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		<id>http://gcdamp.com/api.php?action=feedcontributions&amp;feedformat=atom&amp;user=Cellsworth</id>
		<title>Glen Canyon Dam AMP - User contributions [en]</title>
		<link rel="self" type="application/atom+xml" href="http://gcdamp.com/api.php?action=feedcontributions&amp;feedformat=atom&amp;user=Cellsworth"/>
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		<updated>2026-10-18T09:46:31Z</updated>
		<subtitle>User contributions</subtitle>
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	<entry>
		<id>http://gcdamp.com/index.php?title=Hydrology&amp;diff=11301</id>
		<title>Hydrology</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://gcdamp.com/index.php?title=Hydrology&amp;diff=11301"/>
				<updated>2026-10-14T15:22:05Z</updated>
		
		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Cellsworth: &lt;/p&gt;
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=='''Upper Colorado River Basin Hydrology'''==&lt;br /&gt;
Upper Colorado River Basin regularly experiences significant year to year hydrologic variability. During the 21-year period 2000 to 2020, however, the unregulated inflow to Lake Powell, which is a good measure of hydrologic conditions in the Colorado River Basin, was above average in only 4 out of the past 19 years. The period 2000-2020 is the lowest 21-year period since the closure of Glen Canyon Dam in 1963, with an average unregulated inflow of 8.62 maf, or 80 percent of the 30-year average (1981-2010). (For comparison, the 1981-2010 total water year average is 10.83 maf.) The unregulated inflow during the 2000-2020 period has ranged from a low of 2.64 maf (24 percent of average) in water year 2002 to a high of 15.97 maf (147 percent of average) in water year 2011. In water year 2018 unregulated inflow volume to Lake Powell was 4.6 maf (43 percent of average), the third driest year on record above 2002 and 1977. [http://www.usbr.gov/uc/water/crsp/cs/gcd.html]&lt;br /&gt;
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! style=&amp;quot;width=33%; background:#cedff2;&amp;quot; | [http://www.usbr.gov/uc/water/crsp/cs/gcd.html Current Status] &amp;lt;br&amp;gt; &lt;br /&gt;
! style=&amp;quot;width=33%; background:#cedff2;&amp;quot; | [http://www.usbr.gov/uc/water/crsp/cs/gcd.html Current Operations] &amp;lt;br&amp;gt; &lt;br /&gt;
! style=&amp;quot;width=33%; background:#cedff2;&amp;quot; | [http://www.usbr.gov/uc/water/crsp/cs/gcd.html Inflow Forecasts and Model Projections] &amp;lt;br&amp;gt; &lt;br /&gt;
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=='''[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/index.html Upper Colorado Region Homepage]'''==&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/water/hydrodata/reservoir_data/919/dashboard.html Hydrodata dashboard for Lake Powell]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.nrcs.usda.gov/Internet/WCIS/basinCharts/POR/WTEQ/assocHUC2/Upper%20Colorado%20Region.html Lake Powell Snow Chart]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/water/crsp/studies/images/PowellForecast.png Lake Powell Inflow Forecast]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/water/crsp/studies/images/PowellElevations.png Lake Powell Elevation Projections]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/water/crsp/studies/images/PowellRelease.png Lake Powell Release Projections]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/water/crsp/cs/gcd.html Glen Canyon Dam Operations]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== '''USBR Weekly Water Reports''' ==&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/water/rsvrs/ops/WeeklyHydrologySummary/Weekly_Hydro.pdf Upper Colorado Region Weekly Hydrology Summary]&lt;br /&gt;
#Reservoir inflows (forecast and observed)&lt;br /&gt;
#Reservoir releases&lt;br /&gt;
#SNOTEL&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://www.usbr.gov/lc/region/g4000/weekly.pdf Lower Colorado Water Supply Report]&lt;br /&gt;
#Water use&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://www.usbr.gov/lc/region/g4000/wtracct.html Lower Colorado River Water Accounting]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/water/basin/index.html Colorado River Basin Tea-Cup Diagrams]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== '''USBR Monthly/Annual Reports''' ==&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/water/crsp/studies/index.html 24-Month Studies]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
#[https://www.usbr.gov/lc/region/g4000/24mo.pdf Most Probable 24-Month Study]&lt;br /&gt;
#[https://www.usbr.gov/lc/region/g4000/24mo_MIN.pdf Probable Minimum 24-Month Study]&lt;br /&gt;
#[https://www.usbr.gov/lc/region/g4000/24mo_MAX.pdf Probable Maximum 24-Month Study]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/water/rsvrs/ops/monthly_summaries/index.html Monthly Summaries]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/water/rsvrs/ops/aop/index.html Annual Operating Plans for Colorado River reservoirs]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== '''Snow Pack Reports''' ==&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.nrcs.usda.gov/Internet/WCIS/basinCharts/POR/WTEQ/assocHUC2/Upper%20Colorado%20Region.html Upper Colorado River Basin Snow Water Tracking]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/water/hydrodata/status_maps/  Upper Colorado Basin Conditions Map]&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://www.usbr.gov/uc/water/notice/snowpack.html Bureau of Reclamation- Snow Pack Report]&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://www.cbrfc.noaa.gov/snow/station/sweplot/sweplot.cgi?quick=multiple SNOWTEL Report]&lt;br /&gt;
**The snowtel report is a calculating report, and takes approximately 3 minutes to run.  &lt;br /&gt;
**Select the report under &amp;quot;Public&amp;quot;, listed as &amp;quot;Colorado River above Lake Powell&amp;quot; (116 snowtel sites).  &lt;br /&gt;
**Data source is updated at least daily.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== '''U.S. Drought Monitor''' ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://drought.unl.edu/DM/MONITOR.HTML U.S. Drought Monitor]&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://treeflow.info/basin.html Tree Flow Data]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Inflow Volumes to Lake Powell and Release Volumes from Glen Canyon Dam==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[https://www.usbr.gov/lc/region/g4000/NaturalFlow/provisional.html 10-year average natural inflow (2015-2024)]: 12.60 maf &amp;lt;br&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
[https://www.usbr.gov/lc/region/g4000/NaturalFlow/provisional.html 10-year average unregulated inflow (2016-2025)]: 8.06 maf &amp;lt;br&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
[https://www.usbr.gov/lc/region/g4000/NaturalFlow/provisional.html 10-year average release (2016-2025)]: 8.30 maf &amp;lt;br&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
[https://www.usbr.gov/lc/region/g4000/NaturalFlow/provisional.html 10-year average Lees Ferry Gage (2016-2025)]: 8.44 maf &amp;lt;br&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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!Water Year&lt;br /&gt;
![https://www.usbr.gov/lc/region/g4000/NaturalFlow/provisional.html Naturalized Flow at Lees Ferry (maf)]&lt;br /&gt;
![https://www.usbr.gov/uc/water/crsp/studies/index.html Unregulated Inflow (maf)]&lt;br /&gt;
![https://www.usbr.gov/uc/water/crsp/studies/index.html Release Volume (maf)]&lt;br /&gt;
![https://www.usbr.gov/uc/water/crsp/studies/index.html Lees Ferry Gage (maf)]&lt;br /&gt;
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|2026||03.40||03.72||06.000||~05.948||&lt;br /&gt;
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|2025||08.50||04.688||07.481||07.503||&lt;br /&gt;
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|2024||11.88||07.981||07.480||07.551||&lt;br /&gt;
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|2023||17.41||13.421||08.580||08.749||&lt;br /&gt;
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|2022||09.85||06.084||07.000||07.083||&lt;br /&gt;
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|2021||07.15||03.502||08.230||08.293|| &lt;br /&gt;
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|2020||09.89||05.847||08.230||08.436|| &lt;br /&gt;
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|2019||17.67||12.951||09.001||09.264|| &lt;br /&gt;
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|2018||08.63|||04.612||09.000||09.171|| &lt;br /&gt;
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|2017||16.40||11.905||09.000||09.170|| &lt;br /&gt;
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|2016||13.44||09.616||09.000||09.138|| &lt;br /&gt;
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|2015||13.41||10.174||09.000||09.157|| &lt;br /&gt;
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|2014||13.98||10.381||07.480||07.590|| &lt;br /&gt;
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|2013||09.11||05.117||08.232||08.289|| &lt;br /&gt;
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|2012||08.50||04.908||09.466||09.542|| &lt;br /&gt;
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|2011||20.16||15.971||12.518||12.753|| &lt;br /&gt;
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|2010||12.32||08.426||08.235||08.437|| &lt;br /&gt;
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|2009||14.27||10.220||08.236||08.406|| &lt;br /&gt;
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|2008||16.21||12.086||08.978||09.180|| &lt;br /&gt;
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|2007||12.56||08.754||08.231||08.421|| &lt;br /&gt;
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|2006||12.61||08.626||08.228||08.507|| &lt;br /&gt;
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|2005||16.89||12.795||08.232||08.395|| &lt;br /&gt;
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|2004||09.59||05.913||08.231||08.348|| &lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|2003||10.53||06.161||08.229||08.372|| &lt;br /&gt;
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|2002||05.93||02.643||08.230||08.347|| &lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|2001||11.04||06.994||08.236||08.361||&lt;br /&gt;
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|2000||10.56||06.936||09.381||09.529|| &lt;br /&gt;
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|1999||16.43||12.800||11.204||11.430||&lt;br /&gt;
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|1998||16.97||13.520||13.510||13.440|| &lt;br /&gt;
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|1997||21.15||17.053||13.824||13.874|| &lt;br /&gt;
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|1996||14.07||10.402||11.522||11.532|| &lt;br /&gt;
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|1995||19.80||15.905||09.223||09.242|| &lt;br /&gt;
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|1994||10.64||06.794||08.289||08.304|| &lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|1993||18.63||14.437||08.102||08.137|| &lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|1992||11.10||07.352||08.002||08.023|| &lt;br /&gt;
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|1991||12.35||08.801||08.121||08.131|| &lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|1990||09.00||05.311||08.140||08.151|| &lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|1989||09.60||05.939||07.981||07.994|| &lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|1988||11.68||07.989||08.144||08.160|| &lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|1987||16.61||13.377||13.429||13.450|| &lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|1986||22.36||18.546||16.848||16.866|| &lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|1985||21.06||17.517||19.094||19.109|| &lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|1984||24.18||20.846||20.499||20.518|| &lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|1983||23.70||20.371||17.493||17.520|| &lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|1982||16.67||12.771||08.304||08.323|| &lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|1981||08.68||05.639||08.295||08.316|| &lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|1980||17.27||13.682||10.907||10.950|| &lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|1979||17.55||14.189||08.297||08.333|| &lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|1978||14.85||11.059||08.354||08.369|| &lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|1977||05.52||03.529||08.260||08.269|| &lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|1976||11.21||08.431||08.482||08.494|| &lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|1975||16.53||13.095||09.255||09.274|| &lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|1974||12.96||09.970||08.266||08.277|| &lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|1973||19.14||15.974||10.108||10.141|| &lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|1972||12.44||09.329||09.311||09.330|| &lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|1971||14.73||11.798||08.591||08.607|| &lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|1970||15.06||11.992||08.692||08.688|| &lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|1969||14.45||11.520||08.823||08.850 ||&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|1968||13.34||10.319||08.334||08.358 ||&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|1967||11.71||08.979||07.797||07.824 ||&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|1966||11.06||08.689||07.854||07.870 ||&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|1965||18.36||15.046||10.820||10.835 ||&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|1964||10.38||07.492||02.413||02.427|| &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
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[[File:Temp Precip Flows.png|center|600px]]&lt;br /&gt;
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[[File:WaterUse.png|center|600px]]&lt;br /&gt;
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{| width=&amp;quot;100%&amp;quot; cellpadding=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; cellspacing=&amp;quot;5&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;vertical-align:top; background:#f5faff;&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
! &amp;lt;h2 style=&amp;quot;margin:0; background:#cedff2; font-size:120%; font-weight:bold; border:1px solid #a3b0bf; text-align:left; color:#000; padding:0.2em 0.4em;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;Stream Flow Gages&amp;lt;/h2&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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*[http://graphs.water-data.com/lakepowell/ Lake Powell Water Level Graphs]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.wapa.gov/regions/CRSP/OpsMaint/Pages/scada.aspx Glen Canyon Dam releases (SCADA)]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/lc/region/g4000/riverops/_HdbWebQuery.html Glen Canyon Dam releases (HDB), SDI for total release = 1872]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.gcmrc.gov/discharge_qw_sediment/station/GCDAMP/GCMRC-GCLT1 Water Holes Canyon above the mouth]&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://www.gcmrc.gov/discharge_qw_sediment/station/GCDAMP/09380000 Colorado River at Lees Ferry]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.gcmrc.gov/discharge_qw_sediment/station/GCDAMP/09381800 Paria River near Kanab, UT]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.gcmrc.gov/discharge_qw_sediment/station/GCDAMP/09382000 Paria River at Lees Ferry, AZ]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.gcmrc.gov/discharge_qw_sediment/station/GCDAMP/GCMRC-MCLT1 Badger Creek below highway 89A near Vermillion Cliffs, AZ]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.gcmrc.gov/discharge_qw_sediment/station/GCDAMP/GCMRC-MCLT2 Tanner Wash below highway 89A near Bitter Springs, AZ]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.gcmrc.gov/discharge_qw_sediment/station/GCDAMP/GCMRC-MCLT3 House Rock Wash above Emmett Wash near Cliff Dwellers, AZ]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.gcmrc.gov/discharge_qw_sediment/station/GCDAMP/GCMRC-MCLT5 North Canyon near Cliff Dwellers, AZ]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.gcmrc.gov/discharge_qw_sediment/station/GCDAMP/GCMRC-MCLT6 Shinumo Wash in Twentynine Mile Canyon near Cedar Ridge, AZ]&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://www.gcmrc.gov/discharge_qw_sediment/station/GCDAMP/09383050 Colorado River near river mile 30]&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://www.gcmrc.gov/discharge_qw_sediment/station/GCDAMP/09383100 Colorado River above Little Colorado River near Desert View, AZ]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.gcmrc.gov/discharge_qw_sediment/station/GCDAMP/09401260 Moenkopi Wash at Moenkopi, AZ]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.gcmrc.gov/discharge_qw_sediment/station/GCDAMP/09401500 Moenkopi Wash near Cameron, AZ]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.gcmrc.gov/discharge_qw_sediment/station/GCDAMP/09401000 Little Colorado River at Grand Falls, AZ]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.gcmrc.gov/discharge_qw_sediment/station/GCDAMP/09402000 Little Colorado River near Cameron, AZ]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.gcmrc.gov/discharge_qw_sediment/station/GCDAMP/09402300 Little Colorado River above the mouth near Desert View, AZ]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.gcmrc.gov/discharge_qw_sediment/station/GCDAMP/09402500 Colorado River near Grand Canyon, AZ]&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://www.gcmrc.gov/discharge_qw_sediment/station/GCDAMP/09403000 Bright Angel Creek near Grand Canyon, AZ]&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://www.gcmrc.gov/discharge_qw_sediment/station/GCDAMP/GCMRC-MCLT6 Shinumo Creek]&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://www.gcmrc.gov/discharge_qw_sediment/station/GCDAMP/09403850 Kanab Creek above the mouth near Supai, AZ]&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://www.gcmrc.gov/discharge_qw_sediment/station/GCDAMP/09404115 Havasu Creek above the mouth near Supai, AZ]&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://www.gcmrc.gov/discharge_qw_sediment/station/GCDAMP/09404120 Colorado River above National Canyon near Supai, AZ]&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://www.gcmrc.gov/discharge_qw_sediment/station/GCDAMP/09404200 Colorado River above Diamond Creek near Peach Springs, AZ]&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://graphs.water-data.com/lakemead/ Lake Mead Water Level Graphs]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! &amp;lt;h2 style=&amp;quot;margin:0; background:#cedff2; font-size:120%; font-weight:bold; border:1px solid #a3b0bf; text-align:left; color:#000; padding:0.2em 0.4em;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;Presentations and Papers&amp;lt;/h2&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|style=&amp;quot;color:#000;&amp;quot;|&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''2026'''&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/twg/2026-06-10-twg-meeting/uc-gcdamp-twg-basinhydrology-508-20260610.pdf Basin Hydrology and Operations]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/amwg/2026-05-13-amwg-meeting/uc-gcdamp-amwg-basinhydrology-508-20260513.pdf Basin Hydrology and Operations]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/twg/2026-04-09-twg-meeting/uc-gcdamp-twg-basinhydrology-508-20260409.pdf Basin Hydrology and Operations]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/twg/2026-02-05-twg-meeting/uc-gcdamp-twg-basinhydrology-508-20260205.pdf Basin Hydrology and Operations]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''2025'''&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/twg/2024-07-10-twg-meeting/20240710-BasinHydrologyOperations-508-AMWD.pdf Basin Hydrology and Operations]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/twg/2025-04-10-twg-meeting/uc-gcdamp-twg-basinhydrology-508-20250410.pdf Basin Hydrology and Operations]&lt;br /&gt;
*[[Media:Schmidt_Fleck_reservoir_storage.pdf|Colorado River Basin Reservoir Storage: where do we stand?]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''2024'''&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/twg/2024-10-30-twg-meeting/20241030-BasinHydrologyOperations-508-AMWQD.pdf Basin Hydrology and Operations]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/amwg/2024-08-22-amwg-meeting/20240822-BasinHydrologyOperations-508-AMWQD.pdf Basin Hydrology and Operations ]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/amwg/2024-05-15-amwg-meeting/20240515-BasinHydrologyOperations-508-UCRO.pdf Basin Hydrology and Operations ]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/amwg/2024-02-29-amwg-meeting/20240229-BasinHydrologyOperations-508-UCRO.pdf Basin Hydrology and Operations ]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/twg/2024-01-25-twg-meeting/20240125-TWGMeeting-UpperColoradoRiverBasinIRADroughtMitigationPrograms-508-UCRO.pdf Upper Colorado River Basin IRA Drought Mitigation Programs ]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/twg/2024-01-25-twg-meeting/20240125-TWGMeeting-BasinHydrologyOperations-508-UCRO.pdf Basin Hydrology and Operations ]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://qcnr.usu.edu/coloradoriver/blog/WY2023-schmidt-4 Reservoir Storage at the End of 2023 – Holding On to What We Have]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''2023'''&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/twg/2023-11-08-twg-meeting/20231108-BasinHydrologyOperationsWaterQuality-508-UCRO.pdf Basin Hydrology, Operations and Water Quality]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/amwg/2023-08-17-amwg-meeting/20230817-BasinHydrologyOperations-508-UCRO.pdf Basin Hydrology and Operations]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/twg/2023-06-15-twg-meeting/20230615-BasinHydrologyOperationsWaterQuality-508-UCRO.pdf Basin Hydrology, Operations, and Water Quality]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/twg/2023-04-13-twg-meeting/20230413-BasinHydrologyOperations-508-UCRO.pdf Basin Hydrology and Operations]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/amwg/2023-02-16-amwg-meeting/20230216-GlenCanyonDamOperationsUpperBasinHydrologyWaterQuality-508-UCRO.pdf Glen Canyon Dam Operations and Upper Basin Hydrology and Water Quality]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/twg/2023-01-26-twg-meeting/20230126-TWGMeeting-BasinHydrologyWaterQuality-508-UCRO.pdf Basin Hydrology and Water Quality]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''2022'''&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://qcnr.usu.edu/coloradoriver/files/news/White-Paper-7.pdf Evaluating the Accuracy of Reclamation’s 24-Month Study Lake Powell Projections]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/twg/2022-10-13-twg-meeting/20221013-BasinHydrologyOperationsWaterQuality-508-UCRO.pdf Basin Hydrology, Operations and Water Quality ]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/amwg/2022-08-18-amwg-meeting/20220818-Smith-AMWG-DROA-PPT_508.pdf AMP Role Relative to Implementing the Drought Response Operating Agreement]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/amwg/2022-08-18-amwg-meeting/20220818-BasinHydrologyOperationsWaterQuality-508-UCRO.pdf Basin Hydrology, Operations and Water Quality ]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/twg/2022-06-16-twg-meeting/20220616-BasinHydrologyOperationsWaterQuality-508-UCRO.pdf Basin Hydrology, Operations and Water Quality ]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/amwg/2022-05-18-amwg-meeting/20220518-BasinHydrologyOperations-508-UCRO.pdf Basin Hydrology and Operations ]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/twg/2022-04-13-twg-meeting/20220413-BasinHydrologyOperationsWaterQuality-Presentation-508-UCRO.pdf Basin Hydrology, Operations, and Water Quality ]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/twg/2022-01-13-twg-meeting/20220113-TWGMeeting-BasinHydrologyOperationsWaterQuality-508-UCRO.pdf Basin Hydrology, Operations and Water Quality ]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/amwg/2022-02-10-amwg-meeting/20220210-BasinHydrologyWaterQualityOperations-508-UCRO.pdf Basin Hydrology, Water Quality, and Operations ]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''2021'''&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/twg/2021-10-14-twg-meeting/20211014-ColoradoRiverBasinAugust20215-yearProjectedFutureConditions-Presentation-508-UCRO.pdf Colorado River Basin August 2021 5-year Projected Future Conditions ]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/twg/2021-10-14-twg-meeting/20211014-Long-TermHydrologicProjectionsColoradoRiverBasinMethodsConsideringUncertainty-Presentation-508-UCRO.pdf Long-Term Hydrologic Projections for the Colorado River Basin and Methods for Considering Uncertainty]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/twg/2021-06-17-twg-meeting/20210617-ColoradoRiverBasinApril20215-yearProjectedFutureConditions-508-UCRO.pdf Colorado River Basin April 2021 5-year Projected Future Conditions ]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/twg/2021-06-17-twg-meeting/20210617-BasinHydrologyOperations-508-UCRO.pdf Basin Hydrology and Operations ]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/amwg/2021-05-19-amwg-meeting/20210519-BasinHydrologyOperation-Presentation-508-UCRO.pdf Basin Hydrology and Operations ]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/twg/2021-04-14-twg-meeting/20210414-UpdateHydrologyOperationsWaterQualityConditions-508-UCRO.pdf Update on Hydrology, Operations and Water Quality Conditions ]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/amwg/2021-02-11-amwg-meeting/20210211-BasinHydrologyOperations-508-UCRO.pdf Basin Hydrology and Operations ]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/twg/2021-01-22-twg-meeting/20210122-BasinHydrologyOperations-508-UCRO.pdf Basin Hydrology and Operations ]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''2020'''&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/twg/2020-10-15-twg-meeting/20201015-OpsHydrologyTWG-508.pdf TWG Basin Hydrology and Operations ]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/amwg/2020-08-20-amwg-meeting/20200820-BasinHydrologyReservoirOperations2020-2021Hydrograph-Presentation-508-UCRO.pdf Basin Hydrology, Reservoir Operations 2020 and 2021 Hydrograph ]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/twg/2020-06-24-twg-meeting/20200624-HydrologyOperationsReservoirRelease-508-UCRO.pdf Hydrology, Operations and Reservoir Release presentation ]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/amwg/2020-05-20-amwg-meeting/20200520-AMWG-HydrologyOperationsReservoirRelease-508-UCRO.pdf Hydrology, Operations and Reservoir Release presentation ]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/amwg/2020-02-12-amwg-meeting/20200212-AMWG-HydrologyOperationsReservoirRelease-Presentation-508-UCRO.pdf Hydrology, Operations and Reservoir Release]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''2019'''&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/twg/2019-10-21-twg-meeting/20191021-BasinHydrologyReservoirOperations2020Hydrograph-Presentation-508-UCRO.pdf Basin Hydrology, Reservoir Operations and 2020 Hydrograph Presentation ]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''2018'''&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://www.yumaheritage.com/docs/2nd-A-1JackSchmidt_USU_LoganUT.pdf?bcsi_scan_16614fa24ff8c4a5=0&amp;amp;bcsi_scan_filename=2nd-A-1JackSchmidt_USU_LoganUT.pdf Urban Waterfronts 2018]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/twg/2018-10-10-twg-meeting/Attach_06.pdf Basin Hydrology, Water Years 2018-2019 Operations PPT]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/amwg/2018-08-22-amwg-meeting/Attach_02.pdf Basin Hydrology, Reservoir Operations 2018 and 2019 Hydrograph]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://qcnr.usu.edu/wats/colorado_river_studies/files/documents/Udall.pdf How Will the Colorado Run? The Colorado River in a Warmer World]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/twg/2018-06-25-twg-meeting/Attach_04.pdf Basin Hydrology, Water Years 2018-2019 Operations PPT]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/amwg/2018-05-22-amwg-meeting/Attach_02.pdf Basin Hydrology, Reservoir Operations 2018 and 2019 Hydrograph PPT]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/twg/2018-04-23-twg-meeting/Attach_13.pdf The 21st Century Colorado River Hot Drought and Implications for the Future PPT]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/twg/2018-04-23-twg-meeting/Attach_06.pdf Basin Hydrology, Water Years 2018-2019 Operations PPT]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/amwg/2018-02-14-amwg-meeting/Attach_03.pdf Basin Hydrology, Water Years 2018-2019 Operations PPT]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/twg/2018-01-25-twg-meeting/AR21.pdf Basin Hydrology, Operations and 2018 Hydrograph PPT]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/twg/2018-01-25-twg-meeting/Attach_04.pdf Basin Hydrology, Water Years 2018-2019 Operations PPT]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''2017'''&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/amwg/2017-02-15-amwg-meeting/Attach_16.pdf Analysis of Water Losses and Impacts to the Grand Canyon Ecosystem of the &amp;quot;Fill Mead First&amp;quot; Proposal]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://qcnr.usu.edu/wats/colorado_river_studies/files/documents/Fill_Mead_First_Exec_Summary.pdf Fill Mead First: A technical assessment (Summary)]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://qcnr.usu.edu/wats/colorado_river_studies/files/documents/Fill_Mead_First_Analysis.pdf Fill Mead First: A technical assessment (Analysis)]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/twg/2017-04-20-twg-meeting/Attach_03.pdf Basin Hydrology and Operations]&lt;br /&gt;
*[[Media:Feb2017 OperationsCall.pdf| February 2017 Glen Canyon Montly Operational Coordination Call]]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/amwg/2017-02-15-amwg-meeting/Attach_05.pdf Basin Hydrology, and 2017-2018 Operations]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/amwg/2017-02-15-amwg-meeting/Attach_16.pdf Analysis of Water Losses and Impacts to the Grand Canyon Ecosystem of the &amp;quot;Fill Mead First&amp;quot; Proposal and PPT]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/twg/2017-01-26-twg-meeting/A6_Davidson.pdf Basin Hydrology, Operations and 2018 Hydrograph]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''2016'''&lt;br /&gt;
*[[Media:Aug2016 Information.pdf| August 2016 DOI-DOE Federal Family call on Glen Canyon Operations ]]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://qcnr.usu.edu/coloradoriver/news/wp1.php Fill Mead First – A Technical Assessment]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/amwg/2016-08-24-amwg-meeting/Attach_05.pdf Basin Hydrology and Water Year (WY) 2017 Hydrograph]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/amwg/2016-05-25-amwg-meeting/Attach_02.pdf Basin Hydrology, Operations, and 2017 Hydrograph]&lt;br /&gt;
*[[Media:2017 Hydrology PPT.pdf| TWG: Basin Hydrology, Operations, and 2017 Hydrograph]]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/amwg/2016-02-24-amwg-meeting/Attach_08.pdf Basin Hydrology, Operations, and 2017 Hydrograph]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/twg/2016-02-26-twg-meeting/Attach_03.pdf Glen Canyon Dam Operations During Equalization]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/twg/2016-02-26-twg-meeting/AR01_Topping.pdf Project 2: Streamflow,  Water Quality, Sediment Transport, and Sand Budgets in the Colorado River Ecosystem]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''2015'''&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://drive.google.com/file/d/0BwY-Z2c3NTUGMHhacTF4enJ1eGs/view 2016 Annual Operating Plan]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://drive.google.com/file/d/0BwY-Z2c3NTUGTU41NkhzUi1ZTTg/view California Drought Monitor]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://drive.google.com/file/d/0BwY-Z2c3NTUGOVVVUXFhZVBvNmM/view Lake Mead Issues and Lower Basin Shortage Preparedness]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://drive.google.com/file/d/0BwY-Z2c3NTUGbDNmN3FOeW05b3c/view Lake Mead Issues and Lower Basin Shortage Preparedness - Presentation]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://drive.google.com/file/d/0BwY-Z2c3NTUGbmRuSzRqVm5ydHc/view Basin Hydrology Operations, and 2016 Hydrograph]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/twg/2015-06-11-twg-meeting/Attach_04.pdf Basin Hydrology Operations, and 2016 Hydrograph]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://drive.google.com/file/d/0BwY-Z2c3NTUGMHhacTF4enJ1eGs/view 2016 Annual Operating Plan]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/amwg/2015-05-28-amwg-meeting/Attach_05.pdf Basin Hydrology and WY 2016 Hydrograph]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/twg/2015-04-21-twg-meeting/Attach_03.pdf Hydrology Update and 2016 Hydrograph]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/twg/2015-04-21-twg-meeting/Attach_07.pdf Water Quality in Lake Mead and Upstream Influences: Dissolved Oxygen during 2014] &lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/amwg/2015-02-25-amwg-meeting/Attach_02.pdf Basin Hydrology, Operations, and 2016 Hydrograph] &lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/amwg/2015-02-25-amwg-meeting/Attach_03a.pdf Panel on Current Projects and Issues in Utah]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/amwg/2015-02-25-amwg-meeting/Attach_03b.pdf Central Utah Project]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/amwg/2015-02-25-amwg-meeting/Attach_03c.pdf Meeting the Mitigation Requirement for the Bonneville Unit CUP]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/amwg/2015-02-25-amwg-meeting/Attach_03d.pdf Current Projects and Issues in Utah]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/amwg/2015-02-25-amwg-meeting/Attach_03e.pdf Provo Area Office]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''2014'''&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/twg/2014-10-28-twg-meeting/Attach_09.pdf Colorado River Annual Operating Plan and Drought Contingency Planning ]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/amwg/2014-08-27-amwg-meeting/Attach_02b.pdf DOI-DOE Hydrograph Development for Water Year 2015  ]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/amwg/2014-08-27-amwg-meeting/Attach_02a.pdf Basin Hydrology, Operations ] &lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/twg/2014-06-24-twg-meeting/Attach_06a.pdf Basin Hydrology, Operations, and 2015 Hydrograph ] &lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/amwg/2014-05-27-amwg-meeting/Attach_01.pdf Basin Hydrology, Operations, and 2015 Hydrograph and AIF: Development of Water Year 2015 Hydrograph ] &lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/amwg/2014-02-19-amwg-meeting/Attach_02.pdf Basin Hydrology, Operations, and 2015 Hydrograph ] &lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/amwg/2014-02-19-amwg-meeting/Attach_03a.pdf Panel on the Potential Effects of Long-Term Drought on Colorado River Operations ] &lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/amwg/2014-02-19-amwg-meeting/Attach_03b.pdf Near Term Risks: Options to Address Declining Reservoirs ] &lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/amwg/2014-02-19-amwg-meeting/Attach_03c.pdf State of Nevada Concerns ] &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''2013'''&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/amwg/2013-08-08-amwg-meeting/Attach_04.pdf Water Year 2014 Hydrograph ]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/amwg/2013-08-08-amwg-meeting/Attach_03.pdf Basin Hydrology and Operations ]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/twg/2013-06-26-twg-meeting/Attach_04.pdf Colorado River Basin Hydrology and Projected Glen Canyon Dam Operations ]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/twg/2013-06-26-twg-meeting/Attach_05a.pdf DOI/DOE FY14 Hydrograph ]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/twg/2013-06-26-twg-meeting/Attach_05b.pdf Approved FY14 Hydrograph ]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/amwg/2013-02-20-amwg-meeting/Attach_04.pdf Glen Canyon Dam Facility Management]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/amwg/2013-02-20-amwg-meeting/Attach_02.pdf Basin Hydrology and Operations]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/amwg/2013-02-20-amwg-meeting/Attach_03.pdf Colorado River Basin Water Supply and Demand Study]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/twg/2013-01-24-twg-meeting/Attach_05.pdf Executive Summary--Pre-Production Copy of the Colorado River Basin Water Supply and Demand Study]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/lc/region/programs/crbstudy/finalreport/index.html Colorado River Basin Water Study &amp;amp; Demand Study - Final Study Reports]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''2012'''&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/amwg/2012-08-29-amwg-meeting/Attach_03.pdf Basin Hydrology ]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/amwg/2012-08-29-amwg-meeting/Attach_06a.pdf Water Year 2013 Hydrograph ]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/amwg/2012-08-29-amwg-meeting/Attach_06b.pdf TWG Report: 2013 Hydrograph ]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/twg/2012-06-20-twg-meeting/Attach_04a.pdf DOI and DOE Operating Hydrograph Recommendations for GCD (2012 water year)]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/twg/2012-06-20-twg-meeting/Attach_04b.pdf Water Year 2013 Hydrograph TWG Motion ]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/amwg/2012-02-22-amwg-meeting/Attach_05.pdf 2013 Hydrograph Development ]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/twg/2012-02-02-twg-meeting/Attach_07.pdf FY2013 Hydrograph (from 8/2011 AMWG meeting)]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/amwg/2012-02-22-amwg-meeting/Attach_09.pdf Basin Hydrology and Operations ]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.gcmrc.gov/about/ka/KA%202%20-%2010-19-11/AM%20Talks/Grams%20Flow%20Temp%20Turbidity.pdf Flow Temp Turbidity ]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''2011'''&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/amwg/2011-08-24-amwg-meeting/Attach_09.pdf 2012 Hydrograph ]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/amwg/2011-08-24-amwg-meeting/Attach_08.pdf Basin Hydrology ]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/twg/2011-06-28-twg-meeting/Attach_06a.pdf 2012 Hydrograph Development ]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/twg/2011-06-28-twg-meeting/Attach_06b.pdf Department of the Interior and Department of Energy Operating Hydrograph Recommendations for Glen Canyon Dam (2012 Water Year), June 6, 2011]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/amwg/2011-05-18-amwg-meeting/Attach_03.pdf Basin Hydrology ]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/amwg/2011-05-18-amwg-meeting/Attach_10.pdf Secure Water Act Section 9503 (c) - Water and Climate Change]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/amwg/2011-05-18-amwg-meeting/Attach_04.pdf WY2012 Hydrograph Development ]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/twg/2011-03-08-twg-meeting/Attach_05a.pdf 2012 Hydrograph Development ]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/twg/2011-03-08-twg-meeting/Attach_05b.pdf Grand Canyon Trust Proposed FY2012 Hydrograph]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/twg/2011-01-20-twg-meeting/Attach_04a.pdf Bureau of Reclamation Updates ]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''2010'''&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/amwg/2010-08-24-amwg-meeting/Attach_07a.pdf Fiscal Year 2011-12 Hydrograph and E-mail Message to the AMWG from Anne Castle Dated July 23, 2010, Subject: July 23 Final Draft DOI-DOE Proposed Hydrograph Recommendations]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/amwg/2010-08-24-amwg-meeting/Attach_07b.pdf Department of the Interior and Department of the Energy Recommendations for Glen Canyon Dam with August 23, 2010, edits]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/amwg/2010-08-24-amwg-meeting/Attach_07c.pdf Grand Canyon Protection Act]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/amwg/2010-08-24-amwg-meeting/Attach_07d.pdf Report on Modeling the 2008-2010 Period to Support Development of the 2011 Hydrograph]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/amwg/2010-08-24-amwg-meeting/Attach_07e.pdf Proposed Water year 2011 Hydrograph: Impacts on CRSP Electric Power Resources]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/amwg/2010-08-24-amwg-meeting/Attach_07f.pdf Grand Canyon Trust Hydrograph Proposal]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/amwg/2010-08-24-amwg-meeting/Attach_06.pdf Basin Hydrology and Operations]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/amwg/2010-02-03-amwg-meeting/Attach_12.pdf Basin Hydrology and PPT]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/twg/2010-01-21-twg-meeting/Attach_03b.pdf Figure 1, AOP, BOR, AMWG monthly volumes]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''2009'''&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/amwg/2009-08-12-amwg-meeting/Attach_08a.pdf FY2010-11 Draft Budget, Workplan, and Hydrograph]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/amwg/2009-08-12-amwg-meeting/Attach_08b.pdf Basin Hydrology PPT]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/amwg/2009-04-29-amwg-meeting/Attach_11.pdf Basin Hydrology and PPT]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://www.riversimulator.org/Resources/AquaticResearch/MLFFfailureKorman2004.pdf ***DRAFT*** Evidence for the Failure of the Modified Low Fluctuating Flow Alternative (MLFFA) to Benefit Most Ecological Resources in Grand Canyon ]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2006/1243/pdf/of06-1243_508.pdf Hazel et al. 2006. Stage-Discharge Relations for the Colorado River in Glen, Marble, and Grand Canyons, Arizona: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2006-1243, 7 p]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/pp1677/pdf/pp1677.pdf Topping et al. 2003.  Computation and analysis of the instantaneous-discharge record for the Colorado River at Lees Ferry, Arizona, May 8, 1921 through September 30, 2000: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1677, 118 p.]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
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&amp;lt;Span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/Span&amp;gt;&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Cellsworth</name></author>	</entry>

	<entry>
		<id>http://gcdamp.com/index.php?title=Hydrology&amp;diff=11300</id>
		<title>Hydrology</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://gcdamp.com/index.php?title=Hydrology&amp;diff=11300"/>
				<updated>2026-10-14T15:14:48Z</updated>
		
		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Cellsworth: &lt;/p&gt;
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=='''Upper Colorado River Basin Hydrology'''==&lt;br /&gt;
Upper Colorado River Basin regularly experiences significant year to year hydrologic variability. During the 21-year period 2000 to 2020, however, the unregulated inflow to Lake Powell, which is a good measure of hydrologic conditions in the Colorado River Basin, was above average in only 4 out of the past 19 years. The period 2000-2020 is the lowest 21-year period since the closure of Glen Canyon Dam in 1963, with an average unregulated inflow of 8.62 maf, or 80 percent of the 30-year average (1981-2010). (For comparison, the 1981-2010 total water year average is 10.83 maf.) The unregulated inflow during the 2000-2020 period has ranged from a low of 2.64 maf (24 percent of average) in water year 2002 to a high of 15.97 maf (147 percent of average) in water year 2011. In water year 2018 unregulated inflow volume to Lake Powell was 4.6 maf (43 percent of average), the third driest year on record above 2002 and 1977. [http://www.usbr.gov/uc/water/crsp/cs/gcd.html]&lt;br /&gt;
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! style=&amp;quot;width=33%; background:#cedff2;&amp;quot; | [http://www.usbr.gov/uc/water/crsp/cs/gcd.html Current Status] &amp;lt;br&amp;gt; &lt;br /&gt;
! style=&amp;quot;width=33%; background:#cedff2;&amp;quot; | [http://www.usbr.gov/uc/water/crsp/cs/gcd.html Current Operations] &amp;lt;br&amp;gt; &lt;br /&gt;
! style=&amp;quot;width=33%; background:#cedff2;&amp;quot; | [http://www.usbr.gov/uc/water/crsp/cs/gcd.html Inflow Forecasts and Model Projections] &amp;lt;br&amp;gt; &lt;br /&gt;
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=='''[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/index.html Upper Colorado Region Homepage]'''==&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/water/hydrodata/reservoir_data/919/dashboard.html Hydrodata dashboard for Lake Powell]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.nrcs.usda.gov/Internet/WCIS/basinCharts/POR/WTEQ/assocHUC2/Upper%20Colorado%20Region.html Lake Powell Snow Chart]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/water/crsp/studies/images/PowellForecast.png Lake Powell Inflow Forecast]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/water/crsp/studies/images/PowellElevations.png Lake Powell Elevation Projections]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/water/crsp/studies/images/PowellRelease.png Lake Powell Release Projections]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/water/crsp/cs/gcd.html Glen Canyon Dam Operations]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== '''USBR Weekly Water Reports''' ==&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/water/rsvrs/ops/WeeklyHydrologySummary/Weekly_Hydro.pdf Upper Colorado Region Weekly Hydrology Summary]&lt;br /&gt;
#Reservoir inflows (forecast and observed)&lt;br /&gt;
#Reservoir releases&lt;br /&gt;
#SNOTEL&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://www.usbr.gov/lc/region/g4000/weekly.pdf Lower Colorado Water Supply Report]&lt;br /&gt;
#Water use&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://www.usbr.gov/lc/region/g4000/wtracct.html Lower Colorado River Water Accounting]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/water/basin/index.html Colorado River Basin Tea-Cup Diagrams]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== '''USBR Monthly/Annual Reports''' ==&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/water/crsp/studies/index.html 24-Month Studies]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
#[https://www.usbr.gov/lc/region/g4000/24mo.pdf Most Probable 24-Month Study]&lt;br /&gt;
#[https://www.usbr.gov/lc/region/g4000/24mo_MIN.pdf Probable Minimum 24-Month Study]&lt;br /&gt;
#[https://www.usbr.gov/lc/region/g4000/24mo_MAX.pdf Probable Maximum 24-Month Study]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/water/rsvrs/ops/monthly_summaries/index.html Monthly Summaries]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/water/rsvrs/ops/aop/index.html Annual Operating Plans for Colorado River reservoirs]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== '''Snow Pack Reports''' ==&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.nrcs.usda.gov/Internet/WCIS/basinCharts/POR/WTEQ/assocHUC2/Upper%20Colorado%20Region.html Upper Colorado River Basin Snow Water Tracking]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/water/hydrodata/status_maps/  Upper Colorado Basin Conditions Map]&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://www.usbr.gov/uc/water/notice/snowpack.html Bureau of Reclamation- Snow Pack Report]&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://www.cbrfc.noaa.gov/snow/station/sweplot/sweplot.cgi?quick=multiple SNOWTEL Report]&lt;br /&gt;
**The snowtel report is a calculating report, and takes approximately 3 minutes to run.  &lt;br /&gt;
**Select the report under &amp;quot;Public&amp;quot;, listed as &amp;quot;Colorado River above Lake Powell&amp;quot; (116 snowtel sites).  &lt;br /&gt;
**Data source is updated at least daily.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== '''U.S. Drought Monitor''' ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://drought.unl.edu/DM/MONITOR.HTML U.S. Drought Monitor]&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://treeflow.info/basin.html Tree Flow Data]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Inflow Volumes to Lake Powell and Release Volumes from Glen Canyon Dam==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[https://www.usbr.gov/lc/region/g4000/NaturalFlow/provisional.html 10-year average natural inflow (2015-2024)]: 12.60 maf &amp;lt;br&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
[https://www.usbr.gov/lc/region/g4000/NaturalFlow/provisional.html 10-year average unregulated inflow (2016-2025)]: 8.06 maf &amp;lt;br&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
[https://www.usbr.gov/lc/region/g4000/NaturalFlow/provisional.html 10-year average release (2016-2025)]: 8.30 maf &amp;lt;br&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
[https://www.usbr.gov/lc/region/g4000/NaturalFlow/provisional.html 10-year average Lees Ferry Gage (2016-2025)]: 8.44 maf &amp;lt;br&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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|2026||03.40||03.72||06.000||~05.948||&lt;br /&gt;
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|2025||08.50||04.688||07.481||07.503||&lt;br /&gt;
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|2024||11.88||07.981||07.480||07.551||&lt;br /&gt;
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|2023||17.41||13.421||08.580||08.749||&lt;br /&gt;
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|2022||09.85||06.084||07.000||07.083||&lt;br /&gt;
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|2021||07.15||03.502||08.230||08.293|| &lt;br /&gt;
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|2020||09.89||05.847||08.230||08.436|| &lt;br /&gt;
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|2019||17.67||12.951||09.001||09.264|| &lt;br /&gt;
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|2018||08.63|||04.612||09.000||09.171|| &lt;br /&gt;
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|2017||16.40||11.905||09.000||09.170|| &lt;br /&gt;
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|2016||13.44||09.616||09.000||09.138|| &lt;br /&gt;
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|2015||13.41||10.174||09.000||09.157|| &lt;br /&gt;
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|2014||13.98||10.381||07.480||07.590|| &lt;br /&gt;
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|2013||09.11||05.117||08.232||08.289|| &lt;br /&gt;
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|2012||08.50||04.908||09.466||09.542|| &lt;br /&gt;
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|2011||20.16||15.971||12.518||12.753|| &lt;br /&gt;
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|2010||12.32||08.426||08.235||08.437|| &lt;br /&gt;
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|2009||14.27||10.220||08.236||08.406|| &lt;br /&gt;
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|2008||16.21||12.086||08.978||09.180|| &lt;br /&gt;
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|2007||12.56||08.754||08.231||08.421|| &lt;br /&gt;
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|2006||12.61||08.626||08.228||08.507|| &lt;br /&gt;
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|2005||16.89||12.795||08.232||08.395|| &lt;br /&gt;
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|2004||09.59||05.913||08.231||08.348|| &lt;br /&gt;
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|2003||10.53||06.161||08.229||08.372|| &lt;br /&gt;
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|2002||05.93||02.643||08.230||08.347|| &lt;br /&gt;
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|2001||11.04||06.994||08.236||08.361||&lt;br /&gt;
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|2000||10.56||06.936||09.381||09.529|| &lt;br /&gt;
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|1999||16.43||12.800||11.204||11.430||&lt;br /&gt;
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|1998||16.97||13.520||13.510||13.440|| &lt;br /&gt;
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|1997||21.15||17.053||13.824||13.874|| &lt;br /&gt;
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|1996||14.07||10.402||11.522||11.532|| &lt;br /&gt;
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|1995||19.80||15.905||09.223||09.242|| &lt;br /&gt;
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|1994||10.64||06.794||08.289||08.304|| &lt;br /&gt;
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|1993||18.63||14.437||08.102||08.137|| &lt;br /&gt;
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|1992||11.10||07.352||08.002||08.023|| &lt;br /&gt;
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|1991||12.35||08.801||08.121||08.131|| &lt;br /&gt;
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|1990||09.00||05.311||08.140||08.151|| &lt;br /&gt;
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|1989||09.60||05.939||07.981||07.994|| &lt;br /&gt;
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|1988||11.68||07.989||08.144||08.160|| &lt;br /&gt;
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|1987||16.61||13.377||13.429||13.450|| &lt;br /&gt;
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|1986||22.36||18.546||16.848||16.866|| &lt;br /&gt;
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|1985||21.06||17.517||19.094||19.109|| &lt;br /&gt;
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|1984||24.18||20.846||20.499||20.518|| &lt;br /&gt;
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|1983||23.70||20.371||17.493||17.520|| &lt;br /&gt;
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|1982||16.67||12.771||08.304||08.323|| &lt;br /&gt;
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|1981||08.68||05.639||08.295||08.316|| &lt;br /&gt;
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|1980||17.27||13.682||10.907||10.950|| &lt;br /&gt;
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|1979||17.55||14.189||08.297||08.333|| &lt;br /&gt;
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|1978||14.85||11.059||08.354||08.369|| &lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|1977||05.52||03.529||08.260||08.269|| &lt;br /&gt;
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|1976||11.21||08.431||08.482||08.494|| &lt;br /&gt;
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|1975||16.53||13.095||09.255||09.274|| &lt;br /&gt;
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|1974||12.96||09.970||08.266||08.277|| &lt;br /&gt;
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|1973||19.14||15.974||10.108||10.141|| &lt;br /&gt;
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|1972||12.44||09.329||09.311||09.330|| &lt;br /&gt;
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|1971||14.73||11.798||08.591||08.607|| &lt;br /&gt;
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|1970||15.06||11.992||08.692||08.688|| &lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|1969||14.45||11.520||08.823||08.850 ||&lt;br /&gt;
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|1968||13.34||10.319||08.334||08.358 ||&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|1967||11.71||08.979||07.797||07.824 ||&lt;br /&gt;
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|1966||11.06||08.689||07.854||07.870 ||&lt;br /&gt;
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|1965||18.36||15.046||10.820||10.835 ||&lt;br /&gt;
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|1964||10.38||07.492||02.413||02.427|| &lt;br /&gt;
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|}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[File:LakePowellInflows1906 2012.JPG|left|500px|thumbnail|[https://usea.org/sites/default/files/event-/Final_Colorado_Overview.pdf https://usea.org/sites/default/files/event-/Final_Colorado_Overview.pdf] ]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[File:GlenCanyonRelease1995 2015.JPG|left|500px|thumbnail|[http://www.lakepowell.org/page_two/what_s_new/what_s_new.html http://www.lakepowell.org/page_two/what_s_new/what_s_new.html] ]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[File:LakePowellelevations1963 2012.JPG|left|500px|thumbnail|[https://www.hcn.org/blogs/goat/is-lake-powell-really-shrinking https://www.hcn.org/blogs/goat/is-lake-powell-really-shrinking] ]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;!--&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
--------------------------------ADDITIONAL-------------------------------&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|class=&amp;quot;MainPageBG&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;width:45%; border:1px solid #cedff2; background:#f5faff; vertical-align:top;&amp;quot;|&lt;br /&gt;
{| width=&amp;quot;100%&amp;quot; cellpadding=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; cellspacing=&amp;quot;5&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;vertical-align:top; background:#f5faff;&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
! &amp;lt;h2 style=&amp;quot;margin:0; background:#cedff2; font-size:120%; font-weight:bold; border:1px solid #a3b0bf; text-align:left; color:#000; padding:0.2em 0.4em;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;Stream Flow Gages&amp;lt;/h2&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|style=&amp;quot;color:#000;&amp;quot;|&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://graphs.water-data.com/lakepowell/ Lake Powell Water Level Graphs]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.wapa.gov/regions/CRSP/OpsMaint/Pages/scada.aspx Glen Canyon Dam releases (SCADA)]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/lc/region/g4000/riverops/_HdbWebQuery.html Glen Canyon Dam releases (HDB), SDI for total release = 1872]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.gcmrc.gov/discharge_qw_sediment/station/GCDAMP/GCMRC-GCLT1 Water Holes Canyon above the mouth]&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://www.gcmrc.gov/discharge_qw_sediment/station/GCDAMP/09380000 Colorado River at Lees Ferry]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.gcmrc.gov/discharge_qw_sediment/station/GCDAMP/09381800 Paria River near Kanab, UT]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.gcmrc.gov/discharge_qw_sediment/station/GCDAMP/09382000 Paria River at Lees Ferry, AZ]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.gcmrc.gov/discharge_qw_sediment/station/GCDAMP/GCMRC-MCLT1 Badger Creek below highway 89A near Vermillion Cliffs, AZ]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.gcmrc.gov/discharge_qw_sediment/station/GCDAMP/GCMRC-MCLT2 Tanner Wash below highway 89A near Bitter Springs, AZ]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.gcmrc.gov/discharge_qw_sediment/station/GCDAMP/GCMRC-MCLT3 House Rock Wash above Emmett Wash near Cliff Dwellers, AZ]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.gcmrc.gov/discharge_qw_sediment/station/GCDAMP/GCMRC-MCLT5 North Canyon near Cliff Dwellers, AZ]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.gcmrc.gov/discharge_qw_sediment/station/GCDAMP/GCMRC-MCLT6 Shinumo Wash in Twentynine Mile Canyon near Cedar Ridge, AZ]&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://www.gcmrc.gov/discharge_qw_sediment/station/GCDAMP/09383050 Colorado River near river mile 30]&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://www.gcmrc.gov/discharge_qw_sediment/station/GCDAMP/09383100 Colorado River above Little Colorado River near Desert View, AZ]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.gcmrc.gov/discharge_qw_sediment/station/GCDAMP/09401260 Moenkopi Wash at Moenkopi, AZ]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.gcmrc.gov/discharge_qw_sediment/station/GCDAMP/09401500 Moenkopi Wash near Cameron, AZ]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.gcmrc.gov/discharge_qw_sediment/station/GCDAMP/09401000 Little Colorado River at Grand Falls, AZ]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.gcmrc.gov/discharge_qw_sediment/station/GCDAMP/09402000 Little Colorado River near Cameron, AZ]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.gcmrc.gov/discharge_qw_sediment/station/GCDAMP/09402300 Little Colorado River above the mouth near Desert View, AZ]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.gcmrc.gov/discharge_qw_sediment/station/GCDAMP/09402500 Colorado River near Grand Canyon, AZ]&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://www.gcmrc.gov/discharge_qw_sediment/station/GCDAMP/09403000 Bright Angel Creek near Grand Canyon, AZ]&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://www.gcmrc.gov/discharge_qw_sediment/station/GCDAMP/GCMRC-MCLT6 Shinumo Creek]&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://www.gcmrc.gov/discharge_qw_sediment/station/GCDAMP/09403850 Kanab Creek above the mouth near Supai, AZ]&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://www.gcmrc.gov/discharge_qw_sediment/station/GCDAMP/09404115 Havasu Creek above the mouth near Supai, AZ]&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://www.gcmrc.gov/discharge_qw_sediment/station/GCDAMP/09404120 Colorado River above National Canyon near Supai, AZ]&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://www.gcmrc.gov/discharge_qw_sediment/station/GCDAMP/09404200 Colorado River above Diamond Creek near Peach Springs, AZ]&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://graphs.water-data.com/lakemead/ Lake Mead Water Level Graphs]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! &amp;lt;h2 style=&amp;quot;margin:0; background:#cedff2; font-size:120%; font-weight:bold; border:1px solid #a3b0bf; text-align:left; color:#000; padding:0.2em 0.4em;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;Presentations and Papers&amp;lt;/h2&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|style=&amp;quot;color:#000;&amp;quot;|&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''2026'''&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/twg/2026-06-10-twg-meeting/uc-gcdamp-twg-basinhydrology-508-20260610.pdf Basin Hydrology and Operations]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/amwg/2026-05-13-amwg-meeting/uc-gcdamp-amwg-basinhydrology-508-20260513.pdf Basin Hydrology and Operations]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/twg/2026-04-09-twg-meeting/uc-gcdamp-twg-basinhydrology-508-20260409.pdf Basin Hydrology and Operations]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/twg/2026-02-05-twg-meeting/uc-gcdamp-twg-basinhydrology-508-20260205.pdf Basin Hydrology and Operations]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''2025'''&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/twg/2024-07-10-twg-meeting/20240710-BasinHydrologyOperations-508-AMWD.pdf Basin Hydrology and Operations]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/twg/2025-04-10-twg-meeting/uc-gcdamp-twg-basinhydrology-508-20250410.pdf Basin Hydrology and Operations]&lt;br /&gt;
*[[Media:Schmidt_Fleck_reservoir_storage.pdf|Colorado River Basin Reservoir Storage: where do we stand?]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''2024'''&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/twg/2024-10-30-twg-meeting/20241030-BasinHydrologyOperations-508-AMWQD.pdf Basin Hydrology and Operations]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/amwg/2024-08-22-amwg-meeting/20240822-BasinHydrologyOperations-508-AMWQD.pdf Basin Hydrology and Operations ]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/amwg/2024-05-15-amwg-meeting/20240515-BasinHydrologyOperations-508-UCRO.pdf Basin Hydrology and Operations ]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/amwg/2024-02-29-amwg-meeting/20240229-BasinHydrologyOperations-508-UCRO.pdf Basin Hydrology and Operations ]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/twg/2024-01-25-twg-meeting/20240125-TWGMeeting-UpperColoradoRiverBasinIRADroughtMitigationPrograms-508-UCRO.pdf Upper Colorado River Basin IRA Drought Mitigation Programs ]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/twg/2024-01-25-twg-meeting/20240125-TWGMeeting-BasinHydrologyOperations-508-UCRO.pdf Basin Hydrology and Operations ]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://qcnr.usu.edu/coloradoriver/blog/WY2023-schmidt-4 Reservoir Storage at the End of 2023 – Holding On to What We Have]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''2023'''&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/twg/2023-11-08-twg-meeting/20231108-BasinHydrologyOperationsWaterQuality-508-UCRO.pdf Basin Hydrology, Operations and Water Quality]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/amwg/2023-08-17-amwg-meeting/20230817-BasinHydrologyOperations-508-UCRO.pdf Basin Hydrology and Operations]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/twg/2023-06-15-twg-meeting/20230615-BasinHydrologyOperationsWaterQuality-508-UCRO.pdf Basin Hydrology, Operations, and Water Quality]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/twg/2023-04-13-twg-meeting/20230413-BasinHydrologyOperations-508-UCRO.pdf Basin Hydrology and Operations]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/amwg/2023-02-16-amwg-meeting/20230216-GlenCanyonDamOperationsUpperBasinHydrologyWaterQuality-508-UCRO.pdf Glen Canyon Dam Operations and Upper Basin Hydrology and Water Quality]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/twg/2023-01-26-twg-meeting/20230126-TWGMeeting-BasinHydrologyWaterQuality-508-UCRO.pdf Basin Hydrology and Water Quality]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''2022'''&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://qcnr.usu.edu/coloradoriver/files/news/White-Paper-7.pdf Evaluating the Accuracy of Reclamation’s 24-Month Study Lake Powell Projections]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/twg/2022-10-13-twg-meeting/20221013-BasinHydrologyOperationsWaterQuality-508-UCRO.pdf Basin Hydrology, Operations and Water Quality ]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/amwg/2022-08-18-amwg-meeting/20220818-Smith-AMWG-DROA-PPT_508.pdf AMP Role Relative to Implementing the Drought Response Operating Agreement]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/amwg/2022-08-18-amwg-meeting/20220818-BasinHydrologyOperationsWaterQuality-508-UCRO.pdf Basin Hydrology, Operations and Water Quality ]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/twg/2022-06-16-twg-meeting/20220616-BasinHydrologyOperationsWaterQuality-508-UCRO.pdf Basin Hydrology, Operations and Water Quality ]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/amwg/2022-05-18-amwg-meeting/20220518-BasinHydrologyOperations-508-UCRO.pdf Basin Hydrology and Operations ]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/twg/2022-04-13-twg-meeting/20220413-BasinHydrologyOperationsWaterQuality-Presentation-508-UCRO.pdf Basin Hydrology, Operations, and Water Quality ]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/twg/2022-01-13-twg-meeting/20220113-TWGMeeting-BasinHydrologyOperationsWaterQuality-508-UCRO.pdf Basin Hydrology, Operations and Water Quality ]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/amwg/2022-02-10-amwg-meeting/20220210-BasinHydrologyWaterQualityOperations-508-UCRO.pdf Basin Hydrology, Water Quality, and Operations ]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''2021'''&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/twg/2021-10-14-twg-meeting/20211014-ColoradoRiverBasinAugust20215-yearProjectedFutureConditions-Presentation-508-UCRO.pdf Colorado River Basin August 2021 5-year Projected Future Conditions ]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/twg/2021-10-14-twg-meeting/20211014-Long-TermHydrologicProjectionsColoradoRiverBasinMethodsConsideringUncertainty-Presentation-508-UCRO.pdf Long-Term Hydrologic Projections for the Colorado River Basin and Methods for Considering Uncertainty]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/twg/2021-06-17-twg-meeting/20210617-ColoradoRiverBasinApril20215-yearProjectedFutureConditions-508-UCRO.pdf Colorado River Basin April 2021 5-year Projected Future Conditions ]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/twg/2021-06-17-twg-meeting/20210617-BasinHydrologyOperations-508-UCRO.pdf Basin Hydrology and Operations ]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/amwg/2021-05-19-amwg-meeting/20210519-BasinHydrologyOperation-Presentation-508-UCRO.pdf Basin Hydrology and Operations ]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/twg/2021-04-14-twg-meeting/20210414-UpdateHydrologyOperationsWaterQualityConditions-508-UCRO.pdf Update on Hydrology, Operations and Water Quality Conditions ]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/amwg/2021-02-11-amwg-meeting/20210211-BasinHydrologyOperations-508-UCRO.pdf Basin Hydrology and Operations ]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/twg/2021-01-22-twg-meeting/20210122-BasinHydrologyOperations-508-UCRO.pdf Basin Hydrology and Operations ]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''2020'''&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/twg/2020-10-15-twg-meeting/20201015-OpsHydrologyTWG-508.pdf TWG Basin Hydrology and Operations ]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/amwg/2020-08-20-amwg-meeting/20200820-BasinHydrologyReservoirOperations2020-2021Hydrograph-Presentation-508-UCRO.pdf Basin Hydrology, Reservoir Operations 2020 and 2021 Hydrograph ]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/twg/2020-06-24-twg-meeting/20200624-HydrologyOperationsReservoirRelease-508-UCRO.pdf Hydrology, Operations and Reservoir Release presentation ]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/amwg/2020-05-20-amwg-meeting/20200520-AMWG-HydrologyOperationsReservoirRelease-508-UCRO.pdf Hydrology, Operations and Reservoir Release presentation ]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/amwg/2020-02-12-amwg-meeting/20200212-AMWG-HydrologyOperationsReservoirRelease-Presentation-508-UCRO.pdf Hydrology, Operations and Reservoir Release]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''2019'''&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/twg/2019-10-21-twg-meeting/20191021-BasinHydrologyReservoirOperations2020Hydrograph-Presentation-508-UCRO.pdf Basin Hydrology, Reservoir Operations and 2020 Hydrograph Presentation ]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''2018'''&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://www.yumaheritage.com/docs/2nd-A-1JackSchmidt_USU_LoganUT.pdf?bcsi_scan_16614fa24ff8c4a5=0&amp;amp;bcsi_scan_filename=2nd-A-1JackSchmidt_USU_LoganUT.pdf Urban Waterfronts 2018]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/twg/2018-10-10-twg-meeting/Attach_06.pdf Basin Hydrology, Water Years 2018-2019 Operations PPT]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/amwg/2018-08-22-amwg-meeting/Attach_02.pdf Basin Hydrology, Reservoir Operations 2018 and 2019 Hydrograph]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://qcnr.usu.edu/wats/colorado_river_studies/files/documents/Udall.pdf How Will the Colorado Run? The Colorado River in a Warmer World]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/twg/2018-06-25-twg-meeting/Attach_04.pdf Basin Hydrology, Water Years 2018-2019 Operations PPT]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/amwg/2018-05-22-amwg-meeting/Attach_02.pdf Basin Hydrology, Reservoir Operations 2018 and 2019 Hydrograph PPT]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/twg/2018-04-23-twg-meeting/Attach_13.pdf The 21st Century Colorado River Hot Drought and Implications for the Future PPT]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/twg/2018-04-23-twg-meeting/Attach_06.pdf Basin Hydrology, Water Years 2018-2019 Operations PPT]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/amwg/2018-02-14-amwg-meeting/Attach_03.pdf Basin Hydrology, Water Years 2018-2019 Operations PPT]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/twg/2018-01-25-twg-meeting/AR21.pdf Basin Hydrology, Operations and 2018 Hydrograph PPT]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/twg/2018-01-25-twg-meeting/Attach_04.pdf Basin Hydrology, Water Years 2018-2019 Operations PPT]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''2017'''&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/amwg/2017-02-15-amwg-meeting/Attach_16.pdf Analysis of Water Losses and Impacts to the Grand Canyon Ecosystem of the &amp;quot;Fill Mead First&amp;quot; Proposal]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://qcnr.usu.edu/wats/colorado_river_studies/files/documents/Fill_Mead_First_Exec_Summary.pdf Fill Mead First: A technical assessment (Summary)]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://qcnr.usu.edu/wats/colorado_river_studies/files/documents/Fill_Mead_First_Analysis.pdf Fill Mead First: A technical assessment (Analysis)]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/twg/2017-04-20-twg-meeting/Attach_03.pdf Basin Hydrology and Operations]&lt;br /&gt;
*[[Media:Feb2017 OperationsCall.pdf| February 2017 Glen Canyon Montly Operational Coordination Call]]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/amwg/2017-02-15-amwg-meeting/Attach_05.pdf Basin Hydrology, and 2017-2018 Operations]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/amwg/2017-02-15-amwg-meeting/Attach_16.pdf Analysis of Water Losses and Impacts to the Grand Canyon Ecosystem of the &amp;quot;Fill Mead First&amp;quot; Proposal and PPT]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/twg/2017-01-26-twg-meeting/A6_Davidson.pdf Basin Hydrology, Operations and 2018 Hydrograph]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''2016'''&lt;br /&gt;
*[[Media:Aug2016 Information.pdf| August 2016 DOI-DOE Federal Family call on Glen Canyon Operations ]]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://qcnr.usu.edu/coloradoriver/news/wp1.php Fill Mead First – A Technical Assessment]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/amwg/2016-08-24-amwg-meeting/Attach_05.pdf Basin Hydrology and Water Year (WY) 2017 Hydrograph]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/amwg/2016-05-25-amwg-meeting/Attach_02.pdf Basin Hydrology, Operations, and 2017 Hydrograph]&lt;br /&gt;
*[[Media:2017 Hydrology PPT.pdf| TWG: Basin Hydrology, Operations, and 2017 Hydrograph]]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/amwg/2016-02-24-amwg-meeting/Attach_08.pdf Basin Hydrology, Operations, and 2017 Hydrograph]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/twg/2016-02-26-twg-meeting/Attach_03.pdf Glen Canyon Dam Operations During Equalization]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/twg/2016-02-26-twg-meeting/AR01_Topping.pdf Project 2: Streamflow,  Water Quality, Sediment Transport, and Sand Budgets in the Colorado River Ecosystem]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''2015'''&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://drive.google.com/file/d/0BwY-Z2c3NTUGMHhacTF4enJ1eGs/view 2016 Annual Operating Plan]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://drive.google.com/file/d/0BwY-Z2c3NTUGTU41NkhzUi1ZTTg/view California Drought Monitor]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://drive.google.com/file/d/0BwY-Z2c3NTUGOVVVUXFhZVBvNmM/view Lake Mead Issues and Lower Basin Shortage Preparedness]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://drive.google.com/file/d/0BwY-Z2c3NTUGbDNmN3FOeW05b3c/view Lake Mead Issues and Lower Basin Shortage Preparedness - Presentation]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://drive.google.com/file/d/0BwY-Z2c3NTUGbmRuSzRqVm5ydHc/view Basin Hydrology Operations, and 2016 Hydrograph]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/twg/2015-06-11-twg-meeting/Attach_04.pdf Basin Hydrology Operations, and 2016 Hydrograph]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://drive.google.com/file/d/0BwY-Z2c3NTUGMHhacTF4enJ1eGs/view 2016 Annual Operating Plan]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/amwg/2015-05-28-amwg-meeting/Attach_05.pdf Basin Hydrology and WY 2016 Hydrograph]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/twg/2015-04-21-twg-meeting/Attach_03.pdf Hydrology Update and 2016 Hydrograph]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/twg/2015-04-21-twg-meeting/Attach_07.pdf Water Quality in Lake Mead and Upstream Influences: Dissolved Oxygen during 2014] &lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/amwg/2015-02-25-amwg-meeting/Attach_02.pdf Basin Hydrology, Operations, and 2016 Hydrograph] &lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/amwg/2015-02-25-amwg-meeting/Attach_03a.pdf Panel on Current Projects and Issues in Utah]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/amwg/2015-02-25-amwg-meeting/Attach_03b.pdf Central Utah Project]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/amwg/2015-02-25-amwg-meeting/Attach_03c.pdf Meeting the Mitigation Requirement for the Bonneville Unit CUP]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/amwg/2015-02-25-amwg-meeting/Attach_03d.pdf Current Projects and Issues in Utah]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/amwg/2015-02-25-amwg-meeting/Attach_03e.pdf Provo Area Office]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''2014'''&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/twg/2014-10-28-twg-meeting/Attach_09.pdf Colorado River Annual Operating Plan and Drought Contingency Planning ]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/amwg/2014-08-27-amwg-meeting/Attach_02b.pdf DOI-DOE Hydrograph Development for Water Year 2015  ]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/amwg/2014-08-27-amwg-meeting/Attach_02a.pdf Basin Hydrology, Operations ] &lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/twg/2014-06-24-twg-meeting/Attach_06a.pdf Basin Hydrology, Operations, and 2015 Hydrograph ] &lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/amwg/2014-05-27-amwg-meeting/Attach_01.pdf Basin Hydrology, Operations, and 2015 Hydrograph and AIF: Development of Water Year 2015 Hydrograph ] &lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/amwg/2014-02-19-amwg-meeting/Attach_02.pdf Basin Hydrology, Operations, and 2015 Hydrograph ] &lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/amwg/2014-02-19-amwg-meeting/Attach_03a.pdf Panel on the Potential Effects of Long-Term Drought on Colorado River Operations ] &lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/amwg/2014-02-19-amwg-meeting/Attach_03b.pdf Near Term Risks: Options to Address Declining Reservoirs ] &lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/amwg/2014-02-19-amwg-meeting/Attach_03c.pdf State of Nevada Concerns ] &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''2013'''&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/amwg/2013-08-08-amwg-meeting/Attach_04.pdf Water Year 2014 Hydrograph ]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/amwg/2013-08-08-amwg-meeting/Attach_03.pdf Basin Hydrology and Operations ]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/twg/2013-06-26-twg-meeting/Attach_04.pdf Colorado River Basin Hydrology and Projected Glen Canyon Dam Operations ]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/twg/2013-06-26-twg-meeting/Attach_05a.pdf DOI/DOE FY14 Hydrograph ]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/twg/2013-06-26-twg-meeting/Attach_05b.pdf Approved FY14 Hydrograph ]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/amwg/2013-02-20-amwg-meeting/Attach_04.pdf Glen Canyon Dam Facility Management]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/amwg/2013-02-20-amwg-meeting/Attach_02.pdf Basin Hydrology and Operations]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/amwg/2013-02-20-amwg-meeting/Attach_03.pdf Colorado River Basin Water Supply and Demand Study]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/twg/2013-01-24-twg-meeting/Attach_05.pdf Executive Summary--Pre-Production Copy of the Colorado River Basin Water Supply and Demand Study]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/lc/region/programs/crbstudy/finalreport/index.html Colorado River Basin Water Study &amp;amp; Demand Study - Final Study Reports]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''2012'''&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/amwg/2012-08-29-amwg-meeting/Attach_03.pdf Basin Hydrology ]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/amwg/2012-08-29-amwg-meeting/Attach_06a.pdf Water Year 2013 Hydrograph ]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/amwg/2012-08-29-amwg-meeting/Attach_06b.pdf TWG Report: 2013 Hydrograph ]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/twg/2012-06-20-twg-meeting/Attach_04a.pdf DOI and DOE Operating Hydrograph Recommendations for GCD (2012 water year)]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/twg/2012-06-20-twg-meeting/Attach_04b.pdf Water Year 2013 Hydrograph TWG Motion ]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/amwg/2012-02-22-amwg-meeting/Attach_05.pdf 2013 Hydrograph Development ]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/twg/2012-02-02-twg-meeting/Attach_07.pdf FY2013 Hydrograph (from 8/2011 AMWG meeting)]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/amwg/2012-02-22-amwg-meeting/Attach_09.pdf Basin Hydrology and Operations ]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.gcmrc.gov/about/ka/KA%202%20-%2010-19-11/AM%20Talks/Grams%20Flow%20Temp%20Turbidity.pdf Flow Temp Turbidity ]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''2011'''&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/amwg/2011-08-24-amwg-meeting/Attach_09.pdf 2012 Hydrograph ]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/amwg/2011-08-24-amwg-meeting/Attach_08.pdf Basin Hydrology ]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/twg/2011-06-28-twg-meeting/Attach_06a.pdf 2012 Hydrograph Development ]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/twg/2011-06-28-twg-meeting/Attach_06b.pdf Department of the Interior and Department of Energy Operating Hydrograph Recommendations for Glen Canyon Dam (2012 Water Year), June 6, 2011]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/amwg/2011-05-18-amwg-meeting/Attach_03.pdf Basin Hydrology ]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/amwg/2011-05-18-amwg-meeting/Attach_10.pdf Secure Water Act Section 9503 (c) - Water and Climate Change]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/amwg/2011-05-18-amwg-meeting/Attach_04.pdf WY2012 Hydrograph Development ]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/twg/2011-03-08-twg-meeting/Attach_05a.pdf 2012 Hydrograph Development ]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/twg/2011-03-08-twg-meeting/Attach_05b.pdf Grand Canyon Trust Proposed FY2012 Hydrograph]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/twg/2011-01-20-twg-meeting/Attach_04a.pdf Bureau of Reclamation Updates ]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''2010'''&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/amwg/2010-08-24-amwg-meeting/Attach_07a.pdf Fiscal Year 2011-12 Hydrograph and E-mail Message to the AMWG from Anne Castle Dated July 23, 2010, Subject: July 23 Final Draft DOI-DOE Proposed Hydrograph Recommendations]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/amwg/2010-08-24-amwg-meeting/Attach_07b.pdf Department of the Interior and Department of the Energy Recommendations for Glen Canyon Dam with August 23, 2010, edits]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/amwg/2010-08-24-amwg-meeting/Attach_07c.pdf Grand Canyon Protection Act]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/amwg/2010-08-24-amwg-meeting/Attach_07d.pdf Report on Modeling the 2008-2010 Period to Support Development of the 2011 Hydrograph]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/amwg/2010-08-24-amwg-meeting/Attach_07e.pdf Proposed Water year 2011 Hydrograph: Impacts on CRSP Electric Power Resources]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/amwg/2010-08-24-amwg-meeting/Attach_07f.pdf Grand Canyon Trust Hydrograph Proposal]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/amwg/2010-08-24-amwg-meeting/Attach_06.pdf Basin Hydrology and Operations]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/amwg/2010-02-03-amwg-meeting/Attach_12.pdf Basin Hydrology and PPT]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/twg/2010-01-21-twg-meeting/Attach_03b.pdf Figure 1, AOP, BOR, AMWG monthly volumes]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''2009'''&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/amwg/2009-08-12-amwg-meeting/Attach_08a.pdf FY2010-11 Draft Budget, Workplan, and Hydrograph]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/amwg/2009-08-12-amwg-meeting/Attach_08b.pdf Basin Hydrology PPT]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/amwg/2009-04-29-amwg-meeting/Attach_11.pdf Basin Hydrology and PPT]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://www.riversimulator.org/Resources/AquaticResearch/MLFFfailureKorman2004.pdf ***DRAFT*** Evidence for the Failure of the Modified Low Fluctuating Flow Alternative (MLFFA) to Benefit Most Ecological Resources in Grand Canyon ]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2006/1243/pdf/of06-1243_508.pdf Hazel et al. 2006. Stage-Discharge Relations for the Colorado River in Glen, Marble, and Grand Canyons, Arizona: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2006-1243, 7 p]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/pp1677/pdf/pp1677.pdf Topping et al. 2003.  Computation and analysis of the instantaneous-discharge record for the Colorado River at Lees Ferry, Arizona, May 8, 1921 through September 30, 2000: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1677, 118 p.]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
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		<author><name>Cellsworth</name></author>	</entry>

	<entry>
		<id>http://gcdamp.com/index.php?title=TCD_Learning_Page&amp;diff=11299</id>
		<title>TCD Learning Page</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://gcdamp.com/index.php?title=TCD_Learning_Page&amp;diff=11299"/>
				<updated>2026-10-14T14:50:44Z</updated>
		
		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Cellsworth: &lt;/p&gt;
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== Temperature Control ==&lt;br /&gt;
Before Glen Canyon Dam was constructed, the natural flow cycle of the Colorado River included a seasonal warming trend in the late summer as the water temperature would increase from the near freezing winter temperature to approximately 85 degrees. Once the dam was constructed, the temperature of the water released downstream became relatively steady at between 45-50 degrees as water was drawn year round from the deep, fixed level penstock intakes (used for power production). Near the dam, these cold releases are tolerated by the trout fishery, but as this water moves downstream, it only warms to about 60 degrees which is not warm enough to allow endangered, native, warm water fish, such as the humpback chub, to reproduce in the mainstem of the Colorado River.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (FWS) issued a biological opinion in 1994, that recommended that temperature control modifications to the existing intake structures at the dam, be investigated by the Bureau of Reclamation (Reclamation). Temperature control modifications would allow for water to be drawn from different depths of the reservoir. Instead of only drawing water from the existing intake openings which are fairly deep and cold, the temperature control modifications would allow for water to be drawn from closer to the reservoir surface, which is much warmer. The goal would be to determine the right temperature combination of the cold and warmer water withdrawals to benefit the native endangered fish, while avoiding the possibility of encouraging competitors (non-native, warm-water fish) into the system. [https://www.usbr.gov/uc/rm/amp/tcd/]&lt;br /&gt;
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{|width=&amp;quot;100%&amp;quot; cellpadding=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; cellspacing=&amp;quot;5&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;vertical-align:top; background:#f5faff;&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
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===Warmer water===&lt;br /&gt;
*Increases native fish growth (and survival)&lt;br /&gt;
*Increases foodbase production and diversity&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Colder water===&lt;br /&gt;
*Decreases threat of nonnative fish proliferation&lt;br /&gt;
*Provides cold water to sustain the Lees Ferry trout fishery&lt;br /&gt;
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=='''Thermal Curtain'''==&lt;br /&gt;
Examples: Whiskeytown Reservoir, Lewiston Reservoir, Iron Gate Dam, Burrendong Dam. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
A thermal curtain is a type of selective withdrawal structure that can be installed on existing facilities without interrupting operations. Depending on how a thermal curtain is configured, they can be used to either increase or decrease release temperatures. The thermal curtain is constructed of a non-permeable material that is installed in the forebay of a reservoir. If cooler release temperatures are desired, the thermal curtain is configured to extend from the water’s surface down to the thermocline. This blocks the warmer, surface water from entering the dam’s intakes and being released downstream. If warmer release temperatures are desired, the thermal curtain is configured to extend from the thermocline down to the bottom of the reservoir. This blocks the colder, sub-surface water from entering the dam’s intakes and being released downstream. Thermal curtains can also be configured to cool water temperatures in the dam’s forebay to create a behavioral barrier to warmwater fish entrainment through the dam. Behavioral barriers are generally considered more effective than mechanical barriers (i.e. screens, nets, electrical fields, etc.) in reducing fish entrainment. Thermal curtains have been successfully deployed in both warm-water and cold-water configurations. Initial modeling has suggested a thermal curtain installed at Glen Canyon Dam could reduce water temperatures in the forebay and lower release temperatures enough to reach downstream temperature targets without the need of bypass. This potentially resolves issues associated with reduced hydropower generation and impacts to the Basin Fund, which is needed to fund the operations and maintenance of the CRSP system, while also reducing warm-water fish entrainment and providing increased control of release temperatures to meet downstream biological goals.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Image:GlenCanyonThermalCurtain3d.jpg|thumb|center|400px|Depiction of a thermal curtain in the forebay above Glen Canyon Dam‎]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Image:Thermal Curtain coldwater.png|thumb|center|400px|‎A thermal curtain configured to cool dam releases]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Image:Thermal Curtain warmwater.png|thumb|center|400px|A thermal curtain configured to warm dam releases]]&lt;br /&gt;
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=='''Temperature Control Device (TCD)''' ==&lt;br /&gt;
Examples: Flaming Gorge Dam, Shasta Dam, Folsom Dam, Jordanelle Dam, Hungry Horse Dam, Cougar Dam, Applegate Lake. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
A selective temperature withdrawal system is a rigid steel structures on the upstream face of the dam to enclose the penstock intakes (Svoboda 2020). Selective temperature withdrawal systems can be new external-frame structures that are attached to the dam or retrofit modifications to existing dam features, such as adding gates to the trash rack structure around the penstock intakes (Svoboda 2020). A previous selective temperature withdrawal system has been considered for the Glen Canyon Dam in the early 2007-2008 (Vermeyen 2011). Earlier proposals for the selective temperature withdrawal system were focused on warming downstream releases but the design was never finished. &lt;br /&gt;
  &lt;br /&gt;
[[Image:HungryHorseTCD.png|thumb|center|400px|‎Design of the TCD at Hungry Horse Dam]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Image:GlenCanyonTCD.png|thumb|center|400px|‎Depiction of a two unit TCD at Glen Canyon Dam]]&lt;br /&gt;
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=='''Destratification: (Bubblers, Pumps, etc.)'''==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Mixing thermal strata in the Glen Canyon Dam forebay that results in substantial cooling during times of otherwise warm water releases (typically summer through fall) is likely to reduce or eliminate smallmouth bass spawning in the mainstem Colorado River below the dam. Also, mixing thermal strata in the Glen Canyon Dam forebay and cooling the water would likely reduce the number of warmwater nonnative fish present in the forebay, including smallmouth bass. Smallmouth bass would likely move out of the area to seek warmer waters (Carter et al., 2012) such as the shallow, littoral habitat found in nearby Wahweap Bay. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Image:BubblePlume.jpg|thumb|center|400px|Depiction of a bubble plume destratifying the forebay at Glen Canyon Dam]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Image:DraftTubePump.jpg|thumb|center|400px|‎Depiction of a pump and draft tube destratifying the forebay at Glen Canyon Dam]]&lt;br /&gt;
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=='''Floating Pumping Platform or Trunnion Cold Water Withdrawal'''==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Two different modifications are being suggested as direct piping of cold water to the intake. One proposed solution came from a 2020 technology search by yet2 sponsored by the Bureau of Reclamation focused on new technologies to control water temperature of reservoir release flows. This proposed solution would be a floating pumping platform that could be placed into the forebay to pump water at a fixed or variable water depth directly to the intake of the penstock (Makai Ocean Engineering; Figure 1). Difference variations for this model could range from several pumping stations suppling cold water to the penstocks or only a selective few of penstocks. A second proposed solution would be Trunnion cold water withdrawal. The idea behind this system is that a pipe is hinged and sealed at the intake to bring in cold water (Sherman 2000; Figure 2). For both suggestions, the theory is that enough cold water could be mixed in the penstock to reduce temperatures discharging from the dam.&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
[[Image:Trunnion.jpg|thumb|center|400px|‎Depiction of a trunnion attached to the face of Glen Canyon Dam]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=='''[https://gcdamp.com/index.php/SEIS_Bypass_Releases Bypass]'''==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
This is a continuation of current operations at Glen Canyon Dam developed as part of the Smallmouth Bass Supplemental Environmental Impact Statement (SEIS). The SEIS was finalized in June of 2024 and the Record of Decision was signed and implemented in July 2024. There are 5 possible options for Glen Canyon Dam releases to keep water temperatures at river mile 61 in Grand Canyon at or below 15.5°C. For a more complete summary and discussion of flow alternatives, please refer to the Final SEIS (Bureau of Reclamation, 2024) or see the [https://gcdamp.com/index.php/SEIS_Bypass_Releases the page for the SEIS Bypass Releases]. &lt;br /&gt;
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*[http://www.usbr.gov/uc/rm/amp/tcd// Reclamation's TCD Page]&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://gcdamp.com/index.php?title=TEMPERATURE Temperature Page]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://gcdamp.com/index.php/Entrainment Entrainment Page]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.pacificorp.com/content/dam/pcorp/documents/en/pacificorp/energy/hydro/klamath-river/khsa-implementation/technical-documents/2021-05-21_2019-Intake-Barrier-Curtain-Report-Combined.pdf Final Report for the Thermal Curtain application at Iron Gate Dam, California from 2016-2018]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
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'''2025'''&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/amwg/2025-08-21-amwg-meeting/uc-gcdamp-amwg-thermalcurtainupdate-508-20250821.pdf Thermal Curtain Update]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''2024'''&lt;br /&gt;
*[[Media:Glen_Canyon_Fish_Escapement_Appraisal_Report_05.2024_FINAL.pdf | Wagner and Svoboda. 2024. Glen Canyon Fish Escapement Appraisal Report (Final)]]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/twg/2024-10-30-twg-meeting/20241030-HydroacousticThermalCurtainUpdate-508-AMWQD.pdf Hydroacoustic and Thermal Curtain Update]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/twg/2024-01-25-twg-meeting/20240125-TWGMeeting-ThermalCurtainExclusionNet-508-UCRO.pdf Thermal Curtain/Exclusion Net ]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''2021'''&lt;br /&gt;
*[[Media:Pennock-Gido2021 SpatialAndTemporalDynamicsOfFishInLakePowell.pdf| Pennock and Gido. 2021. Spatial and temporal dynamics of fish assemblages in a desert reservoir (Lake Powell) over 38 years. Hydrobiologia]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''2018'''&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/twg/2018-10-10-twg-meeting/Attach_01.pdf Temperature Control Device Update PPT]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/amwg/2018-08-22-amwg-meeting/Attach_03_rev.pdf Temperature Control Device Update PPT]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/twg/2018-04-23-twg-meeting/Attach_13.pdf The 21st Century Colorado River Hot Drought and Implications for the Future PPT]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''Older presentations'''&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/amwg/2010-08-24-amwg-meeting/Attach_12a.pdf 100824_AMWG Meeting- Attachment 12.a]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/amwg/2001-04-12-amwg-meeting/Attach_08a.pdf TCD PowerPoint Presentation_April 2001 AMWG]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/amwg/2001-04-12-amwg-meeting/Attach_08b.pdf TCD Summary_April 2001 AMWG]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/amwg/2001-01-11-amwg-meeting/Attach_20.pdf TCD Workshop Update - PowerPoint Presentation_Jan 2001 AMWG]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/amwg/2000-01-20-amwg-meeting/Attach_13.pdf TCD Monitoring Presentation_Jan 2000 AMWG]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/amwg/1997-09-10-amwg-meeting/Attach_10.pdf Temperature Control Device Update_Sept. 1997 AMWG]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
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In the late 1990s, Reclamation investigated the potential for a temperature control device to increase release temperatures following a prolonged period of cool water releases from GCD. A final design for a warm water temperature control device on two of the eight penstocks was completed in 2007 with a cost estimate of $71 million.  Following the 2016 Long Term Experimental and Management Plan Environmental Impact Statement (LTEMP EIS), Reclamation committed to continued investigations of a temperature control device and fish escapement options.  The following is a chronology of the studies and reports related to temperature control and fish exclusion at Glen Canyon Dam:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''Phase 1: A Warm-Water Temperature Control Device (TCD)'''&lt;br /&gt;
*1997: Value Planning Study (Reclamation 1997a)&lt;br /&gt;
*1997: Feasibility Study (Reclamation 1997b)&lt;br /&gt;
*1999: Draft Environmental Assessment (Reclamation 1999)&lt;br /&gt;
*1999: Physical Model Study (Vermeyen 1999)&lt;br /&gt;
*2000-2004:  Reservoir Modeling of Selective Withdrawal Options (Cole and Wells 2003)&lt;br /&gt;
*2003: Survey of Selective Withdrawal Systems (Vermeyen et al 2003)&lt;br /&gt;
*2004-2006: Feasibility Studies to investigate a wider range of withdrawal capacity.&lt;br /&gt;
*2005: Economics of TCD Operation on Hydropower Revenues&lt;br /&gt;
*2006: Value Engineering Study&lt;br /&gt;
*2006: Constructability Review (Reclamation 2006a)&lt;br /&gt;
*2006: Design, Estimating and Construction Review&lt;br /&gt;
*2006-2007:  Final Design (Reclamation 2007)&lt;br /&gt;
*2008:  USFWS Biological Opinion identified concerns with nonnative fish expansion and having a TCD that could only release warm water (USFWS 2008)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''Phase 2: A Warm/Cold-Water TCD That Also Reduces Fish Entrainment'''&lt;br /&gt;
*2016: LTEMP EIS Biological Opinion - Reclamation to explore efficacy of TCD and means to prevent fish passage (USFWS 2016)&lt;br /&gt;
*2020: Review of Temperature Control Options for Reservoir Release Flows (Svoboda, 2020) &lt;br /&gt;
*2020: Technology Search to seek all ways that water temperature is controlled in any industry that may be applicable to dams (yet2 2020)&lt;br /&gt;
*2022: Glen Canyon Dam Fish Escapement Options (Svoboda, 2022) &lt;br /&gt;
*2022-2024: USU Entrainment Study&lt;br /&gt;
*2024: Glen Canyon Dam Fish Escapement Appraisal Study (Wagner and Svoboda 2024)&lt;br /&gt;
*2024: LTEMP SEIS – includes flow options for using bypass to cool river below Glen Canyon Dam&lt;br /&gt;
*2024: Value Planning Study&lt;br /&gt;
*2024-2025: PNNL Biofouling Study&lt;br /&gt;
*2026-2028: RCS evaluation of a thermal curtain (DOE grant)&lt;br /&gt;
*End of year 2029: Reclamation completes an Appraisal Level Design of a thermal curtain in the forebay and a temperature control device on Glen Canyon Dam (Post-2026 BiOp) &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
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Many scientists and the FWS believe the ability to increase the dam's discharge temperature is a key element in the recovery of native fish near the Little Colorado River. Reclamation has prepared an Environmental Assessment (EA), with subsequent peer review, on the proposed temperature control modifications and its potential impacts. The [https://www.usbr.gov/uc/rm/amp/tcd/pdfs/pr_ea.pdf peer review], completed April 1999 and the [https://www.usbr.gov/uc/rm/amp/tcd/pdfs/ea_draft.pdf draft Plan and EA], completed January 1999, are available for on-line viewing and as a download for off-line viewing ([ftp://ftp.usbr.gov/uc/anon/envprog/ro/amp/eapr_16.zip download]). (Online viewing is NOT recommended for slow 56/28.8KB) connections). Based on an open, public review of the EA and further consultation with the FWS, Reclamation will decide whether or not to proceed with the $15 million modification. Construction may start as soon as FY-2000 and would be completed in approximately two years. Post construction testing would be accomplished by the Grand Canyon Monitoring and Research Center and Adaptive Management Work Group.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Temperature controls have already been installed on several other dams including: Flaming Gorge, Shasta, Hungry Horse, and Jordanelle Dams. Flaming Gorge Dam on the Green River (a tributary to the Colorado River) is another major dam on the Colorado River Storage Project system, of which Glen Canyon Dam is the key storage unit. Located upstream of Glen Canyon Dam, Flaming Gorge Dam's intake structures were modified with temperature controls in 1978. The result of these controls has been a remarkable positive impact on the river system below the dam. Trout growth rates immediately below the dam increased significantly in response to the warmer water. At the same time, native fish are also doing better downstream, near the Yampa River. Documents concerning the temperature control device are available for your review include:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/envdocs/reports/TCD_ScopingRpt.pdf Scoping Report for the Glen Canyon Dam Proposed Temperature Control Device Environmental Assessment]&lt;br /&gt;
*Application of the BETTER Model to Lake Powell by Technical Service Center, Bureau of Reclamation, Denver, Colorado. We provide the option to view this document [https://www.usbr.gov/uc/rm/amp/tcd/pdfs/papr99112.pdf online] or [ftp://ftp.usbr.gov/uc/anon/envprog/ro/amp/gcdtc_model.zip download] (recommended) the file (PDF).&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/rm/amp/tcd/pdfs/tcdplan10.pdf Draft Science Plan] to Accompany Environmental Assessment for a Temperature Control Device for Glen Canyon Dam by Grand Canyon Monitoring and Research Center, Flagstaff, Arizona. [https://www.usbr.gov/uc/rm/amp/tcd/]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The [https://www.usbr.gov/uc/rm/amp/tcd/pdfs/workshop.pdf Summary of Findings] from the TCD Workshop held on January 22-24, 2001, is now available.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[File:Biological Issues with TCD- PIC.jpg|thumb|center|400px|[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/amwg/2001-04-12-amwg-meeting/Attach_08a.pdf https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/amwg/2001-04-12-amwg-meeting/Attach_08a.pdf] ]]&lt;br /&gt;
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Adding generation to the bypass tubes would allow the bypass tubes to essentially be used as a cold-water TCD.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
*[[Media:Generation at Outlet Glen Canyon Dam Plan of Study CRSP Power Peaking Capacity (March 1981).pdf|Generation at Outlet Glen Canyon Dam Plan of Study CRSP Power Peaking Capacity (March 1981)]]&lt;br /&gt;
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		<author><name>Cellsworth</name></author>	</entry>

	<entry>
		<id>http://gcdamp.com/index.php?title=Entrainment&amp;diff=11298</id>
		<title>Entrainment</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://gcdamp.com/index.php?title=Entrainment&amp;diff=11298"/>
				<updated>2026-10-13T20:23:59Z</updated>
		
		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Cellsworth: &lt;/p&gt;
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==Entrainment of warmwater nonnative fish through Glen Canyon Dam==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The rate of entrainment is dependent on the season, reservoir elevation, and thermocline depth. &amp;lt;br&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Smallmouth bass are less susceptible to entrainment in the winter because they are largely absent from the forebay at that time of year. As Lake Powell warms in the spring and summer, smallmouth bass move from the shallow bays into the mainstem areas of the reservoir [https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1304&amp;amp;context=etd2023 (1)]. Additionally, as the reservoir elevations decline and the thermocline reaches penstock elevation, fish are brought into closer proximity to the intakes of the dam which increases the risk of entrainment [https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1304&amp;amp;context=etd2023 (2)]. Also, in years with large inflows, the thermocline can reach deeper into the reservoir which also brings fish into closer proximity to the intakes and increases the risk of entrainment [https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1304&amp;amp;context=etd2023 (3)], [[Media:Eppehimer_etal_2025_Declining_res_elevations_non-native_fish_passage_CJFAS.pdf|(4)]].  &amp;lt;br&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
How do you know if you are entraining smallmouth bass through the dam? Since smallmouth bass typically stay above the thermocline, any release when the thermocline is at or below penstock level is likely to be entraining bass and, as a gage, the warmer the release the higher the rate of entrainment. &amp;lt;br&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Recommendation: Keep reservoir elevations higher during the spring, summer, and fall when smallmouth bass are more susceptible to entrainment or find some way to cool the forebay to keep smallmouth bass away from the dam (see the [https://gcdamp.com/index.php/TCD_Learning_Page Temperature Control page]). &amp;lt;br&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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Maintaining Lake Powell elevations above 3590 ft would likely minimize entrainment from the reservoir and create downstream conditions that minimize smallmouth bass population growth. &amp;lt;br&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
Smallmouth bass entrainment is predicted to increase with decreasing reservoir elevation until 3490 ft (minimum power pool), after which the dam switches to deeper river outlets which will lower entrainment. The rate of entrainment increases dramatically as reservoir elevation declines below 3530 ft. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Recommendation: Keep reservoir elevations above 3530 ft with an optimal target above 3590 ft. [[Media:Eppehimer_etal_2025_Declining_res_elevations_non-native_fish_passage_CJFAS.pdf|(1)]] &lt;br /&gt;
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[[Image:EntrainmentRate.jpg|center|600px| ]] &lt;br /&gt;
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The entrainment risk is reduced in the winter because smallmouth bass are located in shallower warmer water like in Wahweap Bay. The entrainment risk is higher in the summer because smallmouth bass are located in the forebay. &amp;lt;br&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Lower reservoir elevations result in a higher entrainment risk because smallmouth bass are found nearer to the penstock withdrawals.&lt;br /&gt;
*At elevations of 3543 ft, the risk of entrainment occurs in 95% of the traces evaluated  &lt;br /&gt;
*At elevations of 3621 ft, the risk of entrainment occurs in only 5% of the traces evaluated&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Recommendation: Keep reservoir elevations higher during the spring, summer, and fall when smallmouth bass are more susceptible to entrainment with a minimum target of 3543 ft and and an optimal target above 3621 ft. [https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1304&amp;amp;context=etd2023] &lt;br /&gt;
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*[https://gcdamp.com/index.php/TCD_Learning_Page Temperature Control Page]&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://gcdamp.com/index.php?title=Smallmouth_Bass_Page Smallmouth Bass Page]&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://gcdamp.com/index.php?title=Green_Sunfish_Page Green Sunfish Page]&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://gcdamp.com/index.php?title=Striped_Bass_Page Striped Bass Page]&lt;br /&gt;
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*[[Media:Eppehimer_etal_2025_Declining_res_elevations_non-native_fish_passage_CJFAS.pdf|Eppehimer et al., 2025, Declining reservoir elevations following a two-decade drought increase water temperatures and non-native fish passage facilitating a downstream invasion: Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences]] &lt;br /&gt;
*[https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1304&amp;amp;context=etd2023 Friesen, Barrett T., &amp;quot;Invasion Potential of Nonnative Fishes Through a Large Western Dam Into a Prized and Vulnerable Ecosystem&amp;quot; (2024). All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Fall 2023 to Present. 288. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd2023/288 ]&lt;br /&gt;
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'''2026'''&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/amwg/2026-02-26-amwg-meeting/uc-gcdamp-amwg-temperaturecontrol-508-20260226.pdf Temperature Control and Entrainment Prevention]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''2024'''&lt;br /&gt;
*[[Media:Glen_Canyon_Fish_Escapement_Appraisal_Report_05.2024_FINAL.pdf | Wagner and Svoboda. 2024. Glen Canyon Fish Escapement Appraisal Report (Final)]]&lt;br /&gt;
*[[Media:2024_GCD_Turbine_Outflow_Progress_Report.docx|Glen Canyon Dam Turbine Outflow Tucker Trawl Netting - 2024 Progress Report ]]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/twg/2024-01-25-twg-meeting/20240125-TWGMeeting-HydroacousticMonitoring-508-UCRO.pdf Hydroacoustic Monitoring ]&lt;br /&gt;
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'''2023'''&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/twg/2023-11-08-twg-meeting/20231108-NonnativeFishDistributionLakePowellForebay-508-UCRO.pdf Characterizing the fish assemblage in the Lake Powell forebay and identifying the potential for nonnative fish escapement into the Lower Colorado River ]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/twg/2023-04-13-twg-meeting/20230413-HydroacousticFishDistributionLakePowell-508-UCRO.pdf Hydroacoustic Fish Distribution]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/twg/2023-04-13-twg-meeting/20230413-CharacterizingFishAssemblageLakePowellForebay-508-UCRO.pdf Characterizing the fish assemblage in the Lake Powell forebay and identifying the potential for nonnative fish escapement into the Lower Colorado River]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/amwg/2023-02-16-amwg-meeting/20230216-GlenCanyonDamFishExclusionProjectOverview-508-UCRO.pdf Glen Canyon Dam Fish Exclusion: Project Overview]&lt;br /&gt;
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'''2022'''&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/twg/2022-10-13-twg-meeting/20221013-GlenCanyonDamFishEscapementOptions-508-UCRO.pdf Svoboda. 2022. Glen Canyon Dam Fish Escapement Report (Final)]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/amwg/2022-08-18-amwg-meeting/20220818-GlenCanyonDamFishEscapementOptions-508-UCRO.pdf Glen Canyon Dam Fish Escapement Options ]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/twg/2022-10-13-twg-meeting/20221013-HydroacousticFishDistribution-508-UCRO.pdf Hydroacoustic Fish Distribution ]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/twg/2022-06-16-twg-meeting/20220616-CharacterizingFishAssemblageLakePowellForebay-508-UCRO.pdf Characterizing the fish assemblage of the Lake Powell forebay: identifying the potential for nonnative fish escapement through Glen Canyon Dam and into the lower Colorado River ]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/twg/2022-04-13-twg-meeting/20220413-HydroacousticFishDistributionLakePowell2022-Presentation-508-UCRO.pdf Hydroacoustic Fish Distribution - Lake Powell 2022 ]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/twg/2022-04-13-twg-meeting/20220413-CharacterizinFishAssemblageLakePowellForebay-Presentation-508-UCRO.pdf Characterizing the fish assemblage of the Lake Powell forebay: identifying the potential for nonnative fish escapement through Glen Canyon Dam and into the lower Colorado River ]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/twg/2022-04-13-twg-meeting/20220413-TWGMeeting-FinalMinutes-508-UCRO.pdf Glen Canyon Fish Escapement Options ]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''2021'''&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/twg/2021-10-14-twg-meeting/20211014-ExistingPlannedMonitoringNon-NativeAquaticSpeciesLakePowellBelowGlenCanyonDam-Presentation-508-UCRO.pdf Existing and Planned Monitoring of Non-Native Aquatic Species in Lake Powell and Below Glen Canyon Dam]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/twg/2021-10-14-twg-meeting/20211014-LakePowellFishMonitoringStudy2021-2024-Presentation-508-UCRO.pdf Lake Powell Fish Monitoring Study 2021 -2024 ]&lt;br /&gt;
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		<author><name>Cellsworth</name></author>	</entry>

	<entry>
		<id>http://gcdamp.com/index.php?title=Entrainment&amp;diff=11297</id>
		<title>Entrainment</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://gcdamp.com/index.php?title=Entrainment&amp;diff=11297"/>
				<updated>2026-10-13T20:22:39Z</updated>
		
		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Cellsworth: &lt;/p&gt;
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==Entrainment of warmwater nonnative fish through Glen Canyon Dam==&lt;br /&gt;
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The rate of entrainment is dependent on the season, reservoir elevation, and thermocline depth. &amp;lt;br&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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Smallmouth bass are less susceptible to entrainment in the winter because they are largely absent from the forebay at that time of year. As Lake Powell warms in the spring and summer, smallmouth bass move from the shallow bays into the mainstem areas of the reservoir [https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1304&amp;amp;context=etd2023 (1)]. Additionally, as the reservoir elevations decline and the thermocline reaches penstock elevation, fish are brought into closer proximity to the intakes of the dam which increases the risk of entrainment [https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1304&amp;amp;context=etd2023 (2)]. Also, in years with large inflows, the thermocline can reach deeper into the reservoir which also brings fish into closer proximity to the intakes and increases the risk of entrainment [https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1304&amp;amp;context=etd2023 (3)], [[Media:Eppehimer_etal_2025_Declining_res_elevations_non-native_fish_passage_CJFAS.pdf|(4)]].  &amp;lt;br&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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How do you know if you are entraining smallmouth bass through the dam? Since smallmouth bass typically stay above the thermocline, any release when the thermocline is at or below penstock level is likely to be entraining bass and, as a gage, the warmer the release the higher the rate of entrainment. &amp;lt;br&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Recommendation: Keep reservoir elevations higher during the spring, summer, and fall when smallmouth bass are more susceptible to entrainment or find some way to cool the forebay to keep smallmouth bass away from the dam (see the [https://gcdamp.com/index.php/TCD_Learning_Page Temperature Control page]). &amp;lt;br&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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{|width=&amp;quot;100%&amp;quot; cellpadding=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; cellspacing=&amp;quot;5&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;vertical-align:top; background:#f5faff;&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
! &amp;lt;h2 style=&amp;quot;margin:0; background:#cedff2; font-size:120%; font-weight:bold; border:1px solid #a3bfb1; text-align:left; color:#000; padding:0.2em 0.4em;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;[[Media:Eppehimer_etal_2025_Declining_res_elevations_non-native_fish_passage_CJFAS.pdf|Eppehimer et al., 2025, Declining reservoir elevations following a two-decade drought increase water temperatures and non-native fish passage facilitating a downstream invasion: Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences]] &lt;br /&gt;
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Maintaining Lake Powell elevations above 3590 ft would likely minimize entrainment from the reservoir and create downstream conditions that minimize smallmouth bass population growth. &amp;lt;br&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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Smallmouth bass entrainment is predicted to increase with decreasing reservoir elevation until 3490 ft (minimum power pool), after which the dam switches to deeper river outlets which will lower entrainment. The rate of entrainment increases dramatically as reservoir elevation declines below 3530 ft. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Recommendation: Keep reservoir elevations above 3530 ft with an optimal target above 3590 ft. [[Media:Eppehimer_etal_2025_Declining_res_elevations_non-native_fish_passage_CJFAS.pdf|(1)]] &lt;br /&gt;
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[[Image:EntrainmentRate.jpg|center|600px| ]] &lt;br /&gt;
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The entrainment risk is reduced in the winter because smallmouth bass are located in shallower warmer water like in Wahweap Bay. The entrainment risk is higher in the summer because smallmouth bass are located in the forebay. &amp;lt;br&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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Lower reservoir elevations result in a higher entrainment risk because smallmouth bass are found nearer to the penstock withdrawals.&lt;br /&gt;
*At elevations of 3543 ft, the risk of entrainment occurs in 95% of the traces evaluated  &lt;br /&gt;
*At elevations of 3621 ft, the risk of entrainment occurs in only 5% of the traces evaluated&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Recommendation: Keep reservoir elevations higher during the spring, summer, and fall when smallmouth bass are more susceptible to entrainment with a minimum target of 3543 ft and and an optimal target above 3621 ft. [https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1304&amp;amp;context=etd2023] &lt;br /&gt;
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*[https://gcdamp.com/index.php/TCD_Learning_Page Temperature Control Page]&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://gcdamp.com/index.php?title=Smallmouth_Bass_Page Smallmouth Bass Page]&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://gcdamp.com/index.php?title=Green_Sunfish_Page Green Sunfish Page]&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://gcdamp.com/index.php?title=Striped_Bass_Page Striped Bass Page]&lt;br /&gt;
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*[[Media:Eppehimer_etal_2025_Declining_res_elevations_non-native_fish_passage_CJFAS.pdf|Eppehimer et al., 2025, Declining reservoir elevations following a two-decade drought increase water temperatures and non-native fish passage facilitating a downstream invasion: Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences]] &lt;br /&gt;
*[https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1304&amp;amp;context=etd2023 Friesen, Barrett T., &amp;quot;Invasion Potential of Nonnative Fishes Through a Large Western Dam Into a Prized and Vulnerable Ecosystem&amp;quot; (2024). All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Fall 2023 to Present. 288. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd2023/288 ]&lt;br /&gt;
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! &amp;lt;h2 style=&amp;quot;margin:0; background:#cedff2; font-size:120%; font-weight:bold; border:1px solid #a3b0bf; text-align:left; color:#000; padding:0.2em 0.4em;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;Presentations and Papers&amp;lt;/h2&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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'''2026'''&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/amwg/2026-02-26-amwg-meeting/uc-gcdamp-amwg-temperaturecontrol-508-20260226.pdf Temperature Control and Entrainment Prevention]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''2024'''&lt;br /&gt;
*[[Media:Glen_Canyon_Fish_Escapement_Appraisal_Report_05.2024_FINAL.pdf | Wagner and Svoboda. 2024. Glen Canyon Fish Escapement Appraisal Report (Final)]]&lt;br /&gt;
*[[Media:2024_GCD_Turbine_Outflow_Progress_Report.docx|Glen Canyon Dam Turbine Outflow Tucker Trawl Netting - 2024 Progress Report ]]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/twg/2024-01-25-twg-meeting/20240125-TWGMeeting-HydroacousticMonitoring-508-UCRO.pdf Hydroacoustic Monitoring ]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''2023'''&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/twg/2023-11-08-twg-meeting/20231108-NonnativeFishDistributionLakePowellForebay-508-UCRO.pdf Characterizing the fish assemblage in the Lake Powell forebay and identifying the potential for nonnative fish escapement into the Lower Colorado River ]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/twg/2023-04-13-twg-meeting/20230413-HydroacousticFishDistributionLakePowell-508-UCRO.pdf Hydroacoustic Fish Distribution]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/twg/2023-04-13-twg-meeting/20230413-CharacterizingFishAssemblageLakePowellForebay-508-UCRO.pdf Characterizing the fish assemblage in the Lake Powell forebay and identifying the potential for nonnative fish escapement into the Lower Colorado River]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/amwg/2023-02-16-amwg-meeting/20230216-GlenCanyonDamFishExclusionProjectOverview-508-UCRO.pdf Glen Canyon Dam Fish Exclusion: Project Overview]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''2022'''&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/twg/2022-10-13-twg-meeting/20221013-HydroacousticFishDistribution-508-UCRO.pdf Hydroacoustic Fish Distribution ]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/amwg/2022-08-18-amwg-meeting/20220818-GlenCanyonDamFishEscapementOptions-508-UCRO.pdf Glen Canyon Dam Fish Escapement Options ]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/twg/2022-10-13-twg-meeting/20221013-GlenCanyonDamFishEscapementOptions-508-UCRO.pdf Glen Canyon Dam Fish Escapement Report]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/twg/2022-06-16-twg-meeting/20220616-CharacterizingFishAssemblageLakePowellForebay-508-UCRO.pdf Characterizing the fish assemblage of the Lake Powell forebay: identifying the potential for nonnative fish escapement through Glen Canyon Dam and into the lower Colorado River ]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/twg/2022-04-13-twg-meeting/20220413-HydroacousticFishDistributionLakePowell2022-Presentation-508-UCRO.pdf Hydroacoustic Fish Distribution - Lake Powell 2022 ]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/twg/2022-04-13-twg-meeting/20220413-CharacterizinFishAssemblageLakePowellForebay-Presentation-508-UCRO.pdf Characterizing the fish assemblage of the Lake Powell forebay: identifying the potential for nonnative fish escapement through Glen Canyon Dam and into the lower Colorado River ]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/twg/2022-04-13-twg-meeting/20220413-TWGMeeting-FinalMinutes-508-UCRO.pdf Glen Canyon Fish Escapement Options ]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''2021'''&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/twg/2021-10-14-twg-meeting/20211014-ExistingPlannedMonitoringNon-NativeAquaticSpeciesLakePowellBelowGlenCanyonDam-Presentation-508-UCRO.pdf Existing and Planned Monitoring of Non-Native Aquatic Species in Lake Powell and Below Glen Canyon Dam]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/twg/2021-10-14-twg-meeting/20211014-LakePowellFishMonitoringStudy2021-2024-Presentation-508-UCRO.pdf Lake Powell Fish Monitoring Study 2021 -2024 ]&lt;br /&gt;
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		<author><name>Cellsworth</name></author>	</entry>

	<entry>
		<id>http://gcdamp.com/index.php?title=TCD_Learning_Page&amp;diff=11296</id>
		<title>TCD Learning Page</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://gcdamp.com/index.php?title=TCD_Learning_Page&amp;diff=11296"/>
				<updated>2026-10-13T20:19:22Z</updated>
		
		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Cellsworth: &lt;/p&gt;
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== Temperature Control ==&lt;br /&gt;
Before Glen Canyon Dam was constructed, the natural flow cycle of the Colorado River included a seasonal warming trend in the late summer as the water temperature would increase from the near freezing winter temperature to approximately 85 degrees. Once the dam was constructed, the temperature of the water released downstream became relatively steady at between 45-50 degrees as water was drawn year round from the deep, fixed level penstock intakes (used for power production). Near the dam, these cold releases are tolerated by the trout fishery, but as this water moves downstream, it only warms to about 60 degrees which is not warm enough to allow endangered, native, warm water fish, such as the humpback chub, to reproduce in the mainstem of the Colorado River.&lt;br /&gt;
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The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (FWS) issued a biological opinion in 1994, that recommended that temperature control modifications to the existing intake structures at the dam, be investigated by the Bureau of Reclamation (Reclamation). Temperature control modifications would allow for water to be drawn from different depths of the reservoir. Instead of only drawing water from the existing intake openings which are fairly deep and cold, the temperature control modifications would allow for water to be drawn from closer to the reservoir surface, which is much warmer. The goal would be to determine the right temperature combination of the cold and warmer water withdrawals to benefit the native endangered fish, while avoiding the possibility of encouraging competitors (non-native, warm-water fish) into the system. [https://www.usbr.gov/uc/rm/amp/tcd/]&lt;br /&gt;
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===Warmer water===&lt;br /&gt;
*Increases native fish growth (and survival)&lt;br /&gt;
*Increases foodbase production and diversity&lt;br /&gt;
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===Colder water===&lt;br /&gt;
*Decreases threat of nonnative fish proliferation&lt;br /&gt;
*Provides cold water to sustain the Lees Ferry trout fishery&lt;br /&gt;
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=='''Thermal Curtain'''==&lt;br /&gt;
Examples: Whiskeytown Reservoir, Lewiston Reservoir, Iron Gate Dam, Burrendong Dam. &lt;br /&gt;
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A thermal curtain is a type of selective withdrawal structure that can be installed on existing facilities without interrupting operations. Depending on how a thermal curtain is configured, they can be used to either increase or decrease release temperatures. The thermal curtain is constructed of a non-permeable material that is installed in the forebay of a reservoir. If cooler release temperatures are desired, the thermal curtain is configured to extend from the water’s surface down to the thermocline. This blocks the warmer, surface water from entering the dam’s intakes and being released downstream. If warmer release temperatures are desired, the thermal curtain is configured to extend from the thermocline down to the bottom of the reservoir. This blocks the colder, sub-surface water from entering the dam’s intakes and being released downstream. Thermal curtains can also be configured to cool water temperatures in the dam’s forebay to create a behavioral barrier to warmwater fish entrainment through the dam. Behavioral barriers are generally considered more effective than mechanical barriers (i.e. screens, nets, electrical fields, etc.) in reducing fish entrainment. Thermal curtains have been successfully deployed in both warm-water and cold-water configurations. Initial modeling has suggested a thermal curtain installed at Glen Canyon Dam could reduce water temperatures in the forebay and lower release temperatures enough to reach downstream temperature targets without the need of bypass. This potentially resolves issues associated with reduced hydropower generation and impacts to the Basin Fund, which is needed to fund the operations and maintenance of the CRSP system, while also reducing warm-water fish entrainment and providing increased control of release temperatures to meet downstream biological goals.&lt;br /&gt;
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[[Image:GlenCanyonThermalCurtain3d.jpg|thumb|center|400px|Depiction of a thermal curtain in the forebay above Glen Canyon Dam‎]]&lt;br /&gt;
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[[Image:Thermal Curtain coldwater.png|thumb|center|400px|‎A thermal curtain configured to cool dam releases]]&lt;br /&gt;
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[[Image:Thermal Curtain warmwater.png|thumb|center|400px|A thermal curtain configured to warm dam releases]]&lt;br /&gt;
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=='''Temperature Control Device (TCD)''' ==&lt;br /&gt;
Examples: Flaming Gorge Dam, Shasta Dam, Folsom Dam, Jordanelle Dam, Hungry Horse Dam, Cougar Dam, Applegate Lake. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
A selective temperature withdrawal system is a rigid steel structures on the upstream face of the dam to enclose the penstock intakes (Svoboda 2020). Selective temperature withdrawal systems can be new external-frame structures that are attached to the dam or retrofit modifications to existing dam features, such as adding gates to the trash rack structure around the penstock intakes (Svoboda 2020). A previous selective temperature withdrawal system has been considered for the Glen Canyon Dam in the early 2007-2008 (Vermeyen 2011). Earlier proposals for the selective temperature withdrawal system were focused on warming downstream releases but the design was never finished. &lt;br /&gt;
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[[Image:HungryHorseTCD.png|thumb|center|400px|‎Design of the TCD at Hungry Horse Dam]]&lt;br /&gt;
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[[Image:GlenCanyonTCD.png|thumb|center|400px|‎Depiction of a two unit TCD at Glen Canyon Dam]]&lt;br /&gt;
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=='''Destratification: (Bubblers, Pumps, etc.)'''==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Mixing thermal strata in the Glen Canyon Dam forebay that results in substantial cooling during times of otherwise warm water releases (typically summer through fall) is likely to reduce or eliminate smallmouth bass spawning in the mainstem Colorado River below the dam. Also, mixing thermal strata in the Glen Canyon Dam forebay and cooling the water would likely reduce the number of warmwater nonnative fish present in the forebay, including smallmouth bass. Smallmouth bass would likely move out of the area to seek warmer waters (Carter et al., 2012) such as the shallow, littoral habitat found in nearby Wahweap Bay. &lt;br /&gt;
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[[Image:BubblePlume.jpg|thumb|center|400px|Depiction of a bubble plume destratifying the forebay at Glen Canyon Dam]]&lt;br /&gt;
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[[Image:DraftTubePump.jpg|thumb|center|400px|‎Depiction of a pump and draft tube destratifying the forebay at Glen Canyon Dam]]&lt;br /&gt;
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=='''Floating Pumping Platform or Trunnion Cold Water Withdrawal'''==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Two different modifications are being suggested as direct piping of cold water to the intake. One proposed solution came from a 2020 technology search by yet2 sponsored by the Bureau of Reclamation focused on new technologies to control water temperature of reservoir release flows. This proposed solution would be a floating pumping platform that could be placed into the forebay to pump water at a fixed or variable water depth directly to the intake of the penstock (Makai Ocean Engineering; Figure 1). Difference variations for this model could range from several pumping stations suppling cold water to the penstocks or only a selective few of penstocks. A second proposed solution would be Trunnion cold water withdrawal. The idea behind this system is that a pipe is hinged and sealed at the intake to bring in cold water (Sherman 2000; Figure 2). For both suggestions, the theory is that enough cold water could be mixed in the penstock to reduce temperatures discharging from the dam.&lt;br /&gt;
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[[Image:Trunnion.jpg|thumb|center|400px|‎Depiction of a trunnion attached to the face of Glen Canyon Dam]]&lt;br /&gt;
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=='''[https://gcdamp.com/index.php/SEIS_Bypass_Releases Bypass]'''==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
This is a continuation of current operations at Glen Canyon Dam developed as part of the Smallmouth Bass Supplemental Environmental Impact Statement (SEIS). The SEIS was finalized in June of 2024 and the Record of Decision was signed and implemented in July 2024. There are 5 possible options for Glen Canyon Dam releases to keep water temperatures at river mile 61 in Grand Canyon at or below 15.5°C. For a more complete summary and discussion of flow alternatives, please refer to the Final SEIS (Bureau of Reclamation, 2024) or see the [https://gcdamp.com/index.php/SEIS_Bypass_Releases the page for the SEIS Bypass Releases]. &lt;br /&gt;
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*[http://www.usbr.gov/uc/rm/amp/tcd// Reclamation's TCD Page]&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://gcdamp.com/index.php?title=TEMPERATURE Temperature Page]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://gcdamp.com/index.php/Entrainment Entrainment Page]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.pacificorp.com/content/dam/pcorp/documents/en/pacificorp/energy/hydro/klamath-river/khsa-implementation/technical-documents/2021-05-21_2019-Intake-Barrier-Curtain-Report-Combined.pdf Final Report for the Thermal Curtain application at Iron Gate Dam, California from 2016-2018]&lt;br /&gt;
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'''2025'''&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/amwg/2025-08-21-amwg-meeting/uc-gcdamp-amwg-thermalcurtainupdate-508-20250821.pdf Thermal Curtain Update]&lt;br /&gt;
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'''2024'''&lt;br /&gt;
*[[Media:Glen_Canyon_Fish_Escapement_Appraisal_Report_05.2024_FINAL.pdf | Glen Canyon Fish Escapement Appraisal Report (Final)]]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/twg/2024-10-30-twg-meeting/20241030-HydroacousticThermalCurtainUpdate-508-AMWQD.pdf Hydroacoustic and Thermal Curtain Update]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/twg/2024-01-25-twg-meeting/20240125-TWGMeeting-ThermalCurtainExclusionNet-508-UCRO.pdf Thermal Curtain/Exclusion Net ]&lt;br /&gt;
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'''2021'''&lt;br /&gt;
*[[Media:Pennock-Gido2021 SpatialAndTemporalDynamicsOfFishInLakePowell.pdf| Pennock and Gido. 2021. Spatial and temporal dynamics of fish assemblages in a desert reservoir (Lake Powell) over 38 years. Hydrobiologia]]&lt;br /&gt;
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'''2018'''&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/twg/2018-10-10-twg-meeting/Attach_01.pdf Temperature Control Device Update PPT]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/amwg/2018-08-22-amwg-meeting/Attach_03_rev.pdf Temperature Control Device Update PPT]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/twg/2018-04-23-twg-meeting/Attach_13.pdf The 21st Century Colorado River Hot Drought and Implications for the Future PPT]&lt;br /&gt;
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'''Older presentations'''&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/amwg/2010-08-24-amwg-meeting/Attach_12a.pdf 100824_AMWG Meeting- Attachment 12.a]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/amwg/2001-04-12-amwg-meeting/Attach_08a.pdf TCD PowerPoint Presentation_April 2001 AMWG]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/amwg/2001-04-12-amwg-meeting/Attach_08b.pdf TCD Summary_April 2001 AMWG]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/amwg/2001-01-11-amwg-meeting/Attach_20.pdf TCD Workshop Update - PowerPoint Presentation_Jan 2001 AMWG]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/amwg/2000-01-20-amwg-meeting/Attach_13.pdf TCD Monitoring Presentation_Jan 2000 AMWG]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/amwg/1997-09-10-amwg-meeting/Attach_10.pdf Temperature Control Device Update_Sept. 1997 AMWG]&lt;br /&gt;
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In the late 1990s, Reclamation investigated the potential for a temperature control device to increase release temperatures following a prolonged period of cool water releases from GCD. A final design for a warm water temperature control device on two of the eight penstocks was completed in 2007 with a cost estimate of $71 million.  Following the 2016 Long Term Experimental and Management Plan Environmental Impact Statement (LTEMP EIS), Reclamation committed to continued investigations of a temperature control device and fish escapement options.  The following is a chronology of the studies and reports related to temperature control and fish exclusion at Glen Canyon Dam:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''Phase 1: A Warm-Water Temperature Control Device (TCD)'''&lt;br /&gt;
*1997: Value Planning Study (Reclamation 1997a)&lt;br /&gt;
*1997: Feasibility Study (Reclamation 1997b)&lt;br /&gt;
*1999: Draft Environmental Assessment (Reclamation 1999)&lt;br /&gt;
*1999: Physical Model Study (Vermeyen 1999)&lt;br /&gt;
*2000-2004:  Reservoir Modeling of Selective Withdrawal Options (Cole and Wells 2003)&lt;br /&gt;
*2003: Survey of Selective Withdrawal Systems (Vermeyen et al 2003)&lt;br /&gt;
*2004-2006: Feasibility Studies to investigate a wider range of withdrawal capacity.&lt;br /&gt;
*2005: Economics of TCD Operation on Hydropower Revenues&lt;br /&gt;
*2006: Value Engineering Study&lt;br /&gt;
*2006: Constructability Review (Reclamation 2006a)&lt;br /&gt;
*2006: Design, Estimating and Construction Review&lt;br /&gt;
*2006-2007:  Final Design (Reclamation 2007)&lt;br /&gt;
*2008:  USFWS Biological Opinion identified concerns with nonnative fish expansion and having a TCD that could only release warm water (USFWS 2008)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''Phase 2: A Warm/Cold-Water TCD That Also Reduces Fish Entrainment'''&lt;br /&gt;
*2016: LTEMP EIS Biological Opinion - Reclamation to explore efficacy of TCD and means to prevent fish passage (USFWS 2016)&lt;br /&gt;
*2020: Review of Temperature Control Options for Reservoir Release Flows (Svoboda, 2020) &lt;br /&gt;
*2020: Technology Search to seek all ways that water temperature is controlled in any industry that may be applicable to dams (yet2 2020)&lt;br /&gt;
*2022: Glen Canyon Dam Fish Escapement Options (Svoboda, 2022) &lt;br /&gt;
*2022-2024: USU Entrainment Study&lt;br /&gt;
*2024: Glen Canyon Dam Fish Escapement Appraisal Study (Wagner and Svoboda 2024)&lt;br /&gt;
*2024: LTEMP SEIS – includes flow options for using bypass to cool river below Glen Canyon Dam&lt;br /&gt;
*2024: Value Planning Study&lt;br /&gt;
*2024-2025: PNNL Biofouling Study&lt;br /&gt;
*2026-2028: RCS evaluation of a thermal curtain (DOE grant)&lt;br /&gt;
*End of year 2029: Reclamation completes an Appraisal Level Design of a thermal curtain in the forebay and a temperature control device on Glen Canyon Dam (Post-2026 BiOp) &lt;br /&gt;
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Many scientists and the FWS believe the ability to increase the dam's discharge temperature is a key element in the recovery of native fish near the Little Colorado River. Reclamation has prepared an Environmental Assessment (EA), with subsequent peer review, on the proposed temperature control modifications and its potential impacts. The [https://www.usbr.gov/uc/rm/amp/tcd/pdfs/pr_ea.pdf peer review], completed April 1999 and the [https://www.usbr.gov/uc/rm/amp/tcd/pdfs/ea_draft.pdf draft Plan and EA], completed January 1999, are available for on-line viewing and as a download for off-line viewing ([ftp://ftp.usbr.gov/uc/anon/envprog/ro/amp/eapr_16.zip download]). (Online viewing is NOT recommended for slow 56/28.8KB) connections). Based on an open, public review of the EA and further consultation with the FWS, Reclamation will decide whether or not to proceed with the $15 million modification. Construction may start as soon as FY-2000 and would be completed in approximately two years. Post construction testing would be accomplished by the Grand Canyon Monitoring and Research Center and Adaptive Management Work Group.&lt;br /&gt;
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Temperature controls have already been installed on several other dams including: Flaming Gorge, Shasta, Hungry Horse, and Jordanelle Dams. Flaming Gorge Dam on the Green River (a tributary to the Colorado River) is another major dam on the Colorado River Storage Project system, of which Glen Canyon Dam is the key storage unit. Located upstream of Glen Canyon Dam, Flaming Gorge Dam's intake structures were modified with temperature controls in 1978. The result of these controls has been a remarkable positive impact on the river system below the dam. Trout growth rates immediately below the dam increased significantly in response to the warmer water. At the same time, native fish are also doing better downstream, near the Yampa River. Documents concerning the temperature control device are available for your review include:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/envdocs/reports/TCD_ScopingRpt.pdf Scoping Report for the Glen Canyon Dam Proposed Temperature Control Device Environmental Assessment]&lt;br /&gt;
*Application of the BETTER Model to Lake Powell by Technical Service Center, Bureau of Reclamation, Denver, Colorado. We provide the option to view this document [https://www.usbr.gov/uc/rm/amp/tcd/pdfs/papr99112.pdf online] or [ftp://ftp.usbr.gov/uc/anon/envprog/ro/amp/gcdtc_model.zip download] (recommended) the file (PDF).&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/rm/amp/tcd/pdfs/tcdplan10.pdf Draft Science Plan] to Accompany Environmental Assessment for a Temperature Control Device for Glen Canyon Dam by Grand Canyon Monitoring and Research Center, Flagstaff, Arizona. [https://www.usbr.gov/uc/rm/amp/tcd/]&lt;br /&gt;
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The [https://www.usbr.gov/uc/rm/amp/tcd/pdfs/workshop.pdf Summary of Findings] from the TCD Workshop held on January 22-24, 2001, is now available.&lt;br /&gt;
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[[File:Biological Issues with TCD- PIC.jpg|thumb|center|400px|[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/amwg/2001-04-12-amwg-meeting/Attach_08a.pdf https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/amwg/2001-04-12-amwg-meeting/Attach_08a.pdf] ]]&lt;br /&gt;
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Adding generation to the bypass tubes would allow the bypass tubes to essentially be used as a cold-water TCD.&lt;br /&gt;
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*[[Media:Generation at Outlet Glen Canyon Dam Plan of Study CRSP Power Peaking Capacity (March 1981).pdf|Generation at Outlet Glen Canyon Dam Plan of Study CRSP Power Peaking Capacity (March 1981)]]&lt;br /&gt;
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		<author><name>Cellsworth</name></author>	</entry>

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		<id>http://gcdamp.com/index.php?title=Entrainment&amp;diff=11295</id>
		<title>Entrainment</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://gcdamp.com/index.php?title=Entrainment&amp;diff=11295"/>
				<updated>2026-10-13T20:18:58Z</updated>
		
		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Cellsworth: &lt;/p&gt;
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==Entrainment of warmwater nonnative fish through Glen Canyon Dam==&lt;br /&gt;
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The rate of entrainment is dependent on the season, reservoir elevation, and thermocline depth. &amp;lt;br&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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Smallmouth bass are less susceptible to entrainment in the winter because they are largely absent from the forebay at that time of year. As Lake Powell warms in the spring and summer, smallmouth bass move from the shallow bays into the mainstem areas of the reservoir [https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1304&amp;amp;context=etd2023 (1)]. Additionally, as the reservoir elevations decline and the thermocline reaches penstock elevation, fish are brought into closer proximity to the intakes of the dam which increases the risk of entrainment [https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1304&amp;amp;context=etd2023 (2)]. Also, in years with large inflows, the thermocline can reach deeper into the reservoir which also brings fish into closer proximity to the intakes and increases the risk of entrainment [https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1304&amp;amp;context=etd2023 (3)], [[Media:Eppehimer_etal_2025_Declining_res_elevations_non-native_fish_passage_CJFAS.pdf|(4)]].  &amp;lt;br&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
How do you know if you are entraining smallmouth bass through the dam? Since smallmouth bass typically stay above the thermocline, any release when the thermocline is at or below penstock level is likely to be entraining bass and, as a gage, the warmer the release the higher the rate of entrainment. &amp;lt;br&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Recommendation: Keep reservoir elevations higher during the spring, summer, and fall when smallmouth bass are more susceptible to entrainment or find some way to cool the forebay to keep smallmouth bass away from the dam (see the [https://gcdamp.com/index.php/TCD_Learning_Page Temperature Control page]). &amp;lt;br&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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{|width=&amp;quot;100%&amp;quot; cellpadding=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; cellspacing=&amp;quot;5&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;vertical-align:top; background:#f5faff;&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
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Maintaining Lake Powell elevations above 3590 ft would likely minimize entrainment from the reservoir and create downstream conditions that minimize smallmouth bass population growth. &amp;lt;br&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
Smallmouth bass entrainment is predicted to increase with decreasing reservoir elevation until 3490 ft (minimum power pool), after which the dam switches to deeper river outlets which will lower entrainment. The rate of entrainment increases dramatically as reservoir elevation declines below 3530 ft. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Recommendation: Keep reservoir elevations above 3530 ft with an optimal target above 3590 ft. [[Media:Eppehimer_etal_2025_Declining_res_elevations_non-native_fish_passage_CJFAS.pdf|(1)]] &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Image:EntrainmentRate.jpg|center|600px| ]] &lt;br /&gt;
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! &amp;lt;h2 style=&amp;quot;margin:0; background:#cedff2; font-size:120%; font-weight:bold; border:1px solid #a3b0bf; text-align:left; color:#000; padding:0.2em 0.4em;&amp;quot;&amp;gt; [https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1304&amp;amp;context=etd2023 Friesen, Barrett T., 2024, &amp;quot;Invasion Potential of Nonnative Fishes Through a Large Western Dam Into a Prized and Vulnerable Ecosystem&amp;quot; . ]&amp;lt;/h2&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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The entrainment risk is reduced in the winter because smallmouth bass are located in shallower warmer water like in Wahweap Bay. The entrainment risk is higher in the summer because smallmouth bass are located in the forebay. &amp;lt;br&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Lower reservoir elevations result in a higher entrainment risk because smallmouth bass are found nearer to the penstock withdrawals.&lt;br /&gt;
*At elevations of 3543 ft, the risk of entrainment occurs in 95% of the traces evaluated  &lt;br /&gt;
*At elevations of 3621 ft, the risk of entrainment occurs in only 5% of the traces evaluated&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Recommendation: Keep reservoir elevations higher during the spring, summer, and fall when smallmouth bass are more susceptible to entrainment with a minimum target of 3543 ft and and an optimal target above 3621 ft. [https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1304&amp;amp;context=etd2023] &lt;br /&gt;
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[[Image:Forebay_telemetry.png|center|600px| ]]  &lt;br /&gt;
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[[Image:Forebay sonor.png|center|600px| ]]  &lt;br /&gt;
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{| width=&amp;quot;100%&amp;quot; cellpadding=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; cellspacing=&amp;quot;5&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;vertical-align:top; background:#f5faff;&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
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*[https://gcdamp.com/index.php/TCD_Learning_Page Temperature Control Page]&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://gcdamp.com/index.php?title=Smallmouth_Bass_Page Smallmouth Bass Page]&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://gcdamp.com/index.php?title=Green_Sunfish_Page Green Sunfish Page]&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://gcdamp.com/index.php?title=Striped_Bass_Page Striped Bass Page]&lt;br /&gt;
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*[[Media:Eppehimer_etal_2025_Declining_res_elevations_non-native_fish_passage_CJFAS.pdf|Eppehimer et al., 2025, Declining reservoir elevations following a two-decade drought increase water temperatures and non-native fish passage facilitating a downstream invasion: Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences]] &lt;br /&gt;
*[https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1304&amp;amp;context=etd2023 Friesen, Barrett T., &amp;quot;Invasion Potential of Nonnative Fishes Through a Large Western Dam Into a Prized and Vulnerable Ecosystem&amp;quot; (2024). All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Fall 2023 to Present. 288. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd2023/288 ]&lt;br /&gt;
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'''2026'''&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/amwg/2026-02-26-amwg-meeting/uc-gcdamp-amwg-temperaturecontrol-508-20260226.pdf Temperature Control and Entrainment Prevention]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''2024'''&lt;br /&gt;
*[[Media:Glen_Canyon_Fish_Escapement_Appraisal_Report_05.2024_FINAL.pdf | Glen Canyon Fish Escapement Appraisal Report (Final)]]&lt;br /&gt;
*[[Media:2024_GCD_Turbine_Outflow_Progress_Report.docx|Glen Canyon Dam Turbine Outflow Tucker Trawl Netting - 2024 Progress Report ]]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/twg/2024-01-25-twg-meeting/20240125-TWGMeeting-HydroacousticMonitoring-508-UCRO.pdf Hydroacoustic Monitoring ]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''2023'''&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/twg/2023-11-08-twg-meeting/20231108-NonnativeFishDistributionLakePowellForebay-508-UCRO.pdf Characterizing the fish assemblage in the Lake Powell forebay and identifying the potential for nonnative fish escapement into the Lower Colorado River ]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/twg/2023-04-13-twg-meeting/20230413-HydroacousticFishDistributionLakePowell-508-UCRO.pdf Hydroacoustic Fish Distribution]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/twg/2023-04-13-twg-meeting/20230413-CharacterizingFishAssemblageLakePowellForebay-508-UCRO.pdf Characterizing the fish assemblage in the Lake Powell forebay and identifying the potential for nonnative fish escapement into the Lower Colorado River]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/amwg/2023-02-16-amwg-meeting/20230216-GlenCanyonDamFishExclusionProjectOverview-508-UCRO.pdf Glen Canyon Dam Fish Exclusion: Project Overview]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''2022'''&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/twg/2022-10-13-twg-meeting/20221013-HydroacousticFishDistribution-508-UCRO.pdf Hydroacoustic Fish Distribution ]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/amwg/2022-08-18-amwg-meeting/20220818-GlenCanyonDamFishEscapementOptions-508-UCRO.pdf Glen Canyon Dam Fish Escapement Options ]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/twg/2022-10-13-twg-meeting/20221013-GlenCanyonDamFishEscapementOptions-508-UCRO.pdf Glen Canyon Dam Fish Escapement Report]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/twg/2022-06-16-twg-meeting/20220616-CharacterizingFishAssemblageLakePowellForebay-508-UCRO.pdf Characterizing the fish assemblage of the Lake Powell forebay: identifying the potential for nonnative fish escapement through Glen Canyon Dam and into the lower Colorado River ]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/twg/2022-04-13-twg-meeting/20220413-HydroacousticFishDistributionLakePowell2022-Presentation-508-UCRO.pdf Hydroacoustic Fish Distribution - Lake Powell 2022 ]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/twg/2022-04-13-twg-meeting/20220413-CharacterizinFishAssemblageLakePowellForebay-Presentation-508-UCRO.pdf Characterizing the fish assemblage of the Lake Powell forebay: identifying the potential for nonnative fish escapement through Glen Canyon Dam and into the lower Colorado River ]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/twg/2022-04-13-twg-meeting/20220413-TWGMeeting-FinalMinutes-508-UCRO.pdf Glen Canyon Fish Escapement Options ]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''2021'''&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/twg/2021-10-14-twg-meeting/20211014-ExistingPlannedMonitoringNon-NativeAquaticSpeciesLakePowellBelowGlenCanyonDam-Presentation-508-UCRO.pdf Existing and Planned Monitoring of Non-Native Aquatic Species in Lake Powell and Below Glen Canyon Dam]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/twg/2021-10-14-twg-meeting/20211014-LakePowellFishMonitoringStudy2021-2024-Presentation-508-UCRO.pdf Lake Powell Fish Monitoring Study 2021 -2024 ]&lt;br /&gt;
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&amp;lt;Span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/Span&amp;gt;&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Cellsworth</name></author>	</entry>

	<entry>
		<id>http://gcdamp.com/index.php?title=Hydrology&amp;diff=11294</id>
		<title>Hydrology</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://gcdamp.com/index.php?title=Hydrology&amp;diff=11294"/>
				<updated>2026-10-13T19:40:10Z</updated>
		
		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Cellsworth: &lt;/p&gt;
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=='''Upper Colorado River Basin Hydrology'''==&lt;br /&gt;
Upper Colorado River Basin regularly experiences significant year to year hydrologic variability. During the 21-year period 2000 to 2020, however, the unregulated inflow to Lake Powell, which is a good measure of hydrologic conditions in the Colorado River Basin, was above average in only 4 out of the past 19 years. The period 2000-2020 is the lowest 21-year period since the closure of Glen Canyon Dam in 1963, with an average unregulated inflow of 8.62 maf, or 80 percent of the 30-year average (1981-2010). (For comparison, the 1981-2010 total water year average is 10.83 maf.) The unregulated inflow during the 2000-2020 period has ranged from a low of 2.64 maf (24 percent of average) in water year 2002 to a high of 15.97 maf (147 percent of average) in water year 2011. In water year 2018 unregulated inflow volume to Lake Powell was 4.6 maf (43 percent of average), the third driest year on record above 2002 and 1977. [http://www.usbr.gov/uc/water/crsp/cs/gcd.html]&lt;br /&gt;
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! style=&amp;quot;width=33%; background:#cedff2;&amp;quot; | [http://www.usbr.gov/uc/water/crsp/cs/gcd.html Current Status] &amp;lt;br&amp;gt; &lt;br /&gt;
! style=&amp;quot;width=33%; background:#cedff2;&amp;quot; | [http://www.usbr.gov/uc/water/crsp/cs/gcd.html Current Operations] &amp;lt;br&amp;gt; &lt;br /&gt;
! style=&amp;quot;width=33%; background:#cedff2;&amp;quot; | [http://www.usbr.gov/uc/water/crsp/cs/gcd.html Inflow Forecasts and Model Projections] &amp;lt;br&amp;gt; &lt;br /&gt;
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{|width=&amp;quot;100%&amp;quot; cellpadding=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; cellspacing=&amp;quot;5&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;vertical-align:top; background:#f5faff;&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
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=='''[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/index.html Upper Colorado Region Homepage]'''==&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/water/hydrodata/reservoir_data/919/dashboard.html Hydrodata dashboard for Lake Powell]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.nrcs.usda.gov/Internet/WCIS/basinCharts/POR/WTEQ/assocHUC2/Upper%20Colorado%20Region.html Lake Powell Snow Chart]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/water/crsp/studies/images/PowellForecast.png Lake Powell Inflow Forecast]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/water/crsp/studies/images/PowellElevations.png Lake Powell Elevation Projections]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/water/crsp/studies/images/PowellRelease.png Lake Powell Release Projections]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/water/crsp/cs/gcd.html Glen Canyon Dam Operations]&lt;br /&gt;
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== '''USBR Weekly Water Reports''' ==&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/water/rsvrs/ops/WeeklyHydrologySummary/Weekly_Hydro.pdf Upper Colorado Region Weekly Hydrology Summary]&lt;br /&gt;
#Reservoir inflows (forecast and observed)&lt;br /&gt;
#Reservoir releases&lt;br /&gt;
#SNOTEL&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://www.usbr.gov/lc/region/g4000/weekly.pdf Lower Colorado Water Supply Report]&lt;br /&gt;
#Water use&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://www.usbr.gov/lc/region/g4000/wtracct.html Lower Colorado River Water Accounting]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/water/basin/index.html Colorado River Basin Tea-Cup Diagrams]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== '''USBR Monthly/Annual Reports''' ==&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/water/crsp/studies/index.html 24-Month Studies]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
#[https://www.usbr.gov/lc/region/g4000/24mo.pdf Most Probable 24-Month Study]&lt;br /&gt;
#[https://www.usbr.gov/lc/region/g4000/24mo_MIN.pdf Probable Minimum 24-Month Study]&lt;br /&gt;
#[https://www.usbr.gov/lc/region/g4000/24mo_MAX.pdf Probable Maximum 24-Month Study]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/water/rsvrs/ops/monthly_summaries/index.html Monthly Summaries]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/water/rsvrs/ops/aop/index.html Annual Operating Plans for Colorado River reservoirs]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== '''Snow Pack Reports''' ==&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.nrcs.usda.gov/Internet/WCIS/basinCharts/POR/WTEQ/assocHUC2/Upper%20Colorado%20Region.html Upper Colorado River Basin Snow Water Tracking]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/water/hydrodata/status_maps/  Upper Colorado Basin Conditions Map]&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://www.usbr.gov/uc/water/notice/snowpack.html Bureau of Reclamation- Snow Pack Report]&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://www.cbrfc.noaa.gov/snow/station/sweplot/sweplot.cgi?quick=multiple SNOWTEL Report]&lt;br /&gt;
**The snowtel report is a calculating report, and takes approximately 3 minutes to run.  &lt;br /&gt;
**Select the report under &amp;quot;Public&amp;quot;, listed as &amp;quot;Colorado River above Lake Powell&amp;quot; (116 snowtel sites).  &lt;br /&gt;
**Data source is updated at least daily.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== '''U.S. Drought Monitor''' ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://drought.unl.edu/DM/MONITOR.HTML U.S. Drought Monitor]&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://treeflow.info/basin.html Tree Flow Data]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Inflow Volumes to Lake Powell and Release Volumes from Glen Canyon Dam==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[https://www.usbr.gov/lc/region/g4000/NaturalFlow/provisional.html 10-year average natural inflow (2015-2024)]: 12.60 maf &amp;lt;br&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
[https://www.usbr.gov/lc/region/g4000/NaturalFlow/provisional.html 10-year average unregulated inflow (2016-2025)]: 8.06 maf &amp;lt;br&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
[https://www.usbr.gov/lc/region/g4000/NaturalFlow/provisional.html 10-year average release (2016-2025)]: 8.30 maf &amp;lt;br&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
[https://www.usbr.gov/lc/region/g4000/NaturalFlow/provisional.html 10-year average Lees Ferry Gage (2016-2025)]: 8.44 maf &amp;lt;br&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
{| class=&amp;quot;sortable wikitable&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;text-align:center;&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Water Year&lt;br /&gt;
![https://www.usbr.gov/lc/region/g4000/NaturalFlow/provisional.html Naturalized Flow at Lees Ferry (maf)]&lt;br /&gt;
![https://www.usbr.gov/uc/water/crsp/studies/index.html Unregulated Inflow (maf)]&lt;br /&gt;
![https://www.usbr.gov/uc/water/crsp/studies/index.html Release Volume (maf)]&lt;br /&gt;
![https://www.usbr.gov/uc/water/crsp/studies/index.html Lees Ferry Gage (maf)]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|2026||--||~03.516||06.000||~05.948||&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|2025||08.50||04.688||07.481||07.503||&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|2024||11.88||07.981||07.480||07.551||&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|2023||17.41||13.421||08.580||08.749||&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|2022||09.85||06.084||07.000||07.083||&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|2021||07.15||03.502||08.230||08.293|| &lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|2020||09.89||05.847||08.230||08.436|| &lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|2019||17.67||12.951||09.001||09.264|| &lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|2018||08.63|||04.612||09.000||09.171|| &lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|2017||16.40||11.905||09.000||09.170|| &lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|2016||13.44||09.616||09.000||09.138|| &lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|2015||13.41||10.174||09.000||09.157|| &lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|2014||13.98||10.381||07.480||07.590|| &lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|2013||09.11||05.117||08.232||08.289|| &lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|2012||08.50||04.908||09.466||09.542|| &lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|2011||20.16||15.971||12.518||12.753|| &lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|2010||12.32||08.426||08.235||08.437|| &lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|2009||14.27||10.220||08.236||08.406|| &lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|2008||16.21||12.086||08.978||09.180|| &lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|2007||12.56||08.754||08.231||08.421|| &lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|2006||12.61||08.626||08.228||08.507|| &lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|2005||16.89||12.795||08.232||08.395|| &lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|2004||09.59||05.913||08.231||08.348|| &lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|2003||10.53||06.161||08.229||08.372|| &lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|2002||05.93||02.643||08.230||08.347|| &lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|2001||11.04||06.994||08.236||08.361||&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|2000||10.56||06.936||09.381||09.529|| &lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|1999||16.43||12.800||11.204||11.430||&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|1998||16.97||13.520||13.510||13.440|| &lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|1997||21.15||17.053||13.824||13.874|| &lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|1996||14.07||10.402||11.522||11.532|| &lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|1995||19.80||15.905||09.223||09.242|| &lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|1994||10.64||06.794||08.289||08.304|| &lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|1993||18.63||14.437||08.102||08.137|| &lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|1992||11.10||07.352||08.002||08.023|| &lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|1991||12.35||08.801||08.121||08.131|| &lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|1990||09.00||05.311||08.140||08.151|| &lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|1989||09.60||05.939||07.981||07.994|| &lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|1988||11.68||07.989||08.144||08.160|| &lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|1987||16.61||13.377||13.429||13.450|| &lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|1986||22.36||18.546||16.848||16.866|| &lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|1985||21.06||17.517||19.094||19.109|| &lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|1984||24.18||20.846||20.499||20.518|| &lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|1983||23.70||20.371||17.493||17.520|| &lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|1982||16.67||12.771||08.304||08.323|| &lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|1981||08.68||05.639||08.295||08.316|| &lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|1980||17.27||13.682||10.907||10.950|| &lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|1979||17.55||14.189||08.297||08.333|| &lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|1978||14.85||11.059||08.354||08.369|| &lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|1977||05.52||03.529||08.260||08.269|| &lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|1976||11.21||08.431||08.482||08.494|| &lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|1975||16.53||13.095||09.255||09.274|| &lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|1974||12.96||09.970||08.266||08.277|| &lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|1973||19.14||15.974||10.108||10.141|| &lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|1972||12.44||09.329||09.311||09.330|| &lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|1971||14.73||11.798||08.591||08.607|| &lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|1970||15.06||11.992||08.692||08.688|| &lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|1969||14.45||11.520||08.823||08.850 ||&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|1968||13.34||10.319||08.334||08.358 ||&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|1967||11.71||08.979||07.797||07.824 ||&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|1966||11.06||08.689||07.854||07.870 ||&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|1965||18.36||15.046||10.820||10.835 ||&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|1964||10.38||07.492||02.413||02.427|| &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[File:LakePowellInflows1906 2012.JPG|left|500px|thumbnail|[https://usea.org/sites/default/files/event-/Final_Colorado_Overview.pdf https://usea.org/sites/default/files/event-/Final_Colorado_Overview.pdf] ]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[File:GlenCanyonRelease1995 2015.JPG|left|500px|thumbnail|[http://www.lakepowell.org/page_two/what_s_new/what_s_new.html http://www.lakepowell.org/page_two/what_s_new/what_s_new.html] ]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[File:LakePowellelevations1963 2012.JPG|left|500px|thumbnail|[https://www.hcn.org/blogs/goat/is-lake-powell-really-shrinking https://www.hcn.org/blogs/goat/is-lake-powell-really-shrinking] ]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;!--&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
--------------------------------ADDITIONAL-------------------------------&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|class=&amp;quot;MainPageBG&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;width:45%; border:1px solid #cedff2; background:#f5faff; vertical-align:top;&amp;quot;|&lt;br /&gt;
{| width=&amp;quot;100%&amp;quot; cellpadding=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; cellspacing=&amp;quot;5&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;vertical-align:top; background:#f5faff;&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
! &amp;lt;h2 style=&amp;quot;margin:0; background:#cedff2; font-size:120%; font-weight:bold; border:1px solid #a3b0bf; text-align:left; color:#000; padding:0.2em 0.4em;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;Stream Flow Gages&amp;lt;/h2&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|style=&amp;quot;color:#000;&amp;quot;|&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://graphs.water-data.com/lakepowell/ Lake Powell Water Level Graphs]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.wapa.gov/regions/CRSP/OpsMaint/Pages/scada.aspx Glen Canyon Dam releases (SCADA)]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/lc/region/g4000/riverops/_HdbWebQuery.html Glen Canyon Dam releases (HDB), SDI for total release = 1872]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.gcmrc.gov/discharge_qw_sediment/station/GCDAMP/GCMRC-GCLT1 Water Holes Canyon above the mouth]&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://www.gcmrc.gov/discharge_qw_sediment/station/GCDAMP/09380000 Colorado River at Lees Ferry]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.gcmrc.gov/discharge_qw_sediment/station/GCDAMP/09381800 Paria River near Kanab, UT]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.gcmrc.gov/discharge_qw_sediment/station/GCDAMP/09382000 Paria River at Lees Ferry, AZ]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.gcmrc.gov/discharge_qw_sediment/station/GCDAMP/GCMRC-MCLT1 Badger Creek below highway 89A near Vermillion Cliffs, AZ]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.gcmrc.gov/discharge_qw_sediment/station/GCDAMP/GCMRC-MCLT2 Tanner Wash below highway 89A near Bitter Springs, AZ]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.gcmrc.gov/discharge_qw_sediment/station/GCDAMP/GCMRC-MCLT3 House Rock Wash above Emmett Wash near Cliff Dwellers, AZ]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.gcmrc.gov/discharge_qw_sediment/station/GCDAMP/GCMRC-MCLT5 North Canyon near Cliff Dwellers, AZ]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.gcmrc.gov/discharge_qw_sediment/station/GCDAMP/GCMRC-MCLT6 Shinumo Wash in Twentynine Mile Canyon near Cedar Ridge, AZ]&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://www.gcmrc.gov/discharge_qw_sediment/station/GCDAMP/09383050 Colorado River near river mile 30]&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://www.gcmrc.gov/discharge_qw_sediment/station/GCDAMP/09383100 Colorado River above Little Colorado River near Desert View, AZ]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.gcmrc.gov/discharge_qw_sediment/station/GCDAMP/09401260 Moenkopi Wash at Moenkopi, AZ]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.gcmrc.gov/discharge_qw_sediment/station/GCDAMP/09401500 Moenkopi Wash near Cameron, AZ]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.gcmrc.gov/discharge_qw_sediment/station/GCDAMP/09401000 Little Colorado River at Grand Falls, AZ]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.gcmrc.gov/discharge_qw_sediment/station/GCDAMP/09402000 Little Colorado River near Cameron, AZ]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.gcmrc.gov/discharge_qw_sediment/station/GCDAMP/09402300 Little Colorado River above the mouth near Desert View, AZ]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.gcmrc.gov/discharge_qw_sediment/station/GCDAMP/09402500 Colorado River near Grand Canyon, AZ]&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://www.gcmrc.gov/discharge_qw_sediment/station/GCDAMP/09403000 Bright Angel Creek near Grand Canyon, AZ]&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://www.gcmrc.gov/discharge_qw_sediment/station/GCDAMP/GCMRC-MCLT6 Shinumo Creek]&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://www.gcmrc.gov/discharge_qw_sediment/station/GCDAMP/09403850 Kanab Creek above the mouth near Supai, AZ]&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://www.gcmrc.gov/discharge_qw_sediment/station/GCDAMP/09404115 Havasu Creek above the mouth near Supai, AZ]&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://www.gcmrc.gov/discharge_qw_sediment/station/GCDAMP/09404120 Colorado River above National Canyon near Supai, AZ]&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://www.gcmrc.gov/discharge_qw_sediment/station/GCDAMP/09404200 Colorado River above Diamond Creek near Peach Springs, AZ]&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://graphs.water-data.com/lakemead/ Lake Mead Water Level Graphs]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! &amp;lt;h2 style=&amp;quot;margin:0; background:#cedff2; font-size:120%; font-weight:bold; border:1px solid #a3b0bf; text-align:left; color:#000; padding:0.2em 0.4em;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;Presentations and Papers&amp;lt;/h2&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|style=&amp;quot;color:#000;&amp;quot;|&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''2026'''&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/twg/2026-06-10-twg-meeting/uc-gcdamp-twg-basinhydrology-508-20260610.pdf Basin Hydrology and Operations]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/amwg/2026-05-13-amwg-meeting/uc-gcdamp-amwg-basinhydrology-508-20260513.pdf Basin Hydrology and Operations]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/twg/2026-04-09-twg-meeting/uc-gcdamp-twg-basinhydrology-508-20260409.pdf Basin Hydrology and Operations]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/twg/2026-02-05-twg-meeting/uc-gcdamp-twg-basinhydrology-508-20260205.pdf Basin Hydrology and Operations]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''2025'''&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/twg/2024-07-10-twg-meeting/20240710-BasinHydrologyOperations-508-AMWD.pdf Basin Hydrology and Operations]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/twg/2025-04-10-twg-meeting/uc-gcdamp-twg-basinhydrology-508-20250410.pdf Basin Hydrology and Operations]&lt;br /&gt;
*[[Media:Schmidt_Fleck_reservoir_storage.pdf|Colorado River Basin Reservoir Storage: where do we stand?]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''2024'''&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/twg/2024-10-30-twg-meeting/20241030-BasinHydrologyOperations-508-AMWQD.pdf Basin Hydrology and Operations]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/amwg/2024-08-22-amwg-meeting/20240822-BasinHydrologyOperations-508-AMWQD.pdf Basin Hydrology and Operations ]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/amwg/2024-05-15-amwg-meeting/20240515-BasinHydrologyOperations-508-UCRO.pdf Basin Hydrology and Operations ]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/amwg/2024-02-29-amwg-meeting/20240229-BasinHydrologyOperations-508-UCRO.pdf Basin Hydrology and Operations ]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/twg/2024-01-25-twg-meeting/20240125-TWGMeeting-UpperColoradoRiverBasinIRADroughtMitigationPrograms-508-UCRO.pdf Upper Colorado River Basin IRA Drought Mitigation Programs ]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/twg/2024-01-25-twg-meeting/20240125-TWGMeeting-BasinHydrologyOperations-508-UCRO.pdf Basin Hydrology and Operations ]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://qcnr.usu.edu/coloradoriver/blog/WY2023-schmidt-4 Reservoir Storage at the End of 2023 – Holding On to What We Have]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''2023'''&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/twg/2023-11-08-twg-meeting/20231108-BasinHydrologyOperationsWaterQuality-508-UCRO.pdf Basin Hydrology, Operations and Water Quality]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/amwg/2023-08-17-amwg-meeting/20230817-BasinHydrologyOperations-508-UCRO.pdf Basin Hydrology and Operations]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/twg/2023-06-15-twg-meeting/20230615-BasinHydrologyOperationsWaterQuality-508-UCRO.pdf Basin Hydrology, Operations, and Water Quality]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/twg/2023-04-13-twg-meeting/20230413-BasinHydrologyOperations-508-UCRO.pdf Basin Hydrology and Operations]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/amwg/2023-02-16-amwg-meeting/20230216-GlenCanyonDamOperationsUpperBasinHydrologyWaterQuality-508-UCRO.pdf Glen Canyon Dam Operations and Upper Basin Hydrology and Water Quality]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/twg/2023-01-26-twg-meeting/20230126-TWGMeeting-BasinHydrologyWaterQuality-508-UCRO.pdf Basin Hydrology and Water Quality]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''2022'''&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://qcnr.usu.edu/coloradoriver/files/news/White-Paper-7.pdf Evaluating the Accuracy of Reclamation’s 24-Month Study Lake Powell Projections]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/twg/2022-10-13-twg-meeting/20221013-BasinHydrologyOperationsWaterQuality-508-UCRO.pdf Basin Hydrology, Operations and Water Quality ]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/amwg/2022-08-18-amwg-meeting/20220818-Smith-AMWG-DROA-PPT_508.pdf AMP Role Relative to Implementing the Drought Response Operating Agreement]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/amwg/2022-08-18-amwg-meeting/20220818-BasinHydrologyOperationsWaterQuality-508-UCRO.pdf Basin Hydrology, Operations and Water Quality ]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/twg/2022-06-16-twg-meeting/20220616-BasinHydrologyOperationsWaterQuality-508-UCRO.pdf Basin Hydrology, Operations and Water Quality ]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/amwg/2022-05-18-amwg-meeting/20220518-BasinHydrologyOperations-508-UCRO.pdf Basin Hydrology and Operations ]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/twg/2022-04-13-twg-meeting/20220413-BasinHydrologyOperationsWaterQuality-Presentation-508-UCRO.pdf Basin Hydrology, Operations, and Water Quality ]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/twg/2022-01-13-twg-meeting/20220113-TWGMeeting-BasinHydrologyOperationsWaterQuality-508-UCRO.pdf Basin Hydrology, Operations and Water Quality ]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/amwg/2022-02-10-amwg-meeting/20220210-BasinHydrologyWaterQualityOperations-508-UCRO.pdf Basin Hydrology, Water Quality, and Operations ]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''2021'''&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/twg/2021-10-14-twg-meeting/20211014-ColoradoRiverBasinAugust20215-yearProjectedFutureConditions-Presentation-508-UCRO.pdf Colorado River Basin August 2021 5-year Projected Future Conditions ]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/twg/2021-10-14-twg-meeting/20211014-Long-TermHydrologicProjectionsColoradoRiverBasinMethodsConsideringUncertainty-Presentation-508-UCRO.pdf Long-Term Hydrologic Projections for the Colorado River Basin and Methods for Considering Uncertainty]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/twg/2021-06-17-twg-meeting/20210617-ColoradoRiverBasinApril20215-yearProjectedFutureConditions-508-UCRO.pdf Colorado River Basin April 2021 5-year Projected Future Conditions ]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/twg/2021-06-17-twg-meeting/20210617-BasinHydrologyOperations-508-UCRO.pdf Basin Hydrology and Operations ]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/amwg/2021-05-19-amwg-meeting/20210519-BasinHydrologyOperation-Presentation-508-UCRO.pdf Basin Hydrology and Operations ]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/twg/2021-04-14-twg-meeting/20210414-UpdateHydrologyOperationsWaterQualityConditions-508-UCRO.pdf Update on Hydrology, Operations and Water Quality Conditions ]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/amwg/2021-02-11-amwg-meeting/20210211-BasinHydrologyOperations-508-UCRO.pdf Basin Hydrology and Operations ]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/twg/2021-01-22-twg-meeting/20210122-BasinHydrologyOperations-508-UCRO.pdf Basin Hydrology and Operations ]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''2020'''&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/twg/2020-10-15-twg-meeting/20201015-OpsHydrologyTWG-508.pdf TWG Basin Hydrology and Operations ]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/amwg/2020-08-20-amwg-meeting/20200820-BasinHydrologyReservoirOperations2020-2021Hydrograph-Presentation-508-UCRO.pdf Basin Hydrology, Reservoir Operations 2020 and 2021 Hydrograph ]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/twg/2020-06-24-twg-meeting/20200624-HydrologyOperationsReservoirRelease-508-UCRO.pdf Hydrology, Operations and Reservoir Release presentation ]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/amwg/2020-05-20-amwg-meeting/20200520-AMWG-HydrologyOperationsReservoirRelease-508-UCRO.pdf Hydrology, Operations and Reservoir Release presentation ]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/amwg/2020-02-12-amwg-meeting/20200212-AMWG-HydrologyOperationsReservoirRelease-Presentation-508-UCRO.pdf Hydrology, Operations and Reservoir Release]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''2019'''&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/twg/2019-10-21-twg-meeting/20191021-BasinHydrologyReservoirOperations2020Hydrograph-Presentation-508-UCRO.pdf Basin Hydrology, Reservoir Operations and 2020 Hydrograph Presentation ]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''2018'''&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://www.yumaheritage.com/docs/2nd-A-1JackSchmidt_USU_LoganUT.pdf?bcsi_scan_16614fa24ff8c4a5=0&amp;amp;bcsi_scan_filename=2nd-A-1JackSchmidt_USU_LoganUT.pdf Urban Waterfronts 2018]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/twg/2018-10-10-twg-meeting/Attach_06.pdf Basin Hydrology, Water Years 2018-2019 Operations PPT]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/amwg/2018-08-22-amwg-meeting/Attach_02.pdf Basin Hydrology, Reservoir Operations 2018 and 2019 Hydrograph]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://qcnr.usu.edu/wats/colorado_river_studies/files/documents/Udall.pdf How Will the Colorado Run? The Colorado River in a Warmer World]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/twg/2018-06-25-twg-meeting/Attach_04.pdf Basin Hydrology, Water Years 2018-2019 Operations PPT]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/amwg/2018-05-22-amwg-meeting/Attach_02.pdf Basin Hydrology, Reservoir Operations 2018 and 2019 Hydrograph PPT]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/twg/2018-04-23-twg-meeting/Attach_13.pdf The 21st Century Colorado River Hot Drought and Implications for the Future PPT]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/twg/2018-04-23-twg-meeting/Attach_06.pdf Basin Hydrology, Water Years 2018-2019 Operations PPT]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/amwg/2018-02-14-amwg-meeting/Attach_03.pdf Basin Hydrology, Water Years 2018-2019 Operations PPT]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/twg/2018-01-25-twg-meeting/AR21.pdf Basin Hydrology, Operations and 2018 Hydrograph PPT]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/twg/2018-01-25-twg-meeting/Attach_04.pdf Basin Hydrology, Water Years 2018-2019 Operations PPT]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''2017'''&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/amwg/2017-02-15-amwg-meeting/Attach_16.pdf Analysis of Water Losses and Impacts to the Grand Canyon Ecosystem of the &amp;quot;Fill Mead First&amp;quot; Proposal]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://qcnr.usu.edu/wats/colorado_river_studies/files/documents/Fill_Mead_First_Exec_Summary.pdf Fill Mead First: A technical assessment (Summary)]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://qcnr.usu.edu/wats/colorado_river_studies/files/documents/Fill_Mead_First_Analysis.pdf Fill Mead First: A technical assessment (Analysis)]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/twg/2017-04-20-twg-meeting/Attach_03.pdf Basin Hydrology and Operations]&lt;br /&gt;
*[[Media:Feb2017 OperationsCall.pdf| February 2017 Glen Canyon Montly Operational Coordination Call]]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/amwg/2017-02-15-amwg-meeting/Attach_05.pdf Basin Hydrology, and 2017-2018 Operations]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/amwg/2017-02-15-amwg-meeting/Attach_16.pdf Analysis of Water Losses and Impacts to the Grand Canyon Ecosystem of the &amp;quot;Fill Mead First&amp;quot; Proposal and PPT]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/twg/2017-01-26-twg-meeting/A6_Davidson.pdf Basin Hydrology, Operations and 2018 Hydrograph]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''2016'''&lt;br /&gt;
*[[Media:Aug2016 Information.pdf| August 2016 DOI-DOE Federal Family call on Glen Canyon Operations ]]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://qcnr.usu.edu/coloradoriver/news/wp1.php Fill Mead First – A Technical Assessment]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/amwg/2016-08-24-amwg-meeting/Attach_05.pdf Basin Hydrology and Water Year (WY) 2017 Hydrograph]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/amwg/2016-05-25-amwg-meeting/Attach_02.pdf Basin Hydrology, Operations, and 2017 Hydrograph]&lt;br /&gt;
*[[Media:2017 Hydrology PPT.pdf| TWG: Basin Hydrology, Operations, and 2017 Hydrograph]]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/amwg/2016-02-24-amwg-meeting/Attach_08.pdf Basin Hydrology, Operations, and 2017 Hydrograph]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/twg/2016-02-26-twg-meeting/Attach_03.pdf Glen Canyon Dam Operations During Equalization]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/twg/2016-02-26-twg-meeting/AR01_Topping.pdf Project 2: Streamflow,  Water Quality, Sediment Transport, and Sand Budgets in the Colorado River Ecosystem]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''2015'''&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://drive.google.com/file/d/0BwY-Z2c3NTUGMHhacTF4enJ1eGs/view 2016 Annual Operating Plan]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://drive.google.com/file/d/0BwY-Z2c3NTUGTU41NkhzUi1ZTTg/view California Drought Monitor]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://drive.google.com/file/d/0BwY-Z2c3NTUGOVVVUXFhZVBvNmM/view Lake Mead Issues and Lower Basin Shortage Preparedness]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://drive.google.com/file/d/0BwY-Z2c3NTUGbDNmN3FOeW05b3c/view Lake Mead Issues and Lower Basin Shortage Preparedness - Presentation]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://drive.google.com/file/d/0BwY-Z2c3NTUGbmRuSzRqVm5ydHc/view Basin Hydrology Operations, and 2016 Hydrograph]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/twg/2015-06-11-twg-meeting/Attach_04.pdf Basin Hydrology Operations, and 2016 Hydrograph]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://drive.google.com/file/d/0BwY-Z2c3NTUGMHhacTF4enJ1eGs/view 2016 Annual Operating Plan]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/amwg/2015-05-28-amwg-meeting/Attach_05.pdf Basin Hydrology and WY 2016 Hydrograph]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/twg/2015-04-21-twg-meeting/Attach_03.pdf Hydrology Update and 2016 Hydrograph]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/twg/2015-04-21-twg-meeting/Attach_07.pdf Water Quality in Lake Mead and Upstream Influences: Dissolved Oxygen during 2014] &lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/amwg/2015-02-25-amwg-meeting/Attach_02.pdf Basin Hydrology, Operations, and 2016 Hydrograph] &lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/amwg/2015-02-25-amwg-meeting/Attach_03a.pdf Panel on Current Projects and Issues in Utah]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/amwg/2015-02-25-amwg-meeting/Attach_03b.pdf Central Utah Project]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/amwg/2015-02-25-amwg-meeting/Attach_03c.pdf Meeting the Mitigation Requirement for the Bonneville Unit CUP]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/amwg/2015-02-25-amwg-meeting/Attach_03d.pdf Current Projects and Issues in Utah]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/amwg/2015-02-25-amwg-meeting/Attach_03e.pdf Provo Area Office]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''2014'''&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/twg/2014-10-28-twg-meeting/Attach_09.pdf Colorado River Annual Operating Plan and Drought Contingency Planning ]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/amwg/2014-08-27-amwg-meeting/Attach_02b.pdf DOI-DOE Hydrograph Development for Water Year 2015  ]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/amwg/2014-08-27-amwg-meeting/Attach_02a.pdf Basin Hydrology, Operations ] &lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/twg/2014-06-24-twg-meeting/Attach_06a.pdf Basin Hydrology, Operations, and 2015 Hydrograph ] &lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/amwg/2014-05-27-amwg-meeting/Attach_01.pdf Basin Hydrology, Operations, and 2015 Hydrograph and AIF: Development of Water Year 2015 Hydrograph ] &lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/amwg/2014-02-19-amwg-meeting/Attach_02.pdf Basin Hydrology, Operations, and 2015 Hydrograph ] &lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/amwg/2014-02-19-amwg-meeting/Attach_03a.pdf Panel on the Potential Effects of Long-Term Drought on Colorado River Operations ] &lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/amwg/2014-02-19-amwg-meeting/Attach_03b.pdf Near Term Risks: Options to Address Declining Reservoirs ] &lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/amwg/2014-02-19-amwg-meeting/Attach_03c.pdf State of Nevada Concerns ] &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''2013'''&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/amwg/2013-08-08-amwg-meeting/Attach_04.pdf Water Year 2014 Hydrograph ]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/amwg/2013-08-08-amwg-meeting/Attach_03.pdf Basin Hydrology and Operations ]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/twg/2013-06-26-twg-meeting/Attach_04.pdf Colorado River Basin Hydrology and Projected Glen Canyon Dam Operations ]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/twg/2013-06-26-twg-meeting/Attach_05a.pdf DOI/DOE FY14 Hydrograph ]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/twg/2013-06-26-twg-meeting/Attach_05b.pdf Approved FY14 Hydrograph ]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/amwg/2013-02-20-amwg-meeting/Attach_04.pdf Glen Canyon Dam Facility Management]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/amwg/2013-02-20-amwg-meeting/Attach_02.pdf Basin Hydrology and Operations]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/amwg/2013-02-20-amwg-meeting/Attach_03.pdf Colorado River Basin Water Supply and Demand Study]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/twg/2013-01-24-twg-meeting/Attach_05.pdf Executive Summary--Pre-Production Copy of the Colorado River Basin Water Supply and Demand Study]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/lc/region/programs/crbstudy/finalreport/index.html Colorado River Basin Water Study &amp;amp; Demand Study - Final Study Reports]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''2012'''&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/amwg/2012-08-29-amwg-meeting/Attach_03.pdf Basin Hydrology ]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/amwg/2012-08-29-amwg-meeting/Attach_06a.pdf Water Year 2013 Hydrograph ]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/amwg/2012-08-29-amwg-meeting/Attach_06b.pdf TWG Report: 2013 Hydrograph ]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/twg/2012-06-20-twg-meeting/Attach_04a.pdf DOI and DOE Operating Hydrograph Recommendations for GCD (2012 water year)]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/twg/2012-06-20-twg-meeting/Attach_04b.pdf Water Year 2013 Hydrograph TWG Motion ]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/amwg/2012-02-22-amwg-meeting/Attach_05.pdf 2013 Hydrograph Development ]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/twg/2012-02-02-twg-meeting/Attach_07.pdf FY2013 Hydrograph (from 8/2011 AMWG meeting)]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/amwg/2012-02-22-amwg-meeting/Attach_09.pdf Basin Hydrology and Operations ]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.gcmrc.gov/about/ka/KA%202%20-%2010-19-11/AM%20Talks/Grams%20Flow%20Temp%20Turbidity.pdf Flow Temp Turbidity ]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''2011'''&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/amwg/2011-08-24-amwg-meeting/Attach_09.pdf 2012 Hydrograph ]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/amwg/2011-08-24-amwg-meeting/Attach_08.pdf Basin Hydrology ]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/twg/2011-06-28-twg-meeting/Attach_06a.pdf 2012 Hydrograph Development ]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/twg/2011-06-28-twg-meeting/Attach_06b.pdf Department of the Interior and Department of Energy Operating Hydrograph Recommendations for Glen Canyon Dam (2012 Water Year), June 6, 2011]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/amwg/2011-05-18-amwg-meeting/Attach_03.pdf Basin Hydrology ]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/amwg/2011-05-18-amwg-meeting/Attach_10.pdf Secure Water Act Section 9503 (c) - Water and Climate Change]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/amwg/2011-05-18-amwg-meeting/Attach_04.pdf WY2012 Hydrograph Development ]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/twg/2011-03-08-twg-meeting/Attach_05a.pdf 2012 Hydrograph Development ]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/twg/2011-03-08-twg-meeting/Attach_05b.pdf Grand Canyon Trust Proposed FY2012 Hydrograph]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/twg/2011-01-20-twg-meeting/Attach_04a.pdf Bureau of Reclamation Updates ]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''2010'''&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/amwg/2010-08-24-amwg-meeting/Attach_07a.pdf Fiscal Year 2011-12 Hydrograph and E-mail Message to the AMWG from Anne Castle Dated July 23, 2010, Subject: July 23 Final Draft DOI-DOE Proposed Hydrograph Recommendations]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/amwg/2010-08-24-amwg-meeting/Attach_07b.pdf Department of the Interior and Department of the Energy Recommendations for Glen Canyon Dam with August 23, 2010, edits]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/amwg/2010-08-24-amwg-meeting/Attach_07c.pdf Grand Canyon Protection Act]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/amwg/2010-08-24-amwg-meeting/Attach_07d.pdf Report on Modeling the 2008-2010 Period to Support Development of the 2011 Hydrograph]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/amwg/2010-08-24-amwg-meeting/Attach_07e.pdf Proposed Water year 2011 Hydrograph: Impacts on CRSP Electric Power Resources]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/amwg/2010-08-24-amwg-meeting/Attach_07f.pdf Grand Canyon Trust Hydrograph Proposal]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/amwg/2010-08-24-amwg-meeting/Attach_06.pdf Basin Hydrology and Operations]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/amwg/2010-02-03-amwg-meeting/Attach_12.pdf Basin Hydrology and PPT]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/twg/2010-01-21-twg-meeting/Attach_03b.pdf Figure 1, AOP, BOR, AMWG monthly volumes]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''2009'''&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/amwg/2009-08-12-amwg-meeting/Attach_08a.pdf FY2010-11 Draft Budget, Workplan, and Hydrograph]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/amwg/2009-08-12-amwg-meeting/Attach_08b.pdf Basin Hydrology PPT]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/amwg/2009-04-29-amwg-meeting/Attach_11.pdf Basin Hydrology and PPT]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://www.riversimulator.org/Resources/AquaticResearch/MLFFfailureKorman2004.pdf ***DRAFT*** Evidence for the Failure of the Modified Low Fluctuating Flow Alternative (MLFFA) to Benefit Most Ecological Resources in Grand Canyon ]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2006/1243/pdf/of06-1243_508.pdf Hazel et al. 2006. Stage-Discharge Relations for the Colorado River in Glen, Marble, and Grand Canyons, Arizona: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2006-1243, 7 p]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/pp1677/pdf/pp1677.pdf Topping et al. 2003.  Computation and analysis of the instantaneous-discharge record for the Colorado River at Lees Ferry, Arizona, May 8, 1921 through September 30, 2000: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1677, 118 p.]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
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		<author><name>Cellsworth</name></author>	</entry>

	<entry>
		<id>http://gcdamp.com/index.php?title=Hydrology&amp;diff=11293</id>
		<title>Hydrology</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://gcdamp.com/index.php?title=Hydrology&amp;diff=11293"/>
				<updated>2026-10-13T17:34:47Z</updated>
		
		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Cellsworth: &lt;/p&gt;
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=='''Upper Colorado River Basin Hydrology'''==&lt;br /&gt;
Upper Colorado River Basin regularly experiences significant year to year hydrologic variability. During the 21-year period 2000 to 2020, however, the unregulated inflow to Lake Powell, which is a good measure of hydrologic conditions in the Colorado River Basin, was above average in only 4 out of the past 19 years. The period 2000-2020 is the lowest 21-year period since the closure of Glen Canyon Dam in 1963, with an average unregulated inflow of 8.62 maf, or 80 percent of the 30-year average (1981-2010). (For comparison, the 1981-2010 total water year average is 10.83 maf.) The unregulated inflow during the 2000-2020 period has ranged from a low of 2.64 maf (24 percent of average) in water year 2002 to a high of 15.97 maf (147 percent of average) in water year 2011. In water year 2018 unregulated inflow volume to Lake Powell was 4.6 maf (43 percent of average), the third driest year on record above 2002 and 1977. [http://www.usbr.gov/uc/water/crsp/cs/gcd.html]&lt;br /&gt;
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! style=&amp;quot;width=33%; background:#cedff2;&amp;quot; | [http://www.usbr.gov/uc/water/crsp/cs/gcd.html Current Status] &amp;lt;br&amp;gt; &lt;br /&gt;
! style=&amp;quot;width=33%; background:#cedff2;&amp;quot; | [http://www.usbr.gov/uc/water/crsp/cs/gcd.html Current Operations] &amp;lt;br&amp;gt; &lt;br /&gt;
! style=&amp;quot;width=33%; background:#cedff2;&amp;quot; | [http://www.usbr.gov/uc/water/crsp/cs/gcd.html Inflow Forecasts and Model Projections] &amp;lt;br&amp;gt; &lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
{|style=&amp;quot;margin:0px 0px 0px 0px; background:none;&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
|class=&amp;quot;MainPageBG&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;width:55%; border:1px solid #cef2e0; background:#f5faff; vertical-align:top; color:#000;&amp;quot;|&lt;br /&gt;
{|width=&amp;quot;100%&amp;quot; cellpadding=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; cellspacing=&amp;quot;5&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;vertical-align:top; background:#f5faff;&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
! &amp;lt;h2 style=&amp;quot;margin:0; background:#cedff2; font-size:120%; font-weight:bold; border:1px solid #a3bfb1; text-align:left; color:#000; padding:0.2em 0.4em;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;Updates&amp;lt;/h2&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|style=&amp;quot;color:#000;&amp;quot;|&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=='''[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/index.html Upper Colorado Region Homepage]'''==&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/water/hydrodata/reservoir_data/919/dashboard.html Hydrodata dashboard for Lake Powell]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.nrcs.usda.gov/Internet/WCIS/basinCharts/POR/WTEQ/assocHUC2/Upper%20Colorado%20Region.html Lake Powell Snow Chart]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/water/crsp/studies/images/PowellForecast.png Lake Powell Inflow Forecast]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/water/crsp/studies/images/PowellElevations.png Lake Powell Elevation Projections]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/water/crsp/studies/images/PowellRelease.png Lake Powell Release Projections]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/water/crsp/cs/gcd.html Glen Canyon Dam Operations]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== '''USBR Weekly Water Reports''' ==&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/water/rsvrs/ops/WeeklyHydrologySummary/Weekly_Hydro.pdf Upper Colorado Region Weekly Hydrology Summary]&lt;br /&gt;
#Reservoir inflows (forecast and observed)&lt;br /&gt;
#Reservoir releases&lt;br /&gt;
#SNOTEL&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://www.usbr.gov/lc/region/g4000/weekly.pdf Lower Colorado Water Supply Report]&lt;br /&gt;
#Water use&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://www.usbr.gov/lc/region/g4000/wtracct.html Lower Colorado River Water Accounting]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/water/basin/index.html Colorado River Basin Tea-Cup Diagrams]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== '''USBR Monthly/Annual Reports''' ==&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/water/crsp/studies/index.html 24-Month Studies]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
#[https://www.usbr.gov/lc/region/g4000/24mo.pdf Most Probable 24-Month Study]&lt;br /&gt;
#[https://www.usbr.gov/lc/region/g4000/24mo_MIN.pdf Probable Minimum 24-Month Study]&lt;br /&gt;
#[https://www.usbr.gov/lc/region/g4000/24mo_MAX.pdf Probable Maximum 24-Month Study]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/water/rsvrs/ops/monthly_summaries/index.html Monthly Summaries]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/water/rsvrs/ops/aop/index.html Annual Operating Plans for Colorado River reservoirs]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== '''Snow Pack Reports''' ==&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.nrcs.usda.gov/Internet/WCIS/basinCharts/POR/WTEQ/assocHUC2/Upper%20Colorado%20Region.html Upper Colorado River Basin Snow Water Tracking]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/water/hydrodata/status_maps/  Upper Colorado Basin Conditions Map]&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://www.usbr.gov/uc/water/notice/snowpack.html Bureau of Reclamation- Snow Pack Report]&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://www.cbrfc.noaa.gov/snow/station/sweplot/sweplot.cgi?quick=multiple SNOWTEL Report]&lt;br /&gt;
**The snowtel report is a calculating report, and takes approximately 3 minutes to run.  &lt;br /&gt;
**Select the report under &amp;quot;Public&amp;quot;, listed as &amp;quot;Colorado River above Lake Powell&amp;quot; (116 snowtel sites).  &lt;br /&gt;
**Data source is updated at least daily.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== '''U.S. Drought Monitor''' ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://drought.unl.edu/DM/MONITOR.HTML U.S. Drought Monitor]&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://treeflow.info/basin.html Tree Flow Data]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Inflow Volumes to Lake Powell and Release Volumes from Glen Canyon Dam==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[https://www.usbr.gov/lc/region/g4000/NaturalFlow/provisional.html 10-year average natural inflow (2015-2024)]: 12.60 maf &amp;lt;br&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
[https://www.usbr.gov/lc/region/g4000/NaturalFlow/provisional.html 10-year average unregulated inflow (2016-2025)]: 8.06 maf &amp;lt;br&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
[https://www.usbr.gov/lc/region/g4000/NaturalFlow/provisional.html 10-year average release (2016-2025)]: 8.30 maf &amp;lt;br&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
[https://www.usbr.gov/lc/region/g4000/NaturalFlow/provisional.html 10-year average Lees Ferry Gage (2016-2025)]: 8.44 maf &amp;lt;br&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
{| class=&amp;quot;sortable wikitable&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;text-align:center;&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Water Year&lt;br /&gt;
![https://www.usbr.gov/lc/region/g4000/NaturalFlow/provisional.html Naturalized Flow at Lees Ferry (maf)]&lt;br /&gt;
![https://www.usbr.gov/uc/water/crsp/studies/index.html Unregulated Inflow (maf)]&lt;br /&gt;
![https://www.usbr.gov/uc/water/crsp/studies/index.html Release Volume (maf)]&lt;br /&gt;
![https://www.usbr.gov/uc/water/crsp/studies/index.html Lees Ferry Gage (maf)]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|2026||--||~03.401||~06.000||--||&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|2025||08.50||04.688||07.481||07.503||&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|2024||11.88||07.981||07.480||07.551||&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|2023||17.41||13.421||08.580||08.749||&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|2022||09.85||06.084||07.000||07.083||&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|2021||07.15||03.502||08.230||08.293|| &lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|2020||09.89||05.847||08.230||08.436|| &lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|2019||17.67||12.951||09.001||09.264|| &lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|2018||08.63|||04.612||09.000||09.171|| &lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|2017||16.40||11.905||09.000||09.170|| &lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|2016||13.44||09.616||09.000||09.138|| &lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|2015||13.41||10.174||09.000||09.157|| &lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|2014||13.98||10.381||07.480||07.590|| &lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|2013||09.11||05.117||08.232||08.289|| &lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|2012||08.50||04.908||09.466||09.542|| &lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|2011||20.16||15.971||12.518||12.753|| &lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|2010||12.32||08.426||08.235||08.437|| &lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|2009||14.27||10.220||08.236||08.406|| &lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|2008||16.21||12.086||08.978||09.180|| &lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|2007||12.56||08.754||08.231||08.421|| &lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|2006||12.61||08.626||08.228||08.507|| &lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|2005||16.89||12.795||08.232||08.395|| &lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|2004||09.59||05.913||08.231||08.348|| &lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|2003||10.53||06.161||08.229||08.372|| &lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|2002||05.93||02.643||08.230||08.347|| &lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|2001||11.04||06.994||08.236||08.361||&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|2000||10.56||06.936||09.381||09.529|| &lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|1999||16.43||12.800||11.204||11.430||&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|1998||16.97||13.520||13.510||13.440|| &lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|1997||21.15||17.053||13.824||13.874|| &lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|1996||14.07||10.402||11.522||11.532|| &lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|1995||19.80||15.905||09.223||09.242|| &lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|1994||10.64||06.794||08.289||08.304|| &lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|1993||18.63||14.437||08.102||08.137|| &lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|1992||11.10||07.352||08.002||08.023|| &lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|1991||12.35||08.801||08.121||08.131|| &lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|1990||09.00||05.311||08.140||08.151|| &lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|1989||09.60||05.939||07.981||07.994|| &lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|1988||11.68||07.989||08.144||08.160|| &lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|1987||16.61||13.377||13.429||13.450|| &lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|1986||22.36||18.546||16.848||16.866|| &lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|1985||21.06||17.517||19.094||19.109|| &lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|1984||24.18||20.846||20.499||20.518|| &lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|1983||23.70||20.371||17.493||17.520|| &lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|1982||16.67||12.771||08.304||08.323|| &lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|1981||08.68||05.639||08.295||08.316|| &lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|1980||17.27||13.682||10.907||10.950|| &lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|1979||17.55||14.189||08.297||08.333|| &lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|1978||14.85||11.059||08.354||08.369|| &lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|1977||05.52||03.529||08.260||08.269|| &lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|1976||11.21||08.431||08.482||08.494|| &lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|1975||16.53||13.095||09.255||09.274|| &lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|1974||12.96||09.970||08.266||08.277|| &lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|1973||19.14||15.974||10.108||10.141|| &lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|1972||12.44||09.329||09.311||09.330|| &lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|1971||14.73||11.798||08.591||08.607|| &lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|1970||15.06||11.992||08.692||08.688|| &lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|1969||14.45||11.520||08.823||08.850 ||&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|1968||13.34||10.319||08.334||08.358 ||&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|1967||11.71||08.979||07.797||07.824 ||&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|1966||11.06||08.689||07.854||07.870 ||&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|1965||18.36||15.046||10.820||10.835 ||&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|1964||10.38||07.492||02.413||02.427|| &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[File:LakePowellInflows1906 2012.JPG|left|500px|thumbnail|[https://usea.org/sites/default/files/event-/Final_Colorado_Overview.pdf https://usea.org/sites/default/files/event-/Final_Colorado_Overview.pdf] ]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[File:GlenCanyonRelease1995 2015.JPG|left|500px|thumbnail|[http://www.lakepowell.org/page_two/what_s_new/what_s_new.html http://www.lakepowell.org/page_two/what_s_new/what_s_new.html] ]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[File:LakePowellelevations1963 2012.JPG|left|500px|thumbnail|[https://www.hcn.org/blogs/goat/is-lake-powell-really-shrinking https://www.hcn.org/blogs/goat/is-lake-powell-really-shrinking] ]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;!--&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
--------------------------------ADDITIONAL-------------------------------&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|class=&amp;quot;MainPageBG&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;width:45%; border:1px solid #cedff2; background:#f5faff; vertical-align:top;&amp;quot;|&lt;br /&gt;
{| width=&amp;quot;100%&amp;quot; cellpadding=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; cellspacing=&amp;quot;5&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;vertical-align:top; background:#f5faff;&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
! &amp;lt;h2 style=&amp;quot;margin:0; background:#cedff2; font-size:120%; font-weight:bold; border:1px solid #a3b0bf; text-align:left; color:#000; padding:0.2em 0.4em;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;Stream Flow Gages&amp;lt;/h2&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|style=&amp;quot;color:#000;&amp;quot;|&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://graphs.water-data.com/lakepowell/ Lake Powell Water Level Graphs]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.wapa.gov/regions/CRSP/OpsMaint/Pages/scada.aspx Glen Canyon Dam releases (SCADA)]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/lc/region/g4000/riverops/_HdbWebQuery.html Glen Canyon Dam releases (HDB), SDI for total release = 1872]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.gcmrc.gov/discharge_qw_sediment/station/GCDAMP/GCMRC-GCLT1 Water Holes Canyon above the mouth]&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://www.gcmrc.gov/discharge_qw_sediment/station/GCDAMP/09380000 Colorado River at Lees Ferry]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.gcmrc.gov/discharge_qw_sediment/station/GCDAMP/09381800 Paria River near Kanab, UT]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.gcmrc.gov/discharge_qw_sediment/station/GCDAMP/09382000 Paria River at Lees Ferry, AZ]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.gcmrc.gov/discharge_qw_sediment/station/GCDAMP/GCMRC-MCLT1 Badger Creek below highway 89A near Vermillion Cliffs, AZ]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.gcmrc.gov/discharge_qw_sediment/station/GCDAMP/GCMRC-MCLT2 Tanner Wash below highway 89A near Bitter Springs, AZ]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.gcmrc.gov/discharge_qw_sediment/station/GCDAMP/GCMRC-MCLT3 House Rock Wash above Emmett Wash near Cliff Dwellers, AZ]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.gcmrc.gov/discharge_qw_sediment/station/GCDAMP/GCMRC-MCLT5 North Canyon near Cliff Dwellers, AZ]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.gcmrc.gov/discharge_qw_sediment/station/GCDAMP/GCMRC-MCLT6 Shinumo Wash in Twentynine Mile Canyon near Cedar Ridge, AZ]&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://www.gcmrc.gov/discharge_qw_sediment/station/GCDAMP/09383050 Colorado River near river mile 30]&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://www.gcmrc.gov/discharge_qw_sediment/station/GCDAMP/09383100 Colorado River above Little Colorado River near Desert View, AZ]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.gcmrc.gov/discharge_qw_sediment/station/GCDAMP/09401260 Moenkopi Wash at Moenkopi, AZ]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.gcmrc.gov/discharge_qw_sediment/station/GCDAMP/09401500 Moenkopi Wash near Cameron, AZ]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.gcmrc.gov/discharge_qw_sediment/station/GCDAMP/09401000 Little Colorado River at Grand Falls, AZ]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.gcmrc.gov/discharge_qw_sediment/station/GCDAMP/09402000 Little Colorado River near Cameron, AZ]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.gcmrc.gov/discharge_qw_sediment/station/GCDAMP/09402300 Little Colorado River above the mouth near Desert View, AZ]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.gcmrc.gov/discharge_qw_sediment/station/GCDAMP/09402500 Colorado River near Grand Canyon, AZ]&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://www.gcmrc.gov/discharge_qw_sediment/station/GCDAMP/09403000 Bright Angel Creek near Grand Canyon, AZ]&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://www.gcmrc.gov/discharge_qw_sediment/station/GCDAMP/GCMRC-MCLT6 Shinumo Creek]&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://www.gcmrc.gov/discharge_qw_sediment/station/GCDAMP/09403850 Kanab Creek above the mouth near Supai, AZ]&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://www.gcmrc.gov/discharge_qw_sediment/station/GCDAMP/09404115 Havasu Creek above the mouth near Supai, AZ]&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://www.gcmrc.gov/discharge_qw_sediment/station/GCDAMP/09404120 Colorado River above National Canyon near Supai, AZ]&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://www.gcmrc.gov/discharge_qw_sediment/station/GCDAMP/09404200 Colorado River above Diamond Creek near Peach Springs, AZ]&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://graphs.water-data.com/lakemead/ Lake Mead Water Level Graphs]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! &amp;lt;h2 style=&amp;quot;margin:0; background:#cedff2; font-size:120%; font-weight:bold; border:1px solid #a3b0bf; text-align:left; color:#000; padding:0.2em 0.4em;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;Presentations and Papers&amp;lt;/h2&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|style=&amp;quot;color:#000;&amp;quot;|&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''2026'''&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/twg/2026-06-10-twg-meeting/uc-gcdamp-twg-basinhydrology-508-20260610.pdf Basin Hydrology and Operations]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/amwg/2026-05-13-amwg-meeting/uc-gcdamp-amwg-basinhydrology-508-20260513.pdf Basin Hydrology and Operations]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/twg/2026-04-09-twg-meeting/uc-gcdamp-twg-basinhydrology-508-20260409.pdf Basin Hydrology and Operations]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/twg/2026-02-05-twg-meeting/uc-gcdamp-twg-basinhydrology-508-20260205.pdf Basin Hydrology and Operations]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''2025'''&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/twg/2024-07-10-twg-meeting/20240710-BasinHydrologyOperations-508-AMWD.pdf Basin Hydrology and Operations]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/twg/2025-04-10-twg-meeting/uc-gcdamp-twg-basinhydrology-508-20250410.pdf Basin Hydrology and Operations]&lt;br /&gt;
*[[Media:Schmidt_Fleck_reservoir_storage.pdf|Colorado River Basin Reservoir Storage: where do we stand?]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''2024'''&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/twg/2024-10-30-twg-meeting/20241030-BasinHydrologyOperations-508-AMWQD.pdf Basin Hydrology and Operations]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/amwg/2024-08-22-amwg-meeting/20240822-BasinHydrologyOperations-508-AMWQD.pdf Basin Hydrology and Operations ]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/amwg/2024-05-15-amwg-meeting/20240515-BasinHydrologyOperations-508-UCRO.pdf Basin Hydrology and Operations ]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/amwg/2024-02-29-amwg-meeting/20240229-BasinHydrologyOperations-508-UCRO.pdf Basin Hydrology and Operations ]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/twg/2024-01-25-twg-meeting/20240125-TWGMeeting-UpperColoradoRiverBasinIRADroughtMitigationPrograms-508-UCRO.pdf Upper Colorado River Basin IRA Drought Mitigation Programs ]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/twg/2024-01-25-twg-meeting/20240125-TWGMeeting-BasinHydrologyOperations-508-UCRO.pdf Basin Hydrology and Operations ]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://qcnr.usu.edu/coloradoriver/blog/WY2023-schmidt-4 Reservoir Storage at the End of 2023 – Holding On to What We Have]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''2023'''&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/twg/2023-11-08-twg-meeting/20231108-BasinHydrologyOperationsWaterQuality-508-UCRO.pdf Basin Hydrology, Operations and Water Quality]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/amwg/2023-08-17-amwg-meeting/20230817-BasinHydrologyOperations-508-UCRO.pdf Basin Hydrology and Operations]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/twg/2023-06-15-twg-meeting/20230615-BasinHydrologyOperationsWaterQuality-508-UCRO.pdf Basin Hydrology, Operations, and Water Quality]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/twg/2023-04-13-twg-meeting/20230413-BasinHydrologyOperations-508-UCRO.pdf Basin Hydrology and Operations]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/amwg/2023-02-16-amwg-meeting/20230216-GlenCanyonDamOperationsUpperBasinHydrologyWaterQuality-508-UCRO.pdf Glen Canyon Dam Operations and Upper Basin Hydrology and Water Quality]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/twg/2023-01-26-twg-meeting/20230126-TWGMeeting-BasinHydrologyWaterQuality-508-UCRO.pdf Basin Hydrology and Water Quality]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''2022'''&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://qcnr.usu.edu/coloradoriver/files/news/White-Paper-7.pdf Evaluating the Accuracy of Reclamation’s 24-Month Study Lake Powell Projections]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/twg/2022-10-13-twg-meeting/20221013-BasinHydrologyOperationsWaterQuality-508-UCRO.pdf Basin Hydrology, Operations and Water Quality ]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/amwg/2022-08-18-amwg-meeting/20220818-Smith-AMWG-DROA-PPT_508.pdf AMP Role Relative to Implementing the Drought Response Operating Agreement]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/amwg/2022-08-18-amwg-meeting/20220818-BasinHydrologyOperationsWaterQuality-508-UCRO.pdf Basin Hydrology, Operations and Water Quality ]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/twg/2022-06-16-twg-meeting/20220616-BasinHydrologyOperationsWaterQuality-508-UCRO.pdf Basin Hydrology, Operations and Water Quality ]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/amwg/2022-05-18-amwg-meeting/20220518-BasinHydrologyOperations-508-UCRO.pdf Basin Hydrology and Operations ]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/twg/2022-04-13-twg-meeting/20220413-BasinHydrologyOperationsWaterQuality-Presentation-508-UCRO.pdf Basin Hydrology, Operations, and Water Quality ]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/twg/2022-01-13-twg-meeting/20220113-TWGMeeting-BasinHydrologyOperationsWaterQuality-508-UCRO.pdf Basin Hydrology, Operations and Water Quality ]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/amwg/2022-02-10-amwg-meeting/20220210-BasinHydrologyWaterQualityOperations-508-UCRO.pdf Basin Hydrology, Water Quality, and Operations ]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''2021'''&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/twg/2021-10-14-twg-meeting/20211014-ColoradoRiverBasinAugust20215-yearProjectedFutureConditions-Presentation-508-UCRO.pdf Colorado River Basin August 2021 5-year Projected Future Conditions ]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/twg/2021-10-14-twg-meeting/20211014-Long-TermHydrologicProjectionsColoradoRiverBasinMethodsConsideringUncertainty-Presentation-508-UCRO.pdf Long-Term Hydrologic Projections for the Colorado River Basin and Methods for Considering Uncertainty]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/twg/2021-06-17-twg-meeting/20210617-ColoradoRiverBasinApril20215-yearProjectedFutureConditions-508-UCRO.pdf Colorado River Basin April 2021 5-year Projected Future Conditions ]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/twg/2021-06-17-twg-meeting/20210617-BasinHydrologyOperations-508-UCRO.pdf Basin Hydrology and Operations ]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/amwg/2021-05-19-amwg-meeting/20210519-BasinHydrologyOperation-Presentation-508-UCRO.pdf Basin Hydrology and Operations ]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/twg/2021-04-14-twg-meeting/20210414-UpdateHydrologyOperationsWaterQualityConditions-508-UCRO.pdf Update on Hydrology, Operations and Water Quality Conditions ]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/amwg/2021-02-11-amwg-meeting/20210211-BasinHydrologyOperations-508-UCRO.pdf Basin Hydrology and Operations ]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/twg/2021-01-22-twg-meeting/20210122-BasinHydrologyOperations-508-UCRO.pdf Basin Hydrology and Operations ]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''2020'''&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/twg/2020-10-15-twg-meeting/20201015-OpsHydrologyTWG-508.pdf TWG Basin Hydrology and Operations ]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/amwg/2020-08-20-amwg-meeting/20200820-BasinHydrologyReservoirOperations2020-2021Hydrograph-Presentation-508-UCRO.pdf Basin Hydrology, Reservoir Operations 2020 and 2021 Hydrograph ]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/twg/2020-06-24-twg-meeting/20200624-HydrologyOperationsReservoirRelease-508-UCRO.pdf Hydrology, Operations and Reservoir Release presentation ]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/amwg/2020-05-20-amwg-meeting/20200520-AMWG-HydrologyOperationsReservoirRelease-508-UCRO.pdf Hydrology, Operations and Reservoir Release presentation ]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/amwg/2020-02-12-amwg-meeting/20200212-AMWG-HydrologyOperationsReservoirRelease-Presentation-508-UCRO.pdf Hydrology, Operations and Reservoir Release]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''2019'''&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/twg/2019-10-21-twg-meeting/20191021-BasinHydrologyReservoirOperations2020Hydrograph-Presentation-508-UCRO.pdf Basin Hydrology, Reservoir Operations and 2020 Hydrograph Presentation ]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''2018'''&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://www.yumaheritage.com/docs/2nd-A-1JackSchmidt_USU_LoganUT.pdf?bcsi_scan_16614fa24ff8c4a5=0&amp;amp;bcsi_scan_filename=2nd-A-1JackSchmidt_USU_LoganUT.pdf Urban Waterfronts 2018]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/twg/2018-10-10-twg-meeting/Attach_06.pdf Basin Hydrology, Water Years 2018-2019 Operations PPT]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/amwg/2018-08-22-amwg-meeting/Attach_02.pdf Basin Hydrology, Reservoir Operations 2018 and 2019 Hydrograph]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://qcnr.usu.edu/wats/colorado_river_studies/files/documents/Udall.pdf How Will the Colorado Run? The Colorado River in a Warmer World]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/twg/2018-06-25-twg-meeting/Attach_04.pdf Basin Hydrology, Water Years 2018-2019 Operations PPT]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/amwg/2018-05-22-amwg-meeting/Attach_02.pdf Basin Hydrology, Reservoir Operations 2018 and 2019 Hydrograph PPT]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/twg/2018-04-23-twg-meeting/Attach_13.pdf The 21st Century Colorado River Hot Drought and Implications for the Future PPT]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/twg/2018-04-23-twg-meeting/Attach_06.pdf Basin Hydrology, Water Years 2018-2019 Operations PPT]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/amwg/2018-02-14-amwg-meeting/Attach_03.pdf Basin Hydrology, Water Years 2018-2019 Operations PPT]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/twg/2018-01-25-twg-meeting/AR21.pdf Basin Hydrology, Operations and 2018 Hydrograph PPT]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/twg/2018-01-25-twg-meeting/Attach_04.pdf Basin Hydrology, Water Years 2018-2019 Operations PPT]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''2017'''&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/amwg/2017-02-15-amwg-meeting/Attach_16.pdf Analysis of Water Losses and Impacts to the Grand Canyon Ecosystem of the &amp;quot;Fill Mead First&amp;quot; Proposal]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://qcnr.usu.edu/wats/colorado_river_studies/files/documents/Fill_Mead_First_Exec_Summary.pdf Fill Mead First: A technical assessment (Summary)]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://qcnr.usu.edu/wats/colorado_river_studies/files/documents/Fill_Mead_First_Analysis.pdf Fill Mead First: A technical assessment (Analysis)]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/twg/2017-04-20-twg-meeting/Attach_03.pdf Basin Hydrology and Operations]&lt;br /&gt;
*[[Media:Feb2017 OperationsCall.pdf| February 2017 Glen Canyon Montly Operational Coordination Call]]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/amwg/2017-02-15-amwg-meeting/Attach_05.pdf Basin Hydrology, and 2017-2018 Operations]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/amwg/2017-02-15-amwg-meeting/Attach_16.pdf Analysis of Water Losses and Impacts to the Grand Canyon Ecosystem of the &amp;quot;Fill Mead First&amp;quot; Proposal and PPT]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/twg/2017-01-26-twg-meeting/A6_Davidson.pdf Basin Hydrology, Operations and 2018 Hydrograph]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''2016'''&lt;br /&gt;
*[[Media:Aug2016 Information.pdf| August 2016 DOI-DOE Federal Family call on Glen Canyon Operations ]]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://qcnr.usu.edu/coloradoriver/news/wp1.php Fill Mead First – A Technical Assessment]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/amwg/2016-08-24-amwg-meeting/Attach_05.pdf Basin Hydrology and Water Year (WY) 2017 Hydrograph]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/amwg/2016-05-25-amwg-meeting/Attach_02.pdf Basin Hydrology, Operations, and 2017 Hydrograph]&lt;br /&gt;
*[[Media:2017 Hydrology PPT.pdf| TWG: Basin Hydrology, Operations, and 2017 Hydrograph]]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/amwg/2016-02-24-amwg-meeting/Attach_08.pdf Basin Hydrology, Operations, and 2017 Hydrograph]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/twg/2016-02-26-twg-meeting/Attach_03.pdf Glen Canyon Dam Operations During Equalization]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/twg/2016-02-26-twg-meeting/AR01_Topping.pdf Project 2: Streamflow,  Water Quality, Sediment Transport, and Sand Budgets in the Colorado River Ecosystem]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''2015'''&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://drive.google.com/file/d/0BwY-Z2c3NTUGMHhacTF4enJ1eGs/view 2016 Annual Operating Plan]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://drive.google.com/file/d/0BwY-Z2c3NTUGTU41NkhzUi1ZTTg/view California Drought Monitor]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://drive.google.com/file/d/0BwY-Z2c3NTUGOVVVUXFhZVBvNmM/view Lake Mead Issues and Lower Basin Shortage Preparedness]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://drive.google.com/file/d/0BwY-Z2c3NTUGbDNmN3FOeW05b3c/view Lake Mead Issues and Lower Basin Shortage Preparedness - Presentation]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://drive.google.com/file/d/0BwY-Z2c3NTUGbmRuSzRqVm5ydHc/view Basin Hydrology Operations, and 2016 Hydrograph]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/twg/2015-06-11-twg-meeting/Attach_04.pdf Basin Hydrology Operations, and 2016 Hydrograph]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://drive.google.com/file/d/0BwY-Z2c3NTUGMHhacTF4enJ1eGs/view 2016 Annual Operating Plan]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/amwg/2015-05-28-amwg-meeting/Attach_05.pdf Basin Hydrology and WY 2016 Hydrograph]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/twg/2015-04-21-twg-meeting/Attach_03.pdf Hydrology Update and 2016 Hydrograph]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/twg/2015-04-21-twg-meeting/Attach_07.pdf Water Quality in Lake Mead and Upstream Influences: Dissolved Oxygen during 2014] &lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/amwg/2015-02-25-amwg-meeting/Attach_02.pdf Basin Hydrology, Operations, and 2016 Hydrograph] &lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/amwg/2015-02-25-amwg-meeting/Attach_03a.pdf Panel on Current Projects and Issues in Utah]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/amwg/2015-02-25-amwg-meeting/Attach_03b.pdf Central Utah Project]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/amwg/2015-02-25-amwg-meeting/Attach_03c.pdf Meeting the Mitigation Requirement for the Bonneville Unit CUP]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/amwg/2015-02-25-amwg-meeting/Attach_03d.pdf Current Projects and Issues in Utah]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/amwg/2015-02-25-amwg-meeting/Attach_03e.pdf Provo Area Office]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''2014'''&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/twg/2014-10-28-twg-meeting/Attach_09.pdf Colorado River Annual Operating Plan and Drought Contingency Planning ]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/amwg/2014-08-27-amwg-meeting/Attach_02b.pdf DOI-DOE Hydrograph Development for Water Year 2015  ]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/amwg/2014-08-27-amwg-meeting/Attach_02a.pdf Basin Hydrology, Operations ] &lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/twg/2014-06-24-twg-meeting/Attach_06a.pdf Basin Hydrology, Operations, and 2015 Hydrograph ] &lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/amwg/2014-05-27-amwg-meeting/Attach_01.pdf Basin Hydrology, Operations, and 2015 Hydrograph and AIF: Development of Water Year 2015 Hydrograph ] &lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/amwg/2014-02-19-amwg-meeting/Attach_02.pdf Basin Hydrology, Operations, and 2015 Hydrograph ] &lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/amwg/2014-02-19-amwg-meeting/Attach_03a.pdf Panel on the Potential Effects of Long-Term Drought on Colorado River Operations ] &lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/amwg/2014-02-19-amwg-meeting/Attach_03b.pdf Near Term Risks: Options to Address Declining Reservoirs ] &lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/amwg/2014-02-19-amwg-meeting/Attach_03c.pdf State of Nevada Concerns ] &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''2013'''&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/amwg/2013-08-08-amwg-meeting/Attach_04.pdf Water Year 2014 Hydrograph ]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/amwg/2013-08-08-amwg-meeting/Attach_03.pdf Basin Hydrology and Operations ]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/twg/2013-06-26-twg-meeting/Attach_04.pdf Colorado River Basin Hydrology and Projected Glen Canyon Dam Operations ]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/twg/2013-06-26-twg-meeting/Attach_05a.pdf DOI/DOE FY14 Hydrograph ]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/twg/2013-06-26-twg-meeting/Attach_05b.pdf Approved FY14 Hydrograph ]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/amwg/2013-02-20-amwg-meeting/Attach_04.pdf Glen Canyon Dam Facility Management]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/amwg/2013-02-20-amwg-meeting/Attach_02.pdf Basin Hydrology and Operations]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/amwg/2013-02-20-amwg-meeting/Attach_03.pdf Colorado River Basin Water Supply and Demand Study]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/twg/2013-01-24-twg-meeting/Attach_05.pdf Executive Summary--Pre-Production Copy of the Colorado River Basin Water Supply and Demand Study]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/lc/region/programs/crbstudy/finalreport/index.html Colorado River Basin Water Study &amp;amp; Demand Study - Final Study Reports]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''2012'''&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/amwg/2012-08-29-amwg-meeting/Attach_03.pdf Basin Hydrology ]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/amwg/2012-08-29-amwg-meeting/Attach_06a.pdf Water Year 2013 Hydrograph ]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/amwg/2012-08-29-amwg-meeting/Attach_06b.pdf TWG Report: 2013 Hydrograph ]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/twg/2012-06-20-twg-meeting/Attach_04a.pdf DOI and DOE Operating Hydrograph Recommendations for GCD (2012 water year)]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/twg/2012-06-20-twg-meeting/Attach_04b.pdf Water Year 2013 Hydrograph TWG Motion ]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/amwg/2012-02-22-amwg-meeting/Attach_05.pdf 2013 Hydrograph Development ]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/twg/2012-02-02-twg-meeting/Attach_07.pdf FY2013 Hydrograph (from 8/2011 AMWG meeting)]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/amwg/2012-02-22-amwg-meeting/Attach_09.pdf Basin Hydrology and Operations ]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.gcmrc.gov/about/ka/KA%202%20-%2010-19-11/AM%20Talks/Grams%20Flow%20Temp%20Turbidity.pdf Flow Temp Turbidity ]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''2011'''&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/amwg/2011-08-24-amwg-meeting/Attach_09.pdf 2012 Hydrograph ]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/amwg/2011-08-24-amwg-meeting/Attach_08.pdf Basin Hydrology ]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/twg/2011-06-28-twg-meeting/Attach_06a.pdf 2012 Hydrograph Development ]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/twg/2011-06-28-twg-meeting/Attach_06b.pdf Department of the Interior and Department of Energy Operating Hydrograph Recommendations for Glen Canyon Dam (2012 Water Year), June 6, 2011]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/amwg/2011-05-18-amwg-meeting/Attach_03.pdf Basin Hydrology ]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/amwg/2011-05-18-amwg-meeting/Attach_10.pdf Secure Water Act Section 9503 (c) - Water and Climate Change]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/amwg/2011-05-18-amwg-meeting/Attach_04.pdf WY2012 Hydrograph Development ]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/twg/2011-03-08-twg-meeting/Attach_05a.pdf 2012 Hydrograph Development ]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/twg/2011-03-08-twg-meeting/Attach_05b.pdf Grand Canyon Trust Proposed FY2012 Hydrograph]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/twg/2011-01-20-twg-meeting/Attach_04a.pdf Bureau of Reclamation Updates ]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''2010'''&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/amwg/2010-08-24-amwg-meeting/Attach_07a.pdf Fiscal Year 2011-12 Hydrograph and E-mail Message to the AMWG from Anne Castle Dated July 23, 2010, Subject: July 23 Final Draft DOI-DOE Proposed Hydrograph Recommendations]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/amwg/2010-08-24-amwg-meeting/Attach_07b.pdf Department of the Interior and Department of the Energy Recommendations for Glen Canyon Dam with August 23, 2010, edits]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/amwg/2010-08-24-amwg-meeting/Attach_07c.pdf Grand Canyon Protection Act]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/amwg/2010-08-24-amwg-meeting/Attach_07d.pdf Report on Modeling the 2008-2010 Period to Support Development of the 2011 Hydrograph]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/amwg/2010-08-24-amwg-meeting/Attach_07e.pdf Proposed Water year 2011 Hydrograph: Impacts on CRSP Electric Power Resources]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/amwg/2010-08-24-amwg-meeting/Attach_07f.pdf Grand Canyon Trust Hydrograph Proposal]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/amwg/2010-08-24-amwg-meeting/Attach_06.pdf Basin Hydrology and Operations]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/amwg/2010-02-03-amwg-meeting/Attach_12.pdf Basin Hydrology and PPT]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/twg/2010-01-21-twg-meeting/Attach_03b.pdf Figure 1, AOP, BOR, AMWG monthly volumes]&lt;br /&gt;
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'''2009'''&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/amwg/2009-08-12-amwg-meeting/Attach_08a.pdf FY2010-11 Draft Budget, Workplan, and Hydrograph]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/amwg/2009-08-12-amwg-meeting/Attach_08b.pdf Basin Hydrology PPT]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/amwg/2009-04-29-amwg-meeting/Attach_11.pdf Basin Hydrology and PPT]&lt;br /&gt;
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*[http://www.riversimulator.org/Resources/AquaticResearch/MLFFfailureKorman2004.pdf ***DRAFT*** Evidence for the Failure of the Modified Low Fluctuating Flow Alternative (MLFFA) to Benefit Most Ecological Resources in Grand Canyon ]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2006/1243/pdf/of06-1243_508.pdf Hazel et al. 2006. Stage-Discharge Relations for the Colorado River in Glen, Marble, and Grand Canyons, Arizona: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2006-1243, 7 p]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/pp1677/pdf/pp1677.pdf Topping et al. 2003.  Computation and analysis of the instantaneous-discharge record for the Colorado River at Lees Ferry, Arizona, May 8, 1921 through September 30, 2000: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1677, 118 p.]&lt;br /&gt;
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&amp;lt;Span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/Span&amp;gt;&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Cellsworth</name></author>	</entry>

	<entry>
		<id>http://gcdamp.com/index.php?title=TCD_Learning_Page&amp;diff=11292</id>
		<title>TCD Learning Page</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://gcdamp.com/index.php?title=TCD_Learning_Page&amp;diff=11292"/>
				<updated>2026-10-13T15:42:26Z</updated>
		
		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Cellsworth: &lt;/p&gt;
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== Temperature Control ==&lt;br /&gt;
Before Glen Canyon Dam was constructed, the natural flow cycle of the Colorado River included a seasonal warming trend in the late summer as the water temperature would increase from the near freezing winter temperature to approximately 85 degrees. Once the dam was constructed, the temperature of the water released downstream became relatively steady at between 45-50 degrees as water was drawn year round from the deep, fixed level penstock intakes (used for power production). Near the dam, these cold releases are tolerated by the trout fishery, but as this water moves downstream, it only warms to about 60 degrees which is not warm enough to allow endangered, native, warm water fish, such as the humpback chub, to reproduce in the mainstem of the Colorado River.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (FWS) issued a biological opinion in 1994, that recommended that temperature control modifications to the existing intake structures at the dam, be investigated by the Bureau of Reclamation (Reclamation). Temperature control modifications would allow for water to be drawn from different depths of the reservoir. Instead of only drawing water from the existing intake openings which are fairly deep and cold, the temperature control modifications would allow for water to be drawn from closer to the reservoir surface, which is much warmer. The goal would be to determine the right temperature combination of the cold and warmer water withdrawals to benefit the native endangered fish, while avoiding the possibility of encouraging competitors (non-native, warm-water fish) into the system. [https://www.usbr.gov/uc/rm/amp/tcd/]&lt;br /&gt;
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{|width=&amp;quot;100%&amp;quot; cellpadding=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; cellspacing=&amp;quot;5&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;vertical-align:top; background:#f5faff;&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
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===Warmer water===&lt;br /&gt;
*Increases native fish growth (and survival)&lt;br /&gt;
*Increases foodbase production and diversity&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Colder water===&lt;br /&gt;
*Decreases threat of nonnative fish proliferation&lt;br /&gt;
*Provides cold water to sustain the Lees Ferry trout fishery&lt;br /&gt;
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=='''Thermal Curtain'''==&lt;br /&gt;
Examples: Whiskeytown Reservoir, Lewiston Reservoir, Iron Gate Dam, Burrendong Dam. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
A thermal curtain is a type of selective withdrawal structure that can be installed on existing facilities without interrupting operations. Depending on how a thermal curtain is configured, they can be used to either increase or decrease release temperatures. The thermal curtain is constructed of a non-permeable material that is installed in the forebay of a reservoir. If cooler release temperatures are desired, the thermal curtain is configured to extend from the water’s surface down to the thermocline. This blocks the warmer, surface water from entering the dam’s intakes and being released downstream. If warmer release temperatures are desired, the thermal curtain is configured to extend from the thermocline down to the bottom of the reservoir. This blocks the colder, sub-surface water from entering the dam’s intakes and being released downstream. Thermal curtains can also be configured to cool water temperatures in the dam’s forebay to create a behavioral barrier to warmwater fish entrainment through the dam. Behavioral barriers are generally considered more effective than mechanical barriers (i.e. screens, nets, electrical fields, etc.) in reducing fish entrainment. Thermal curtains have been successfully deployed in both warm-water and cold-water configurations. Initial modeling has suggested a thermal curtain installed at Glen Canyon Dam could reduce water temperatures in the forebay and lower release temperatures enough to reach downstream temperature targets without the need of bypass. This potentially resolves issues associated with reduced hydropower generation and impacts to the Basin Fund, which is needed to fund the operations and maintenance of the CRSP system, while also reducing warm-water fish entrainment and providing increased control of release temperatures to meet downstream biological goals.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Image:GlenCanyonThermalCurtain3d.jpg|thumb|center|400px|Depiction of a thermal curtain in the forebay above Glen Canyon Dam‎]]&lt;br /&gt;
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[[Image:Thermal Curtain coldwater.png|thumb|center|400px|‎A thermal curtain configured to cool dam releases]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Image:Thermal Curtain warmwater.png|thumb|center|400px|A thermal curtain configured to warm dam releases]]&lt;br /&gt;
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=='''Temperature Control Device (TCD)''' ==&lt;br /&gt;
Examples: Flaming Gorge Dam, Shasta Dam, Folsom Dam, Jordanelle Dam, Hungry Horse Dam, Cougar Dam, Applegate Lake. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
A selective temperature withdrawal system is a rigid steel structures on the upstream face of the dam to enclose the penstock intakes (Svoboda 2020). Selective temperature withdrawal systems can be new external-frame structures that are attached to the dam or retrofit modifications to existing dam features, such as adding gates to the trash rack structure around the penstock intakes (Svoboda 2020). A previous selective temperature withdrawal system has been considered for the Glen Canyon Dam in the early 2007-2008 (Vermeyen 2011). Earlier proposals for the selective temperature withdrawal system were focused on warming downstream releases but the design was never finished. &lt;br /&gt;
  &lt;br /&gt;
[[Image:HungryHorseTCD.png|thumb|center|400px|‎Design of the TCD at Hungry Horse Dam]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Image:GlenCanyonTCD.png|thumb|center|400px|‎Depiction of a two unit TCD at Glen Canyon Dam]]&lt;br /&gt;
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=='''Destratification: (Bubblers, Pumps, etc.)'''==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Mixing thermal strata in the Glen Canyon Dam forebay that results in substantial cooling during times of otherwise warm water releases (typically summer through fall) is likely to reduce or eliminate smallmouth bass spawning in the mainstem Colorado River below the dam. Also, mixing thermal strata in the Glen Canyon Dam forebay and cooling the water would likely reduce the number of warmwater nonnative fish present in the forebay, including smallmouth bass. Smallmouth bass would likely move out of the area to seek warmer waters (Carter et al., 2012) such as the shallow, littoral habitat found in nearby Wahweap Bay. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Image:BubblePlume.jpg|thumb|center|400px|Depiction of a bubble plume destratifying the forebay at Glen Canyon Dam]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Image:DraftTubePump.jpg|thumb|center|400px|‎Depiction of a pump and draft tube destratifying the forebay at Glen Canyon Dam]]&lt;br /&gt;
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=='''Floating Pumping Platform or Trunnion Cold Water Withdrawal'''==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Two different modifications are being suggested as direct piping of cold water to the intake. One proposed solution came from a 2020 technology search by yet2 sponsored by the Bureau of Reclamation focused on new technologies to control water temperature of reservoir release flows. This proposed solution would be a floating pumping platform that could be placed into the forebay to pump water at a fixed or variable water depth directly to the intake of the penstock (Makai Ocean Engineering; Figure 1). Difference variations for this model could range from several pumping stations suppling cold water to the penstocks or only a selective few of penstocks. A second proposed solution would be Trunnion cold water withdrawal. The idea behind this system is that a pipe is hinged and sealed at the intake to bring in cold water (Sherman 2000; Figure 2). For both suggestions, the theory is that enough cold water could be mixed in the penstock to reduce temperatures discharging from the dam.&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
[[Image:Trunnion.jpg|thumb|center|400px|‎Depiction of a trunnion attached to the face of Glen Canyon Dam]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=='''[https://gcdamp.com/index.php/SEIS_Bypass_Releases Bypass]'''==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
This is a continuation of current operations at Glen Canyon Dam developed as part of the Smallmouth Bass Supplemental Environmental Impact Statement (SEIS). The SEIS was finalized in June of 2024 and the Record of Decision was signed and implemented in July 2024. There are 5 possible options for Glen Canyon Dam releases to keep water temperatures at river mile 61 in Grand Canyon at or below 15.5°C. For a more complete summary and discussion of flow alternatives, please refer to the Final SEIS (Bureau of Reclamation, 2024) or see the [https://gcdamp.com/index.php/SEIS_Bypass_Releases the page for the SEIS Bypass Releases]. &lt;br /&gt;
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*[http://www.usbr.gov/uc/rm/amp/tcd// Reclamation's TCD Page]&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://gcdamp.com/index.php?title=TEMPERATURE Temperature Page]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://gcdamp.com/index.php/Entrainment Entrainment Page]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.pacificorp.com/content/dam/pcorp/documents/en/pacificorp/energy/hydro/klamath-river/khsa-implementation/technical-documents/2021-05-21_2019-Intake-Barrier-Curtain-Report-Combined.pdf Final Report for the Thermal Curtain application at Iron Gate Dam, California from 2016-2018]&lt;br /&gt;
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'''2025'''&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/amwg/2025-08-21-amwg-meeting/uc-gcdamp-amwg-thermalcurtainupdate-508-20250821.pdf Thermal Curtain Update]&lt;br /&gt;
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'''2024'''&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/twg/2024-10-30-twg-meeting/20241030-HydroacousticThermalCurtainUpdate-508-AMWQD.pdf Hydroacoustic and Thermal Curtain Update]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/twg/2024-01-25-twg-meeting/20240125-TWGMeeting-ThermalCurtainExclusionNet-508-UCRO.pdf Thermal Curtain/Exclusion Net ]&lt;br /&gt;
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'''2021'''&lt;br /&gt;
*[[Media:Pennock-Gido2021 SpatialAndTemporalDynamicsOfFishInLakePowell.pdf| Pennock and Gido. 2021. Spatial and temporal dynamics of fish assemblages in a desert reservoir (Lake Powell) over 38 years. Hydrobiologia]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''2018'''&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/twg/2018-10-10-twg-meeting/Attach_01.pdf Temperature Control Device Update PPT]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/amwg/2018-08-22-amwg-meeting/Attach_03_rev.pdf Temperature Control Device Update PPT]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/twg/2018-04-23-twg-meeting/Attach_13.pdf The 21st Century Colorado River Hot Drought and Implications for the Future PPT]&lt;br /&gt;
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'''Older presentations'''&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/amwg/2010-08-24-amwg-meeting/Attach_12a.pdf 100824_AMWG Meeting- Attachment 12.a]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/amwg/2001-04-12-amwg-meeting/Attach_08a.pdf TCD PowerPoint Presentation_April 2001 AMWG]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/amwg/2001-04-12-amwg-meeting/Attach_08b.pdf TCD Summary_April 2001 AMWG]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/amwg/2001-01-11-amwg-meeting/Attach_20.pdf TCD Workshop Update - PowerPoint Presentation_Jan 2001 AMWG]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/amwg/2000-01-20-amwg-meeting/Attach_13.pdf TCD Monitoring Presentation_Jan 2000 AMWG]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/amwg/1997-09-10-amwg-meeting/Attach_10.pdf Temperature Control Device Update_Sept. 1997 AMWG]&lt;br /&gt;
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In the late 1990s, Reclamation investigated the potential for a temperature control device to increase release temperatures following a prolonged period of cool water releases from GCD. A final design for a warm water temperature control device on two of the eight penstocks was completed in 2007 with a cost estimate of $71 million.  Following the 2016 Long Term Experimental and Management Plan Environmental Impact Statement (LTEMP EIS), Reclamation committed to continued investigations of a temperature control device and fish escapement options.  The following is a chronology of the studies and reports related to temperature control and fish exclusion at Glen Canyon Dam:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''Phase 1: A Warm-Water Temperature Control Device (TCD)'''&lt;br /&gt;
*1997: Value Planning Study (Reclamation 1997a)&lt;br /&gt;
*1997: Feasibility Study (Reclamation 1997b)&lt;br /&gt;
*1999: Draft Environmental Assessment (Reclamation 1999)&lt;br /&gt;
*1999: Physical Model Study (Vermeyen 1999)&lt;br /&gt;
*2000-2004:  Reservoir Modeling of Selective Withdrawal Options (Cole and Wells 2003)&lt;br /&gt;
*2003: Survey of Selective Withdrawal Systems (Vermeyen et al 2003)&lt;br /&gt;
*2004-2006: Feasibility Studies to investigate a wider range of withdrawal capacity.&lt;br /&gt;
*2005: Economics of TCD Operation on Hydropower Revenues&lt;br /&gt;
*2006: Value Engineering Study&lt;br /&gt;
*2006: Constructability Review (Reclamation 2006a)&lt;br /&gt;
*2006: Design, Estimating and Construction Review&lt;br /&gt;
*2006-2007:  Final Design (Reclamation 2007)&lt;br /&gt;
*2008:  USFWS Biological Opinion identified concerns with nonnative fish expansion and having a TCD that could only release warm water (USFWS 2008)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''Phase 2: A Warm/Cold-Water TCD That Also Reduces Fish Entrainment'''&lt;br /&gt;
*2016: LTEMP EIS Biological Opinion - Reclamation to explore efficacy of TCD and means to prevent fish passage (USFWS 2016)&lt;br /&gt;
*2020: Review of Temperature Control Options for Reservoir Release Flows (Svoboda, 2020) &lt;br /&gt;
*2020: Technology Search to seek all ways that water temperature is controlled in any industry that may be applicable to dams (yet2 2020)&lt;br /&gt;
*2022: Glen Canyon Dam Fish Escapement Options (Svoboda, 2022) &lt;br /&gt;
*2022-2024: USU Entrainment Study&lt;br /&gt;
*2024: Glen Canyon Dam Fish Escapement Appraisal Study (Wagner and Svoboda 2024)&lt;br /&gt;
*2024: LTEMP SEIS – includes flow options for using bypass to cool river below Glen Canyon Dam&lt;br /&gt;
*2024: Value Planning Study&lt;br /&gt;
*2024-2025: PNNL Biofouling Study&lt;br /&gt;
*2026-2028: RCS evaluation of a thermal curtain (DOE grant)&lt;br /&gt;
*End of year 2029: Reclamation completes an Appraisal Level Design of a thermal curtain in the forebay and a temperature control device on Glen Canyon Dam (Post-2026 BiOp) &lt;br /&gt;
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Many scientists and the FWS believe the ability to increase the dam's discharge temperature is a key element in the recovery of native fish near the Little Colorado River. Reclamation has prepared an Environmental Assessment (EA), with subsequent peer review, on the proposed temperature control modifications and its potential impacts. The [https://www.usbr.gov/uc/rm/amp/tcd/pdfs/pr_ea.pdf peer review], completed April 1999 and the [https://www.usbr.gov/uc/rm/amp/tcd/pdfs/ea_draft.pdf draft Plan and EA], completed January 1999, are available for on-line viewing and as a download for off-line viewing ([ftp://ftp.usbr.gov/uc/anon/envprog/ro/amp/eapr_16.zip download]). (Online viewing is NOT recommended for slow 56/28.8KB) connections). Based on an open, public review of the EA and further consultation with the FWS, Reclamation will decide whether or not to proceed with the $15 million modification. Construction may start as soon as FY-2000 and would be completed in approximately two years. Post construction testing would be accomplished by the Grand Canyon Monitoring and Research Center and Adaptive Management Work Group.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Temperature controls have already been installed on several other dams including: Flaming Gorge, Shasta, Hungry Horse, and Jordanelle Dams. Flaming Gorge Dam on the Green River (a tributary to the Colorado River) is another major dam on the Colorado River Storage Project system, of which Glen Canyon Dam is the key storage unit. Located upstream of Glen Canyon Dam, Flaming Gorge Dam's intake structures were modified with temperature controls in 1978. The result of these controls has been a remarkable positive impact on the river system below the dam. Trout growth rates immediately below the dam increased significantly in response to the warmer water. At the same time, native fish are also doing better downstream, near the Yampa River. Documents concerning the temperature control device are available for your review include:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/envdocs/reports/TCD_ScopingRpt.pdf Scoping Report for the Glen Canyon Dam Proposed Temperature Control Device Environmental Assessment]&lt;br /&gt;
*Application of the BETTER Model to Lake Powell by Technical Service Center, Bureau of Reclamation, Denver, Colorado. We provide the option to view this document [https://www.usbr.gov/uc/rm/amp/tcd/pdfs/papr99112.pdf online] or [ftp://ftp.usbr.gov/uc/anon/envprog/ro/amp/gcdtc_model.zip download] (recommended) the file (PDF).&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/rm/amp/tcd/pdfs/tcdplan10.pdf Draft Science Plan] to Accompany Environmental Assessment for a Temperature Control Device for Glen Canyon Dam by Grand Canyon Monitoring and Research Center, Flagstaff, Arizona. [https://www.usbr.gov/uc/rm/amp/tcd/]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The [https://www.usbr.gov/uc/rm/amp/tcd/pdfs/workshop.pdf Summary of Findings] from the TCD Workshop held on January 22-24, 2001, is now available.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[File:Biological Issues with TCD- PIC.jpg|thumb|center|400px|[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/amwg/2001-04-12-amwg-meeting/Attach_08a.pdf https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/amwg/2001-04-12-amwg-meeting/Attach_08a.pdf] ]]&lt;br /&gt;
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Adding generation to the bypass tubes would allow the bypass tubes to essentially be used as a cold-water TCD.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
*[[Media:Generation at Outlet Glen Canyon Dam Plan of Study CRSP Power Peaking Capacity (March 1981).pdf|Generation at Outlet Glen Canyon Dam Plan of Study CRSP Power Peaking Capacity (March 1981)]]&lt;br /&gt;
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		<author><name>Cellsworth</name></author>	</entry>

	<entry>
		<id>http://gcdamp.com/index.php?title=TCD_Learning_Page&amp;diff=11291</id>
		<title>TCD Learning Page</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://gcdamp.com/index.php?title=TCD_Learning_Page&amp;diff=11291"/>
				<updated>2026-10-13T15:32:27Z</updated>
		
		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Cellsworth: &lt;/p&gt;
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== Temperature Control ==&lt;br /&gt;
Before Glen Canyon Dam was constructed, the natural flow cycle of the Colorado River included a seasonal warming trend in the late summer as the water temperature would increase from the near freezing winter temperature to approximately 85 degrees. Once the dam was constructed, the temperature of the water released downstream became relatively steady at between 45-50 degrees as water was drawn year round from the deep, fixed level penstock intakes (used for power production). Near the dam, these cold releases are tolerated by the trout fishery, but as this water moves downstream, it only warms to about 60 degrees which is not warm enough to allow endangered, native, warm water fish, such as the humpback chub, to reproduce in the mainstem of the Colorado River.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (FWS) issued a biological opinion in 1994, that recommended that temperature control modifications to the existing intake structures at the dam, be investigated by the Bureau of Reclamation (Reclamation). Temperature control modifications would allow for water to be drawn from different depths of the reservoir. Instead of only drawing water from the existing intake openings which are fairly deep and cold, the temperature control modifications would allow for water to be drawn from closer to the reservoir surface, which is much warmer. The goal would be to determine the right temperature combination of the cold and warmer water withdrawals to benefit the native endangered fish, while avoiding the possibility of encouraging competitors (non-native, warm-water fish) into the system. [https://www.usbr.gov/uc/rm/amp/tcd/]&lt;br /&gt;
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{|width=&amp;quot;100%&amp;quot; cellpadding=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; cellspacing=&amp;quot;5&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;vertical-align:top; background:#f5faff;&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
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===Warmer water===&lt;br /&gt;
*Increases native fish growth (and survival)&lt;br /&gt;
*Increases foodbase production and diversity&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Colder water===&lt;br /&gt;
*Decreases threat of nonnative fish proliferation&lt;br /&gt;
*Provides cold water to sustain the Lees Ferry trout fishery&lt;br /&gt;
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=='''Thermal Curtain'''==&lt;br /&gt;
Examples: Whiskeytown Reservoir, Lewiston Reservoir, Iron Gate Dam, Burrendong Dam. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
A thermal curtain is a type of selective withdrawal structure that can be installed on existing facilities without interrupting operations. Depending on how a thermal curtain is configured, they can be used to either increase or decrease release temperatures. The thermal curtain is constructed of a non-permeable material that is installed in the forebay of a reservoir. If cooler release temperatures are desired, the thermal curtain is configured to extend from the water’s surface down to the thermocline. This blocks the warmer, surface water from entering the dam’s intakes and being released downstream. If warmer release temperatures are desired, the thermal curtain is configured to extend from the thermocline down to the bottom of the reservoir. This blocks the colder, sub-surface water from entering the dam’s intakes and being released downstream. Thermal curtains can also be configured to cool water temperatures in the dam’s forebay to create a behavioral barrier to warmwater fish entrainment through the dam. Behavioral barriers are generally considered more effective than mechanical barriers (i.e. screens, nets, electrical fields, etc.) in reducing fish entrainment. Thermal curtains have been successfully deployed in both warm-water and cold-water configurations. Initial modeling has suggested a thermal curtain installed at Glen Canyon Dam could reduce water temperatures in the forebay and lower release temperatures enough to reach downstream temperature targets without the need of bypass. This potentially resolves issues associated with reduced hydropower generation and impacts to the Basin Fund, which is needed to fund the operations and maintenance of the CRSP system, while also reducing warm-water fish entrainment and providing increased control of release temperatures to meet downstream biological goals.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Image:GlenCanyonThermalCurtain3d.jpg|thumb|center|400px|Depiction of a thermal curtain in the forebay above Glen Canyon Dam‎]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Image:Thermal Curtain coldwater.png|thumb|center|400px|‎A thermal curtain configured to cool dam releases]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Image:Thermal Curtain warmwater.png|thumb|center|400px|A thermal curtain configured to warm dam releases]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=='''Temperature Control Device (TCD)''' ==&lt;br /&gt;
Examples: Flaming Gorge Dam, Shasta Dam, Folsom Dam, Jordanelle Dam, Hungry Horse Dam, Cougar Dam, Applegate Lake. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
A selective temperature withdrawal system is a rigid steel structures on the upstream face of the dam to enclose the penstock intakes (Svoboda 2020). Selective temperature withdrawal systems can be new external-frame structures that are attached to the dam or retrofit modifications to existing dam features, such as adding gates to the trash rack structure around the penstock intakes (Svoboda 2020). A previous selective temperature withdrawal system has been considered for the Glen Canyon Dam in the early 2007-2008 (Vermeyen 2011). Earlier proposals for the selective temperature withdrawal system were focused on warming downstream releases but the design was never finished. &lt;br /&gt;
  &lt;br /&gt;
[[Image:HungryHorseTCD.png|thumb|center|400px|‎Design of the TCD at Hungry Horse Dam]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Image:GlenCanyonTCD.png|thumb|center|400px|‎Depiction of a two unit TCD at Glen Canyon Dam]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=='''Destratification: (Bubblers, Pumps, etc.)'''==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Mixing thermal strata in the Glen Canyon Dam forebay that results in substantial cooling during times of otherwise warm water releases (typically summer through fall) is likely to reduce or eliminate smallmouth bass spawning in the mainstem Colorado River below the dam. Also, mixing thermal strata in the Glen Canyon Dam forebay and cooling the water would likely reduce the number of warmwater nonnative fish present in the forebay, including smallmouth bass. Smallmouth bass would likely move out of the area to seek warmer waters (Carter et al., 2012) such as the shallow, littoral habitat found in nearby Wahweap Bay. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Image:BubblePlume.jpg|thumb|center|400px|Depiction of a bubble plume destratifying the forebay at Glen Canyon Dam]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Image:DraftTubePump.jpg|thumb|center|400px|‎Depiction of a pump and draft tube destratifying the forebay at Glen Canyon Dam]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=='''Floating Pumping Platform or Trunnion Cold Water Withdrawal'''==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Two different modifications are being suggested as direct piping of cold water to the intake. One proposed solution came from a 2020 technology search by yet2 sponsored by the Bureau of Reclamation focused on new technologies to control water temperature of reservoir release flows. This proposed solution would be a floating pumping platform that could be placed into the forebay to pump water at a fixed or variable water depth directly to the intake of the penstock (Makai Ocean Engineering; Figure 1). Difference variations for this model could range from several pumping stations suppling cold water to the penstocks or only a selective few of penstocks. A second proposed solution would be Trunnion cold water withdrawal. The idea behind this system is that a pipe is hinged and sealed at the intake to bring in cold water (Sherman 2000; Figure 2). For both suggestions, the theory is that enough cold water could be mixed in the penstock to reduce temperatures discharging from the dam.&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
[[Image:Trunnion.jpg|thumb|center|400px|‎Depiction of a trunnion attached to the face of Glen Canyon Dam]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=='''[https://gcdamp.com/index.php/SEIS_Bypass_Releases Bypass]'''==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
This is a continuation of current operations at Glen Canyon Dam developed as part of the Smallmouth Bass Supplemental Environmental Impact Statement (SEIS). The SEIS was finalized in June of 2024 and the Record of Decision was signed and implemented in July 2024. There are 5 possible options for Glen Canyon Dam releases to keep water temperatures at river mile 61 in Grand Canyon at or below 15.5°C. For a more complete summary and discussion of flow alternatives, please refer to the Final SEIS (Bureau of Reclamation, 2024) or see the [https://gcdamp.com/index.php/SEIS_Bypass_Releases the page for the SEIS Bypass Releases]. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[File:SEISbypass.jpg|center|400px‎]]&lt;br /&gt;
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*[http://www.usbr.gov/uc/rm/amp/tcd// Reclamation's TCD Page]&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://gcdamp.com/index.php?title=TEMPERATURE Temperature Page]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://gcdamp.com/index.php/Entrainment Entrainment Page]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.pacificorp.com/content/dam/pcorp/documents/en/pacificorp/energy/hydro/klamath-river/khsa-implementation/technical-documents/2021-05-21_2019-Intake-Barrier-Curtain-Report-Combined.pdf Final Report for the Thermal Curtain application at Iron Gate Dam, California from 2016-2018]&lt;br /&gt;
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'''2025'''&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/amwg/2025-08-21-amwg-meeting/uc-gcdamp-amwg-thermalcurtainupdate-508-20250821.pdf Thermal Curtain Update]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''2024'''&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/twg/2024-10-30-twg-meeting/20241030-HydroacousticThermalCurtainUpdate-508-AMWQD.pdf Hydroacoustic and Thermal Curtain Update]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/twg/2024-01-25-twg-meeting/20240125-TWGMeeting-ThermalCurtainExclusionNet-508-UCRO.pdf Thermal Curtain/Exclusion Net ]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''2021'''&lt;br /&gt;
*[[Media:Pennock-Gido2021 SpatialAndTemporalDynamicsOfFishInLakePowell.pdf| Pennock and Gido. 2021. Spatial and temporal dynamics of fish assemblages in a desert reservoir (Lake Powell) over 38 years. Hydrobiologia]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''2018'''&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/twg/2018-10-10-twg-meeting/Attach_01.pdf Temperature Control Device Update PPT]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/amwg/2018-08-22-amwg-meeting/Attach_03_rev.pdf Temperature Control Device Update PPT]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/twg/2018-04-23-twg-meeting/Attach_13.pdf The 21st Century Colorado River Hot Drought and Implications for the Future PPT]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''Older presentations'''&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/amwg/2010-08-24-amwg-meeting/Attach_12a.pdf 100824_AMWG Meeting- Attachment 12.a]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/amwg/2001-04-12-amwg-meeting/Attach_08a.pdf TCD PowerPoint Presentation_April 2001 AMWG]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/amwg/2001-04-12-amwg-meeting/Attach_08b.pdf TCD Summary_April 2001 AMWG]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/amwg/2001-01-11-amwg-meeting/Attach_20.pdf TCD Workshop Update - PowerPoint Presentation_Jan 2001 AMWG]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/amwg/2000-01-20-amwg-meeting/Attach_13.pdf TCD Monitoring Presentation_Jan 2000 AMWG]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/amwg/1997-09-10-amwg-meeting/Attach_10.pdf Temperature Control Device Update_Sept. 1997 AMWG]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
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In the late 1990s, Reclamation investigated the potential for a temperature control device to increase release temperatures following a prolonged period of cool water releases from GCD. A final design for a warm water temperature control device on two of the eight penstocks was completed in 2007 with a cost estimate of $71 million.  Following the 2016 Long Term Experimental and Management Plan Environmental Impact Statement (LTEMP EIS), Reclamation committed to continued investigations of a temperature control device and fish escapement options.  The following is a chronology of the studies and reports related to temperature control and fish exclusion at Glen Canyon Dam:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''Phase 1: A Warm-Water Temperature Control Device (TCD)'''&lt;br /&gt;
*1997:  Value Planning Study (Reclamation 1997a)&lt;br /&gt;
*1997:  Feasibility Study (Reclamation 1997b)&lt;br /&gt;
*1999:  Draft Environmental Assessment (Reclamation 1999)&lt;br /&gt;
*1999:  Physical Model Study (Vermeyen 1999)&lt;br /&gt;
*2000-2004:  Reservoir Modeling of Selective Withdrawal Options (Cole and Wells 2003)&lt;br /&gt;
*2003:  Survey of Selective Withdrawal Systems (Vermeyen et al 2003)&lt;br /&gt;
*2004-2006: Feasibility Studies to investigate a wider range of withdrawal capacity.&lt;br /&gt;
*2005:  Economics of TCD Operation on Hydropower Revenues&lt;br /&gt;
*2006:  Value Engineering Study&lt;br /&gt;
*2006:  Constructability Review (Reclamation 2006a)&lt;br /&gt;
*2006:  Design, Estimating and Construction Review&lt;br /&gt;
*2006-2007:  Final Design (Reclamation 2007)&lt;br /&gt;
*2008:  USFWS Biological Opinion identified concerns with nonnative fish expansion and having a TCD that could only release warm water (USFWS 2008)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''Phase 2: A Warm/Cold-Water TCD That Also Reduces Fish Entrainment'''&lt;br /&gt;
*2016:  LTEMP EIS Biological Opinion - Reclamation to explore efficacy of TCD and means to prevent fish passage (USFWS 2016)&lt;br /&gt;
*2020:  Review of Temperature Control Options for Reservoir Release Flows (Svoboda, 2020) &lt;br /&gt;
*2020:  Technology Search to seek all ways that water temperature is controlled in any industry that may be applicable to dams (yet2 2020)&lt;br /&gt;
*2022:  Glen Canyon Dam Fish Escapement Options (Svoboda, 2022) &lt;br /&gt;
*2022-2024: USU Entrainment Study&lt;br /&gt;
*2024:  Glen Canyon Dam Fish Escapement Appraisal Study (Wagner and Svoboda 2024)&lt;br /&gt;
*2024:  LTEMP SEIS – includes flow options for using bypass to cool river below Glen Canyon Dam (Reclamation 2024)&lt;br /&gt;
*2024: Value Planning Study&lt;br /&gt;
*2024-2025: PNNL Biofouling Study&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
---- This is where we currently are ----&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
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Many scientists and the FWS believe the ability to increase the dam's discharge temperature is a key element in the recovery of native fish near the Little Colorado River. Reclamation has prepared an Environmental Assessment (EA), with subsequent peer review, on the proposed temperature control modifications and its potential impacts. The [https://www.usbr.gov/uc/rm/amp/tcd/pdfs/pr_ea.pdf peer review], completed April 1999 and the [https://www.usbr.gov/uc/rm/amp/tcd/pdfs/ea_draft.pdf draft Plan and EA], completed January 1999, are available for on-line viewing and as a download for off-line viewing ([ftp://ftp.usbr.gov/uc/anon/envprog/ro/amp/eapr_16.zip download]). (Online viewing is NOT recommended for slow 56/28.8KB) connections). Based on an open, public review of the EA and further consultation with the FWS, Reclamation will decide whether or not to proceed with the $15 million modification. Construction may start as soon as FY-2000 and would be completed in approximately two years. Post construction testing would be accomplished by the Grand Canyon Monitoring and Research Center and Adaptive Management Work Group.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Temperature controls have already been installed on several other dams including: Flaming Gorge, Shasta, Hungry Horse, and Jordanelle Dams. Flaming Gorge Dam on the Green River (a tributary to the Colorado River) is another major dam on the Colorado River Storage Project system, of which Glen Canyon Dam is the key storage unit. Located upstream of Glen Canyon Dam, Flaming Gorge Dam's intake structures were modified with temperature controls in 1978. The result of these controls has been a remarkable positive impact on the river system below the dam. Trout growth rates immediately below the dam increased significantly in response to the warmer water. At the same time, native fish are also doing better downstream, near the Yampa River. Documents concerning the temperature control device are available for your review include:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/envdocs/reports/TCD_ScopingRpt.pdf Scoping Report for the Glen Canyon Dam Proposed Temperature Control Device Environmental Assessment]&lt;br /&gt;
*Application of the BETTER Model to Lake Powell by Technical Service Center, Bureau of Reclamation, Denver, Colorado. We provide the option to view this document [https://www.usbr.gov/uc/rm/amp/tcd/pdfs/papr99112.pdf online] or [ftp://ftp.usbr.gov/uc/anon/envprog/ro/amp/gcdtc_model.zip download] (recommended) the file (PDF).&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/rm/amp/tcd/pdfs/tcdplan10.pdf Draft Science Plan] to Accompany Environmental Assessment for a Temperature Control Device for Glen Canyon Dam by Grand Canyon Monitoring and Research Center, Flagstaff, Arizona. [https://www.usbr.gov/uc/rm/amp/tcd/]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The [https://www.usbr.gov/uc/rm/amp/tcd/pdfs/workshop.pdf Summary of Findings] from the TCD Workshop held on January 22-24, 2001, is now available.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[File:Biological Issues with TCD- PIC.jpg|thumb|center|400px|[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/amwg/2001-04-12-amwg-meeting/Attach_08a.pdf https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/amwg/2001-04-12-amwg-meeting/Attach_08a.pdf] ]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! &amp;lt;h2 style=&amp;quot;margin:0; background:#cedff2; font-size:120%; font-weight:bold; border:1px solid #a3b0bf; text-align:left; color:#000; padding:0.2em 0.4em;&amp;quot;&amp;gt; Adding Generation to the Bypass Tubes &amp;lt;/h2&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|style=&amp;quot;color:#000;&amp;quot;|&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Adding generation to the bypass tubes would allow the bypass tubes to essentially be used as a cold-water TCD.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
*[[Media:Generation at Outlet Glen Canyon Dam Plan of Study CRSP Power Peaking Capacity (March 1981).pdf|Generation at Outlet Glen Canyon Dam Plan of Study CRSP Power Peaking Capacity (March 1981)]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Cellsworth</name></author>	</entry>

	<entry>
		<id>http://gcdamp.com/index.php?title=GCDAMP_History_Time-Line_-Years&amp;diff=11290</id>
		<title>GCDAMP History Time-Line -Years</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://gcdamp.com/index.php?title=GCDAMP_History_Time-Line_-Years&amp;diff=11290"/>
				<updated>2026-09-29T21:51:02Z</updated>
		
		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Cellsworth: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
__NOTOC__&lt;br /&gt;
==2027==&lt;br /&gt;
*LTEMP 10-Year Review&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==2026==&lt;br /&gt;
*Start of [https://gcdamp.com/index.php/2027-2028_Operating_Guidelines 2027-2028 Operating Guidelines]&lt;br /&gt;
*Bright Angel creek floods from monsoon rains on the Dragon-Bravo fire scar&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==2025==&lt;br /&gt;
*Razorback suckers stocked into the Little Colorado River (2023-2025)&lt;br /&gt;
*The [https://gcdamp.com/index.php/The_-12_Mile_Slough -12 Mile Slough] gets renovated&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://gcdamp.com/index.php/SEIS_Bypass_Releases SEIS Bypass Releases] (CoolMix) to control smallmouth bass&lt;br /&gt;
*Dragon-Bravo fire burns on the North Rim&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==2024==&lt;br /&gt;
*Razorback suckers stocked into the Little Colorado River (2023-2025)&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://gcdamp.com/index.php/Humpback_Chub_Page Humpback chub] population in Grand Canyon grows to 70,000 adults (40,000–200,000; 95% credible interval) &lt;br /&gt;
*The LTEMP EIS is modified to allow for releases to control smallmouth bass and to modify the sediment accounting windows for HFEs&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://gcdamp.com/index.php/SEIS_Bypass_Releases SEIS Bypass Releases] (CoolMix) to control smallmouth bass&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==2023==&lt;br /&gt;
*Razorback suckers stocked into the Little Colorado River (2023-2025)&lt;br /&gt;
*[[The 2023 Spring HFE| Spring HFE: 39,500 cfs for 72h]] &lt;br /&gt;
*[https://gcdamp.com/index.php/Brown_Trout Brown trout] incentivized harvest at Lees Ferry (2020-2023)&lt;br /&gt;
*Bill Stewart becomes program manager for the Glen Canyon Dam Adaptive Management Program&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==2022==&lt;br /&gt;
*Release temperatures at Glen Canyon Dam reach 20.5C with low reservoir elevations&lt;br /&gt;
*Balancing releases May - September&lt;br /&gt;
*[[A 2022 Fall HFE| A Fall HFE]] was not conducted due to the discovery of [http://gcdamp.com/index.php/Smallmouth_Bass_Page smallmouth bass] in Glen Canyon (1,600,000 mt)&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://gcdamp.com/index.php/The_Bugflow_Experiment Bugflow Experiment]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://gcdamp.com/index.php/Brown_Trout Brown trout] incentivized harvest at Lees Ferry (2020-2023)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==2021==&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://gcdamp.com/index.php?title=Spring_Disturbance_Flow Spring Disturbance Flow]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://gcdamp.com/index.php/Brown_Trout Brown trout] incentivized harvest at Lees Ferry (2020-2023)&lt;br /&gt;
*Andrew Schultz becomes GCMRC Chief&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==2020==&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://gcdamp.com/index.php/The_Bugflow_Experiment Bugflow Experiment]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://gcdamp.com/index.php/Brown_Trout Brown trout] incentivized harvest at Lees Ferry (2020-2023)&lt;br /&gt;
*COVID moves all meetings for the year to remote&lt;br /&gt;
*Wayne Pullan becomes direction of Reclamation's Upper Colorado River Region&lt;br /&gt;
*Ed Keable becomes superintendent of Grand Canyon National Park&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==2019==&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://gcdamp.com/index.php/The_Bugflow_Experiment Bugflow Experiment]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/amwg/2019-08-21-amwg-meeting/20190821-GlenCanyonDamAdaptiveManagementProgramGuidance-508-UCRO.pdf DOI Guidance from Dr. Tim Petty]&lt;br /&gt;
*Brent Esplin becomes direction of Reclamation's Upper Colorado River Region&lt;br /&gt;
*Lee Traynham becomes program manager for the Glen Canyon Dam Adaptive Management Program&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==2018==&lt;br /&gt;
*[[The 2018 Fall HFE| Fall HFE]]: 38,100 cfs for 60h&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://gcdamp.com/index.php/The_Bugflow_Experiment Bugflow Experiment]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==2017==&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://gcdamp.com/index.php/2017_Knowledge_Assessment 2017 Knowledge Assessment]&lt;br /&gt;
*Ryan Zinke becomes Secretary of the Interior&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==2016==&lt;br /&gt;
*Publication of the [https://gcdamp.com/index.php/Long-term_Experimental_and_Management_Plan_(LTEMP) LTEMP EIS]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2017/1006/ofr20171006.pdf LTEMP Science Plan]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/twg/2016-10-18-twg-meeting/Attach_09b.pdf TWG Protocol Paper]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==2015==&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://gcdamp.com/index.php/Brown_Trout Brown trout] and [https://gcdamp.com/index.php/Green_Sunfish_Page green sunfish] start reproducing in Lees Ferry&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://gcdamp.com/index.php?title=GCDAMP-_HFE_2015 A 2015 Fall HFE] was canceled due to the discovery of [http://gcdamp.com/index.php?title=Green_Sunfish_Page green sunfish] in Glen Canyon (1,168,000 mt)&lt;br /&gt;
*Start of Triennial Budget and Workplans&lt;br /&gt;
*Brent Rhees becomes direction of Reclamation's Upper Colorado River Region&lt;br /&gt;
*Scott VanderKooi becomes GCMRC Chief&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==2014==&lt;br /&gt;
*Rainbow trout fishery collapses at Lees Ferry&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://gcdamp.com/index.php?title=GCDAMP-_HFE_2014 Fall HFE]: 37,500 cfs for 96h&lt;br /&gt;
*Galahad Point fire and flood eliminates the humpback chub translocation in Shinumo Creek&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==2013==&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://gcdamp.com/index.php?title=GCDAMP-_HFE_2013 Fall HFE]: 34,100 cfs for 96h&lt;br /&gt;
*Sally Jewell becomes Secretary of the Interior&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==2012==&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://gcdamp.com/index.php/Portal:Desired_Future_Conditions_-DFCs Development of the Desired Future Conditions (DFCs)]&lt;br /&gt;
*Publication of the [https://gcdamp.com/index.php/The_HFE_Page High Flow Experiment Protocol]&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://gcdamp.com/index.php?title=GCDAMP-_HFE_2012 Fall HFE]: 42,300 cfs for 96h (slow downramp)&lt;br /&gt;
*Razorback Sucker found in lower part of Grand Canyon- believed the fish traveled some 50 miles upstream from Lake Mead.  Last one recorded had been caught in 1990. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==2011==&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://gcdamp.com/index.php?title=Near_Shore_Ecology_(NSE)_Study Fall Steady Flow Experiment (2009-2011)]&lt;br /&gt;
*The 2011 Equalization releases from March - December &lt;br /&gt;
*[https://gcdamp.com/index.php/Core_Monitoring_Plan Core Monitoring Plan (draft)]&lt;br /&gt;
*Start of Biennial Budget and Workplans&lt;br /&gt;
*Jack Schmidt becomes GCMRC Chief&lt;br /&gt;
*Dave Uberuaga becomes Superintendent of GCNP&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==2010==&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://gcdamp.com/index.php?title=Near_Shore_Ecology_(NSE)_Study Fall Steady Flow Experiment (2009-2011)]&lt;br /&gt;
*Glen Knowles becomes program manager for the Glen Canyon Dam Adaptive Management Program&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==2009==&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://gcdamp.com/index.php?title=Near_Shore_Ecology_(NSE)_Study Fall Steady Flow Experiment (2009-2011)]&lt;br /&gt;
*Ken Salazar becomes Secretary of the Interior&lt;br /&gt;
*Anne Castle becomes Assistant Secretary for Water and Science&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==2008==&lt;br /&gt;
*USFWS Biological Opinion identifies concerns with constructing a [https://gcdamp.com/index.php/TCD_Learning_Page Temperature Control Device (TCD)] that can only release warm water&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://digitalcommons.usu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1153&amp;amp;context=govdocs Spring HFE], 41,500 cfs for 60 hours&lt;br /&gt;
*Grand Canyon Trust files suit against USBR, USFWS, and others contending operations at Glen Canyon Dam ran counter to their obligations to comply with the ESA, NEPA, and Administrative Policy Act&lt;br /&gt;
*GCDAMP budget was capped&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==2007==&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://www.riversimulator.org/Resources/USBR/LTEP/Randle2007.pdf Appraisal study on sediment augmentation]&lt;br /&gt;
*Pearce Ferry Rapid forms creating a non-navigable barrier for downstream rafting and barrier for upstream fish movement from Lake Mead&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://gcdamp.com/index.php/Interim_Guidelines Beginning of Interim Guidelines for Lower Basin Shortages (2007-2027)]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://gcdamp.com/index.php/Strategic_Science_Plan Strategic Science Plan]&lt;br /&gt;
*Larry Walkoviak becomes direction of Reclamation's Upper Colorado River Region&lt;br /&gt;
*Steve Martin becomes superintendent of GCNP&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==2006==&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://gcdamp.com/index.php/Trout_Reduction_Efforts Trout removals] from the confluence with the Little Colorado River (2003-2006)&lt;br /&gt;
*Draft Long-Term Experimental Plan Environmental Plan (LTEP)&lt;br /&gt;
*Dirk Kempthorne becomes Secretary of the Interior&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
==2005==&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1282/c1282.pdf SCORE Report: The State of the Colorado River Ecosystem in Grand Canyon]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://gcdamp.com/index.php/Trout_Reduction_Efforts Trout removals] from the confluence with the Little Colorado River (2003-2006)&lt;br /&gt;
*Fluctuating trout suppression flows from January through March (2003-2005)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==2004==&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://gcdamp.com/index.php/Trout_Reduction_Efforts Trout removals] from the confluence with the Little Colorado River (2003-2006)&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2011/3012/ 2004 Fall HFE], 41,000 cfs for 60 hours&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://gcdamp.com/index.php/GCDAMP_Budget#:~:text=2004%20GCDAMP%20Goals%20and%20AMWG%20Priority%20Questions GCDAMP Goals and AMWG Priority Questions]&lt;br /&gt;
*Fluctuating trout suppression flows from January through March (2003-2005)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==2003==&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://gcdamp.com/index.php/Trout_Reduction_Efforts Trout removals] from the confluence with the Little Colorado River (2003-2006)&lt;br /&gt;
*Fluctuating trout suppression flows from January through March (2003-2005)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==2002==&lt;br /&gt;
*U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service announces recovery goals for endangered fishes of the Colorado River Basin.&lt;br /&gt;
*Adaptive Management Work Group recommends implementation of the first 2 years of an experimental design proposed by the GCMRC.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==2001==&lt;br /&gt;
*Humpback Chub population in Grand Canyon was in decline in the 1990s, and reached a low of about 5,000 adult fish&lt;br /&gt;
*Draft GCDAMP Strategic Plan for the developed by program managers.&lt;br /&gt;
*Gale Norton becomes Secretary of the Interior&lt;br /&gt;
*GCMRC moves from the office of the Assistant Secretary of the Interior to the US Geological Survey&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==2000==&lt;br /&gt;
*[[The 2000 Low Summer Steady Flow Experiment| The Low Steady Summer Flow Experiment (LSSF)]]&lt;br /&gt;
*Second and third tests of the habitat maintenance flows concept conducted in spring and summer.&lt;br /&gt;
*Rick Gold becomes direction of Reclamation's Upper Colorado River Region&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==1999==&lt;br /&gt;
*AMWG Colorado River trip to develop the Vision Statement for the GCDAMP&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://gcdamp.com/images_gcdamp_com/6/62/Appendix_B_%28Guidance_Document%29_Loveless.doc Glen Canyon Dam Adaptive Management Program AMWG FACA Committee Guidance (The 1999 Loveless Document)]&lt;br /&gt;
*Dennis Kubly becomes program manager for the Glen Canyon Dam Adaptive Management Program&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==1998==&lt;br /&gt;
*GCMRC is moved from USBR to the office of the Assistant Secretary of the Department of the Interior&lt;br /&gt;
*Barry Gold becomes acting GCRMC Chief&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
==1997==&lt;br /&gt;
*AMWG and TWG fully established &lt;br /&gt;
*The AMWG held their first meeting on September 10-11, 1997, and officially formed the Glen Canyon Technical Work Group (TWG) as a subgroup to work on tasks charged to them by the AMWG.&lt;br /&gt;
*The TWG was formed to provide stakeholders with involvement in federal decisions concerning the operation of Glen Canyon Dam and Power Plant.&lt;br /&gt;
*Formation of a GCDAMP Strategic Planning Subcommittee (1997-2000)&lt;br /&gt;
*Reclamation begins a Value Planning Study for a warm-water [https://gcdamp.com/index.php/TCD_Learning_Page Temperature Control Device (TCD)]&lt;br /&gt;
*[[The 1997 Habitat Maintenance Flow (HMF)|1997 Habitat Maintenance Flow (HMF)]]&lt;br /&gt;
*Mary Orton joins AMWG as mediator&lt;br /&gt;
*Bruce Moore becomes program manager for the Glen Canyon Dam Adaptive Management Program&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==1996==&lt;br /&gt;
*Record of Decision on the Operation of Glen Canyon Dam Final Environmental Impact Statement selects Modified Low Fluctuating Flows (MLFF) as the preferred alternative. &lt;br /&gt;
*[[The 1996 Spring HFE| 1996 Beach/Habitat-Building Flow (BHBF)]], 45,000 cfs for 168 hours&lt;br /&gt;
*Dave Garrett becomes first GCMRC Chief&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==1995==&lt;br /&gt;
*Transition Work Group to act as a bridge between GCES and GCDAMP (1995-1996)&lt;br /&gt;
*Establishment of the Grand Canyon Monitoring and Research Center (GCMRC)&lt;br /&gt;
*The Glen Canyon Dam Environmental Impact Statement as required by the Grand Canyon Protection Act is completed. &lt;br /&gt;
*The Grand Canyon National Park General Management Plan&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==1994==&lt;br /&gt;
*Programmatic Agreement on Cultural Resources signed between the State of Arizona, Department of the Interior agencies, and six tribes over protection of cultural resources in the river corridor below Glen Canyon Dam.&lt;br /&gt;
*U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service designates critical habitat for four species of endangered Colorado River fish and completes Biological Opinion outlining reasonable and prudent alternatives that must be evaluated for dam operation.&lt;br /&gt;
*Memorandum of Agreement signed for development of a Lower Colorado River Multi-Species Conservation Plan between state agencies in Nevada, California, and Arizona and federal agencies, including the Bureau of Land Management, Bureau of Reclamation, Fish and Wildlife Service, and the National Park Service.[http://www.sci.sdsu.edu/salton/LowerColoradoRiverMSCP.html MSCP History (SDSU)]&lt;br /&gt;
*Charley Calhoun becomes direction of Reclamation's Upper Colorado River Region&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==1993==&lt;br /&gt;
*Bruce Babbitt becomes Secretary of the Interior&lt;br /&gt;
*Dan Beard becomes USBR Commissioner&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==1992==&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://www.usbr.gov/uc/legal/gcpa1992.html Grand Canyon Protection Act ] &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==1991==&lt;br /&gt;
*Interim operating criteria for Glen Canyon Dam implemented with what would become MLFF-like releases&lt;br /&gt;
*The [https://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/ds246 1990-91 Research Flows]&lt;br /&gt;
*Razorback Sucker and Kanab Ambersnail federally listed as endangered&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==1990==&lt;br /&gt;
*Beginning of Interim Operating Criteria&lt;br /&gt;
*The [https://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/ds246 1990-91 Research Flows]&lt;br /&gt;
*Formulative discussions on the concept of HFEs begin lead by Duncan Patton&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==1989==&lt;br /&gt;
*Manuel Lujan becomes Secretary of the Interior and orders an environmental impact statement on dam operations.&lt;br /&gt;
*National Research Council sponsors [https://www.nationalacademies.org/publications/1832 symposium] that reviews existing knowledge on Colorado River ecosystem&lt;br /&gt;
*Roland Robison becomes direction of Reclamation's Upper Colorado River Region&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==1988==&lt;br /&gt;
*Salt Lake City Area Integrated Projects(CRSP) passed after a series of public information and comment forums.&lt;br /&gt;
*Glen Canyon Environmental Studies issues [http://archive.library.nau.edu/utils/getfile/collection/cpa/id/61166/filename/61167.pdf ''Glen Canyon Environmental Studies Final Report''], completing Phase I and starting Phase II (1988-1988), which would be accelerated to support environmental impact statement process.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==1987==&lt;br /&gt;
*National Research Council completes review of Glen Canyon Environmental Studies, publishing [http://archive.org/details/riverdammanageme00unse River and Dam Management: a Review of the Bureau of Reclamation's Glen Canyon Environmental Studies]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==1984==&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://www.riversimulator.org/Resources/GCDAMP/GCDAMPchronicle/1983FloodGCDhannon.pdf The 1984 Floods]&lt;br /&gt;
*One of the last Razorback Suckers seen in Grand Canyon is caught and released at Bass Rapids&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==1983==&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://www.riversimulator.org/Resources/GCDAMP/GCDAMPchronicle/1983FloodGCDhannon.pdf The 1983 Floods]&lt;br /&gt;
*Glen Canyon Dam releases more than 92,000 cfs to stop Lake Powell from overtopping Glen Canyon Dam.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==1982==&lt;br /&gt;
*Glen Canyon Environmental Studies - Phase I (1982-1988) created to study effects of Glen Canyon Dam operations&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==1981==&lt;br /&gt;
*Cliff Barrett becomes direction of Reclamation's Upper Colorado River Region&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==1980==&lt;br /&gt;
*Lake Powell reaches full pool (3,700 ft)&lt;br /&gt;
*Bonytail chub listed as endangered&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==1979==&lt;br /&gt;
*Grand Canyon National Park designated a UNESCO World Heritage Site&lt;br /&gt;
*USBR proposes an upgrade of Glen Canyon Dam's generators&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==1978==&lt;br /&gt;
*U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service files jeopardy opinion on the effects of Glen Canyon Dam on endangered fishes&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==1975==&lt;br /&gt;
*Grand Canyon National Park Enlargement Act passed&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==1974==&lt;br /&gt;
*Colorado River Basin Salinity Control Act authorized the construction, operation, and maintenance of works in the Colorado River Basin to control the salinity of Colorado River water available for use in the United States and Mexico. Some GCDAMP stakeholders participate in the Salinity Control Forums created by the act.&lt;br /&gt;
*First Lawsuit filed over Glen Canyon Dam operations by commercial raft operators contending that the disruption of normal flows was interfering with their ability to conduct river trips.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==1973==&lt;br /&gt;
*Endangered Species Act (ESA) of 1973 passed to protect and promote the recovery of animals and plants that are in danger of becoming extinct because of the activities of people. Administered by the US Fish and Wildlife Service.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==1972==&lt;br /&gt;
*Last verified record of [https://gcdamp.com/index.php/Colorado_Pikeminnow Colorado Pikeminnow] caught in Grand Canyon at Havasu Creek&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==1971==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==1970==&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/lc/region/pao/pdfiles/opcriter.pdf Long-range Operating Criteria (LROC)] developed for Glen Canyon Dam operations&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==1969==&lt;br /&gt;
*National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA) of 1969 passed requiring Federal agencies to consider the environmental impacts of their proposed actions and reasonable alternatives to those actions.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==1968==&lt;br /&gt;
*Colorado River Basin Project Act passed&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==1967==&lt;br /&gt;
*Humpback chub and Colorado pikeminnow federally listed as endangered&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==1966==&lt;br /&gt;
*National Historic Preservation Act passed&lt;br /&gt;
*Crystal rapid forms after a large flash flood from Crystal Creek&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==1965==&lt;br /&gt;
*[[The 1965 Reservoir Equalization and Channel Cleaning Floods]]&lt;br /&gt;
*United States contract for delivery of power from the Colorado River Storage Project to customers.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==1964==&lt;br /&gt;
*U.S. Supreme Court decision in Arizona v. California confirmed apportionments of Colorado River water authorized in 1928 Boulder Canyon Project Act, including Nevada's allocation of 0.3 maf per year. The Decree in this case set many of the rules under which the river is operated.  &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==1963==&lt;br /&gt;
*Glen Canyon Dam completed as part of the Colorado River Storage Project.&lt;br /&gt;
*U.S. Supreme Court held in Arizona vs California that, as a result of the Boulder Canyon Project Act, California held an allocation of 4.4 maf, Arizona 2.8 maf, and Nevada 300,000 acre-feet of Colorado River water&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== 1956 ==&lt;br /&gt;
*Colorado River Storage Project Act passed authorizing Glen Canyon Dam&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== 1948 ==&lt;br /&gt;
*Upper Colorado River Basin Compact signed&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== 1944 ==&lt;br /&gt;
*Treaty with Mexico obligating the US to provide 1.5 maf of Colorado River water to Mexico annually&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== 1935 ==&lt;br /&gt;
*Hoover Dam completed &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== 1928 ==&lt;br /&gt;
*Boulder Canyon Project Act passed authorizing Hoover Dam.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== 1922 ==&lt;br /&gt;
*Colorado River Compact signed allocating the Colorado River water between the upper and the lower basins.  Upper basin States have the right to use 7.5 maf/yr only if that quantity is available after meeting delivery requirements of 7.5 maf/yr to the Lower basin plus the amount required to satisfy anticipated claims by Mexico.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== 1921 ==&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://www.parkerliveonline.com/2013/07/24/colorado-river-day-thursday/ Colorado River was officially re-named from the “Grand” to the “Colorado.” ] &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== 1919 ==&lt;br /&gt;
*Grand Canyon National Park created&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== 1916 ==&lt;br /&gt;
*National Park Service Organic Act passed&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== 1902 ==&lt;br /&gt;
*Reclamation Act Creates the Bureau of Reclamation&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== 1869 ==&lt;br /&gt;
*Major John Wesley Powell leads first recorded expedition to traverse Grand Canyon&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://www.azcentral.com/story/travel/local/history/2014/05/27/powells-death-defying-grand-canyon-odyssey/9596303/ Powell's death-defying Grand Canyon odyssey]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==*11,000 BP==&lt;br /&gt;
*Paleo-Indian peoples occupy Grand Canyon region&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Cellsworth</name></author>	</entry>

	<entry>
		<id>http://gcdamp.com/index.php?title=GCDAMP_History_Time-Line_-Years&amp;diff=11289</id>
		<title>GCDAMP History Time-Line -Years</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://gcdamp.com/index.php?title=GCDAMP_History_Time-Line_-Years&amp;diff=11289"/>
				<updated>2026-09-29T21:50:29Z</updated>
		
		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Cellsworth: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
__NOTOC__&lt;br /&gt;
==2027==&lt;br /&gt;
*LTEMP 10-Year Review&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==2026==&lt;br /&gt;
*Start of [https://gcdamp.com/index.php/2027-2028_Operating_Guidelines 2027-2028 Operating Guidelines]&lt;br /&gt;
*Bright Angel creek floods from monsoon rains on the Dragon-Bravo fire scar&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==2025==&lt;br /&gt;
*Razorback suckers stocked into the Little Colorado River (2023-2025)&lt;br /&gt;
*The [https://gcdamp.com/index.php/The_-12_Mile_Slough -12 Mile Slough] gets renovated&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://gcdamp.com/index.php/SEIS_Bypass_Releases SEIS Bypass Releases] (CoolMix) to control smallmouth bass&lt;br /&gt;
*Dragon-Bravo fire burns on the North Rim&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==2024==&lt;br /&gt;
*Razorback suckers stocked into the Little Colorado River (2023-2025)&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://gcdamp.com/index.php/Humpback_Chub_Page Humpback chub] population in Grand Canyon grows to 70,000 adults (40,000–200,000; 95% credible interval) &lt;br /&gt;
*The LTEMP EIS is modified to allow for releases to control smallmouth bass and to modify the sediment accounting windows for HFEs&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://gcdamp.com/index.php/SEIS_Bypass_Releases SEIS Bypass Releases] (CoolMix) to control smallmouth bass&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==2023==&lt;br /&gt;
*Razorback suckers stocked into the Little Colorado River (2023-2025)&lt;br /&gt;
*[[The 2023 Spring HFE| Spring HFE: 39,500 cfs for 72h]] &lt;br /&gt;
*[https://gcdamp.com/index.php/Brown_Trout Brown trout] incentivized harvest at Lees Ferry (2020-2023)&lt;br /&gt;
*Bill Stewart becomes program manager for the Glen Canyon Dam Adaptive Management Program&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==2022==&lt;br /&gt;
*Release temperatures at Glen Canyon Dam reach 20.5C with low reservoir elevations&lt;br /&gt;
*Balancing releases May - September&lt;br /&gt;
*[[A 2022 Fall HFE| A Fall HFE]] was not conducted due to the discovery of [http://gcdamp.com/index.php/Smallmouth_Bass_Page smallmouth bass] in Glen Canyon (1,600,000 mt)&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://gcdamp.com/index.php/The_Bugflow_Experiment Bugflow Experiment]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://gcdamp.com/index.php/Brown_Trout Brown trout] incentivized harvest at Lees Ferry (2020-2023)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==2021==&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://gcdamp.com/index.php?title=Spring_Disturbance_Flow Spring Disturbance Flow]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://gcdamp.com/index.php/Brown_Trout Brown trout] incentivized harvest at Lees Ferry (2020-2023)&lt;br /&gt;
*Andrew Schultz becomes GCMRC Chief&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==2020==&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://gcdamp.com/index.php/The_Bugflow_Experiment Bugflow Experiment]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://gcdamp.com/index.php/Brown_Trout Brown trout] incentivized harvest at Lees Ferry (2020-2023)&lt;br /&gt;
*COVID moves all meetings for the year to remote&lt;br /&gt;
*Wayne Pullan becomes direction of Reclamation's Upper Colorado River Region&lt;br /&gt;
*Ed Keable becomes superintendent of Grand Canyon National Park&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==2019==&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://gcdamp.com/index.php/The_Bugflow_Experiment Bugflow Experiment]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/amwg/2019-08-21-amwg-meeting/20190821-GlenCanyonDamAdaptiveManagementProgramGuidance-508-UCRO.pdf DOI Guidance from Dr. Tim Petty]&lt;br /&gt;
*Brent Esplin becomes direction of Reclamation's Upper Colorado River Region&lt;br /&gt;
*Lee Traynham becomes program manager for the Glen Canyon Dam Adaptive Management Program&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==2018==&lt;br /&gt;
*[[The 2018 Fall HFE| Fall HFE]]: 38,100 cfs for 60h&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://gcdamp.com/index.php/The_Bugflow_Experiment Bugflow Experiment]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==2017==&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://gcdamp.com/index.php/2017_Knowledge_Assessment 2017 Knowledge Assessment]&lt;br /&gt;
*Ryan Zinke becomes Secretary of the Interior&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==2016==&lt;br /&gt;
*Publication of the [https://gcdamp.com/index.php/Long-term_Experimental_and_Management_Plan_(LTEMP) LTEMP EIS]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2017/1006/ofr20171006.pdf LTEMP Science Plan]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/twg/2016-10-18-twg-meeting/Attach_09b.pdf TWG Protocol Paper]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==2015==&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://gcdamp.com/index.php/Brown_Trout Brown trout] and [https://gcdamp.com/index.php/Green_Sunfish_Page green sunfish] start reproducing in Lees Ferry&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://gcdamp.com/index.php?title=GCDAMP-_HFE_2015 A 2015 Fall HFE] was canceled due to the discovery of [http://gcdamp.com/index.php?title=Green_Sunfish_Page green sunfish] in Glen Canyon (1,168,000 mt)&lt;br /&gt;
*Start of Triennial Budget and Workplans&lt;br /&gt;
*Brent Rhees becomes direction of Reclamation's Upper Colorado River Region&lt;br /&gt;
*Scott VanderKooi becomes GCMRC Chief&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==2014==&lt;br /&gt;
*Rainbow trout fishery collapses at Lees Ferry&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://gcdamp.com/index.php?title=GCDAMP-_HFE_2014 Fall HFE]: 37,500 cfs for 96h&lt;br /&gt;
*Galahad Point fire and flood eliminates the humpback chub translocation in Shinumo Creek&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==2013==&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://gcdamp.com/index.php?title=GCDAMP-_HFE_2013 Fall HFE]: 34,100 cfs for 96h&lt;br /&gt;
*Sally Jewell becomes Secretary of the Interior&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==2012==&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://gcdamp.com/index.php/Portal:Desired_Future_Conditions_-DFCs Development of the Desired Future Conditions (DFCs)]&lt;br /&gt;
*Publication of the [https://gcdamp.com/index.php/The_HFE_Page High Flow Experiment Protocol]&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://gcdamp.com/index.php?title=GCDAMP-_HFE_2012 Fall HFE]: 42,300 cfs for 96h (slow downramp)&lt;br /&gt;
*Razorback Sucker found in lower part of Grand Canyon- believed the fish traveled some 50 miles upstream from Lake Mead.  Last one recorded had been caught in 1990. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==2011==&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://gcdamp.com/index.php?title=Near_Shore_Ecology_(NSE)_Study Fall Steady Flow Experiment (2009-2011)]&lt;br /&gt;
*The 2011 Equalization releases from March - December &lt;br /&gt;
*[https://gcdamp.com/index.php/Core_Monitoring_Plan Core Monitoring Plan (draft)]&lt;br /&gt;
*Start of Biennial Budget and Workplans&lt;br /&gt;
*Jack Schmidt becomes GCMRC Chief&lt;br /&gt;
*Dave Uberuaga becomes Superintendent of GCNP&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==2010==&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://gcdamp.com/index.php?title=Near_Shore_Ecology_(NSE)_Study Fall Steady Flow Experiment (2009-2011)]&lt;br /&gt;
*Glen Knowles becomes program manager for the Glen Canyon Dam Adaptive Management Program&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==2009==&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://gcdamp.com/index.php?title=Near_Shore_Ecology_(NSE)_Study Fall Steady Flow Experiment (2009-2011)]&lt;br /&gt;
*Ken Salazar becomes Secretary of the Interior&lt;br /&gt;
*Anne Castle becomes Assistant Secretary for Water and Science&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==2008==&lt;br /&gt;
*USFWS Biological Opinion identifies concerns with constructing a [https://gcdamp.com/index.php/TCD_Learning_Page Temperature Control Device (TCD)] that can only release warm water&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://digitalcommons.usu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1153&amp;amp;context=govdocs Spring HFE], 41,500 cfs for 60 hours&lt;br /&gt;
*Grand Canyon Trust files suit against USBR, USFWS, and others contending operations at Glen Canyon Dam ran counter to their obligations to comply with the ESA, NEPA, and Administrative Policy Act&lt;br /&gt;
*GCDAMP budget was capped&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==2007==&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://www.riversimulator.org/Resources/USBR/LTEP/Randle2007.pdf Appraisal study on sediment augmentation]&lt;br /&gt;
*Pearce Ferry Rapid forms creating a non-navigable barrier for downstream rafting and barrier for upstream fish movement from Lake Mead&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://gcdamp.com/index.php/Interim_Guidelines Beginning of Interim Guidelines for Lower Basin Shortages (2007-2027)]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://gcdamp.com/index.php/Strategic_Science_Plan Strategic Science Plan]&lt;br /&gt;
*Larry Walkoviak becomes direction of Reclamation's Upper Colorado River Region&lt;br /&gt;
*Steve Martin becomes superintendent of GCNP&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==2006==&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://gcdamp.com/index.php/Trout_Reduction_Efforts Trout removals] from the confluence with the Little Colorado River (2003-2006)&lt;br /&gt;
*Draft Long-Term Experimental Plan Environmental Plan (LTEP)&lt;br /&gt;
*Dirk Kempthorne becomes Secretary of the Interior&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
==2005==&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1282/c1282.pdf SCORE Report: The State of the Colorado River Ecosystem in Grand Canyon]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://gcdamp.com/index.php/Trout_Reduction_Efforts Trout removals] from the confluence with the Little Colorado River (2003-2006)&lt;br /&gt;
*Fluctuating trout suppression flows from January through March (2003-2005)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==2004==&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://gcdamp.com/index.php/Trout_Reduction_Efforts Trout removals] from the confluence with the Little Colorado River (2003-2006)&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2011/3012/ 2004 Fall HFE], 41,000 cfs for 60 hours&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://gcdamp.com/index.php/GCDAMP_Budget#:~:text=2004%20GCDAMP%20Goals%20and%20AMWG%20Priority%20Questions GCDAMP Goals and AMWG Priority Questions]&lt;br /&gt;
*Fluctuating trout suppression flows from January through March (2003-2005)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==2003==&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://gcdamp.com/index.php/Trout_Reduction_Efforts Trout removals] from the confluence with the Little Colorado River (2003-2006)&lt;br /&gt;
*Fluctuating trout suppression flows from January through March (2003-2005)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==2002==&lt;br /&gt;
*U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service announces recovery goals for endangered fishes of the Colorado River Basin.&lt;br /&gt;
*Adaptive Management Work Group recommends implementation of the first 2 years of an experimental design proposed by the GCMRC.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==2001==&lt;br /&gt;
*Humpback Chub population in Grand Canyon was in decline in the 1990s, and reached a low of about 5,000 adult fish&lt;br /&gt;
*Draft GCDAMP Strategic Plan for the developed by program managers.&lt;br /&gt;
*Gale Norton becomes Secretary of the Interior&lt;br /&gt;
*GCMRC moves from the office of the Assistant Secretary of the Interior to the US Geological Survey&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==2000==&lt;br /&gt;
*[[The 2000 Low Summer Steady Flow Experiment| The Low Steady Summer Flow Experiment (LSSF)]]&lt;br /&gt;
*Second and third tests of the habitat maintenance flows concept conducted in spring and summer.&lt;br /&gt;
*Rick Gold becomes direction of Reclamation's Upper Colorado River Region&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==1999==&lt;br /&gt;
*AMWG Colorado River trip to develop the Vision Statement for the GCDAMP&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://gcdamp.com/images_gcdamp_com/6/62/Appendix_B_%28Guidance_Document%29_Loveless.doc Glen Canyon Dam Adaptive Management Program AMWG FACA Committee Guidance (The 1999 Loveless Document)]&lt;br /&gt;
*Dennis Kubly becomes program manager for the Glen Canyon Dam Adaptive Management Program&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==1998==&lt;br /&gt;
*GCMRC is moved from USBR to the office of the Assistant Secretary of the Department of the Interior&lt;br /&gt;
*Barry Gold becomes acting GCRMC Chief&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
==1997==&lt;br /&gt;
*AMWG and TWG fully established &lt;br /&gt;
*The AMWG held their first meeting on September 10-11, 1997, and officially formed the Glen Canyon Technical Work Group (TWG) as a subgroup to work on tasks charged to them by the AMWG.&lt;br /&gt;
*The TWG was formed to provide stakeholders with involvement in federal decisions concerning the operation of Glen Canyon Dam and Power Plant.&lt;br /&gt;
*Formation of a GCDAMP Strategic Planning Subcommittee (1997-2000)&lt;br /&gt;
*Reclamation begins a Value Planning Study for a warm-water [https://gcdamp.com/index.php/TCD_Learning_Page Temperature Control Device (TCD)]&lt;br /&gt;
*[[The 1997 Habitat Maintenance Flow (HMF)|1997 Habitat Maintenance Flow (HMF)]]&lt;br /&gt;
*Mary Orton joins AMWG as mediator&lt;br /&gt;
*Bruce Moore becomes program manager for the Glen Canyon Dam Adaptive Management Program&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==1996==&lt;br /&gt;
*Record of Decision on the Operation of Glen Canyon Dam Final Environmental Impact Statement selects Modified Low Fluctuating Flows (MLFF) as the preferred alternative. &lt;br /&gt;
*[[The 1996 Spring HFE| 1996 Beach/Habitat-Building Flow (BHBF)]], 45,000 cfs for 168 hours&lt;br /&gt;
*Dave Garrett becomes first GCMRC Chief&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==1995==&lt;br /&gt;
*Transition Work Group to act as a bridge between GCES and GCDAMP (1995-1996)&lt;br /&gt;
*Establishment of the Grand Canyon Monitoring and Research Center (GCMRC)&lt;br /&gt;
*The Glen Canyon Dam Environmental Impact Statement as required by the Grand Canyon Protection Act is completed. &lt;br /&gt;
*The Grand Canyon National Park General Management Plan&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==1994==&lt;br /&gt;
*Programmatic Agreement on Cultural Resources signed between the State of Arizona, Department of the Interior agencies, and six tribes over protection of cultural resources in the river corridor below Glen Canyon Dam.&lt;br /&gt;
*U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service designates critical habitat for four species of endangered Colorado River fish and completes Biological Opinion outlining reasonable and prudent alternatives that must be evaluated for dam operation.&lt;br /&gt;
*Memorandum of Agreement signed for development of a Lower Colorado River Multi-Species Conservation Plan between state agencies in Nevada, California, and Arizona and federal agencies, including the Bureau of Land Management, Bureau of Reclamation, Fish and Wildlife Service, and the National Park Service.[http://www.sci.sdsu.edu/salton/LowerColoradoRiverMSCP.html MSCP History (SDSU)]&lt;br /&gt;
*Charley Calhoun becomes direction of Reclamation's Upper Colorado River Region&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==1993==&lt;br /&gt;
*Bruce Babbitt becomes Secretary of the Interior&lt;br /&gt;
*Dan Beard becomes USBR Commissioner&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==1992==&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://www.usbr.gov/uc/legal/gcpa1992.html Grand Canyon Protection Act ] &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==1991==&lt;br /&gt;
*Interim operating criteria for Glen Canyon Dam implemented with what would become MLFF-like releases&lt;br /&gt;
*The [https://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/ds246 1990-91 Research Flows]&lt;br /&gt;
*Razorback Sucker and Kanab Ambersnail federally listed as endangered&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==1990==&lt;br /&gt;
*Beginning of Interim Operating Criteria&lt;br /&gt;
*The 1990-91 Experimental Flows&lt;br /&gt;
*Formulative discussions on the concept of HFEs begin lead by Duncan Patton&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==1989==&lt;br /&gt;
*Manuel Lujan becomes Secretary of the Interior and orders an environmental impact statement on dam operations.&lt;br /&gt;
*National Research Council sponsors [https://www.nationalacademies.org/publications/1832 symposium] that reviews existing knowledge on Colorado River ecosystem&lt;br /&gt;
*Roland Robison becomes direction of Reclamation's Upper Colorado River Region&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==1988==&lt;br /&gt;
*Salt Lake City Area Integrated Projects(CRSP) passed after a series of public information and comment forums.&lt;br /&gt;
*Glen Canyon Environmental Studies issues [http://archive.library.nau.edu/utils/getfile/collection/cpa/id/61166/filename/61167.pdf ''Glen Canyon Environmental Studies Final Report''], completing Phase I and starting Phase II (1988-1988), which would be accelerated to support environmental impact statement process.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==1987==&lt;br /&gt;
*National Research Council completes review of Glen Canyon Environmental Studies, publishing [http://archive.org/details/riverdammanageme00unse River and Dam Management: a Review of the Bureau of Reclamation's Glen Canyon Environmental Studies]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==1984==&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://www.riversimulator.org/Resources/GCDAMP/GCDAMPchronicle/1983FloodGCDhannon.pdf The 1984 Floods]&lt;br /&gt;
*One of the last Razorback Suckers seen in Grand Canyon is caught and released at Bass Rapids&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==1983==&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://www.riversimulator.org/Resources/GCDAMP/GCDAMPchronicle/1983FloodGCDhannon.pdf The 1983 Floods]&lt;br /&gt;
*Glen Canyon Dam releases more than 92,000 cfs to stop Lake Powell from overtopping Glen Canyon Dam.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==1982==&lt;br /&gt;
*Glen Canyon Environmental Studies - Phase I (1982-1988) created to study effects of Glen Canyon Dam operations&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==1981==&lt;br /&gt;
*Cliff Barrett becomes direction of Reclamation's Upper Colorado River Region&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==1980==&lt;br /&gt;
*Lake Powell reaches full pool (3,700 ft)&lt;br /&gt;
*Bonytail chub listed as endangered&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==1979==&lt;br /&gt;
*Grand Canyon National Park designated a UNESCO World Heritage Site&lt;br /&gt;
*USBR proposes an upgrade of Glen Canyon Dam's generators&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==1978==&lt;br /&gt;
*U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service files jeopardy opinion on the effects of Glen Canyon Dam on endangered fishes&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==1975==&lt;br /&gt;
*Grand Canyon National Park Enlargement Act passed&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==1974==&lt;br /&gt;
*Colorado River Basin Salinity Control Act authorized the construction, operation, and maintenance of works in the Colorado River Basin to control the salinity of Colorado River water available for use in the United States and Mexico. Some GCDAMP stakeholders participate in the Salinity Control Forums created by the act.&lt;br /&gt;
*First Lawsuit filed over Glen Canyon Dam operations by commercial raft operators contending that the disruption of normal flows was interfering with their ability to conduct river trips.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==1973==&lt;br /&gt;
*Endangered Species Act (ESA) of 1973 passed to protect and promote the recovery of animals and plants that are in danger of becoming extinct because of the activities of people. Administered by the US Fish and Wildlife Service.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==1972==&lt;br /&gt;
*Last verified record of [https://gcdamp.com/index.php/Colorado_Pikeminnow Colorado Pikeminnow] caught in Grand Canyon at Havasu Creek&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==1971==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==1970==&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/lc/region/pao/pdfiles/opcriter.pdf Long-range Operating Criteria (LROC)] developed for Glen Canyon Dam operations&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==1969==&lt;br /&gt;
*National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA) of 1969 passed requiring Federal agencies to consider the environmental impacts of their proposed actions and reasonable alternatives to those actions.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==1968==&lt;br /&gt;
*Colorado River Basin Project Act passed&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==1967==&lt;br /&gt;
*Humpback chub and Colorado pikeminnow federally listed as endangered&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==1966==&lt;br /&gt;
*National Historic Preservation Act passed&lt;br /&gt;
*Crystal rapid forms after a large flash flood from Crystal Creek&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==1965==&lt;br /&gt;
*[[The 1965 Reservoir Equalization and Channel Cleaning Floods]]&lt;br /&gt;
*United States contract for delivery of power from the Colorado River Storage Project to customers.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==1964==&lt;br /&gt;
*U.S. Supreme Court decision in Arizona v. California confirmed apportionments of Colorado River water authorized in 1928 Boulder Canyon Project Act, including Nevada's allocation of 0.3 maf per year. The Decree in this case set many of the rules under which the river is operated.  &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==1963==&lt;br /&gt;
*Glen Canyon Dam completed as part of the Colorado River Storage Project.&lt;br /&gt;
*U.S. Supreme Court held in Arizona vs California that, as a result of the Boulder Canyon Project Act, California held an allocation of 4.4 maf, Arizona 2.8 maf, and Nevada 300,000 acre-feet of Colorado River water&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== 1956 ==&lt;br /&gt;
*Colorado River Storage Project Act passed authorizing Glen Canyon Dam&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== 1948 ==&lt;br /&gt;
*Upper Colorado River Basin Compact signed&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== 1944 ==&lt;br /&gt;
*Treaty with Mexico obligating the US to provide 1.5 maf of Colorado River water to Mexico annually&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== 1935 ==&lt;br /&gt;
*Hoover Dam completed &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== 1928 ==&lt;br /&gt;
*Boulder Canyon Project Act passed authorizing Hoover Dam.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== 1922 ==&lt;br /&gt;
*Colorado River Compact signed allocating the Colorado River water between the upper and the lower basins.  Upper basin States have the right to use 7.5 maf/yr only if that quantity is available after meeting delivery requirements of 7.5 maf/yr to the Lower basin plus the amount required to satisfy anticipated claims by Mexico.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== 1921 ==&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://www.parkerliveonline.com/2013/07/24/colorado-river-day-thursday/ Colorado River was officially re-named from the “Grand” to the “Colorado.” ] &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== 1919 ==&lt;br /&gt;
*Grand Canyon National Park created&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== 1916 ==&lt;br /&gt;
*National Park Service Organic Act passed&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== 1902 ==&lt;br /&gt;
*Reclamation Act Creates the Bureau of Reclamation&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== 1869 ==&lt;br /&gt;
*Major John Wesley Powell leads first recorded expedition to traverse Grand Canyon&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://www.azcentral.com/story/travel/local/history/2014/05/27/powells-death-defying-grand-canyon-odyssey/9596303/ Powell's death-defying Grand Canyon odyssey]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==*11,000 BP==&lt;br /&gt;
*Paleo-Indian peoples occupy Grand Canyon region&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Cellsworth</name></author>	</entry>

	<entry>
		<id>http://gcdamp.com/index.php?title=Glen_Canyon_Dam_Adaptive_Management_ADMINISTRATIVE_HISTORY&amp;diff=11288</id>
		<title>Glen Canyon Dam Adaptive Management ADMINISTRATIVE HISTORY</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://gcdamp.com/index.php?title=Glen_Canyon_Dam_Adaptive_Management_ADMINISTRATIVE_HISTORY&amp;diff=11288"/>
				<updated>2026-09-29T20:00:47Z</updated>
		
		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Cellsworth: &lt;/p&gt;
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==[[GCDAMP Strategic Plan| '''History of the Glen Canyon Dam Adaptive Management Program''']]==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The Secretary of the Interior Bruce Babbitt, created the Glen Canyon Dam Adaptive Management Program (GCDAMP) in response to the 1995 Environmental Impact Statement on the Operations of Glen Canyon Dam. The GCDAMP is responsible for implementation of the Grand Canyon Protection Act of 1992, to monitor the operation of Glen Canyon Dam, to ensure the dam is operated in compliance with a range of laws and regulations and mitigate any significant environmental impacts. [https://gcdamphistory.org/about/what-is-gcdamp/]&lt;br /&gt;
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{|width=&amp;quot;100%&amp;quot; cellpadding=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; cellspacing=&amp;quot;5&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;vertical-align:top; background:#f5faff;&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
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==Glen Canyon Environmental Studies - Phase I (1982-1988)==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Phase I of the Glen Canyon Environmental Studies (GCES), conducted from 1982 to 1988, was a major scientific research program launched by the U.S. Bureau of Reclamation to evaluate how dam operations affected the downstream ecosystem of the Colorado River.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
*Purpose: Assess the short- and long-term impacts of Glen Canyon Dam operations on downstream resources, including vegetation, wildlife, fisheries, recreation, and sand beaches.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
*Main Findings: Scientists discovered that rapid daily water fluctuations and high-volume releases from the dam were causing significant damage to downstream environments, native habitats, and cultural resources.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
*Conclusion and Next Steps: Phase I concluded in 1988 with a final report. The alarming evidence gathered directly triggered Phase II in 1989 and forced the Secretary of the Interior to order a comprehensive Environmental Impact Statement (EIS) to reform dam management.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Glen Canyon Environmental Studies - Phase II (1988-1988)==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The Glen Canyon Environmental Studies (GCES) Phase II was a major scientific research program conducted in the 1990s to evaluate how the operations of Glen Canyon Dam affected the downstream ecosystem of the Colorado River through Glen and Grand Canyons.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
*Purpose: Launched by the Bureau of Reclamation following Phase I, Phase II gathered comprehensive data to understand the physical, chemical, and biological impacts of dam releases (such as fluctuating flows for power generation) on beaches, native fish, and cultural resources.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
*Scientific Integration: It integrated diverse scientific disciplines—including hydrology, sediment transport, aquatic ecology, and terrestrial biology—to create experimental high flows and steady flow tests.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
*Legacy and Outcome: The extensive data and environmental assessments produced during Phase II directly provided the scientific foundation for the 1996 Glen Canyon Dam Environmental Impact Statement (EIS) and the subsequent establishment of the Glen Canyon Dam Adaptive Management Program (GCDAMP).&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==National Research Council workshop on Colorado River (1989)==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
In 1989, the National Research Council (NRC) sponsored a pivotal symposium/workshop that reviewed existing scientific knowledge on the Colorado River ecosystem.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''Context and Core Focus'''&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
This workshop was a critical milestone in the history of the Glen Canyon Dam Adaptive Management Program (GCDAMP). Prior to this, Phase I of the Glen Canyon Environmental Studies (GCES) (spanning 1982–1988) had revealed that the daily fluctuating water releases from the Glen Canyon Dam were causing significant degradation downstream. This included the erosion of sandbars used for campsites and the destruction of critical habitats for native and endangered fish in the Grand Canyon.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The 1989 NRC workshop brought together scientists, resource managers, and policymakers to synthesize what was known about these human-induced ecological impacts.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''Historical Significance &amp;amp; Outcomes'''&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
*Catalyst for Policy Change: The symposium coincided with a major turning point. In July 1989, Secretary of the Interior Manuel Lujan used these compounding scientific concerns to formally order a comprehensive Environmental Impact Statement (EIS) on Glen Canyon Dam operations. This marked the first time a retroactive EIS was mandated for an active, major federal dam.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
*Transition to Phase II: The workshop helped structure the scientific hypotheses for Phase II of the GCES (1989–1996), shifting the focus toward integrated ecosystem modeling and formal adaptive management.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
*Subsequent Publication: The findings and reviews initiated around this period culminated in the landmark NRC report, [https://www.nationalacademies.org/publications/1832 Colorado River Ecology and Dam Management], published in 1990.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Formative discussions on the concept for HFEs (1990-1995)==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
High Flow Experimental Releases (HFEs) refer to controlled, high-volume water releases from dams designed to mimic natural floods and rebuild ecological habitats.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The Concept: Between 1990 and 1995, scientists associated with pioneering ecologist Duncan Patten engaged in highly controversial &amp;quot;formative discussions&amp;quot; about the concept of controlled flooding.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The Debate: At the time, major federal water agencies and traditional engineers were deeply wary of intentionally flooding river systems. These early 1990s discussions served to lay the scientific groundwork for changing dam discharge patterns.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The Result: This period directly led to the implementation of interim operating criteria at major sites like the Glen Canyon Dam, culminating in the first historic, massive test of an environmental HFE in the Grand Canyon in 1996.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Beginning of Interim Operating Criteria (1991)==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The interim operating criteria for Glen Canyon Dam officially began implementation in August 1991, following an initial testing period and a formal Interagency Agreement.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
*Testing Phase: Tested by the Bureau of Reclamation between August 1 and October 31, 1991, to evaluate research flows and downstream ecological data.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
*Interagency Agreement: Formalized via an agreement executed between the Bureau of Reclamation and the Western Area Power Administration (WAPA) on October 2, 1991 (with exception criteria detailed further on October 21, 1991).&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
*Operational Flexibility: Allowed WAPA a 10% fluctuation buffer around operational constraints to manage electrical control areas while accommodating downramp limits.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
*Environmental Context: Preceded the landmark Grand Canyon Protection Act of 1992, which legally mandated protecting downstream resources in Grand Canyon National Park and Glen Canyon National Recreation Area.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==[https://gcdamp.com/index.php/Grand_Canyon_Protection_Act Grand Canyon Protection Act (1992)]==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The Grand Canyon Protection Act of 1992 directed the Secretary of the Interior to manage the Glen Canyon Dam to protect downstream environmental, cultural, and recreational resources in the Grand Canyon.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''Key Provisions'''&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
*Dam Operations: Required the Bureau of Reclamation to operate Glen Canyon Dam in a way that mitigates adverse impacts on natural and cultural resources and visitor use in a manner fully consistent with and subject to the Law of the River.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
*Water Priority: Made environmental protection subordinate to the primary water storage and delivery functions of the Colorado River Compact.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
*Environmental Impact Statement (EIS): Mandated a comprehensive EIS on dam operations, leading to a 1996 Record of Decision.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
*Long-Term Monitoring: Ordered the establishment of long-term monitoring programs and adaptive management to continually evaluate downstream ecosystem health.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Glen Canyon Dam Environmental Impact Statement (1995)==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The Glen Canyon Dam Environmental Impact Statement (Reclamation 1995) was completed in&lt;br /&gt;
March 1995. Its purpose was to “determine specific options that could be implemented to&lt;br /&gt;
minimize—consistent with law—adverse impacts on the downstream environmental and cultural&lt;br /&gt;
resources and Native American interests in Glen and Grand Canyons.” The Glen Canyon Dam &lt;br /&gt;
Environmental Impact Statement analyzed nine alternatives to allow the Secretary of the Interior&lt;br /&gt;
to balance competing interests and to meet statutory responsibilities for protecting downstream&lt;br /&gt;
resources and producing hydropower, and to protect affected Native American interests. The&lt;br /&gt;
preferred alternative was the Modified Low Fluctuating Flow Alternative.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Establishment of the Grand Canyon Monitoring and Research Center (1995)==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The Grand Canyon Monitoring and Research Center (GCMRC) was officially established in November 1995 to measure how Glen Canyon Dam operations affect natural, physical, biological, and cultural resources along the Colorado River.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Legislative Mandate: Created to fulfill the long-term monitoring and research requirements of the Grand Canyon Protection Act of 1992.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Core Mission: Ensure that Glen Canyon Dam operates in a way that protects and improves the values of Grand Canyon National Park and Glen Canyon National Recreation Area.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Program Integration: Absorbed the earlier Glen Canyon Environmental Studies program and became the main science provider for the Glen Canyon Dam Adaptive Management Program (GCDAMP).&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Transition Work Group (1995-1996)==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The informal group was assembled to act as a bridge between GCES and GCDAMP personnel and methods. It was comprised mostly of soon-to-be GCDAMP stakeholders.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Record of Decision on the Operation of Glen Canyon Dam (1996)==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
On October 9, 1996, the Secretary of the Interior signed the Record of Decision that presented&lt;br /&gt;
the rationale for choosing the Modified Low Fluctuating Flow Alternative. As noted in the Record of Decision:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The goal of selecting a preferred alternative was not to maximize benefits for the most&lt;br /&gt;
resources, but rather to find an alternative dam operating plan that would permit recovery&lt;br /&gt;
and long-term sustainability of downstream resources while limiting hydropower&lt;br /&gt;
capability and flexibility only to the extent necessary to achieve recovery and long-term&lt;br /&gt;
sustainability. [Reclamation 1996:10]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The Record of Decision (Appendix G) included seven environmental and monitoring&lt;br /&gt;
commitments:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* Adaptive Management&lt;br /&gt;
* Monitoring and Protection of Cultural Resources&lt;br /&gt;
* Flood Frequency Reduction Measures&lt;br /&gt;
* Beach/Habitat-Building Flows&lt;br /&gt;
* New Population of Humpback Chub&lt;br /&gt;
* Further Study of Selective Withdrawal&lt;br /&gt;
* Emergency Exception Criteria&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The commitments are explained in detail in the Record of Decision (Reclamation 1996;&lt;br /&gt;
Appendix G) and in the Glen Canyon Dam Environmental Impact Statement (Reclamation&lt;br /&gt;
1995:33-34); however, it should be noted that subsequent work of the Technical Work Group&lt;br /&gt;
and Adaptive Management Work Group have altered some commitments (Technical Work&lt;br /&gt;
Group 1998) with Endangered Species Act and National Environmental Policy Act compliance.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Strategic Planning Subcommittee (1997-2000)==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Formed at the behest of SOI Bruce Babbitt for the transition from GCES to GCDAMP/AMWG. There were seven members, representing recreation, environmental, tribal, hydropower and Department of the Interior interests. According to Andre Potochnik, it was this group that took the Colorado River trip described in detail by Mary Orton (see 1999, below).&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==AMWG and TWG fully established (1997)==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
In 1997 Secretary of Interior Bruce Babbitt established the Glen Canyon Dam Adaptive Management Work Group (AMWG) as a formal Federal Advisory Committee, under the authority and guidelines of the Federal Advisory Committee Act of 1972. The purpose of AMWG was to monitor implementation of the ROD, provide recommendations to the Secretary regarding its effectiveness, and recommend science-based adjustments to the operation of Glen Canyon Dam to better achieve restoration and maintenance of downstream resources. AMWG held its first meeting on September 10-11, 1997, and officially formed the Glen Canyon Technical Work Group (TWG) as a subgroup to work on tasks charged to them by the AMWG.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==AMWG Colorado River trip (1999)==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
As described in Mary Orton’s oral history interview, this trip through Grand Canyon helped soothe contention among AMWG stakeholders, who had not been working together for very long, and resulted in a Vision and Mission Statement for the group. Most oral history interviewees involved in GCDAMP at the time have shared a recollection of the trip or its impact on the program.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The combined Vision and Mission statement reads as follows:&lt;br /&gt;
*The Grand Canyon is a homeland for some, sacred to many, and a national treasure for all. In honor of past generations, and on behalf of those of the present and future, we envision an ecosystem where the resources and natural processes are in harmony under a stewardship worthy of the Grand Canyon.&lt;br /&gt;
*We advise the Secretary of the Interior on how best to protect, mitigate adverse impacts to, and improve the integrity of the Colorado River ecosystem affected by Glen Canyon Dam, including natural biological diversity (emphasizing native biodiversity), traditional cultural properties’ spiritual values, and cultural, physical, and recreational resources through the operation of Glen Canyon Dam and other means.&lt;br /&gt;
*We do so in keeping with the federal trust responsibilities to Indian tribes, in compliance with applicable federal, state, and tribal laws, including the water delivery obligations of the Law of the River, and with due consideration to the economic value of power resources.&lt;br /&gt;
*This will be accomplished through our long-term partnership utilizing the best available scientific and other information through an adaptive ecosystem management process. [http://www.riversimulator.org/Resources/GCDAMP/GCDAMPchronicle/StrategicPlanGCDamp2001.pdf]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Publication of first GCDAMP Strategic Plan (2001)==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
“This strategic plan is a guidance document for the Glen Canyon Dam Adaptive Management Program and was developed by program members. Elements of this plan include the Glen Canyon Dam Adaptive Management Work Group’s vision and mission statements, as well as principles, goals, and management objectives.” (From the Foreword to the Stategic Plan)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==[http://www.riversimulator.org/Resources/Legal/GCD/ReclamationLTEPwebPage.pdf Long-Term Experimental Plan (LTEP) EIS (2006)] ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The Long-Term Experimental Plan Environmental Impact Statement (LTEP&lt;br /&gt;
EIS) was begun in late 2006 to address flow and non-flow actions in the&lt;br /&gt;
Colorado River below Glen Canyon Dam. The Bureau of Reclamation&lt;br /&gt;
completed public scoping for the proposed action in January 2007 and&lt;br /&gt;
issued a scoping report in March 2007. Multiple factors, including&lt;br /&gt;
extraordinarily large sediment inputs from tributaries, new information on&lt;br /&gt;
the endangered humpback chub population, and litigation, have led to a&lt;br /&gt;
temporary suspension of work on the LTEP EIS, and instead a primary&lt;br /&gt;
focus on Endangered Species Act and National Environmental Policy Act&lt;br /&gt;
compliance on a five-year plan of experimental flows, including a high-flow&lt;br /&gt;
test that was completed in early March 2008.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==[https://gcdamp.com/index.php/Portal:Desired_Future_Conditions_-DFCs Desired Future Conditions (2012)]==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Desired Future Conditions were developed as statements of qualitative goals and objectives for the AMP,&lt;br /&gt;
realistic and achievable through the operation of Glen Canyon Dam and related activities, subject&lt;br /&gt;
to the Law of the River and other laws and authorities and consistent with the Grand Canyon&lt;br /&gt;
Protection Act. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==[https://gcdamp.com/index.php/The_HFE_Page The High Flow Experiment (HFE) Protocol (2012)]==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
An HFE Protocol was developed in 2012 and describes how these experimental releases are designed to achieve a better understanding of whether, how, and when to incorporate high releases into future dam operations in a manner that maintains or improves beaches, sandbars, and associated habitat. The LTEMP HFE Protocol establishes a decision-making framework consisting of three components: (1) planning and budgeting, (2) modeling, and (3) decision and implementation.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Under the 2016 LTEMP, HFE releases are restricted to limited periods of the year when the highest volumes of sediment are most likely available for building sandbars. Sediment-triggered HFEs may be made in spring (March to June) or fall (October to November; Figure 1). Fall extended-duration HFEs range from greater than 96 hr to 250 hr. Spring and fall HFEs that are not extended-duration range from less than 1 hr to 96 hr. Proactive HFEs may be implemented in spring or early summer (April, May or June), and have a duration range up to 24 hr. HFE magnitudes range from 31,500 cubic feet per second (cfs) to 45,000 cfs. The frequency of HFEs is determined by tributary sediment inputs, annual release volumes, resource conditions, and decisions of the Department. Extended-duration fall HFEs are limited to a frequency of 4 times total in the 20-year LTEMP period. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==[https://gcdamp.com/index.php/Long-term_Experimental_and_Management_Plan_(LTEMP) The Long-term Experimental and Management Plan (LTEMP) EIS (2016)]==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
LTEMP “provides the basis for decisions that identify management actions and experimental options that will provide a framework for adaptively managing Glen Canyon Dam operations over the next 20 years.”&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The purpose of the proposed action is to provide a comprehensive framework for adaptively managing Glen Canyon Dam over the next 20 years consistent with the GCPA and other provisions of applicable Federal law. The proposed action will help determine specific dam operations and actions that could be implemented to improve conditions and continue to meet the GCPA's requirements and to minimize, consistent with law-adverse impacts on the downstream natural, recreational, and cultural resources in the two park units, including resources of importance to American Indian Tribes.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The need for the proposed action stems from the need to use scientific information developed since the 1996 ROD to better inform DOI decisions on dam operations and other management and experimental actions so that the Secretary of the Interior may continue to meet statutory responsibilities for protecting downstream resources for future generations, conserving species listed under the Endangered Species Act (ESA), avoiding or mitigating impacts on National Register of Historic Places (NRHP)-eligible properties, and protecting the interests of American Indian Tribes, while meeting obligations for water delivery and the generation of hydroelectric power.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
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*[http://gcdamphistory.org GCDAMP Administrative History website]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://gcdamphistory.org/about/new-member-orientation/ New Member Orientation]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://gcdamphistory.org/archive/key-readings/ Key Readings]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://gcdamphistory.org/archive/oral-histories/ Oral Histories]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://gcdamphistory.org/history/historical-timeline/ Historical Timeline]&lt;br /&gt;
*[[GCDAMP AHAHG Page| Administrative History Ad-Hoc Group (AHAHG) page]]&lt;br /&gt;
*[[GCES Documents| GCES Documents]]&lt;br /&gt;
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==GCDAMP Wiki==&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://gcdamp.com/index.php?title=GCDAMP_WIKI_Overview_Questions Link to information on the GCDAMP Wiki]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==GCDAMP Administrative History Project==&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://gcdamp.com/index.php?title=BIO_Pages Bio Pages for GCDAMP Stakeholders and their Representatives]&lt;br /&gt;
*[[GCDAMP Representatives- History|  GCDAMP Representatives- History]]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.dropbox.com/sh/o1luou2q20bkwz3/AAD_ugRuHF7BtpOdZtkLTpjXa?dl=0 Interviews dropbox: Mary Orton, Larry Stevens, Cliff Barrett and Dave Wegner]&lt;br /&gt;
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===Interviews===&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://gcdamp.com/index.php?title=Cliff_Barrett-_BIO_PAGE Cliff Barrett]&lt;br /&gt;
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'''2020'''&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/twg/2020-04-15-twg-meeting/20200415-AdministrativeHistoryProjectProgressUpdate-Presentation-508-UCRO.pdf Administrative History Project – Progress Update ]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''2019'''&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/amwg/2019-03-06-amwg-meeting/20190306-AdministrativeHistoryUpdate-Presentation-508-UCRO.pdf Administrative History Project Update Presentation]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''2018'''&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/rm/amp/amwg/mtgs/18feb14/Attach_13.pdf GCDAMP Administrative History Project PPT]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''2017'''&lt;br /&gt;
*[[Media:GCDAMP Administrative History Project Year 1 Report.pdf| First Year Report and Strategic Plan for GCDAMP administrative history]]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/rm/amp/amwg/mtgs/17feb15/AIF%20Admin%20History.pdf GCDAMP Administrative History Project Update ]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/rm/amp/amwg/mtgs/17feb15/Wiki%20Report.pdf GCDAMP Wiki Update ]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''2016'''&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://www.usbr.gov/uc/rm/amp/twg/mtgs/16oct18/Attach_03.pdf Wiki ppt]&lt;br /&gt;
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&amp;lt;Span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/Span&amp;gt;&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Cellsworth</name></author>	</entry>

	<entry>
		<id>http://gcdamp.com/index.php?title=Glen_Canyon_Dam_Adaptive_Management_ADMINISTRATIVE_HISTORY&amp;diff=11287</id>
		<title>Glen Canyon Dam Adaptive Management ADMINISTRATIVE HISTORY</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://gcdamp.com/index.php?title=Glen_Canyon_Dam_Adaptive_Management_ADMINISTRATIVE_HISTORY&amp;diff=11287"/>
				<updated>2026-09-29T19:53:04Z</updated>
		
		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Cellsworth: &lt;/p&gt;
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==[[GCDAMP Strategic Plan| '''History of the Glen Canyon Dam Adaptive Management Program''']]==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The Secretary of the Interior Bruce Babbitt, created the Glen Canyon Dam Adaptive Management Program (GCDAMP) in response to the 1995 Environmental Impact Statement on the Operations of Glen Canyon Dam. The GCDAMP is responsible for implementation of the Grand Canyon Protection Act of 1992, to monitor the operation of Glen Canyon Dam, to ensure the dam is operated in compliance with a range of laws and regulations and mitigate any significant environmental impacts. [https://gcdamphistory.org/about/what-is-gcdamp/]&lt;br /&gt;
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{|width=&amp;quot;100%&amp;quot; cellpadding=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; cellspacing=&amp;quot;5&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;vertical-align:top; background:#f5faff;&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
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==Glen Canyon Environmental Studies - Phase I (1982-1988)==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Phase I of the Glen Canyon Environmental Studies (GCES), conducted from 1982 to 1988, was a major scientific research program launched by the U.S. Bureau of Reclamation to evaluate how dam operations affected the downstream ecosystem of the Colorado River.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
*Purpose: Assess the short- and long-term impacts of Glen Canyon Dam operations on downstream resources, including vegetation, wildlife, fisheries, recreation, and sand beaches.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
*Main Findings: Scientists discovered that rapid daily water fluctuations and high-volume releases from the dam were causing significant damage to downstream environments, native habitats, and cultural resources.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
*Conclusion and Next Steps: Phase I concluded in 1988 with a final report. The alarming evidence gathered directly triggered Phase II in 1989 and forced the Secretary of the Interior to order a comprehensive Environmental Impact Statement (EIS) to reform dam management.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Glen Canyon Environmental Studies - Phase II (1988-1988)==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The Glen Canyon Environmental Studies (GCES) Phase II was a major scientific research program conducted in the 1990s to evaluate how the operations of Glen Canyon Dam affected the downstream ecosystem of the Colorado River through Glen and Grand Canyons.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
*Purpose: Launched by the Bureau of Reclamation following Phase I, Phase II gathered comprehensive data to understand the physical, chemical, and biological impacts of dam releases (such as fluctuating flows for power generation) on beaches, native fish, and cultural resources.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
*Scientific Integration: It integrated diverse scientific disciplines—including hydrology, sediment transport, aquatic ecology, and terrestrial biology—to create experimental high flows and steady flow tests.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
*Legacy and Outcome: The extensive data and environmental assessments produced during Phase II directly provided the scientific foundation for the 1996 Glen Canyon Dam Environmental Impact Statement (EIS) and the subsequent establishment of the Glen Canyon Dam Adaptive Management Program (GCDAMP).&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==National Research Council workshop on Colorado River (1989)==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
In 1989, the National Research Council (NRC) sponsored a pivotal symposium/workshop that reviewed existing scientific knowledge on the Colorado River ecosystem.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''Context and Core Focus'''&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
This workshop was a critical milestone in the history of the Glen Canyon Dam Adaptive Management Program (GCDAMP). Prior to this, Phase I of the Glen Canyon Environmental Studies (GCES) (spanning 1982–1988) had revealed that the daily fluctuating water releases from the Glen Canyon Dam were causing significant degradation downstream. This included the erosion of sandbars used for campsites and the destruction of critical habitats for native and endangered fish in the Grand Canyon.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The 1989 NRC workshop brought together scientists, resource managers, and policymakers to synthesize what was known about these human-induced ecological impacts.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''Historical Significance &amp;amp; Outcomes'''&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
*Catalyst for Policy Change: The symposium coincided with a major turning point. In July 1989, Secretary of the Interior Manuel Lujan used these compounding scientific concerns to formally order a comprehensive Environmental Impact Statement (EIS) on Glen Canyon Dam operations. This marked the first time a retroactive EIS was mandated for an active, major federal dam.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
*Transition to Phase II: The workshop helped structure the scientific hypotheses for Phase II of the GCES (1989–1996), shifting the focus toward integrated ecosystem modeling and formal adaptive management.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
*Subsequent Publication: The findings and reviews initiated around this period culminated in the landmark NRC report, [https://www.nationalacademies.org/publications/1832 Colorado River Ecology and Dam Management], published in 1990.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Formative discussions on the concept for HFEs (1990-1995)==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
High Flow Experimental Releases (HFEs) refer to controlled, high-volume water releases from dams designed to mimic natural floods and rebuild ecological habitats.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The Concept: Between 1990 and 1995, scientists associated with pioneering ecologist Duncan Patten engaged in highly controversial &amp;quot;formative discussions&amp;quot; about the concept of controlled flooding.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The Debate: At the time, major federal water agencies and traditional engineers were deeply wary of intentionally flooding river systems. These early 1990s discussions served to lay the scientific groundwork for changing dam discharge patterns.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The Result: This period directly led to the implementation of interim operating criteria at major sites like the Glen Canyon Dam, culminating in the first historic, massive test of an environmental HFE in the Grand Canyon in 1996.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Beginning of Interim Operating Criteria (1991)==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The interim operating criteria for Glen Canyon Dam officially began implementation in August 1991, following an initial testing period and a formal Interagency Agreement.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
*Testing Phase: Tested by the Bureau of Reclamation between August 1 and October 31, 1991, to evaluate research flows and downstream ecological data.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
*Interagency Agreement: Formalized via an agreement executed between the Bureau of Reclamation and the Western Area Power Administration (WAPA) on October 2, 1991 (with exception criteria detailed further on October 21, 1991).&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
*Operational Flexibility: Allowed WAPA a 10% fluctuation buffer around operational constraints to manage electrical control areas while accommodating downramp limits.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
*Environmental Context: Preceded the landmark Grand Canyon Protection Act of 1992, which legally mandated protecting downstream resources in Grand Canyon National Park and Glen Canyon National Recreation Area.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==[https://gcdamp.com/index.php/Grand_Canyon_Protection_Act Grand Canyon Protection Act (1992)]==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The Grand Canyon Protection Act of 1992 directed the Secretary of the Interior to manage the Glen Canyon Dam to protect downstream environmental, cultural, and recreational resources in the Grand Canyon.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''Key Provisions'''&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
*Dam Operations: Required the Bureau of Reclamation to operate Glen Canyon Dam in a way that mitigates adverse impacts on natural and cultural resources and visitor use in a manner fully consistent with and subject to the Law of the River.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
*Water Priority: Made environmental protection subordinate to the primary water storage and delivery functions of the Colorado River Compact.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
*Environmental Impact Statement (EIS): Mandated a comprehensive EIS on dam operations, leading to a 1996 Record of Decision.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
*Long-Term Monitoring: Ordered the establishment of long-term monitoring programs and adaptive management to continually evaluate downstream ecosystem health.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Glen Canyon Dam Environmental Impact Statement (1995)==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The Glen Canyon Dam Environmental Impact Statement (Reclamation 1995) was completed in&lt;br /&gt;
March 1995. Its purpose was to “determine specific options that could be implemented to&lt;br /&gt;
minimize—consistent with law—adverse impacts on the downstream environmental and cultural&lt;br /&gt;
resources and Native American interests in Glen and Grand Canyons.” The Glen Canyon Dam &lt;br /&gt;
Environmental Impact Statement analyzed nine alternatives to allow the Secretary of the Interior&lt;br /&gt;
to balance competing interests and to meet statutory responsibilities for protecting downstream&lt;br /&gt;
resources and producing hydropower, and to protect affected Native American interests. The&lt;br /&gt;
preferred alternative was the Modified Low Fluctuating Flow Alternative.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Establishment of the Grand Canyon Monitoring and Research Center (1995)==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The Grand Canyon Monitoring and Research Center (GCMRC) was officially established in November 1995 to measure how Glen Canyon Dam operations affect natural, physical, biological, and cultural resources along the Colorado River.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Legislative Mandate: Created to fulfill the long-term monitoring and research requirements of the Grand Canyon Protection Act of 1992.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Core Mission: Ensure that Glen Canyon Dam operates in a way that protects and improves the values of Grand Canyon National Park and Glen Canyon National Recreation Area.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Program Integration: Absorbed the earlier Glen Canyon Environmental Studies program and became the main science provider for the Glen Canyon Dam Adaptive Management Program (GCDAMP).&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Transition Work Group (1995-1996)==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The informal group was assembled to act as a bridge between GCES and GCDAMP personnel and methods. It was comprised mostly of soon-to-be GCDAMP stakeholders.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Record of Decision on the Operation of Glen Canyon Dam (1996)==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
On October 9, 1996, the Secretary of the Interior signed the Record of Decision that presented&lt;br /&gt;
the rationale for choosing the Modified Low Fluctuating Flow Alternative. As noted in the Record of Decision:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The goal of selecting a preferred alternative was not to maximize benefits for the most&lt;br /&gt;
resources, but rather to find an alternative dam operating plan that would permit recovery&lt;br /&gt;
and long-term sustainability of downstream resources while limiting hydropower&lt;br /&gt;
capability and flexibility only to the extent necessary to achieve recovery and long-term&lt;br /&gt;
sustainability. [Reclamation 1996:10]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The Record of Decision (Appendix G) included seven environmental and monitoring&lt;br /&gt;
commitments:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* Adaptive Management&lt;br /&gt;
* Monitoring and Protection of Cultural Resources&lt;br /&gt;
* Flood Frequency Reduction Measures&lt;br /&gt;
* Beach/Habitat-Building Flows&lt;br /&gt;
* New Population of Humpback Chub&lt;br /&gt;
* Further Study of Selective Withdrawal&lt;br /&gt;
* Emergency Exception Criteria&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The commitments are explained in detail in the Record of Decision (Reclamation 1996;&lt;br /&gt;
Appendix G) and in the Glen Canyon Dam Environmental Impact Statement (Reclamation&lt;br /&gt;
1995:33-34); however, it should be noted that subsequent work of the Technical Work Group&lt;br /&gt;
and Adaptive Management Work Group have altered some commitments (Technical Work&lt;br /&gt;
Group 1998) with Endangered Species Act and National Environmental Policy Act compliance.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Strategic Planning Subcommittee (1997-2000)==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Formed at the behest of SOI Bruce Babbitt for the transition from GCES to GCDAMP/AMWG. There were seven members, representing recreation, environmental, tribal, hydropower and Department of the Interior interests. According to Andre Potochnik, it was this group that took the Colorado River trip described in detail by Mary Orton (see 1999, below).&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==AMWG and TWG fully established (1997)==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
In 1997 Secretary of Interior Bruce Babbitt established the Glen Canyon Dam Adaptive Management Work Group (AMWG) as a formal Federal Advisory Committee, under the authority and guidelines of the Federal Advisory Committee Act of 1972. The purpose of AMWG was to monitor implementation of the ROD, provide recommendations to the Secretary regarding its effectiveness, and recommend science-based adjustments to the operation of Glen Canyon Dam to better achieve restoration and maintenance of downstream resources. AMWG held its first meeting on September 10-11, 1997, and officially formed the Glen Canyon Technical Work Group (TWG) as a subgroup to work on tasks charged to them by the AMWG.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==AMWG Colorado River trip (1999)==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
As described in Mary Orton’s oral history interview, this trip through Grand Canyon helped soothe contention among AMWG stakeholders, who had not been working together for very long, and resulted in a Vision Statement for the group. Most oral history interviewees involved in GCDAMP at the time have shared a recollection of the trip or its impact on the program.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Publication of first GCDAMP Strategic Plan (2001)==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
“This strategic plan is a guidance document for the Glen Canyon Dam Adaptive Management Program and was developed by program members. Elements of this plan include the Glen Canyon Dam Adaptive Management Work Group’s vision and mission statements, as well as principles, goals, and management objectives.” (From the Foreword to the Stategic Plan)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Experimental design initiated (2002)==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Adaptive Management Work Group recommends implementation of the first 2 years of an experimental design proposed by the GCMRC.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Experimental fish programs launched (2003)==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Experiment begun to remove nonnative fish from the Colorado River in Grand Canyon. Fluctuating nonnative fish suppression releases from January through March implemented and continued through 2005.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==[http://www.riversimulator.org/Resources/Legal/GCD/ReclamationLTEPwebPage.pdf Long-Term Experimental Plan Environmental Plan (2006)] ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The Long-Term Experimental Plan Environmental Impact Statement (LTEP&lt;br /&gt;
EIS) was begun in late 2006 to address flow and non-flow actions in the&lt;br /&gt;
Colorado River below Glen Canyon Dam. The Bureau of Reclamation&lt;br /&gt;
completed public scoping for the proposed action in January 2007 and&lt;br /&gt;
issued a scoping report in March 2007. Multiple factors, including&lt;br /&gt;
extraordinarily large sediment inputs from tributaries, new information on&lt;br /&gt;
the endangered humpback chub population, and litigation, have led to a&lt;br /&gt;
temporary suspension of work on the LTEP EIS, and instead a primary&lt;br /&gt;
focus on Endangered Species Act and National Environmental Policy Act&lt;br /&gt;
compliance on a five-year plan of experimental flows, including a high-flow&lt;br /&gt;
test that was completed in early March 2008.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==[https://gcdamp.com/index.php/Portal:Desired_Future_Conditions_-DFCs Desired Future Conditions (2012)]==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Desired Future Conditions were developed as statements of qualitative goals and objectives for the AMP,&lt;br /&gt;
realistic and achievable through the operation of Glen Canyon Dam and related activities, subject&lt;br /&gt;
to the Law of the River and other laws and authorities and consistent with the Grand Canyon&lt;br /&gt;
Protection Act. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==[https://gcdamp.com/index.php/The_HFE_Page The High Flow Experiment Protocol (2012)]==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
An HFE Protocol was developed in 2012 and describes how these experimental releases are designed to achieve a better understanding of whether, how, and when to incorporate high releases into future dam operations in a manner that maintains or improves beaches, sandbars, and associated habitat. The LTEMP HFE Protocol establishes a decision-making framework consisting of three components: (1) planning and budgeting, (2) modeling, and (3) decision and implementation.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Under the 2016 LTEMP, HFE releases are restricted to limited periods of the year when the highest volumes of sediment are most likely available for building sandbars. Sediment-triggered HFEs may be made in spring (March to June) or fall (October to November; Figure 1). Fall extended-duration HFEs range from greater than 96 hr to 250 hr. Spring and fall HFEs that are not extended-duration range from less than 1 hr to 96 hr. Proactive HFEs may be implemented in spring or early summer (April, May or June), and have a duration range up to 24 hr. HFE magnitudes range from 31,500 cubic feet per second (cfs) to 45,000 cfs. The frequency of HFEs is determined by tributary sediment inputs, annual release volumes, resource conditions, and decisions of the Department. Extended-duration fall HFEs are limited to a frequency of 4 times total in the 20-year LTEMP period. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==[https://gcdamp.com/index.php/Long-term_Experimental_and_Management_Plan_(LTEMP) LTEMP EIS (2016)]==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
LTEMP “provides the basis for decisions that identify management actions and experimental options that will provide a framework for adaptively managing Glen Canyon Dam operations over the next 20 years.”&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The purpose of the proposed action is to provide a comprehensive framework for adaptively managing Glen Canyon Dam over the next 20 years consistent with the GCPA and other provisions of applicable Federal law. The proposed action will help determine specific dam operations and actions that could be implemented to improve conditions and continue to meet the GCPA's requirements and to minimize, consistent with law-adverse impacts on the downstream natural, recreational, and cultural resources in the two park units, including resources of importance to American Indian Tribes.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The need for the proposed action stems from the need to use scientific information developed since the 1996 ROD to better inform DOI decisions on dam operations and other management and experimental actions so that the Secretary of the Interior may continue to meet statutory responsibilities for protecting downstream resources for future generations, conserving species listed under the Endangered Species Act (ESA), avoiding or mitigating impacts on National Register of Historic Places (NRHP)-eligible properties, and protecting the interests of American Indian Tribes, while meeting obligations for water delivery and the generation of hydroelectric power.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
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*[http://gcdamphistory.org GCDAMP Administrative History website]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://gcdamphistory.org/about/new-member-orientation/ New Member Orientation]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://gcdamphistory.org/archive/key-readings/ Key Readings]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://gcdamphistory.org/archive/oral-histories/ Oral Histories]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://gcdamphistory.org/history/historical-timeline/ Historical Timeline]&lt;br /&gt;
*[[GCDAMP AHAHG Page| Administrative History Ad-Hoc Group (AHAHG) page]]&lt;br /&gt;
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==GCDAMP Wiki==&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://gcdamp.com/index.php?title=GCDAMP_WIKI_Overview_Questions Link to information on the GCDAMP Wiki]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==GCDAMP Administrative History Project==&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://gcdamp.com/index.php?title=BIO_Pages Bio Pages for GCDAMP Stakeholders and their Representatives]&lt;br /&gt;
*[[GCDAMP Representatives- History|  GCDAMP Representatives- History]]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.dropbox.com/sh/o1luou2q20bkwz3/AAD_ugRuHF7BtpOdZtkLTpjXa?dl=0 Interviews dropbox: Mary Orton, Larry Stevens, Cliff Barrett and Dave Wegner]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Interviews===&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://gcdamp.com/index.php?title=Cliff_Barrett-_BIO_PAGE Cliff Barrett]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
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'''2020'''&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/twg/2020-04-15-twg-meeting/20200415-AdministrativeHistoryProjectProgressUpdate-Presentation-508-UCRO.pdf Administrative History Project – Progress Update ]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''2019'''&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/amwg/2019-03-06-amwg-meeting/20190306-AdministrativeHistoryUpdate-Presentation-508-UCRO.pdf Administrative History Project Update Presentation]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''2018'''&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/rm/amp/amwg/mtgs/18feb14/Attach_13.pdf GCDAMP Administrative History Project PPT]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''2017'''&lt;br /&gt;
*[[Media:GCDAMP Administrative History Project Year 1 Report.pdf| First Year Report and Strategic Plan for GCDAMP administrative history]]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/rm/amp/amwg/mtgs/17feb15/AIF%20Admin%20History.pdf GCDAMP Administrative History Project Update ]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/rm/amp/amwg/mtgs/17feb15/Wiki%20Report.pdf GCDAMP Wiki Update ]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''2016'''&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://www.usbr.gov/uc/rm/amp/twg/mtgs/16oct18/Attach_03.pdf Wiki ppt]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
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&amp;lt;Span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/Span&amp;gt;&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Cellsworth</name></author>	</entry>

	<entry>
		<id>http://gcdamp.com/index.php?title=GCDAMP_History_Time-Line_-Years&amp;diff=11286</id>
		<title>GCDAMP History Time-Line -Years</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://gcdamp.com/index.php?title=GCDAMP_History_Time-Line_-Years&amp;diff=11286"/>
				<updated>2026-09-29T18:43:26Z</updated>
		
		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Cellsworth: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
__NOTOC__&lt;br /&gt;
==2027==&lt;br /&gt;
*LTEMP 10-Year Review&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==2026==&lt;br /&gt;
*Start of [https://gcdamp.com/index.php/2027-2028_Operating_Guidelines 2027-2028 Operating Guidelines]&lt;br /&gt;
*Bright Angel creek floods from monsoon rains on the Dragon-Bravo fire scar&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==2025==&lt;br /&gt;
*Razorback suckers stocked into the Little Colorado River (2023-2025)&lt;br /&gt;
*The [https://gcdamp.com/index.php/The_-12_Mile_Slough -12 Mile Slough] gets renovated&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://gcdamp.com/index.php/SEIS_Bypass_Releases SEIS Bypass Releases] (CoolMix) to control smallmouth bass&lt;br /&gt;
*Dragon-Bravo fire burns on the North Rim&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==2024==&lt;br /&gt;
*Razorback suckers stocked into the Little Colorado River (2023-2025)&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://gcdamp.com/index.php/Humpback_Chub_Page Humpback chub] population in Grand Canyon grows to 70,000 adults (40,000–200,000; 95% credible interval) &lt;br /&gt;
*The LTEMP EIS is modified to allow for releases to control smallmouth bass and to modify the sediment accounting windows for HFEs&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://gcdamp.com/index.php/SEIS_Bypass_Releases SEIS Bypass Releases] (CoolMix) to control smallmouth bass&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==2023==&lt;br /&gt;
*Razorback suckers stocked into the Little Colorado River (2023-2025)&lt;br /&gt;
*[[The 2023 Spring HFE| Spring HFE: 39,500 cfs for 72h]] &lt;br /&gt;
*[https://gcdamp.com/index.php/Brown_Trout Brown trout] incentivized harvest at Lees Ferry (2020-2023)&lt;br /&gt;
*Bill Stewart becomes program manager for the Glen Canyon Dam Adaptive Management Program&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==2022==&lt;br /&gt;
*Release temperatures at Glen Canyon Dam reach 20.5C with low reservoir elevations&lt;br /&gt;
*Balancing releases May - September&lt;br /&gt;
*[[A 2022 Fall HFE| A Fall HFE]] was not conducted due to the discovery of [http://gcdamp.com/index.php/Smallmouth_Bass_Page smallmouth bass] in Glen Canyon (1,600,000 mt)&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://gcdamp.com/index.php/The_Bugflow_Experiment Bugflow Experiment]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://gcdamp.com/index.php/Brown_Trout Brown trout] incentivized harvest at Lees Ferry (2020-2023)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==2021==&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://gcdamp.com/index.php?title=Spring_Disturbance_Flow Spring Disturbance Flow]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://gcdamp.com/index.php/Brown_Trout Brown trout] incentivized harvest at Lees Ferry (2020-2023)&lt;br /&gt;
*Andrew Schultz becomes GCMRC Chief&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==2020==&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://gcdamp.com/index.php/The_Bugflow_Experiment Bugflow Experiment]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://gcdamp.com/index.php/Brown_Trout Brown trout] incentivized harvest at Lees Ferry (2020-2023)&lt;br /&gt;
*COVID moves all meetings for the year to remote&lt;br /&gt;
*Wayne Pullan becomes direction of Reclamation's Upper Colorado River Region&lt;br /&gt;
*Ed Keable becomes superintendent of Grand Canyon National Park&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==2019==&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://gcdamp.com/index.php/The_Bugflow_Experiment Bugflow Experiment]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/amwg/2019-08-21-amwg-meeting/20190821-GlenCanyonDamAdaptiveManagementProgramGuidance-508-UCRO.pdf DOI Guidance from Dr. Tim Petty]&lt;br /&gt;
*Brent Esplin becomes direction of Reclamation's Upper Colorado River Region&lt;br /&gt;
*Lee Traynham becomes program manager for the Glen Canyon Dam Adaptive Management Program&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==2018==&lt;br /&gt;
*[[The 2018 Fall HFE| Fall HFE]]: 38,100 cfs for 60h&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://gcdamp.com/index.php/The_Bugflow_Experiment Bugflow Experiment]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==2017==&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://gcdamp.com/index.php/2017_Knowledge_Assessment 2017 Knowledge Assessment]&lt;br /&gt;
*Ryan Zinke becomes Secretary of the Interior&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==2016==&lt;br /&gt;
*Publication of the [https://gcdamp.com/index.php/Long-term_Experimental_and_Management_Plan_(LTEMP) LTEMP EIS]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2017/1006/ofr20171006.pdf LTEMP Science Plan]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/twg/2016-10-18-twg-meeting/Attach_09b.pdf TWG Protocol Paper]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==2015==&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://gcdamp.com/index.php/Brown_Trout Brown trout] and [https://gcdamp.com/index.php/Green_Sunfish_Page green sunfish] start reproducing in Lees Ferry&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://gcdamp.com/index.php?title=GCDAMP-_HFE_2015 A 2015 Fall HFE] was canceled due to the discovery of [http://gcdamp.com/index.php?title=Green_Sunfish_Page green sunfish] in Glen Canyon (1,168,000 mt)&lt;br /&gt;
*Start of Triennial Budget and Workplans&lt;br /&gt;
*Brent Rhees becomes direction of Reclamation's Upper Colorado River Region&lt;br /&gt;
*Scott VanderKooi becomes GCMRC Chief&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==2014==&lt;br /&gt;
*Rainbow trout fishery collapses at Lees Ferry&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://gcdamp.com/index.php?title=GCDAMP-_HFE_2014 Fall HFE]: 37,500 cfs for 96h&lt;br /&gt;
*Galahad Point fire and flood eliminates the humpback chub translocation in Shinumo Creek&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==2013==&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://gcdamp.com/index.php?title=GCDAMP-_HFE_2013 Fall HFE]: 34,100 cfs for 96h&lt;br /&gt;
*Sally Jewell becomes Secretary of the Interior&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==2012==&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://gcdamp.com/index.php/Portal:Desired_Future_Conditions_-DFCs Development of the Desired Future Conditions (DFCs)]&lt;br /&gt;
*Publication of the [https://gcdamp.com/index.php/The_HFE_Page High Flow Experiment Protocol]&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://gcdamp.com/index.php?title=GCDAMP-_HFE_2012 Fall HFE]: 42,300 cfs for 96h (slow downramp)&lt;br /&gt;
*Razorback Sucker found in lower part of Grand Canyon- believed the fish traveled some 50 miles upstream from Lake Mead.  Last one recorded had been caught in 1990. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==2011==&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://gcdamp.com/index.php?title=Near_Shore_Ecology_(NSE)_Study Fall Steady Flow Experiment (2009-2011)]&lt;br /&gt;
*The 2011 Equalization releases from March - December &lt;br /&gt;
*[https://gcdamp.com/index.php/Core_Monitoring_Plan Core Monitoring Plan (draft)]&lt;br /&gt;
*Start of Biennial Budget and Workplans&lt;br /&gt;
*Jack Schmidt becomes GCMRC Chief&lt;br /&gt;
*Dave Uberuaga becomes Superintendent of GCNP&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==2010==&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://gcdamp.com/index.php?title=Near_Shore_Ecology_(NSE)_Study Fall Steady Flow Experiment (2009-2011)]&lt;br /&gt;
*Glen Knowles becomes program manager for the Glen Canyon Dam Adaptive Management Program&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==2009==&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://gcdamp.com/index.php?title=Near_Shore_Ecology_(NSE)_Study Fall Steady Flow Experiment (2009-2011)]&lt;br /&gt;
*Ken Salazar becomes Secretary of the Interior&lt;br /&gt;
*Anne Castle becomes Assistant Secretary for Water and Science&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==2008==&lt;br /&gt;
*USFWS Biological Opinion identifies concerns with constructing a [https://gcdamp.com/index.php/TCD_Learning_Page Temperature Control Device (TCD)] that can only release warm water&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://digitalcommons.usu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1153&amp;amp;context=govdocs Spring HFE], 41,500 cfs for 60 hours&lt;br /&gt;
*Grand Canyon Trust files suit against USBR, USFWS, and others contending operations at Glen Canyon Dam ran counter to their obligations to comply with the ESA, NEPA, and Administrative Policy Act&lt;br /&gt;
*GCDAMP budget was capped&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==2007==&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://www.riversimulator.org/Resources/USBR/LTEP/Randle2007.pdf Appraisal study on sediment augmentation]&lt;br /&gt;
*Pearce Ferry Rapid forms creating a non-navigable barrier for downstream rafting and barrier for upstream fish movement from Lake Mead&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://gcdamp.com/index.php/Interim_Guidelines Beginning of Interim Guidelines for Lower Basin Shortages (2007-2027)]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://gcdamp.com/index.php/Strategic_Science_Plan Strategic Science Plan]&lt;br /&gt;
*Larry Walkoviak becomes direction of Reclamation's Upper Colorado River Region&lt;br /&gt;
*Steve Martin becomes superintendent of GCNP&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==2006==&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://gcdamp.com/index.php/Trout_Reduction_Efforts Trout removals] from the confluence with the Little Colorado River (2003-2006)&lt;br /&gt;
*Draft Long-Term Experimental Plan Environmental Plan (LTEP)&lt;br /&gt;
*Dirk Kempthorne becomes Secretary of the Interior&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
==2005==&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1282/c1282.pdf SCORE Report: The State of the Colorado River Ecosystem in Grand Canyon]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://gcdamp.com/index.php/Trout_Reduction_Efforts Trout removals] from the confluence with the Little Colorado River (2003-2006)&lt;br /&gt;
*Fluctuating trout suppression flows from January through March (2003-2005)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==2004==&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://gcdamp.com/index.php/Trout_Reduction_Efforts Trout removals] from the confluence with the Little Colorado River (2003-2006)&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2011/3012/ 2004 Fall HFE], 41,000 cfs for 60 hours&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://gcdamp.com/index.php/GCDAMP_Budget#:~:text=2004%20GCDAMP%20Goals%20and%20AMWG%20Priority%20Questions GCDAMP Goals and AMWG Priority Questions]&lt;br /&gt;
*Fluctuating trout suppression flows from January through March (2003-2005)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==2003==&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://gcdamp.com/index.php/Trout_Reduction_Efforts Trout removals] from the confluence with the Little Colorado River (2003-2006)&lt;br /&gt;
*Fluctuating trout suppression flows from January through March (2003-2005)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==2002==&lt;br /&gt;
*U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service announces recovery goals for endangered fishes of the Colorado River Basin.&lt;br /&gt;
*Adaptive Management Work Group recommends implementation of the first 2 years of an experimental design proposed by the GCMRC.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==2001==&lt;br /&gt;
*Humpback Chub population in Grand Canyon was in decline in the 1990s, and reached a low of about 5,000 adult fish&lt;br /&gt;
*Draft GCDAMP Strategic Plan for the developed by program managers.&lt;br /&gt;
*Gale Norton becomes Secretary of the Interior&lt;br /&gt;
*GCMRC moves from the office of the Assistant Secretary of the Interior to the US Geological Survey&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==2000==&lt;br /&gt;
*[[The 2000 Low Summer Steady Flow Experiment| The Low Steady Summer Flow Experiment (LSSF)]]&lt;br /&gt;
*Second and third tests of the habitat maintenance flows concept conducted in spring and summer.&lt;br /&gt;
*Rick Gold becomes direction of Reclamation's Upper Colorado River Region&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==1999==&lt;br /&gt;
*AMWG Colorado River trip to develop the Vision Statement for the GCDAMP&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://gcdamp.com/images_gcdamp_com/6/62/Appendix_B_%28Guidance_Document%29_Loveless.doc Glen Canyon Dam Adaptive Management Program AMWG FACA Committee Guidance (The 1999 Loveless Document)]&lt;br /&gt;
*Dennis Kubly becomes program manager for the Glen Canyon Dam Adaptive Management Program&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==1998==&lt;br /&gt;
*GCMRC is moved from USBR to the office of the Assistant Secretary of the Department of the Interior&lt;br /&gt;
*Barry Gold becomes acting GCRMC Chief&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
==1997==&lt;br /&gt;
*AMWG and TWG fully established &lt;br /&gt;
*The AMWG held their first meeting on September 10-11, 1997, and officially formed the Glen Canyon Technical Work Group (TWG) as a subgroup to work on tasks charged to them by the AMWG.&lt;br /&gt;
*The TWG was formed to provide stakeholders with involvement in federal decisions concerning the operation of Glen Canyon Dam and Power Plant.&lt;br /&gt;
*Formation of a GCDAMP Strategic Planning Subcommittee (1997-2000)&lt;br /&gt;
*Reclamation begins a Value Planning Study for a warm-water [https://gcdamp.com/index.php/TCD_Learning_Page Temperature Control Device (TCD)]&lt;br /&gt;
*[[The 1997 Habitat Maintenance Flow (HMF)|1997 Habitat Maintenance Flow (HMF)]]&lt;br /&gt;
*Mary Orton joins AMWG as mediator&lt;br /&gt;
*Bruce Moore becomes program manager for the Glen Canyon Dam Adaptive Management Program&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==1996==&lt;br /&gt;
*Record of Decision on the Operation of Glen Canyon Dam Final Environmental Impact Statement selects Modified Low Fluctuating Flows (MLFF) as the preferred alternative. &lt;br /&gt;
*[[The 1996 Spring HFE| 1996 Beach/Habitat-Building Flow (BHBF)]], 45,000 cfs for 168 hours&lt;br /&gt;
*Dave Garrett becomes first GCMRC Chief&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==1995==&lt;br /&gt;
*Transition Work Group to act as a bridge between GCES and GCDAMP (1995-1996)&lt;br /&gt;
*Establishment of the Grand Canyon Monitoring and Research Center (GCMRC)&lt;br /&gt;
*The Glen Canyon Dam Environmental Impact Statement as required by the Grand Canyon Protection Act is completed. &lt;br /&gt;
*The Grand Canyon National Park General Management Plan&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==1994==&lt;br /&gt;
*Programmatic Agreement on Cultural Resources signed between the State of Arizona, Department of the Interior agencies, and six tribes over protection of cultural resources in the river corridor below Glen Canyon Dam.&lt;br /&gt;
*U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service designates critical habitat for four species of endangered Colorado River fish and completes Biological Opinion outlining reasonable and prudent alternatives that must be evaluated for dam operation.&lt;br /&gt;
*Memorandum of Agreement signed for development of a Lower Colorado River Multi-Species Conservation Plan between state agencies in Nevada, California, and Arizona and federal agencies, including the Bureau of Land Management, Bureau of Reclamation, Fish and Wildlife Service, and the National Park Service.[http://www.sci.sdsu.edu/salton/LowerColoradoRiverMSCP.html MSCP History (SDSU)]&lt;br /&gt;
*Charley Calhoun becomes direction of Reclamation's Upper Colorado River Region&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==1993==&lt;br /&gt;
*Bruce Babbitt becomes Secretary of the Interior&lt;br /&gt;
*Dan Beard becomes USBR Commissioner&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==1992==&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://www.usbr.gov/uc/legal/gcpa1992.html Grand Canyon Protection Act ] &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==1991==&lt;br /&gt;
*Interim operating criteria for Glen Canyon Dam implemented&lt;br /&gt;
*The 1990-91 Experimental Flows&lt;br /&gt;
*Razorback Sucker and Kanab Ambersnail federally listed as endangered&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==1990==&lt;br /&gt;
*Beginning of Interim Operating Criteria&lt;br /&gt;
*The 1990-91 Experimental Flows&lt;br /&gt;
*Formulative discussions on the concept of HFEs begin lead by Duncan Patton&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==1989==&lt;br /&gt;
*Manuel Lujan becomes Secretary of the Interior and orders an environmental impact statement on dam operations.&lt;br /&gt;
*National Research Council sponsors [https://www.nationalacademies.org/publications/1832 symposium] that reviews existing knowledge on Colorado River ecosystem&lt;br /&gt;
*Roland Robison becomes direction of Reclamation's Upper Colorado River Region&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==1988==&lt;br /&gt;
*Salt Lake City Area Integrated Projects(CRSP) passed after a series of public information and comment forums.&lt;br /&gt;
*Glen Canyon Environmental Studies issues [http://archive.library.nau.edu/utils/getfile/collection/cpa/id/61166/filename/61167.pdf ''Glen Canyon Environmental Studies Final Report''], completing Phase I and starting Phase II (1988-1988), which would be accelerated to support environmental impact statement process.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==1987==&lt;br /&gt;
*National Research Council completes review of Glen Canyon Environmental Studies, publishing [http://archive.org/details/riverdammanageme00unse River and Dam Management: a Review of the Bureau of Reclamation's Glen Canyon Environmental Studies]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==1984==&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://www.riversimulator.org/Resources/GCDAMP/GCDAMPchronicle/1983FloodGCDhannon.pdf The 1984 Floods]&lt;br /&gt;
*One of the last Razorback Suckers seen in Grand Canyon is caught and released at Bass Rapids&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==1983==&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://www.riversimulator.org/Resources/GCDAMP/GCDAMPchronicle/1983FloodGCDhannon.pdf The 1983 Floods]&lt;br /&gt;
*Glen Canyon Dam releases more than 92,000 cfs to stop Lake Powell from overtopping Glen Canyon Dam.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==1982==&lt;br /&gt;
*Glen Canyon Environmental Studies - Phase I (1982-1988) created to study effects of Glen Canyon Dam operations&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==1981==&lt;br /&gt;
*Cliff Barrett becomes direction of Reclamation's Upper Colorado River Region&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==1980==&lt;br /&gt;
*Lake Powell reaches full pool (3,700 ft)&lt;br /&gt;
*Bonytail chub listed as endangered&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==1979==&lt;br /&gt;
*Grand Canyon National Park designated a UNESCO World Heritage Site&lt;br /&gt;
*USBR proposes an upgrade of Glen Canyon Dam's generators&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==1978==&lt;br /&gt;
*U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service files jeopardy opinion on the effects of Glen Canyon Dam on endangered fishes&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==1975==&lt;br /&gt;
*Grand Canyon National Park Enlargement Act passed&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==1974==&lt;br /&gt;
*Colorado River Basin Salinity Control Act authorized the construction, operation, and maintenance of works in the Colorado River Basin to control the salinity of Colorado River water available for use in the United States and Mexico. Some GCDAMP stakeholders participate in the Salinity Control Forums created by the act.&lt;br /&gt;
*First Lawsuit filed over Glen Canyon Dam operations by commercial raft operators contending that the disruption of normal flows was interfering with their ability to conduct river trips.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==1973==&lt;br /&gt;
*Endangered Species Act (ESA) of 1973 passed to protect and promote the recovery of animals and plants that are in danger of becoming extinct because of the activities of people. Administered by the US Fish and Wildlife Service.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==1972==&lt;br /&gt;
*Last verified record of [https://gcdamp.com/index.php/Colorado_Pikeminnow Colorado Pikeminnow] caught in Grand Canyon at Havasu Creek&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==1971==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==1970==&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/lc/region/pao/pdfiles/opcriter.pdf Long-range Operating Criteria (LROC)] developed for Glen Canyon Dam operations&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==1969==&lt;br /&gt;
*National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA) of 1969 passed requiring Federal agencies to consider the environmental impacts of their proposed actions and reasonable alternatives to those actions.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==1968==&lt;br /&gt;
*Colorado River Basin Project Act passed&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==1967==&lt;br /&gt;
*Humpback chub and Colorado pikeminnow federally listed as endangered&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==1966==&lt;br /&gt;
*National Historic Preservation Act passed&lt;br /&gt;
*Crystal rapid forms after a large flash flood from Crystal Creek&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==1965==&lt;br /&gt;
*[[The 1965 Reservoir Equalization and Channel Cleaning Floods]]&lt;br /&gt;
*United States contract for delivery of power from the Colorado River Storage Project to customers.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==1964==&lt;br /&gt;
*U.S. Supreme Court decision in Arizona v. California confirmed apportionments of Colorado River water authorized in 1928 Boulder Canyon Project Act, including Nevada's allocation of 0.3 maf per year. The Decree in this case set many of the rules under which the river is operated.  &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==1963==&lt;br /&gt;
*Glen Canyon Dam completed as part of the Colorado River Storage Project.&lt;br /&gt;
*U.S. Supreme Court held in Arizona vs California that, as a result of the Boulder Canyon Project Act, California held an allocation of 4.4 maf, Arizona 2.8 maf, and Nevada 300,000 acre-feet of Colorado River water&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== 1956 ==&lt;br /&gt;
*Colorado River Storage Project Act passed authorizing Glen Canyon Dam&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== 1948 ==&lt;br /&gt;
*Upper Colorado River Basin Compact signed&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== 1944 ==&lt;br /&gt;
*Treaty with Mexico obligating the US to provide 1.5 maf of Colorado River water to Mexico annually&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== 1935 ==&lt;br /&gt;
*Hoover Dam completed &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== 1928 ==&lt;br /&gt;
*Boulder Canyon Project Act passed authorizing Hoover Dam.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== 1922 ==&lt;br /&gt;
*Colorado River Compact signed allocating the Colorado River water between the upper and the lower basins.  Upper basin States have the right to use 7.5 maf/yr only if that quantity is available after meeting delivery requirements of 7.5 maf/yr to the Lower basin plus the amount required to satisfy anticipated claims by Mexico.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== 1921 ==&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://www.parkerliveonline.com/2013/07/24/colorado-river-day-thursday/ Colorado River was officially re-named from the “Grand” to the “Colorado.” ] &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== 1919 ==&lt;br /&gt;
*Grand Canyon National Park created&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== 1916 ==&lt;br /&gt;
*National Park Service Organic Act passed&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== 1902 ==&lt;br /&gt;
*Reclamation Act Creates the Bureau of Reclamation&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== 1869 ==&lt;br /&gt;
*Major John Wesley Powell leads first recorded expedition to traverse Grand Canyon&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://www.azcentral.com/story/travel/local/history/2014/05/27/powells-death-defying-grand-canyon-odyssey/9596303/ Powell's death-defying Grand Canyon odyssey]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==*11,000 BP==&lt;br /&gt;
*Paleo-Indian peoples occupy Grand Canyon region&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Cellsworth</name></author>	</entry>

	<entry>
		<id>http://gcdamp.com/index.php?title=GCDAMP_History_Time-Line_-Years&amp;diff=11285</id>
		<title>GCDAMP History Time-Line -Years</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://gcdamp.com/index.php?title=GCDAMP_History_Time-Line_-Years&amp;diff=11285"/>
				<updated>2026-09-29T18:33:02Z</updated>
		
		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Cellsworth: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
__NOTOC__&lt;br /&gt;
==2027==&lt;br /&gt;
*LTEMP 10-Year Review&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==2026==&lt;br /&gt;
*Start of [https://gcdamp.com/index.php/2027-2028_Operating_Guidelines 2027-2028 Operating Guidelines]&lt;br /&gt;
*Bright Angel creek floods from monsoon rains on the Dragon-Bravo fire scar&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==2025==&lt;br /&gt;
*Razorback suckers stocked into the Little Colorado River (2023-2025)&lt;br /&gt;
*The [https://gcdamp.com/index.php/The_-12_Mile_Slough -12 Mile Slough] gets renovated&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://gcdamp.com/index.php/SEIS_Bypass_Releases SEIS Bypass Releases] (CoolMix) to control smallmouth bass&lt;br /&gt;
*Dragon-Bravo fire burns on the North Rim&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==2024==&lt;br /&gt;
*Razorback suckers stocked into the Little Colorado River (2023-2025)&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://gcdamp.com/index.php/Humpback_Chub_Page Humpback chub] population in Grand Canyon grows to 70,000 adults (40,000–200,000; 95% credible interval) &lt;br /&gt;
*The LTEMP EIS is modified to allow for releases to control smallmouth bass and to modify the sediment accounting windows for HFEs&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://gcdamp.com/index.php/SEIS_Bypass_Releases SEIS Bypass Releases] (CoolMix) to control smallmouth bass&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==2023==&lt;br /&gt;
*Razorback suckers stocked into the Little Colorado River (2023-2025)&lt;br /&gt;
*[[The 2023 Spring HFE| Spring HFE: 39,500 cfs for 72h]] &lt;br /&gt;
*[https://gcdamp.com/index.php/Brown_Trout Brown trout] incentivized harvest at Lees Ferry (2020-2023)&lt;br /&gt;
*Bill Stewart becomes program manager for the Glen Canyon Dam Adaptive Management Program&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==2022==&lt;br /&gt;
*Release temperatures at Glen Canyon Dam reach 20.5C with low reservoir elevations&lt;br /&gt;
*Balancing releases May - September&lt;br /&gt;
*[[A 2022 Fall HFE| A Fall HFE]] was not conducted due to the discovery of [http://gcdamp.com/index.php/Smallmouth_Bass_Page smallmouth bass] in Glen Canyon (1,600,000 mt)&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://gcdamp.com/index.php/The_Bugflow_Experiment Bugflow Experiment]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://gcdamp.com/index.php/Brown_Trout Brown trout] incentivized harvest at Lees Ferry (2020-2023)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==2021==&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://gcdamp.com/index.php?title=Spring_Disturbance_Flow Spring Disturbance Flow]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://gcdamp.com/index.php/Brown_Trout Brown trout] incentivized harvest at Lees Ferry (2020-2023)&lt;br /&gt;
*Andrew Schultz becomes GCMRC Chief&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==2020==&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://gcdamp.com/index.php/The_Bugflow_Experiment Bugflow Experiment]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://gcdamp.com/index.php/Brown_Trout Brown trout] incentivized harvest at Lees Ferry (2020-2023)&lt;br /&gt;
*COVID moves all meetings for the year to remote&lt;br /&gt;
*Ed Keable becomes superintendent of Grand Canyon National Park&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==2019==&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://gcdamp.com/index.php/The_Bugflow_Experiment Bugflow Experiment]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/amwg/2019-08-21-amwg-meeting/20190821-GlenCanyonDamAdaptiveManagementProgramGuidance-508-UCRO.pdf DOI Guidance from Dr. Tim Petty]&lt;br /&gt;
*Lee Traynham becomes program manager for the Glen Canyon Dam Adaptive Management Program&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==2018==&lt;br /&gt;
*[[The 2018 Fall HFE| Fall HFE]]: 38,100 cfs for 60h&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://gcdamp.com/index.php/The_Bugflow_Experiment Bugflow Experiment]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==2017==&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://gcdamp.com/index.php/2017_Knowledge_Assessment 2017 Knowledge Assessment]&lt;br /&gt;
*Ryan Zinke becomes Secretary of the Interior&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==2016==&lt;br /&gt;
*Publication of the [https://gcdamp.com/index.php/Long-term_Experimental_and_Management_Plan_(LTEMP) LTEMP EIS]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2017/1006/ofr20171006.pdf LTEMP Science Plan]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/twg/2016-10-18-twg-meeting/Attach_09b.pdf TWG Protocol Paper]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==2015==&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://gcdamp.com/index.php/Brown_Trout Brown trout] and [https://gcdamp.com/index.php/Green_Sunfish_Page green sunfish] start reproducing in Lees Ferry&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://gcdamp.com/index.php?title=GCDAMP-_HFE_2015 A 2015 Fall HFE] was canceled due to the discovery of [http://gcdamp.com/index.php?title=Green_Sunfish_Page green sunfish] in Glen Canyon (1,168,000 mt)&lt;br /&gt;
*Start of Triennial Budget and Workplans&lt;br /&gt;
*Scott VanderKooi becomes GCMRC Chief&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==2014==&lt;br /&gt;
*Rainbow trout fishery collapses at Lees Ferry&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://gcdamp.com/index.php?title=GCDAMP-_HFE_2014 Fall HFE]: 37,500 cfs for 96h&lt;br /&gt;
*Galahad Point fire and flood eliminates the humpback chub translocation in Shinumo Creek&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==2013==&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://gcdamp.com/index.php?title=GCDAMP-_HFE_2013 Fall HFE]: 34,100 cfs for 96h&lt;br /&gt;
*Sally Jewell becomes Secretary of the Interior&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==2012==&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://gcdamp.com/index.php/Portal:Desired_Future_Conditions_-DFCs Development of the Desired Future Conditions (DFCs)]&lt;br /&gt;
*Publication of the [https://gcdamp.com/index.php/The_HFE_Page High Flow Experiment Protocol]&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://gcdamp.com/index.php?title=GCDAMP-_HFE_2012 Fall HFE]: 42,300 cfs for 96h (slow downramp)&lt;br /&gt;
*Razorback Sucker found in lower part of Grand Canyon- believed the fish traveled some 50 miles upstream from Lake Mead.  Last one recorded had been caught in 1990. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==2011==&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://gcdamp.com/index.php?title=Near_Shore_Ecology_(NSE)_Study Fall Steady Flow Experiment (2009-2011)]&lt;br /&gt;
*The 2011 Equalization releases from March - December &lt;br /&gt;
*[https://gcdamp.com/index.php/Core_Monitoring_Plan Core Monitoring Plan (draft)]&lt;br /&gt;
*Start of Biennial Budget and Workplans&lt;br /&gt;
*Jack Schmidt becomes GCMRC Chief&lt;br /&gt;
*Dave Uberuaga becomes Superintendent of GCNP&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==2010==&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://gcdamp.com/index.php?title=Near_Shore_Ecology_(NSE)_Study Fall Steady Flow Experiment (2009-2011)]&lt;br /&gt;
*Glen Knowles becomes program manager for the Glen Canyon Dam Adaptive Management Program&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==2009==&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://gcdamp.com/index.php?title=Near_Shore_Ecology_(NSE)_Study Fall Steady Flow Experiment (2009-2011)]&lt;br /&gt;
*Ken Salazar becomes Secretary of the Interior&lt;br /&gt;
*Anne Castle becomes Assistant Secretary for Water and Science&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==2008==&lt;br /&gt;
*USFWS Biological Opinion identifies concerns with constructing a [https://gcdamp.com/index.php/TCD_Learning_Page Temperature Control Device (TCD)] that can only release warm water&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://digitalcommons.usu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1153&amp;amp;context=govdocs Spring HFE], 41,500 cfs for 60 hours&lt;br /&gt;
*Grand Canyon Trust files suit against USBR, USFWS, and others contending operations at Glen Canyon Dam ran counter to their obligations to comply with the ESA, NEPA, and Administrative Policy Act&lt;br /&gt;
*GCDAMP budget was capped&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==2007==&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://www.riversimulator.org/Resources/USBR/LTEP/Randle2007.pdf Appraisal study on sediment augmentation]&lt;br /&gt;
*Pearce Ferry Rapid forms creating a non-navigable barrier for downstream rafting and barrier for upstream fish movement from Lake Mead&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://gcdamp.com/index.php/Interim_Guidelines Beginning of Interim Guidelines for Lower Basin Shortages (2007-2027)]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://gcdamp.com/index.php/Strategic_Science_Plan Strategic Science Plan]&lt;br /&gt;
*Steve Martin becomes superintendent of GCNP&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==2006==&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://gcdamp.com/index.php/Trout_Reduction_Efforts Trout removals] from the confluence with the Little Colorado River (2003-2006)&lt;br /&gt;
*Draft Long-Term Experimental Plan Environmental Plan (LTEP)&lt;br /&gt;
*Dirk Kempthorne becomes Secretary of the Interior&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
==2005==&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1282/c1282.pdf SCORE Report: The State of the Colorado River Ecosystem in Grand Canyon]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://gcdamp.com/index.php/Trout_Reduction_Efforts Trout removals] from the confluence with the Little Colorado River (2003-2006)&lt;br /&gt;
*Fluctuating trout suppression flows from January through March (2003-2005)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==2004==&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://gcdamp.com/index.php/Trout_Reduction_Efforts Trout removals] from the confluence with the Little Colorado River (2003-2006)&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2011/3012/ 2004 Fall HFE], 41,000 cfs for 60 hours&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://gcdamp.com/index.php/GCDAMP_Budget#:~:text=2004%20GCDAMP%20Goals%20and%20AMWG%20Priority%20Questions GCDAMP Goals and AMWG Priority Questions]&lt;br /&gt;
*Fluctuating trout suppression flows from January through March (2003-2005)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==2003==&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://gcdamp.com/index.php/Trout_Reduction_Efforts Trout removals] from the confluence with the Little Colorado River (2003-2006)&lt;br /&gt;
*Fluctuating trout suppression flows from January through March (2003-2005)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==2002==&lt;br /&gt;
*U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service announces recovery goals for endangered fishes of the Colorado River Basin.&lt;br /&gt;
*Adaptive Management Work Group recommends implementation of the first 2 years of an experimental design proposed by the GCMRC.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==2001==&lt;br /&gt;
*Humpback Chub population in Grand Canyon was in decline in the 1990s, and reached a low of about 5,000 adult fish&lt;br /&gt;
*Draft GCDAMP Strategic Plan for the developed by program managers.&lt;br /&gt;
*Gale Norton becomes Secretary of the Interior&lt;br /&gt;
*GCMRC moves from the office of the Assistant Secretary of the Interior to the US Geological Survey&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==2000==&lt;br /&gt;
*[[The 2000 Low Summer Steady Flow Experiment| The Low Steady Summer Flow Experiment (LSSF)]]&lt;br /&gt;
*Second and third tests of the habitat maintenance flows concept conducted in spring and summer.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==1999==&lt;br /&gt;
*AMWG Colorado River trip to develop the Vision Statement for the GCDAMP&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://gcdamp.com/images_gcdamp_com/6/62/Appendix_B_%28Guidance_Document%29_Loveless.doc Glen Canyon Dam Adaptive Management Program AMWG FACA Committee Guidance (The 1999 Loveless Document)]&lt;br /&gt;
*Dennis Kubly becomes program manager for the Glen Canyon Dam Adaptive Management Program&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==1998==&lt;br /&gt;
*GCMRC is moved from USBR to the office of the Assistant Secretary of the Department of the Interior&lt;br /&gt;
*Barry Gold becomes acting GCRMC Chief&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
==1997==&lt;br /&gt;
*AMWG and TWG fully established &lt;br /&gt;
*The AMWG held their first meeting on September 10-11, 1997, and officially formed the Glen Canyon Technical Work Group (TWG) as a subgroup to work on tasks charged to them by the AMWG.&lt;br /&gt;
*The TWG was formed to provide stakeholders with involvement in federal decisions concerning the operation of Glen Canyon Dam and Power Plant.&lt;br /&gt;
*Formation of a GCDAMP Strategic Planning Subcommittee (1997-2000)&lt;br /&gt;
*Reclamation begins a Value Planning Study for a warm-water [https://gcdamp.com/index.php/TCD_Learning_Page Temperature Control Device (TCD)]&lt;br /&gt;
*[[The 1997 Habitat Maintenance Flow (HMF)|1997 Habitat Maintenance Flow (HMF)]]&lt;br /&gt;
*Mary Orton joins AMWG as mediator&lt;br /&gt;
*Bruce Moore becomes program manager for the Glen Canyon Dam Adaptive Management Program&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==1996==&lt;br /&gt;
*Record of Decision on the Operation of Glen Canyon Dam Final Environmental Impact Statement selects Modified Low Fluctuating Flows (MLFF) as the preferred alternative. &lt;br /&gt;
*[[The 1996 Spring HFE| 1996 Beach/Habitat-Building Flow (BHBF)]], 45,000 cfs for 168 hours&lt;br /&gt;
*Dave Garrett becomes first GCMRC Chief&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==1995==&lt;br /&gt;
*Transition Work Group to act as a bridge between GCES and GCDAMP (1995-1996)&lt;br /&gt;
*Establishment of the Grand Canyon Monitoring and Research Center (GCMRC)&lt;br /&gt;
*The Glen Canyon Dam Environmental Impact Statement as required by the Grand Canyon Protection Act is completed. &lt;br /&gt;
*The Grand Canyon National Park General Management Plan&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==1994==&lt;br /&gt;
*Programmatic Agreement on Cultural Resources signed between the State of Arizona, Department of the Interior agencies, and six tribes over protection of cultural resources in the river corridor below Glen Canyon Dam.&lt;br /&gt;
*U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service designates critical habitat for four species of endangered Colorado River fish and completes Biological Opinion outlining reasonable and prudent alternatives that must be evaluated for dam operation.&lt;br /&gt;
*Memorandum of Agreement signed for development of a Lower Colorado River Multi-Species Conservation Plan between state agencies in Nevada, California, and Arizona and federal agencies, including the Bureau of Land Management, Bureau of Reclamation, Fish and Wildlife Service, and the National Park Service.[http://www.sci.sdsu.edu/salton/LowerColoradoRiverMSCP.html MSCP History (SDSU)]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==1993==&lt;br /&gt;
*Bruce Babbitt becomes Secretary of the Interior&lt;br /&gt;
*Dan Beard becomes USBR Commissioner&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==1992==&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://www.usbr.gov/uc/legal/gcpa1992.html Grand Canyon Protection Act ] &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==1991==&lt;br /&gt;
*Interim operating criteria for Glen Canyon Dam implemented&lt;br /&gt;
*The 1990-91 Experimental Flows&lt;br /&gt;
*Razorback Sucker and Kanab Ambersnail federally listed as endangered&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==1990==&lt;br /&gt;
*Beginning of Interim Operating Criteria&lt;br /&gt;
*The 1990-91 Experimental Flows&lt;br /&gt;
*Formulative discussions on the concept of HFEs begin lead by Duncan Patton&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==1989==&lt;br /&gt;
*Manuel Lujan becomes Secretary of the Interior and orders an environmental impact statement on dam operations.&lt;br /&gt;
*National Research Council sponsors [https://www.nationalacademies.org/publications/1832 symposium] that reviews existing knowledge on Colorado River ecosystem&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==1988==&lt;br /&gt;
*Salt Lake City Area Integrated Projects(CRSP) passed after a series of public information and comment forums.&lt;br /&gt;
*Glen Canyon Environmental Studies issues [http://archive.library.nau.edu/utils/getfile/collection/cpa/id/61166/filename/61167.pdf ''Glen Canyon Environmental Studies Final Report''], completing Phase I and starting Phase II (1988-1988), which would be accelerated to support environmental impact statement process.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==1987==&lt;br /&gt;
*National Research Council completes review of Glen Canyon Environmental Studies, publishing [http://archive.org/details/riverdammanageme00unse River and Dam Management: a Review of the Bureau of Reclamation's Glen Canyon Environmental Studies]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==1986==&lt;br /&gt;
  &lt;br /&gt;
==1985==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==1984==&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://www.riversimulator.org/Resources/GCDAMP/GCDAMPchronicle/1983FloodGCDhannon.pdf The 1984 Floods]&lt;br /&gt;
*One of the last Razorback Suckers seen in Grand Canyon is caught and released at Bass Rapids&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==1983==&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://www.riversimulator.org/Resources/GCDAMP/GCDAMPchronicle/1983FloodGCDhannon.pdf The 1983 Floods]&lt;br /&gt;
*Glen Canyon Dam releases more than 92,000 cfs to stop Lake Powell from overtopping Glen Canyon Dam.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==1982==&lt;br /&gt;
*Glen Canyon Environmental Studies - Phase I (1982-1988) created to study effects of Glen Canyon Dam operations&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==1980==&lt;br /&gt;
*Lake Powell reaches full pool (3,700 ft)&lt;br /&gt;
*Bonytail chub listed as endangered&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==1979==&lt;br /&gt;
*Grand Canyon National Park designated a UNESCO World Heritage Site&lt;br /&gt;
*USBR proposes an upgrade of Glen Canyon Dam's generators&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==1978==&lt;br /&gt;
*U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service files jeopardy opinion on the effects of Glen Canyon Dam on endangered fishes&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==1975==&lt;br /&gt;
*Grand Canyon National Park Enlargement Act passed&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==1974==&lt;br /&gt;
*Colorado River Basin Salinity Control Act authorized the construction, operation, and maintenance of works in the Colorado River Basin to control the salinity of Colorado River water available for use in the United States and Mexico. Some GCDAMP stakeholders participate in the Salinity Control Forums created by the act.&lt;br /&gt;
*First Lawsuit filed over Glen Canyon Dam operations by commercial raft operators contending that the disruption of normal flows was interfering with their ability to conduct river trips.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==1973==&lt;br /&gt;
*Endangered Species Act (ESA) of 1973 passed to protect and promote the recovery of animals and plants that are in danger of becoming extinct because of the activities of people. Administered by the US Fish and Wildlife Service.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==1972==&lt;br /&gt;
*Last verified record of [https://gcdamp.com/index.php/Colorado_Pikeminnow Colorado Pikeminnow] caught in Grand Canyon at Havasu Creek&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==1971==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==1970==&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/lc/region/pao/pdfiles/opcriter.pdf Long-range Operating Criteria (LROC)] developed for Glen Canyon Dam operations&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==1969==&lt;br /&gt;
*National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA) of 1969 passed requiring Federal agencies to consider the environmental impacts of their proposed actions and reasonable alternatives to those actions.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==1968==&lt;br /&gt;
*Colorado River Basin Project Act passed&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==1967==&lt;br /&gt;
*Humpback chub and Colorado pikeminnow federally listed as endangered&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==1966==&lt;br /&gt;
*National Historic Preservation Act passed&lt;br /&gt;
*Crystal rapid forms after a large flash flood from Crystal Creek&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==1965==&lt;br /&gt;
*[[The 1965 Reservoir Equalization and Channel Cleaning Floods]]&lt;br /&gt;
*United States contract for delivery of power from the Colorado River Storage Project to customers.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==1964==&lt;br /&gt;
*U.S. Supreme Court decision in Arizona v. California confirmed apportionments of Colorado River water authorized in 1928 Boulder Canyon Project Act, including Nevada's allocation of 0.3 maf per year. The Decree in this case set many of the rules under which the river is operated.  &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==1963==&lt;br /&gt;
*Glen Canyon Dam completed as part of the Colorado River Storage Project.&lt;br /&gt;
*U.S. Supreme Court held in Arizona vs California that, as a result of the Boulder Canyon Project Act, California held an allocation of 4.4 maf, Arizona 2.8 maf, and Nevada 300,000 acre-feet of Colorado River water&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== 1956 ==&lt;br /&gt;
*Colorado River Storage Project Act passed authorizing Glen Canyon Dam&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== 1948 ==&lt;br /&gt;
*Upper Colorado River Basin Compact signed&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== 1944 ==&lt;br /&gt;
*Treaty with Mexico obligating the US to provide 1.5 maf of Colorado River water to Mexico annually&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== 1935 ==&lt;br /&gt;
*Hoover Dam completed &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== 1928 ==&lt;br /&gt;
*Boulder Canyon Project Act passed authorizing Hoover Dam.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== 1922 ==&lt;br /&gt;
*Colorado River Compact signed allocating the Colorado River water between the upper and the lower basins.  Upper basin States have the right to use 7.5 maf/yr only if that quantity is available after meeting delivery requirements of 7.5 maf/yr to the Lower basin plus the amount required to satisfy anticipated claims by Mexico.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== 1921 ==&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://www.parkerliveonline.com/2013/07/24/colorado-river-day-thursday/ Colorado River was officially re-named from the “Grand” to the “Colorado.” ] &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== 1919 ==&lt;br /&gt;
*Grand Canyon National Park created&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== 1916 ==&lt;br /&gt;
*National Park Service Organic Act passed&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== 1902 ==&lt;br /&gt;
*Reclamation Act Creates the Bureau of Reclamation&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== 1869 ==&lt;br /&gt;
*Major John Wesley Powell leads first recorded expedition to traverse Grand Canyon&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://www.azcentral.com/story/travel/local/history/2014/05/27/powells-death-defying-grand-canyon-odyssey/9596303/ Powell's death-defying Grand Canyon odyssey]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==*11,000 BP==&lt;br /&gt;
*Paleo-Indian peoples occupy Grand Canyon region&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Cellsworth</name></author>	</entry>

	<entry>
		<id>http://gcdamp.com/index.php?title=GCDAMP_History_Time-Line_-Years&amp;diff=11284</id>
		<title>GCDAMP History Time-Line -Years</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://gcdamp.com/index.php?title=GCDAMP_History_Time-Line_-Years&amp;diff=11284"/>
				<updated>2026-09-29T17:59:00Z</updated>
		
		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Cellsworth: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
__NOTOC__&lt;br /&gt;
==2027==&lt;br /&gt;
*LTEMP 10-Year Review&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==2026==&lt;br /&gt;
*Start of [https://gcdamp.com/index.php/2027-2028_Operating_Guidelines 2027-2028 Operating Guidelines]&lt;br /&gt;
*Bright Angel creek floods from monsoon rains on the Dragon-Bravo fire scar&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==2025==&lt;br /&gt;
*Razorback suckers stocked into the Little Colorado River (2023-2025)&lt;br /&gt;
*The [https://gcdamp.com/index.php/The_-12_Mile_Slough -12 Mile Slough] gets renovated&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://gcdamp.com/index.php/SEIS_Bypass_Releases SEIS Bypass Releases] (CoolMix) to control smallmouth bass&lt;br /&gt;
*Dragon-Bravo fire burns on the North Rim&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==2024==&lt;br /&gt;
*Razorback suckers stocked into the Little Colorado River (2023-2025)&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://gcdamp.com/index.php/Humpback_Chub_Page Humpback chub] population in Grand Canyon grows to 70,000 adults (40,000–200,000; 95% credible interval) &lt;br /&gt;
*The LTEMP EIS is modified to allow for releases to control smallmouth bass and to modify the sediment accounting windows for HFEs&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://gcdamp.com/index.php/SEIS_Bypass_Releases SEIS Bypass Releases] (CoolMix) to control smallmouth bass&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==2023==&lt;br /&gt;
*Razorback suckers stocked into the Little Colorado River (2023-2025)&lt;br /&gt;
*[[The 2023 Spring HFE| Spring HFE: 39,500 cfs for 72h]] &lt;br /&gt;
*[https://gcdamp.com/index.php/Brown_Trout Brown trout] incentivized harvest at Lees Ferry (2020-2023)&lt;br /&gt;
*Bill Stewart becomes program manager for the Glen Canyon Dam Adaptive Management Program&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==2022==&lt;br /&gt;
*Release temperatures at Glen Canyon Dam reach 20.5C with low reservoir elevations&lt;br /&gt;
*Balancing releases May - September&lt;br /&gt;
*[[A 2022 Fall HFE| A Fall HFE]] was not conducted due to the discovery of [http://gcdamp.com/index.php/Smallmouth_Bass_Page smallmouth bass] in Glen Canyon (1,600,000 mt)&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://gcdamp.com/index.php/The_Bugflow_Experiment Bugflow Experiment]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://gcdamp.com/index.php/Brown_Trout Brown trout] incentivized harvest at Lees Ferry (2020-2023)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==2021==&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://gcdamp.com/index.php?title=Spring_Disturbance_Flow Spring Disturbance Flow]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://gcdamp.com/index.php/Brown_Trout Brown trout] incentivized harvest at Lees Ferry (2020-2023)&lt;br /&gt;
*Andrew Schultz becomes GCMRC Chief&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==2020==&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://gcdamp.com/index.php/The_Bugflow_Experiment Bugflow Experiment]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://gcdamp.com/index.php/Brown_Trout Brown trout] incentivized harvest at Lees Ferry (2020-2023)&lt;br /&gt;
*COVID moves all meetings for the year to remote&lt;br /&gt;
*Ed Keable becomes superintendent of Grand Canyon National Park&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==2019==&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://gcdamp.com/index.php/The_Bugflow_Experiment Bugflow Experiment]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/amwg/2019-08-21-amwg-meeting/20190821-GlenCanyonDamAdaptiveManagementProgramGuidance-508-UCRO.pdf DOI Guidance from Dr. Tim Petty]&lt;br /&gt;
*Lee Traynham becomes program manager for the Glen Canyon Dam Adaptive Management Program&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==2018==&lt;br /&gt;
*[[The 2018 Fall HFE| Fall HFE]]: 38,100 cfs for 60h&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://gcdamp.com/index.php/The_Bugflow_Experiment Bugflow Experiment]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==2017==&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://gcdamp.com/index.php/2017_Knowledge_Assessment 2017 Knowledge Assessment]&lt;br /&gt;
*Ryan Zinke becomes Secretary of the Interior&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==2016==&lt;br /&gt;
*Publication of the [https://gcdamp.com/index.php/Long-term_Experimental_and_Management_Plan_(LTEMP) LTEMP EIS]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2017/1006/ofr20171006.pdf LTEMP Science Plan]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/twg/2016-10-18-twg-meeting/Attach_09b.pdf TWG Protocol Paper]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==2015==&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://gcdamp.com/index.php/Brown_Trout Brown trout] and [https://gcdamp.com/index.php/Green_Sunfish_Page green sunfish] start reproducing in Lees Ferry&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://gcdamp.com/index.php?title=GCDAMP-_HFE_2015 A 2015 Fall HFE] was canceled due to the discovery of [http://gcdamp.com/index.php?title=Green_Sunfish_Page green sunfish] in Glen Canyon (1,168,000 mt)&lt;br /&gt;
*Start of Triennial Budget and Workplans&lt;br /&gt;
*Scott VanderKooi becomes GCMRC Chief&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==2014==&lt;br /&gt;
*Rainbow trout fishery collapses at Lees Ferry&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://gcdamp.com/index.php?title=GCDAMP-_HFE_2014 Fall HFE]: 37,500 cfs for 96h&lt;br /&gt;
*Galahad Point fire and flood eliminates the humpback chub translocation in Shinumo Creek&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==2013==&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://gcdamp.com/index.php?title=GCDAMP-_HFE_2013 Fall HFE]: 34,100 cfs for 96h&lt;br /&gt;
*Sally Jewell becomes Secretary of the Interior&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==2012==&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://gcdamp.com/index.php/Portal:Desired_Future_Conditions_-DFCs Development of the Desired Future Conditions (DFCs)]&lt;br /&gt;
*Publication of the [https://gcdamp.com/index.php/The_HFE_Page High Flow Experiment Protocol]&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://gcdamp.com/index.php?title=GCDAMP-_HFE_2012 Fall HFE]: 42,300 cfs for 96h (slow downramp)&lt;br /&gt;
*Razorback Sucker found in lower part of Grand Canyon- believed the fish traveled some 50 miles upstream from Lake Mead.  Last one recorded had been caught in 1990. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==2011==&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://gcdamp.com/index.php?title=Near_Shore_Ecology_(NSE)_Study Fall Steady Flow Experiment (2009-2011)]&lt;br /&gt;
*The 2011 Equalization releases from March - December &lt;br /&gt;
*[https://gcdamp.com/index.php/Core_Monitoring_Plan Core Monitoring Plan (draft)]&lt;br /&gt;
*Start of Biennial Budget and Workplans&lt;br /&gt;
*Jack Schmidt becomes GCMRC Chief&lt;br /&gt;
*Dave Uberuaga becomes Superintendent of GCNP&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==2010==&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://gcdamp.com/index.php?title=Near_Shore_Ecology_(NSE)_Study Fall Steady Flow Experiment (2009-2011)]&lt;br /&gt;
*Glen Knowles becomes program manager for the Glen Canyon Dam Adaptive Management Program&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==2009==&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://gcdamp.com/index.php?title=Near_Shore_Ecology_(NSE)_Study Fall Steady Flow Experiment (2009-2011)]&lt;br /&gt;
*Ken Salazar becomes Secretary of the Interior&lt;br /&gt;
*Anne Castle becomes Assistant Secretary for Water and Science&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==2008==&lt;br /&gt;
*USFWS Biological Opinion identifies concerns with constructing a [https://gcdamp.com/index.php/TCD_Learning_Page Temperature Control Device (TCD)] that can only release warm water&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://digitalcommons.usu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1153&amp;amp;context=govdocs Spring HFE]&lt;br /&gt;
*Grand Canyon Trust files suit against USBR, USFWS, and others contending operations at Glen Canyon Dam ran counter to their obligations to comply with the ESA, NEPA, and Administrative Policy Act&lt;br /&gt;
*GCDAMP budget was capped&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==2007==&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://www.riversimulator.org/Resources/USBR/LTEP/Randle2007.pdf Appraisal study on sediment augmentation]&lt;br /&gt;
*Pearce Ferry Rapid forms creating a non-navigable barrier for downstream rafting and barrier for upstream fish movement from Lake Mead&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://gcdamp.com/index.php/Interim_Guidelines Beginning of Interim Guidelines for Lower Basin Shortages (2007-2027)]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://gcdamp.com/index.php/Strategic_Science_Plan Strategic Science Plan]&lt;br /&gt;
*Steve Martin becomes superintendent of GCNP&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==2006==&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://gcdamp.com/index.php/Trout_Reduction_Efforts Trout removals] from the confluence with the Little Colorado River (2003-2006)&lt;br /&gt;
*Draft Long-Term Experimental Plan Environmental Plan (LTEP)&lt;br /&gt;
*Dirk Kempthorne becomes Secretary of the Interior&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
==2005==&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1282/c1282.pdf SCORE Report: The State of the Colorado River Ecosystem in Grand Canyon]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://gcdamp.com/index.php/Trout_Reduction_Efforts Trout removals] from the confluence with the Little Colorado River (2003-2006)&lt;br /&gt;
*Fluctuating trout suppression flows from January through March (2003-2005)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==2004==&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://gcdamp.com/index.php/Trout_Reduction_Efforts Trout removals] from the confluence with the Little Colorado River (2003-2006)&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2011/3012/ 2004 Fall HFE]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://gcdamp.com/index.php/GCDAMP_Budget#:~:text=2004%20GCDAMP%20Goals%20and%20AMWG%20Priority%20Questions GCDAMP Goals and AMWG Priority Questions]&lt;br /&gt;
*Fluctuating trout suppression flows from January through March (2003-2005)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==2003==&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://gcdamp.com/index.php/Trout_Reduction_Efforts Trout removals] from the confluence with the Little Colorado River (2003-2006)&lt;br /&gt;
*Fluctuating trout suppression flows from January through March (2003-2005)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==2002==&lt;br /&gt;
*U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service announces recovery goals for endangered fishes of the Colorado River Basin.&lt;br /&gt;
*Adaptive Management Work Group recommends implementation of the first 2 years of an experimental design proposed by the GCMRC.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==2001==&lt;br /&gt;
*Humpback Chub population in Grand Canyon was in decline in the 1990s, and reached a low of about 5,000 adult fish&lt;br /&gt;
*Draft GCDAMP Strategic Plan for the developed by program managers.&lt;br /&gt;
*Gale Norton becomes Secretary of the Interior&lt;br /&gt;
*GCMRC moves from the office of the Assistant Secretary of the Interior to the US Geological Survey&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==2000==&lt;br /&gt;
*[[The 2000 Low Summer Steady Flow Experiment| The Low Steady Summer Flow Experiment (LSSF)]]&lt;br /&gt;
*Second and third tests of the habitat maintenance flows concept conducted in spring and summer.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==1999==&lt;br /&gt;
*AMWG Colorado River trip to develop the Vision Statement for the GCDAMP&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://gcdamp.com/images_gcdamp_com/6/62/Appendix_B_%28Guidance_Document%29_Loveless.doc Glen Canyon Dam Adaptive Management Program AMWG FACA Committee Guidance (The 1999 Loveless Document)]&lt;br /&gt;
*Dennis Kubly becomes program manager for the Glen Canyon Dam Adaptive Management Program&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==1998==&lt;br /&gt;
*GCMRC is moved from USBR to the office of the Assistant Secretary of the Department of the Interior&lt;br /&gt;
*Barry Gold becomes acting GCRMC Chief&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
==1997==&lt;br /&gt;
*AMWG and TWG fully established &lt;br /&gt;
*The AMWG held their first meeting on September 10-11, 1997, and officially formed the Glen Canyon Technical Work Group (TWG) as a subgroup to work on tasks charged to them by the AMWG.&lt;br /&gt;
*The TWG was formed to provide stakeholders with involvement in federal decisions concerning the operation of Glen Canyon Dam and Power Plant.&lt;br /&gt;
*Formation of a GCDAMP Strategic Planning Subcommittee (1997-2000)&lt;br /&gt;
*Reclamation begins a Value Planning Study for a warm-water [https://gcdamp.com/index.php/TCD_Learning_Page Temperature Control Device (TCD)]&lt;br /&gt;
*[[The 1997 Habitat Maintenance Flow (HMF)|1997 Habitat Maintenance Flow (HMF)]]&lt;br /&gt;
*Mary Orton joins AMWG as mediator&lt;br /&gt;
*Bruce Moore becomes program manager for the Glen Canyon Dam Adaptive Management Program&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==1996==&lt;br /&gt;
*Record of Decision on the Operation of Glen Canyon Dam Final Environmental Impact Statement selects Modified Low Fluctuating Flows (MLFF) as the preferred alternative. &lt;br /&gt;
*[[The 1996 Spring HFE| 1996 Beach/Habitat-Building Flow (BHBF)]]&lt;br /&gt;
*Dave Garrett becomes first GCMRC Chief&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==1995==&lt;br /&gt;
*Transition Work Group to act as a bridge between GCES and GCDAMP (1995-1996)&lt;br /&gt;
*Establishment of the Grand Canyon Monitoring and Research Center (GCMRC)&lt;br /&gt;
*The Glen Canyon Dam Environmental Impact Statement as required by the Grand Canyon Protection Act is completed. &lt;br /&gt;
*The Grand Canyon National Park General Management Plan&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==1994==&lt;br /&gt;
*Programmatic Agreement on Cultural Resources signed between the State of Arizona, Department of the Interior agencies, and six tribes over protection of cultural resources in the river corridor below Glen Canyon Dam.&lt;br /&gt;
*U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service designates critical habitat for four species of endangered Colorado River fish and completes Biological Opinion outlining reasonable and prudent alternatives that must be evaluated for dam operation.&lt;br /&gt;
*Memorandum of Agreement signed for development of a Lower Colorado River Multi-Species Conservation Plan between state agencies in Nevada, California, and Arizona and federal agencies, including the Bureau of Land Management, Bureau of Reclamation, Fish and Wildlife Service, and the National Park Service.[http://www.sci.sdsu.edu/salton/LowerColoradoRiverMSCP.html MSCP History (SDSU)]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==1993==&lt;br /&gt;
*Bruce Babbitt becomes Secretary of the Interior&lt;br /&gt;
*Dan Beard becomes USBR Commissioner&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==1992==&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://www.usbr.gov/uc/legal/gcpa1992.html Grand Canyon Protection Act ] &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==1991==&lt;br /&gt;
*Interim operating criteria for Glen Canyon Dam implemented&lt;br /&gt;
*The 1990-91 Experimental Flows&lt;br /&gt;
*Razorback Sucker and Kanab Ambersnail federally listed as endangered&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==1990==&lt;br /&gt;
*Beginning of Interim Operating Criteria&lt;br /&gt;
*The 1990-91 Experimental Flows&lt;br /&gt;
*Formulative discussions on the concept of HFEs begin lead by Duncan Patton&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==1989==&lt;br /&gt;
*Manuel Lujan becomes Secretary of the Interior and orders an environmental impact statement on dam operations.&lt;br /&gt;
*National Research Council sponsors [https://www.nationalacademies.org/publications/1832 symposium] that reviews existing knowledge on Colorado River ecosystem&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==1988==&lt;br /&gt;
*Salt Lake City Area Integrated Projects(CRSP) passed after a series of public information and comment forums.&lt;br /&gt;
*Glen Canyon Environmental Studies issues [http://archive.library.nau.edu/utils/getfile/collection/cpa/id/61166/filename/61167.pdf ''Glen Canyon Environmental Studies Final Report''], completing Phase I and starting Phase II (1988-1988), which would be accelerated to support environmental impact statement process.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==1987==&lt;br /&gt;
*National Research Council completes review of Glen Canyon Environmental Studies, publishing [http://archive.org/details/riverdammanageme00unse River and Dam Management: a Review of the Bureau of Reclamation's Glen Canyon Environmental Studies]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==1986==&lt;br /&gt;
  &lt;br /&gt;
==1985==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==1984==&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://www.riversimulator.org/Resources/GCDAMP/GCDAMPchronicle/1983FloodGCDhannon.pdf The 1984 Floods]&lt;br /&gt;
*One of the last Razorback Suckers seen in Grand Canyon is caught and released at Bass Rapids&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==1983==&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://www.riversimulator.org/Resources/GCDAMP/GCDAMPchronicle/1983FloodGCDhannon.pdf The 1983 Floods]&lt;br /&gt;
*Glen Canyon Dam releases more than 92,000 cfs to stop Lake Powell from overtopping Glen Canyon Dam.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==1982==&lt;br /&gt;
*Glen Canyon Environmental Studies - Phase I (1982-1988) created to study effects of Glen Canyon Dam operations&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==1980==&lt;br /&gt;
*Lake Powell reaches full pool (3,700 ft)&lt;br /&gt;
*Bonytail chub listed as endangered&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==1979==&lt;br /&gt;
*Grand Canyon National Park designated a UNESCO World Heritage Site&lt;br /&gt;
*USBR proposes an upgrade of Glen Canyon Dam's generators&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==1978==&lt;br /&gt;
*U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service files jeopardy opinion on the effects of Glen Canyon Dam on endangered fishes&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==1975==&lt;br /&gt;
*Grand Canyon National Park Enlargement Act passed&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==1974==&lt;br /&gt;
*Colorado River Basin Salinity Control Act authorized the construction, operation, and maintenance of works in the Colorado River Basin to control the salinity of Colorado River water available for use in the United States and Mexico. Some GCDAMP stakeholders participate in the Salinity Control Forums created by the act.&lt;br /&gt;
*First Lawsuit filed over Glen Canyon Dam operations by commercial raft operators contending that the disruption of normal flows was interfering with their ability to conduct river trips.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==1973==&lt;br /&gt;
*Endangered Species Act (ESA) of 1973 passed to protect and promote the recovery of animals and plants that are in danger of becoming extinct because of the activities of people. Administered by the US Fish and Wildlife Service.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==1972==&lt;br /&gt;
*Last verified record of [https://gcdamp.com/index.php/Colorado_Pikeminnow Colorado Pikeminnow] caught in Grand Canyon at Havasu Creek&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==1971==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==1970==&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/lc/region/pao/pdfiles/opcriter.pdf Long-range Operating Criteria (LROC)] developed for Glen Canyon Dam operations&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==1969==&lt;br /&gt;
*National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA) of 1969 passed requiring Federal agencies to consider the environmental impacts of their proposed actions and reasonable alternatives to those actions.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==1968==&lt;br /&gt;
*Colorado River Basin Project Act passed&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==1967==&lt;br /&gt;
*Humpback chub and Colorado pikeminnow federally listed as endangered&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==1966==&lt;br /&gt;
*National Historic Preservation Act passed&lt;br /&gt;
*Crystal rapid forms after a large flash flood from Crystal Creek&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==1965==&lt;br /&gt;
*[[The 1965 Reservoir Equalization and Channel Cleaning Floods]]&lt;br /&gt;
*United States contract for delivery of power from the Colorado River Storage Project to customers.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==1964==&lt;br /&gt;
*U.S. Supreme Court decision in Arizona v. California confirmed apportionments of Colorado River water authorized in 1928 Boulder Canyon Project Act, including Nevada's allocation of 0.3 maf per year. The Decree in this case set many of the rules under which the river is operated.  &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==1963==&lt;br /&gt;
*Glen Canyon Dam completed as part of the Colorado River Storage Project.&lt;br /&gt;
*U.S. Supreme Court held in Arizona vs California that, as a result of the Boulder Canyon Project Act, California held an allocation of 4.4 maf, Arizona 2.8 maf, and Nevada 300,000 acre-feet of Colorado River water&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== 1956 ==&lt;br /&gt;
*Colorado River Storage Project Act passed authorizing Glen Canyon Dam&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== 1948 ==&lt;br /&gt;
*Upper Colorado River Basin Compact signed&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== 1944 ==&lt;br /&gt;
*Treaty with Mexico obligating the US to provide 1.5 maf of Colorado River water to Mexico annually&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== 1935 ==&lt;br /&gt;
*Hoover Dam completed &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== 1928 ==&lt;br /&gt;
*Boulder Canyon Project Act passed authorizing Hoover Dam.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== 1922 ==&lt;br /&gt;
*Colorado River Compact signed allocating the Colorado River water between the upper and the lower basins.  Upper basin States have the right to use 7.5 maf/yr only if that quantity is available after meeting delivery requirements of 7.5 maf/yr to the Lower basin plus the amount required to satisfy anticipated claims by Mexico.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== 1921 ==&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://www.parkerliveonline.com/2013/07/24/colorado-river-day-thursday/ Colorado River was officially re-named from the “Grand” to the “Colorado.” ] &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== 1919 ==&lt;br /&gt;
*Grand Canyon National Park created&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== 1916 ==&lt;br /&gt;
*National Park Service Organic Act passed&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== 1902 ==&lt;br /&gt;
*Reclamation Act Creates the Bureau of Reclamation&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== 1869 ==&lt;br /&gt;
*Major John Wesley Powell leads first recorded expedition to traverse Grand Canyon&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://www.azcentral.com/story/travel/local/history/2014/05/27/powells-death-defying-grand-canyon-odyssey/9596303/ Powell's death-defying Grand Canyon odyssey]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==*11,000 BP==&lt;br /&gt;
*Paleo-Indian peoples occupy Grand Canyon region&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Cellsworth</name></author>	</entry>

	<entry>
		<id>http://gcdamp.com/index.php?title=GCDAMP_History_Time-Line_-Years&amp;diff=11283</id>
		<title>GCDAMP History Time-Line -Years</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://gcdamp.com/index.php?title=GCDAMP_History_Time-Line_-Years&amp;diff=11283"/>
				<updated>2026-09-29T17:38:17Z</updated>
		
		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Cellsworth: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
__NOTOC__&lt;br /&gt;
==2027==&lt;br /&gt;
*LTEMP 10-Year Review&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==2026==&lt;br /&gt;
*Start of [https://gcdamp.com/index.php/2027-2028_Operating_Guidelines 2027-2028 Operating Guidelines]&lt;br /&gt;
*Bright Angel creek floods from monsoon rains on the Dragon-Bravo fire scar&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==2025==&lt;br /&gt;
*The [https://gcdamp.com/index.php/The_-12_Mile_Slough -12 Mile Slough] gets renovated&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://gcdamp.com/index.php/SEIS_Bypass_Releases SEIS Bypass Releases] (CoolMix) to control smallmouth bass&lt;br /&gt;
*Dragon-Bravo fire burns on the North Rim&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==2024==&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://gcdamp.com/index.php/Humpback_Chub_Page Humpback chub] population in Grand Canyon grows to 70,000 adults (40,000–200,000; 95% credible interval) &lt;br /&gt;
*The LTEMP EIS is modified to allow for releases to control smallmouth bass and to modify the sediment accounting windows for HFEs&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://gcdamp.com/index.php/SEIS_Bypass_Releases SEIS Bypass Releases] (CoolMix) to control smallmouth bass&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==2023==&lt;br /&gt;
*[[The 2023 Spring HFE| Spring HFE: 39,500 cfs for 72h]] &lt;br /&gt;
*[https://gcdamp.com/index.php/Brown_Trout Brown trout] incentivized harvest at Lees Ferry&lt;br /&gt;
*Bill Stewart becomes program manager for the Glen Canyon Dam Adaptive Management Program&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==2022==&lt;br /&gt;
*Release temperatures at Glen Canyon Dam reach 20.5C with low reservoir elevations&lt;br /&gt;
*Balancing releases May - September&lt;br /&gt;
*[[A 2022 Fall HFE| A Fall HFE]] was not conducted due to the discovery of [http://gcdamp.com/index.php/Smallmouth_Bass_Page smallmouth bass] in Glen Canyon (1,600,000 mt)&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://gcdamp.com/index.php/The_Bugflow_Experiment Bugflow Experiment]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://gcdamp.com/index.php/Brown_Trout Brown trout] incentivized harvest at Lees Ferry&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==2021==&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://gcdamp.com/index.php?title=Spring_Disturbance_Flow Spring Disturbance Flow]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://gcdamp.com/index.php/Brown_Trout Brown trout] incentivized harvest at Lees Ferry&lt;br /&gt;
*Andrew Schultz becomes GCMRC Chief&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==2020==&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://gcdamp.com/index.php/The_Bugflow_Experiment Bugflow Experiment]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://gcdamp.com/index.php/Brown_Trout Brown trout] incentivized harvest at Lees Ferry&lt;br /&gt;
*COVID moves all meetings for the year to remote&lt;br /&gt;
*Ed Keable becomes superintendent of Grand Canyon National Park&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==2019==&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://gcdamp.com/index.php/The_Bugflow_Experiment Bugflow Experiment]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/amwg/2019-08-21-amwg-meeting/20190821-GlenCanyonDamAdaptiveManagementProgramGuidance-508-UCRO.pdf DOI Guidance from Dr. Tim Petty]&lt;br /&gt;
*Lee Traynham becomes program manager for the Glen Canyon Dam Adaptive Management Program&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==2018==&lt;br /&gt;
*[[The 2018 Fall HFE| Fall HFE]]: 38,100 cfs for 60h&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://gcdamp.com/index.php/The_Bugflow_Experiment Bugflow Experiment]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==2017==&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://gcdamp.com/index.php/2017_Knowledge_Assessment 2017 Knowledge Assessment]&lt;br /&gt;
*Ryan Zinke becomes Secretary of the Interior&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==2016==&lt;br /&gt;
*Publication of the [https://gcdamp.com/index.php/Long-term_Experimental_and_Management_Plan_(LTEMP) LTEMP EIS]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2017/1006/ofr20171006.pdf LTEMP Science Plan]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/twg/2016-10-18-twg-meeting/Attach_09b.pdf TWG Protocol Paper]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==2015==&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://gcdamp.com/index.php/Brown_Trout Brown trout] and [https://gcdamp.com/index.php/Green_Sunfish_Page green sunfish] start reproducing in Lees Ferry&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://gcdamp.com/index.php?title=GCDAMP-_HFE_2015 A 2015 Fall HFE] was canceled due to the discovery of [http://gcdamp.com/index.php?title=Green_Sunfish_Page green sunfish] in Glen Canyon (1,168,000 mt)&lt;br /&gt;
*Start of Triennial Budget and Workplans&lt;br /&gt;
*Scott VanderKooi becomes GCMRC Chief&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==2014==&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://gcdamp.com/index.php?title=GCDAMP-_HFE_2014 Fall HFE]: 37,500 cfs for 96h&lt;br /&gt;
*Galahad Point fire and flood eliminates the humpback chub translocation in Shinumo Creek&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==2013==&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://gcdamp.com/index.php?title=GCDAMP-_HFE_2013 Fall HFE]: 34,100 cfs for 96h&lt;br /&gt;
*Sally Jewell becomes Secretary of the Interior&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==2012==&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://gcdamp.com/index.php/Portal:Desired_Future_Conditions_-DFCs Development of the Desired Future Conditions (DFCs)]&lt;br /&gt;
*Publication of the [https://gcdamp.com/index.php/The_HFE_Page High Flow Experiment Protocol]&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://gcdamp.com/index.php?title=GCDAMP-_HFE_2012 Fall HFE]: 42,300 cfs for 96h (slow downramp)&lt;br /&gt;
*Razorback Sucker found in lower part of Grand Canyon- believed the fish traveled some 50 miles upstream from Lake Mead.  Last one recorded had been caught in 1990. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==2011==&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://gcdamp.com/index.php?title=Near_Shore_Ecology_(NSE)_Study Fall Steady Flow Experiment (2009-2011)]&lt;br /&gt;
*The 2011 Equalization releases March - December &lt;br /&gt;
*[https://gcdamp.com/index.php/Core_Monitoring_Plan Core Monitoring Plan (draft)]&lt;br /&gt;
*Start of Biennial Budget and Workplans&lt;br /&gt;
*Jack Schmidt becomes GCMRC Chief&lt;br /&gt;
*Dave Uberuaga becomes Superintendent of GCNP&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==2010==&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://gcdamp.com/index.php?title=Near_Shore_Ecology_(NSE)_Study Fall Steady Flow Experiment (2009-2011)]&lt;br /&gt;
*Glen Knowles becomes program manager for the Glen Canyon Dam Adaptive Management Program&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==2009==&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://gcdamp.com/index.php?title=Near_Shore_Ecology_(NSE)_Study Fall Steady Flow Experiment (2009-2011)]&lt;br /&gt;
*Ken Salazar becomes Secretary of the Interior&lt;br /&gt;
*Anne Castle becomes Assistant Secretary for Water and Science&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==2008==&lt;br /&gt;
*USFWS Biological Opinion identifies concerns with constructing a [https://gcdamp.com/index.php/TCD_Learning_Page Temperature Control Device (TCD)] that can only release warm water&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://digitalcommons.usu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1153&amp;amp;context=govdocs Spring HFE]&lt;br /&gt;
*Grand Canyon Trust files suit against USBR, USFWS, and others contending operations at Glen Canyon Dam rand counter to their obligations to comply with the ESA, NEPA, and Administrative Policy Act&lt;br /&gt;
*GCDAMP budget was capped&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==2007==&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://www.riversimulator.org/Resources/USBR/LTEP/Randle2007.pdf Appraisal study on sediment augmentation]&lt;br /&gt;
*Pearce Ferry Rapid forms creating a non-navigable barrier for downstream rafting and barrier for upstream fish movement from Lake Mead&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://gcdamp.com/index.php/Interim_Guidelines Beginning of Interim Guidelines for Lower Basin Shortages (2007-2027)]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://gcdamp.com/index.php/Strategic_Science_Plan Strategic Science Plan]&lt;br /&gt;
*Steve Martin becomes superintendent of GCNP&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==2006==&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://gcdamp.com/index.php/Trout_Reduction_Efforts Trout removals] from the confluence with the Little Colorado River (2003-2006)&lt;br /&gt;
*Draft Long-Term Experimental Plan Environmental Plan (LTEP)&lt;br /&gt;
*Dirk Kempthorne becomes Secretary of the Interior&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
==2005==&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1282/c1282.pdf SCORE Report: The State of the Colorado River Ecosystem in Grand Canyon]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://gcdamp.com/index.php/Trout_Reduction_Efforts Trout removals] from the confluence with the Little Colorado River (2003-2006)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==2004==&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://gcdamp.com/index.php/Trout_Reduction_Efforts Trout removals] from the confluence with the Little Colorado River (2003-2006)&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2011/3012/ 2004 Fall HFE]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://gcdamp.com/index.php/GCDAMP_Budget#:~:text=2004%20GCDAMP%20Goals%20and%20AMWG%20Priority%20Questions GCDAMP Goals and AMWG Priority Questions]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==2003==&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://gcdamp.com/index.php/Trout_Reduction_Efforts Trout removals] from the confluence with the Little Colorado River (2003-2006)&lt;br /&gt;
*Fluctuating trout suppression flows from January through March implemented and continued through 2005.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==2002==&lt;br /&gt;
*U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service announces recovery goals for endangered fishes of the Colorado River Basin.&lt;br /&gt;
*Adaptive Management Work Group recommends implementation of the first 2 years of an experimental design proposed by the GCMRC.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==2001==&lt;br /&gt;
*Humpback Chub population in Grand Canyon was in decline in the 1990s, and reached a low of about 5,000 adult fish&lt;br /&gt;
*Draft GCDAMP Strategic Plan for the developed by program managers.&lt;br /&gt;
*Gale Norton becomes Secretary of the Interior&lt;br /&gt;
*GCMRC moves from the office of the Assistant Secretary of the Interior to the US Geological Survey&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==2000==&lt;br /&gt;
*[[The 2000 Low Summer Steady Flow Experiment| The Low Steady Summer Flow Experiment (LSSF)]]&lt;br /&gt;
*Second and third tests of the habitat maintenance flows concept conducted in spring and summer.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==1999==&lt;br /&gt;
*AMWG Colorado River trip to develop the Vision Statement for the GCDAMP&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://gcdamp.com/images_gcdamp_com/6/62/Appendix_B_%28Guidance_Document%29_Loveless.doc Glen Canyon Dam Adaptive Management Program AMWG FACA Committee Guidance (The 1999 Loveless Document)]&lt;br /&gt;
*Dennis Kubly becomes program manager for the Glen Canyon Dam Adaptive Management Program&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==1998==&lt;br /&gt;
*GCMRC is moved from USBR to the office of the Assistant Secretary of the Department of the Interior&lt;br /&gt;
*Barry Gold becomes acting GCRMC Chief&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
==1997==&lt;br /&gt;
*AMWG and TWG fully established &lt;br /&gt;
*The AMWG held their first meeting on September 10-11, 1997, and officially formed the Glen Canyon Technical Work Group (TWG) as a subgroup to work on tasks charged to them by the AMWG.&lt;br /&gt;
*The TWG was formed to provide stakeholders with involvement in federal decisions concerning the operation of Glen Canyon Dam and Power Plant.&lt;br /&gt;
*Formation of a GCDAMP Strategic Planning Subcommittee (1997-2000)&lt;br /&gt;
*Reclamation begins a Value Planning Study for a warm-water [https://gcdamp.com/index.php/TCD_Learning_Page Temperature Control Device (TCD)]&lt;br /&gt;
*[[The 1997 Habitat Maintenance Flow (HMF)|1997 Habitat Maintenance Flow (HMF)]]&lt;br /&gt;
*Mary Orton joins AMWG as mediator&lt;br /&gt;
*Bruce Moore becomes program manager for the Glen Canyon Dam Adaptive Management Program&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==1996==&lt;br /&gt;
*Record of Decision on the Operation of Glen Canyon Dam Final Environmental Impact Statement selects Modified Low Fluctuating Flows (MLFF) as the preferred alternative. &lt;br /&gt;
*[[The 1996 Spring HFE| 1996 Beach/Habitat-Building Flow (BHBF)]]&lt;br /&gt;
*Dave Garrett becomes first GCMRC Chief&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==1995==&lt;br /&gt;
*Transition Work Group to act as a bridge between GCES and GCDAMP (1995-1996)&lt;br /&gt;
*Establishment of the Grand Canyon Monitoring and Research Center (GCMRC)&lt;br /&gt;
*The Glen Canyon Dam Environmental Impact Statement as required by the Grand Canyon Protection Act is completed. &lt;br /&gt;
*The Grand Canyon National Park General Management Plan&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==1994==&lt;br /&gt;
*Programmatic Agreement on Cultural Resources signed between the State of Arizona, Department of the Interior agencies, and six tribes over protection of cultural resources in the river corridor below Glen Canyon Dam.&lt;br /&gt;
*U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service designates critical habitat for four species of endangered Colorado River fish and completes Biological Opinion outlining reasonable and prudent alternatives that must be evaluated for dam operation.&lt;br /&gt;
*Memorandum of Agreement signed for development of a Lower Colorado River Multi-Species Conservation Plan between state agencies in Nevada, California, and Arizona and federal agencies, including the Bureau of Land Management, Bureau of Reclamation, Fish and Wildlife Service, and the National Park Service.[http://www.sci.sdsu.edu/salton/LowerColoradoRiverMSCP.html MSCP History (SDSU)]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==1993==&lt;br /&gt;
*Bruce Babbitt becomes Secretary of the Interior&lt;br /&gt;
*Dan Beard becomes USBR Commissioner&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==1992==&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://www.usbr.gov/uc/legal/gcpa1992.html Grand Canyon Protection Act ] &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==1991==&lt;br /&gt;
*Interim operating criteria for Glen Canyon Dam implemented&lt;br /&gt;
*The 1990-91 Experimental Flows&lt;br /&gt;
*Razorback Sucker and Kanab Ambersnail federally listed as endangered&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==1990==&lt;br /&gt;
*Beginning of Interim Operating Criteria&lt;br /&gt;
*The 1990-91 Experimental Flows&lt;br /&gt;
*Formulative discussions on the concept of HFEs begin lead by Duncan Patton&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==1989==&lt;br /&gt;
*Manuel Lujan becomes Secretary of the Interior and orders an environmental impact statement on dam operations.&lt;br /&gt;
*National Research Council sponsors [https://www.nationalacademies.org/publications/1832 symposium] that reviews existing knowledge on Colorado River ecosystem&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==1988==&lt;br /&gt;
*Salt Lake City Area Integrated Projects(CRSP) passed after a series of public information and comment forums.&lt;br /&gt;
*Glen Canyon Environmental Studies issues [http://archive.library.nau.edu/utils/getfile/collection/cpa/id/61166/filename/61167.pdf ''Glen Canyon Environmental Studies Final Report''], completing Phase I and starting Phase II (1988-1988), which would be accelerated to support environmental impact statement process.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==1987==&lt;br /&gt;
*National Research Council completes review of Glen Canyon Environmental Studies, publishing [http://archive.org/details/riverdammanageme00unse River and Dam Management: a Review of the Bureau of Reclamation's Glen Canyon Environmental Studies]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==1986==&lt;br /&gt;
  &lt;br /&gt;
==1985==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==1984==&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://www.riversimulator.org/Resources/GCDAMP/GCDAMPchronicle/1983FloodGCDhannon.pdf The 1984 Floods]&lt;br /&gt;
*One of the last Razorback Suckers seen in Grand Canyon is caught and released at Bass Rapids&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==1983==&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://www.riversimulator.org/Resources/GCDAMP/GCDAMPchronicle/1983FloodGCDhannon.pdf The 1983 Floods]&lt;br /&gt;
*Glen Canyon Dam releases more than 92,000 cfs to stop Lake Powell from overtopping Glen Canyon Dam.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==1982==&lt;br /&gt;
*Glen Canyon Environmental Studies - Phase I (1982-1988) created to study effects of Glen Canyon Dam operations&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==1980==&lt;br /&gt;
*Lake Powell reaches full pool (3,700 ft)&lt;br /&gt;
*Bonytail chub listed as endangered&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==1979==&lt;br /&gt;
*Grand Canyon National Park designated a UNESCO World Heritage Site&lt;br /&gt;
*USBR proposes an upgrade of Glen Canyon Dam's generators&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==1978==&lt;br /&gt;
*U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service files jeopardy opinion on the effects of Glen Canyon Dam on endangered fishes&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==1975==&lt;br /&gt;
*Grand Canyon National Park Enlargement Act passed&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==1974==&lt;br /&gt;
*Colorado River Basin Salinity Control Act authorized the construction, operation, and maintenance of works in the Colorado River Basin to control the salinity of Colorado River water available for use in the United States and Mexico. Some GCDAMP stakeholders participate in the Salinity Control Forums created by the act.&lt;br /&gt;
*First Lawsuit filed over Glen Canyon Dam operations by commercial raft operators contending that the disruption of normal flows was interfering with their ability to conduct river trips.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==1973==&lt;br /&gt;
*Endangered Species Act (ESA) of 1973 passed to protect and promote the recovery of animals and plants that are in danger of becoming extinct because of the activities of people. Administered by the US Fish and Wildlife Service.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==1972==&lt;br /&gt;
*Last verified record of [https://gcdamp.com/index.php/Colorado_Pikeminnow Colorado Pikeminnow] caught in Grand Canyon at Havasu Creek&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==1971==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==1970==&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/lc/region/pao/pdfiles/opcriter.pdf Long-range Operating Criteria (LROC)] developed for Glen Canyon Dam operations&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==1969==&lt;br /&gt;
*National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA) of 1969 passed requiring Federal agencies to consider the environmental impacts of their proposed actions and reasonable alternatives to those actions.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==1968==&lt;br /&gt;
*Colorado River Basin Project Act passed&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==1967==&lt;br /&gt;
*Humpback chub and Colorado pikeminnow federally listed as endangered&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==1966==&lt;br /&gt;
*National Historic Preservation Act passed&lt;br /&gt;
*Crystal rapid forms after a large flash flood from Crystal Creek&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==1965==&lt;br /&gt;
*[[The 1965 Reservoir Equalization and Channel Cleaning Floods]]&lt;br /&gt;
*United States contract for delivery of power from the Colorado River Storage Project to customers.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==1964==&lt;br /&gt;
*U.S. Supreme Court decision in Arizona v. California confirmed apportionments of Colorado River water authorized in 1928 Boulder Canyon Project Act, including Nevada's allocation of 0.3 maf per year. The Decree in this case set many of the rules under which the river is operated.  &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==1963==&lt;br /&gt;
*Glen Canyon Dam completed as part of the Colorado River Storage Project.&lt;br /&gt;
*U.S. Supreme Court held in Arizona vs California that, as a result of the Boulder Canyon Project Act, California held an allocation of 4.4 maf, Arizona 2.8 maf, and Nevada 300,000 acre-feet of Colorado River water&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== 1956 ==&lt;br /&gt;
*Colorado River Storage Project Act passed authorizing Glen Canyon Dam&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== 1948 ==&lt;br /&gt;
*Upper Colorado River Basin Compact signed&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== 1944 ==&lt;br /&gt;
*Treaty with Mexico obligating the US to provide 1.5 maf of Colorado River water to Mexico annually&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== 1935 ==&lt;br /&gt;
*Hoover Dam completed &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== 1928 ==&lt;br /&gt;
*Boulder Canyon Project Act passed authorizing Hoover Dam.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== 1922 ==&lt;br /&gt;
*Colorado River Compact signed allocating the Colorado River water between the upper and the lower basins.  Upper basin States have the right to use 7.5 maf/yr only if that quantity is available after meeting delivery requirements of 7.5 maf/yr to the Lower basin plus the amount required to satisfy anticipated claims by Mexico.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== 1921 ==&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://www.parkerliveonline.com/2013/07/24/colorado-river-day-thursday/ Colorado River was officially re-named from the “Grand” to the “Colorado.” ] &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== 1919 ==&lt;br /&gt;
*Grand Canyon National Park created&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== 1916 ==&lt;br /&gt;
*National Park Service Organic Act passed&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== 1902 ==&lt;br /&gt;
*Reclamation Act Creates the Bureau of Reclamation&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== 1869 ==&lt;br /&gt;
*Major John Wesley Powell leads first recorded expedition to traverse Grand Canyon&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://www.azcentral.com/story/travel/local/history/2014/05/27/powells-death-defying-grand-canyon-odyssey/9596303/ Powell's death-defying Grand Canyon odyssey]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==*11,000 BP==&lt;br /&gt;
*Paleo-Indian peoples occupy Grand Canyon region&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Cellsworth</name></author>	</entry>

	<entry>
		<id>http://gcdamp.com/index.php?title=GCDAMP_History_Time-Line_-Years&amp;diff=11282</id>
		<title>GCDAMP History Time-Line -Years</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://gcdamp.com/index.php?title=GCDAMP_History_Time-Line_-Years&amp;diff=11282"/>
				<updated>2026-09-29T17:33:31Z</updated>
		
		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Cellsworth: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
__NOTOC__&lt;br /&gt;
==2027==&lt;br /&gt;
*LTEMP 10-Year Review&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==2026==&lt;br /&gt;
*Start of [https://gcdamp.com/index.php/2027-2028_Operating_Guidelines 2027-2028 Operating Guidelines]&lt;br /&gt;
*Bright Angel creek floods from monsoon rains on the Dragon-Bravo fire scar&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==2025==&lt;br /&gt;
*The [https://gcdamp.com/index.php/The_-12_Mile_Slough -12 Mile Slough] gets renovated&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://gcdamp.com/index.php/SEIS_Bypass_Releases SEIS Bypass Releases] (CoolMix) to control smallmouth bass&lt;br /&gt;
*Dragon-Bravo fire burns on the North Rim&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==2024==&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://gcdamp.com/index.php/Humpback_Chub_Page Humpback chub] population in Grand Canyon grows to 70,000 adults (40,000–200,000; 95% credible interval) &lt;br /&gt;
*The LTEMP EIS is modified to allow for releases to control smallmouth bass and to modify the sediment accounting windows for HFEs&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://gcdamp.com/index.php/SEIS_Bypass_Releases SEIS Bypass Releases] (CoolMix) to control smallmouth bass&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==2023==&lt;br /&gt;
*[[The 2023 Spring HFE| Spring HFE: 39,500 cfs for 72h]] &lt;br /&gt;
*[https://gcdamp.com/index.php/Brown_Trout Brown trout] incentivized harvest at Lees Ferry&lt;br /&gt;
*Bill Stewart becomes program manager for the Glen Canyon Dam Adaptive Management Program&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==2022==&lt;br /&gt;
*Release temperatures at Glen Canyon Dam reach 20.5C with low reservoir elevations&lt;br /&gt;
*Balancing releases May - September&lt;br /&gt;
*[[A 2022 Fall HFE| A Fall HFE]] was not conducted due to the discovery of [http://gcdamp.com/index.php/Smallmouth_Bass_Page smallmouth bass] in Glen Canyon (1,600,000 mt)&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://gcdamp.com/index.php/The_Bugflow_Experiment Bugflow Experiment]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://gcdamp.com/index.php/Brown_Trout Brown trout] incentivized harvest at Lees Ferry&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==2021==&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://gcdamp.com/index.php?title=Spring_Disturbance_Flow Spring Disturbance Flow]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://gcdamp.com/index.php/Brown_Trout Brown trout] incentivized harvest at Lees Ferry&lt;br /&gt;
*Andrew Schultz becomes GCMRC Chief&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==2020==&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://gcdamp.com/index.php/The_Bugflow_Experiment Bugflow Experiment]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://gcdamp.com/index.php/Brown_Trout Brown trout] incentivized harvest at Lees Ferry&lt;br /&gt;
*COVID moves all meetings for the year to remote&lt;br /&gt;
*Ed Keable becomes superintendent of Grand Canyon National Park&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==2019==&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://gcdamp.com/index.php/The_Bugflow_Experiment Bugflow Experiment]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/amwg/2019-08-21-amwg-meeting/20190821-GlenCanyonDamAdaptiveManagementProgramGuidance-508-UCRO.pdf DOI Guidance from Dr. Tim Petty]&lt;br /&gt;
*Lee Traynham becomes program manager for the Glen Canyon Dam Adaptive Management Program&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==2018==&lt;br /&gt;
*[[The 2018 Fall HFE| Fall HFE]]: 38,100 cfs for 60h&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://gcdamp.com/index.php/The_Bugflow_Experiment Bugflow Experiment]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==2017==&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://gcdamp.com/index.php/2017_Knowledge_Assessment 2017 Knowledge Assessment]&lt;br /&gt;
*Ryan Zinke becomes Secretary of the Interior&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==2016==&lt;br /&gt;
*Publication of the [https://gcdamp.com/index.php/Long-term_Experimental_and_Management_Plan_(LTEMP) LTEMP EIS]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2017/1006/ofr20171006.pdf LTEMP Science Plan]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/twg/2016-10-18-twg-meeting/Attach_09b.pdf TWG Protocol Paper]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==2015==&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://gcdamp.com/index.php/Brown_Trout Brown trout] and [https://gcdamp.com/index.php/Green_Sunfish_Page green sunfish] start reproducing in Lees Ferry&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://gcdamp.com/index.php?title=GCDAMP-_HFE_2015 A 2015 Fall HFE] was canceled due to the discovery of [http://gcdamp.com/index.php?title=Green_Sunfish_Page green sunfish] in Glen Canyon (1,168,000 mt)&lt;br /&gt;
*Start of Triennial Budget and Workplans&lt;br /&gt;
*Scott VanderKooi becomes GCMRC Chief&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==2014==&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://gcdamp.com/index.php?title=GCDAMP-_HFE_2014 Fall HFE]: 37,500 cfs for 96h&lt;br /&gt;
*Galahad Point fire and flood eliminates the humpback chub translocation in Shinumo Creek&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==2013==&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://gcdamp.com/index.php?title=GCDAMP-_HFE_2013 Fall HFE]: 34,100 cfs for 96h&lt;br /&gt;
*Sally Jewell becomes Secretary of the Interior&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==2012==&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://gcdamp.com/index.php/Portal:Desired_Future_Conditions_-DFCs Development of the Desired Future Conditions (DFCs)]&lt;br /&gt;
*Publication of the [https://gcdamp.com/index.php/The_HFE_Page High Flow Experiment Protocol]&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://gcdamp.com/index.php?title=GCDAMP-_HFE_2012 Fall HFE]: 42,300 cfs for 96h (slow downramp)&lt;br /&gt;
*Razorback Sucker found in lower part of Grand Canyon- believed the fish traveled some 50 miles upstream from Lake Mead.  Last one recorded had been caught in 1990. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==2011==&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://gcdamp.com/index.php?title=Near_Shore_Ecology_(NSE)_Study Fall Steady Flow Experiment (2009-2011)]&lt;br /&gt;
*The 2011 Equalization releases March - December &lt;br /&gt;
*[https://gcdamp.com/index.php/Core_Monitoring_Plan Core Monitoring Plan (draft)]&lt;br /&gt;
*Start of Biennial Budget and Workplans&lt;br /&gt;
*Jack Schmidt becomes GCMRC Chief&lt;br /&gt;
*Dave Uberuaga becomes Superintendent of GCNP&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==2010==&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://gcdamp.com/index.php?title=Near_Shore_Ecology_(NSE)_Study Fall Steady Flow Experiment (2009-2011)]&lt;br /&gt;
*Glen Knowles becomes program manager for the Glen Canyon Dam Adaptive Management Program&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==2009==&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://gcdamp.com/index.php?title=Near_Shore_Ecology_(NSE)_Study Fall Steady Flow Experiment (2009-2011)]&lt;br /&gt;
*Ken Salazar becomes Secretary of the Interior&lt;br /&gt;
*Anne Castle becomes Assistant Secretary for Water and Science&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==2008==&lt;br /&gt;
*USFWS Biological Opinion identifies concerns with constructing a [https://gcdamp.com/index.php/TCD_Learning_Page Temperature Control Device (TCD)] that can only release warm water&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://digitalcommons.usu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1153&amp;amp;context=govdocs Spring HFE]&lt;br /&gt;
*Grand Canyon Trust files suit against USBR, USFWS, and others contending operations at Glen Canyon Dam rand counter to their obligations to comply with the ESA, NEPA, and Administrative Policy Act&lt;br /&gt;
*GCDAMP budget was capped&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==2007==&lt;br /&gt;
*Pearce Ferry Rapid forms creating a non-navigable barrier for downstream rafting and barrier for upstream fish movement from Lake Mead&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://gcdamp.com/index.php/Interim_Guidelines Beginning of Interim Guidelines for Lower Basin Shortages (2007-2027)]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://gcdamp.com/index.php/Strategic_Science_Plan Strategic Science Plan]&lt;br /&gt;
*Steve Martin becomes superintendent of GCNP&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==2006==&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://gcdamp.com/index.php/Trout_Reduction_Efforts Trout removals] from the confluence with the Little Colorado River (2003-2006)&lt;br /&gt;
*Draft Long-Term Experimental Plan Environmental Plan (LTEP)&lt;br /&gt;
*Dirk Kempthorne becomes Secretary of the Interior&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
==2005==&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1282/c1282.pdf SCORE Report: The State of the Colorado River Ecosystem in Grand Canyon]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://gcdamp.com/index.php/Trout_Reduction_Efforts Trout removals] from the confluence with the Little Colorado River (2003-2006)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==2004==&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://gcdamp.com/index.php/Trout_Reduction_Efforts Trout removals] from the confluence with the Little Colorado River (2003-2006)&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2011/3012/ 2004 Fall HFE]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://gcdamp.com/index.php/GCDAMP_Budget#:~:text=2004%20GCDAMP%20Goals%20and%20AMWG%20Priority%20Questions GCDAMP Goals and AMWG Priority Questions]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==2003==&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://gcdamp.com/index.php/Trout_Reduction_Efforts Trout removals] from the confluence with the Little Colorado River (2003-2006)&lt;br /&gt;
*Fluctuating trout suppression flows from January through March implemented and continued through 2005.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==2002==&lt;br /&gt;
*U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service announces recovery goals for endangered fishes of the Colorado River Basin.&lt;br /&gt;
*Adaptive Management Work Group recommends implementation of the first 2 years of an experimental design proposed by the GCMRC.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==2001==&lt;br /&gt;
*Humpback Chub population in Grand Canyon was in decline in the 1990s, and reached a low of about 5,000 adult fish&lt;br /&gt;
*Draft GCDAMP Strategic Plan for the developed by program managers.&lt;br /&gt;
*Gale Norton becomes Secretary of the Interior&lt;br /&gt;
*GCMRC moves from the office of the Assistant Secretary of the Interior to the US Geological Survey&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==2000==&lt;br /&gt;
*[[The 2000 Low Summer Steady Flow Experiment| The Low Steady Summer Flow Experiment (LSSF)]]&lt;br /&gt;
*Second and third tests of the habitat maintenance flows concept conducted in spring and summer.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==1999==&lt;br /&gt;
*AMWG Colorado River trip to develop the Vision Statement for the GCDAMP&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://gcdamp.com/images_gcdamp_com/6/62/Appendix_B_%28Guidance_Document%29_Loveless.doc Glen Canyon Dam Adaptive Management Program AMWG FACA Committee Guidance (The 1999 Loveless Document)]&lt;br /&gt;
*Dennis Kubly becomes program manager for the Glen Canyon Dam Adaptive Management Program&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==1998==&lt;br /&gt;
*GCMRC is moved from USBR to the office of the Assistant Secretary of the Department of the Interior&lt;br /&gt;
*Barry Gold becomes acting GCRMC Chief&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
==1997==&lt;br /&gt;
*AMWG and TWG fully established &lt;br /&gt;
*The AMWG held their first meeting on September 10-11, 1997, and officially formed the Glen Canyon Technical Work Group (TWG) as a subgroup to work on tasks charged to them by the AMWG.&lt;br /&gt;
*The TWG was formed to provide stakeholders with involvement in federal decisions concerning the operation of Glen Canyon Dam and Power Plant.&lt;br /&gt;
*Formation of a GCDAMP Strategic Planning Subcommittee (1997-2000)&lt;br /&gt;
*Reclamation begins a Value Planning Study for a warm-water [https://gcdamp.com/index.php/TCD_Learning_Page Temperature Control Device (TCD)]&lt;br /&gt;
*[[The 1997 Habitat Maintenance Flow (HMF)|1997 Habitat Maintenance Flow (HMF)]]&lt;br /&gt;
*Mary Orton joins AMWG as mediator&lt;br /&gt;
*Bruce Moore becomes program manager for the Glen Canyon Dam Adaptive Management Program&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==1996==&lt;br /&gt;
*Record of Decision on the Operation of Glen Canyon Dam Final Environmental Impact Statement selects Modified Low Fluctuating Flows (MLFF) as the preferred alternative. &lt;br /&gt;
*[[The 1996 Spring HFE| 1996 Beach/Habitat-Building Flow (BHBF)]]&lt;br /&gt;
*Dave Garrett becomes first GCMRC Chief&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==1995==&lt;br /&gt;
*Transition Work Group to act as a bridge between GCES and GCDAMP (1995-1996)&lt;br /&gt;
*Establishment of the Grand Canyon Monitoring and Research Center (GCMRC)&lt;br /&gt;
*The Glen Canyon Dam Environmental Impact Statement as required by the Grand Canyon Protection Act is completed. &lt;br /&gt;
*The Grand Canyon National Park General Management Plan&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==1994==&lt;br /&gt;
*Programmatic Agreement on Cultural Resources signed between the State of Arizona, Department of the Interior agencies, and six tribes over protection of cultural resources in the river corridor below Glen Canyon Dam.&lt;br /&gt;
*U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service designates critical habitat for four species of endangered Colorado River fish and completes Biological Opinion outlining reasonable and prudent alternatives that must be evaluated for dam operation.&lt;br /&gt;
*Memorandum of Agreement signed for development of a Lower Colorado River Multi-Species Conservation Plan between state agencies in Nevada, California, and Arizona and federal agencies, including the Bureau of Land Management, Bureau of Reclamation, Fish and Wildlife Service, and the National Park Service.[http://www.sci.sdsu.edu/salton/LowerColoradoRiverMSCP.html MSCP History (SDSU)]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==1993==&lt;br /&gt;
*Bruce Babbitt becomes Secretary of the Interior&lt;br /&gt;
*Dan Beard becomes USBR Commissioner&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==1992==&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://www.usbr.gov/uc/legal/gcpa1992.html Grand Canyon Protection Act ] &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==1991==&lt;br /&gt;
*Interim operating criteria for Glen Canyon Dam implemented&lt;br /&gt;
*The 1990-91 Experimental Flows&lt;br /&gt;
*Razorback Sucker and Kanab Ambersnail federally listed as endangered&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==1990==&lt;br /&gt;
*Beginning of Interim Operating Criteria&lt;br /&gt;
*The 1990-91 Experimental Flows&lt;br /&gt;
*Formulative discussions on the concept of HFEs begin lead by Duncan Patton&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==1989==&lt;br /&gt;
*Manuel Lujan becomes Secretary of the Interior and orders an environmental impact statement on dam operations.&lt;br /&gt;
*National Research Council sponsors [https://www.nationalacademies.org/publications/1832 symposium] that reviews existing knowledge on Colorado River ecosystem&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==1988==&lt;br /&gt;
*Salt Lake City Area Integrated Projects(CRSP) passed after a series of public information and comment forums.&lt;br /&gt;
*Glen Canyon Environmental Studies issues [http://archive.library.nau.edu/utils/getfile/collection/cpa/id/61166/filename/61167.pdf ''Glen Canyon Environmental Studies Final Report''], completing Phase I and starting Phase II (1988-1988), which would be accelerated to support environmental impact statement process.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==1987==&lt;br /&gt;
*National Research Council completes review of Glen Canyon Environmental Studies, publishing [http://archive.org/details/riverdammanageme00unse River and Dam Management: a Review of the Bureau of Reclamation's Glen Canyon Environmental Studies]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==1986==&lt;br /&gt;
  &lt;br /&gt;
==1985==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==1984==&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://www.riversimulator.org/Resources/GCDAMP/GCDAMPchronicle/1983FloodGCDhannon.pdf The 1984 Floods]&lt;br /&gt;
*One of the last Razorback Suckers seen in Grand Canyon is caught and released at Bass Rapids&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==1983==&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://www.riversimulator.org/Resources/GCDAMP/GCDAMPchronicle/1983FloodGCDhannon.pdf The 1983 Floods]&lt;br /&gt;
*Glen Canyon Dam releases more than 92,000 cfs to stop Lake Powell from overtopping Glen Canyon Dam.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==1982==&lt;br /&gt;
*Glen Canyon Environmental Studies - Phase I (1982-1988) created to study effects of Glen Canyon Dam operations&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==1980==&lt;br /&gt;
*Lake Powell reaches full pool (3,700 ft)&lt;br /&gt;
*Bonytail chub listed as endangered&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==1979==&lt;br /&gt;
*Grand Canyon National Park designated a UNESCO World Heritage Site&lt;br /&gt;
*USBR proposes an upgrade of Glen Canyon Dam's generators&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==1978==&lt;br /&gt;
*U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service files jeopardy opinion on the effects of Glen Canyon Dam on endangered fishes&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==1975==&lt;br /&gt;
*Grand Canyon National Park Enlargement Act passed&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==1974==&lt;br /&gt;
*Colorado River Basin Salinity Control Act authorized the construction, operation, and maintenance of works in the Colorado River Basin to control the salinity of Colorado River water available for use in the United States and Mexico. Some GCDAMP stakeholders participate in the Salinity Control Forums created by the act.&lt;br /&gt;
*First Lawsuit filed over Glen Canyon Dam operations by commercial raft operators contending that the disruption of normal flows was interfering with their ability to conduct river trips.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==1973==&lt;br /&gt;
*Endangered Species Act (ESA) of 1973 passed to protect and promote the recovery of animals and plants that are in danger of becoming extinct because of the activities of people. Administered by the US Fish and Wildlife Service.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==1972==&lt;br /&gt;
*Last verified record of [https://gcdamp.com/index.php/Colorado_Pikeminnow Colorado Pikeminnow] caught in Grand Canyon at Havasu Creek&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==1971==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==1970==&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/lc/region/pao/pdfiles/opcriter.pdf Long-range Operating Criteria (LROC)] developed for Glen Canyon Dam operations&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==1969==&lt;br /&gt;
*National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA) of 1969 passed requiring Federal agencies to consider the environmental impacts of their proposed actions and reasonable alternatives to those actions.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==1968==&lt;br /&gt;
*Colorado River Basin Project Act passed&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==1967==&lt;br /&gt;
*Humpback chub and Colorado pikeminnow federally listed as endangered&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==1966==&lt;br /&gt;
*National Historic Preservation Act passed&lt;br /&gt;
*Crystal rapid forms after a large flash flood from Crystal Creek&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==1965==&lt;br /&gt;
*[[The 1965 Reservoir Equalization and Channel Cleaning Floods]]&lt;br /&gt;
*United States contract for delivery of power from the Colorado River Storage Project to customers.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==1964==&lt;br /&gt;
*U.S. Supreme Court decision in Arizona v. California confirmed apportionments of Colorado River water authorized in 1928 Boulder Canyon Project Act, including Nevada's allocation of 0.3 maf per year. The Decree in this case set many of the rules under which the river is operated.  &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==1963==&lt;br /&gt;
*Glen Canyon Dam completed as part of the Colorado River Storage Project.&lt;br /&gt;
*U.S. Supreme Court held in Arizona vs California that, as a result of the Boulder Canyon Project Act, California held an allocation of 4.4 maf, Arizona 2.8 maf, and Nevada 300,000 acre-feet of Colorado River water&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== 1956 ==&lt;br /&gt;
*Colorado River Storage Project Act passed authorizing Glen Canyon Dam&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== 1948 ==&lt;br /&gt;
*Upper Colorado River Basin Compact signed&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== 1944 ==&lt;br /&gt;
*Treaty with Mexico obligating the US to provide 1.5 maf of Colorado River water to Mexico annually&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== 1935 ==&lt;br /&gt;
*Hoover Dam completed &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== 1928 ==&lt;br /&gt;
*Boulder Canyon Project Act passed authorizing Hoover Dam.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== 1922 ==&lt;br /&gt;
*Colorado River Compact signed allocating the Colorado River water between the upper and the lower basins.  Upper basin States have the right to use 7.5 maf/yr only if that quantity is available after meeting delivery requirements of 7.5 maf/yr to the Lower basin plus the amount required to satisfy anticipated claims by Mexico.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== 1921 ==&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://www.parkerliveonline.com/2013/07/24/colorado-river-day-thursday/ Colorado River was officially re-named from the “Grand” to the “Colorado.” ] &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== 1919 ==&lt;br /&gt;
*Grand Canyon National Park created&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== 1916 ==&lt;br /&gt;
*National Park Service Organic Act passed&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== 1902 ==&lt;br /&gt;
*Reclamation Act Creates the Bureau of Reclamation&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== 1869 ==&lt;br /&gt;
*Major John Wesley Powell leads first recorded expedition to traverse Grand Canyon&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://www.azcentral.com/story/travel/local/history/2014/05/27/powells-death-defying-grand-canyon-odyssey/9596303/ Powell's death-defying Grand Canyon odyssey]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==*11,000 BP==&lt;br /&gt;
*Paleo-Indian peoples occupy Grand Canyon region&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Cellsworth</name></author>	</entry>

	<entry>
		<id>http://gcdamp.com/index.php?title=Glen_Canyon_Dam_Adaptive_Management_ADMINISTRATIVE_HISTORY&amp;diff=11281</id>
		<title>Glen Canyon Dam Adaptive Management ADMINISTRATIVE HISTORY</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://gcdamp.com/index.php?title=Glen_Canyon_Dam_Adaptive_Management_ADMINISTRATIVE_HISTORY&amp;diff=11281"/>
				<updated>2026-09-29T16:31:25Z</updated>
		
		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Cellsworth: &lt;/p&gt;
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==[[GCDAMP Strategic Plan| '''History of the Glen Canyon Dam Adaptive Management Program''']]==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The Secretary of the Interior Bruce Babbitt, created the Glen Canyon Dam Adaptive Management Program (GCDAMP) in response to the 1995 Environmental Impact Statement on the Operations of Glen Canyon Dam. The GCDAMP is responsible for implementation of the Grand Canyon Protection Act of 1992, to monitor the operation of Glen Canyon Dam, to ensure the dam is operated in compliance with a range of laws and regulations and mitigate any significant environmental impacts. [https://gcdamphistory.org/about/what-is-gcdamp/]&lt;br /&gt;
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! style=&amp;quot;width=33%; background:#cedff2;&amp;quot; | [[GCDAMP History Time-Line -Years| Click here to see the Expanded GCDAMP History Timeline ]] &amp;lt;br&amp;gt; &lt;br /&gt;
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{|width=&amp;quot;100%&amp;quot; cellpadding=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; cellspacing=&amp;quot;5&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;vertical-align:top; background:#f5faff;&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
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==Glen Canyon Environmental Studies - Phase I (1982-1988)==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Phase I of the Glen Canyon Environmental Studies (GCES), conducted from 1982 to 1988, was a major scientific research program launched by the U.S. Bureau of Reclamation to evaluate how dam operations affected the downstream ecosystem of the Colorado River.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
*Purpose: Assess the short- and long-term impacts of Glen Canyon Dam operations on downstream resources, including vegetation, wildlife, fisheries, recreation, and sand beaches.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
*Main Findings: Scientists discovered that rapid daily water fluctuations and high-volume releases from the dam were causing significant damage to downstream environments, native habitats, and cultural resources.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
*Conclusion and Next Steps: Phase I concluded in 1988 with a final report. The alarming evidence gathered directly triggered Phase II in 1989 and forced the Secretary of the Interior to order a comprehensive Environmental Impact Statement (EIS) to reform dam management.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Glen Canyon Environmental Studies - Phase II (1988-1988)==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The Glen Canyon Environmental Studies (GCES) Phase II was a major scientific research program conducted in the 1990s to evaluate how the operations of Glen Canyon Dam affected the downstream ecosystem of the Colorado River through Glen and Grand Canyons.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
*Purpose: Launched by the Bureau of Reclamation following Phase I, Phase II gathered comprehensive data to understand the physical, chemical, and biological impacts of dam releases (such as fluctuating flows for power generation) on beaches, native fish, and cultural resources.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
*Scientific Integration: It integrated diverse scientific disciplines—including hydrology, sediment transport, aquatic ecology, and terrestrial biology—to create experimental high flows and steady flow tests.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
*Legacy and Outcome: The extensive data and environmental assessments produced during Phase II directly provided the scientific foundation for the 1996 Glen Canyon Dam Environmental Impact Statement (EIS) and the subsequent establishment of the Glen Canyon Dam Adaptive Management Program (GCDAMP).&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==National Research Council workshop on Colorado River (1989)==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
In 1989, the National Research Council (NRC) sponsored a pivotal symposium/workshop that reviewed existing scientific knowledge on the Colorado River ecosystem.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''Context and Core Focus'''&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
This workshop was a critical milestone in the history of the Glen Canyon Dam Adaptive Management Program (GCDAMP). Prior to this, Phase I of the Glen Canyon Environmental Studies (GCES) (spanning 1982–1988) had revealed that the daily fluctuating water releases from the Glen Canyon Dam were causing significant degradation downstream. This included the erosion of sandbars used for campsites and the destruction of critical habitats for native and endangered fish in the Grand Canyon.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The 1989 NRC workshop brought together scientists, resource managers, and policymakers to synthesize what was known about these human-induced ecological impacts.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''Historical Significance &amp;amp; Outcomes'''&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
*Catalyst for Policy Change: The symposium coincided with a major turning point. In July 1989, Secretary of the Interior Manuel Lujan used these compounding scientific concerns to formally order a comprehensive Environmental Impact Statement (EIS) on Glen Canyon Dam operations. This marked the first time a retroactive EIS was mandated for an active, major federal dam.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
*Transition to Phase II: The workshop helped structure the scientific hypotheses for Phase II of the GCES (1989–1996), shifting the focus toward integrated ecosystem modeling and formal adaptive management.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
*Subsequent Publication: The findings and reviews initiated around this period culminated in the landmark NRC report, [https://www.nationalacademies.org/publications/1832 Colorado River Ecology and Dam Management], published in 1990.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Formative discussions on the concept for HFEs (1990-1995)==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
High Flow Experimental Releases (HFEs) refer to controlled, high-volume water releases from dams designed to mimic natural floods and rebuild ecological habitats.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The Concept: Between 1990 and 1995, scientists associated with pioneering ecologist Duncan Patten engaged in highly controversial &amp;quot;formative discussions&amp;quot; about the concept of controlled flooding.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The Debate: At the time, major federal water agencies and traditional engineers were deeply wary of intentionally flooding river systems. These early 1990s discussions served to lay the scientific groundwork for changing dam discharge patterns.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The Result: This period directly led to the implementation of interim operating criteria at major sites like the Glen Canyon Dam, culminating in the first historic, massive test of an environmental HFE in the Grand Canyon in 1996.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Beginning of Interim Operating Criteria (1991)==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The interim operating criteria for Glen Canyon Dam officially began implementation in August 1991, following an initial testing period and a formal Interagency Agreement.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
*Testing Phase: Tested by the Bureau of Reclamation between August 1 and October 31, 1991, to evaluate research flows and downstream ecological data.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
*Interagency Agreement: Formalized via an agreement executed between the Bureau of Reclamation and the Western Area Power Administration (WAPA) on October 2, 1991 (with exception criteria detailed further on October 21, 1991).&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
*Operational Flexibility: Allowed WAPA a 10% fluctuation buffer around operational constraints to manage electrical control areas while accommodating downramp limits.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
*Environmental Context: Preceded the landmark Grand Canyon Protection Act of 1992, which legally mandated protecting downstream resources in Grand Canyon National Park and Glen Canyon National Recreation Area.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==[https://gcdamp.com/index.php/Grand_Canyon_Protection_Act Grand Canyon Protection Act (1992)]==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The Grand Canyon Protection Act of 1992 directed the Secretary of the Interior to manage the Glen Canyon Dam to protect downstream environmental, cultural, and recreational resources in the Grand Canyon.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''Key Provisions'''&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
*Dam Operations: Required the Bureau of Reclamation to operate Glen Canyon Dam in a way that mitigates adverse impacts on natural and cultural resources and visitor use in a manner fully consistent with and subject to the Law of the River.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
*Water Priority: Made environmental protection subordinate to the primary water storage and delivery functions of the Colorado River Compact.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
*Environmental Impact Statement (EIS): Mandated a comprehensive EIS on dam operations, leading to a 1996 Record of Decision.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
*Long-Term Monitoring: Ordered the establishment of long-term monitoring programs and adaptive management to continually evaluate downstream ecosystem health.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Glen Canyon Dam Environmental Impact Statement (1995)==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The Glen Canyon Dam Environmental Impact Statement (Reclamation 1995) was completed in&lt;br /&gt;
March 1995. Its purpose was to “determine specific options that could be implemented to&lt;br /&gt;
minimize—consistent with law—adverse impacts on the downstream environmental and cultural&lt;br /&gt;
resources and Native American interests in Glen and Grand Canyons.” The Glen Canyon Dam &lt;br /&gt;
Environmental Impact Statement analyzed nine alternatives to allow the Secretary of the Interior&lt;br /&gt;
to balance competing interests and to meet statutory responsibilities for protecting downstream&lt;br /&gt;
resources and producing hydropower, and to protect affected Native American interests. The&lt;br /&gt;
preferred alternative was the Modified Low Fluctuating Flow Alternative.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Establishment of the Grand Canyon Monitoring and Research Center (1995)==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The Grand Canyon Monitoring and Research Center (GCMRC) was officially established in November 1995 to measure how Glen Canyon Dam operations affect natural, physical, biological, and cultural resources along the Colorado River.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Legislative Mandate: Created to fulfill the long-term monitoring and research requirements of the Grand Canyon Protection Act of 1992.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Core Mission: Ensure that Glen Canyon Dam operates in a way that protects and improves the values of Grand Canyon National Park and Glen Canyon National Recreation Area.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Program Integration: Absorbed the earlier Glen Canyon Environmental Studies program and became the main science provider for the Glen Canyon Dam Adaptive Management Program (GCDAMP).&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Transition Work Group (1995-1996)==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The informal group was assembled to act as a bridge between GCES and GCDAMP personnel and methods. It was comprised mostly of soon-to-be GCDAMP stakeholders.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Record of Decision on the Operation of Glen Canyon Dam (1996)==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
On October 9, 1996, the Secretary of the Interior signed the Record of Decision that presented&lt;br /&gt;
the rationale for choosing the Modified Low Fluctuating Flow Alternative. As noted in the Record of Decision:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The goal of selecting a preferred alternative was not to maximize benefits for the most&lt;br /&gt;
resources, but rather to find an alternative dam operating plan that would permit recovery&lt;br /&gt;
and long-term sustainability of downstream resources while limiting hydropower&lt;br /&gt;
capability and flexibility only to the extent necessary to achieve recovery and long-term&lt;br /&gt;
sustainability. [Reclamation 1996:10]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The Record of Decision (Appendix G) included seven environmental and monitoring&lt;br /&gt;
commitments:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* Adaptive Management&lt;br /&gt;
* Monitoring and Protection of Cultural Resources&lt;br /&gt;
* Flood Frequency Reduction Measures&lt;br /&gt;
* Beach/Habitat-Building Flows&lt;br /&gt;
* New Population of Humpback Chub&lt;br /&gt;
* Further Study of Selective Withdrawal&lt;br /&gt;
* Emergency Exception Criteria&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The commitments are explained in detail in the Record of Decision (Reclamation 1996;&lt;br /&gt;
Appendix G) and in the Glen Canyon Dam Environmental Impact Statement (Reclamation&lt;br /&gt;
1995:33-34); however, it should be noted that subsequent work of the Technical Work Group&lt;br /&gt;
and Adaptive Management Work Group have altered some commitments (Technical Work&lt;br /&gt;
Group 1998) with Endangered Species Act and National Environmental Policy Act compliance.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Strategic Planning Subcommittee (1997-2000)==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Formed at the behest of SOI Bruce Babbitt for the transition from GCES to GCDAMP/AMWG. There were seven members, representing recreation, environmental, tribal, hydropower and Department of the Interior interests. According to Andre Potochnik, it was this group that took the Colorado River trip described in detail by Mary Orton (see 1999, below).&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==AMWG and TWG fully established (1997)==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
In 1997 Secretary of Interior Bruce Babbitt established the Glen Canyon Dam Adaptive Management Work Group (AMWG) as a formal Federal Advisory Committee, under the authority and guidelines of the Federal Advisory Committee Act of 1972. The purpose of AMWG was to monitor implementation of the ROD, provide recommendations to the Secretary regarding its effectiveness, and recommend science-based adjustments to the operation of Glen Canyon Dam to better achieve restoration and maintenance of downstream resources. AMWG held its first meeting on September 10-11, 1997, and officially formed the Glen Canyon Technical Work Group (TWG) as a subgroup to work on tasks charged to them by the AMWG.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==AMWG Colorado River trip (1999)==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
As described in Mary Orton’s oral history interview, this trip through Grand Canyon helped soothe contention among AMWG stakeholders, who had not been working together for very long, and resulted in a Vision Statement for the group. Most oral history interviewees involved in GCDAMP at the time have shared a recollection of the trip or its impact on the program.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Publication of first GCDAMP Strategic Plan (2001)==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
“This strategic plan is a guidance document for the Glen Canyon Dam Adaptive Management Program and was developed by program members. Elements of this plan include the Glen Canyon Dam Adaptive Management Work Group’s vision and mission statements, as well as principles, goals, and management objectives.” (From the Foreword to the Stategic Plan)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Experimental design initiated (2002)==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Adaptive Management Work Group recommends implementation of the first 2 years of an experimental design proposed by the GCMRC.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Experimental fish programs launched (2003)==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Experiment begun to remove nonnative fish from the Colorado River in Grand Canyon. Fluctuating nonnative fish suppression releases from January through March implemented and continued through 2005.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==[http://www.riversimulator.org/Resources/Legal/GCD/ReclamationLTEPwebPage.pdf Long-Term Experimental Plan Environmental Plan (2006)] ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The Long-Term Experimental Plan Environmental Impact Statement (LTEP&lt;br /&gt;
EIS) was begun in late 2006 to address flow and non-flow actions in the&lt;br /&gt;
Colorado River below Glen Canyon Dam. The Bureau of Reclamation&lt;br /&gt;
completed public scoping for the proposed action in January 2007 and&lt;br /&gt;
issued a scoping report in March 2007. Multiple factors, including&lt;br /&gt;
extraordinarily large sediment inputs from tributaries, new information on&lt;br /&gt;
the endangered humpback chub population, and litigation, have led to a&lt;br /&gt;
temporary suspension of work on the LTEP EIS, and instead a primary&lt;br /&gt;
focus on Endangered Species Act and National Environmental Policy Act&lt;br /&gt;
compliance on a five-year plan of experimental flows, including a high-flow&lt;br /&gt;
test that was completed in early March 2008.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==The High Flow Experiment Protocol (2012)==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
“Secretary of the Interior Ken Salazar triggered the first release under the experimental long-term protocol in November 2012. The protocol calls for conducting more frequent high-flow experimental releases and timing them to occur following sediment inputs to the Colorado River downstream from Glen Canyon Dam.” &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==LTEMP EIS (2016)==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
LTEMP “provides the basis for decisions that identify management actions and experimental options that will provide a framework for adaptively managing Glen Canyon Dam operations over the next 20 years.”&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
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*[http://gcdamphistory.org GCDAMP Administrative History website]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://gcdamphistory.org/about/new-member-orientation/ New Member Orientation]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://gcdamphistory.org/archive/key-readings/ Key Readings]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://gcdamphistory.org/archive/oral-histories/ Oral Histories]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://gcdamphistory.org/history/historical-timeline/ Historical Timeline]&lt;br /&gt;
*[[GCDAMP AHAHG Page| Administrative History Ad-Hoc Group (AHAHG) page]]&lt;br /&gt;
*[[GCES Documents| GCES Documents]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
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==GCDAMP Wiki==&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://gcdamp.com/index.php?title=GCDAMP_WIKI_Overview_Questions Link to information on the GCDAMP Wiki]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==GCDAMP Administrative History Project==&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://gcdamp.com/index.php?title=BIO_Pages Bio Pages for GCDAMP Stakeholders and their Representatives]&lt;br /&gt;
*[[GCDAMP Representatives- History|  GCDAMP Representatives- History]]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.dropbox.com/sh/o1luou2q20bkwz3/AAD_ugRuHF7BtpOdZtkLTpjXa?dl=0 Interviews dropbox: Mary Orton, Larry Stevens, Cliff Barrett and Dave Wegner]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Interviews===&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://gcdamp.com/index.php?title=Cliff_Barrett-_BIO_PAGE Cliff Barrett]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
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'''2020'''&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/twg/2020-04-15-twg-meeting/20200415-AdministrativeHistoryProjectProgressUpdate-Presentation-508-UCRO.pdf Administrative History Project – Progress Update ]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''2019'''&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/amwg/2019-03-06-amwg-meeting/20190306-AdministrativeHistoryUpdate-Presentation-508-UCRO.pdf Administrative History Project Update Presentation]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''2018'''&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/rm/amp/amwg/mtgs/18feb14/Attach_13.pdf GCDAMP Administrative History Project PPT]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''2017'''&lt;br /&gt;
*[[Media:GCDAMP Administrative History Project Year 1 Report.pdf| First Year Report and Strategic Plan for GCDAMP administrative history]]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/rm/amp/amwg/mtgs/17feb15/AIF%20Admin%20History.pdf GCDAMP Administrative History Project Update ]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/rm/amp/amwg/mtgs/17feb15/Wiki%20Report.pdf GCDAMP Wiki Update ]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''2016'''&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://www.usbr.gov/uc/rm/amp/twg/mtgs/16oct18/Attach_03.pdf Wiki ppt]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
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&amp;lt;Span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/Span&amp;gt;&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Cellsworth</name></author>	</entry>

	<entry>
		<id>http://gcdamp.com/index.php?title=GCDAMP_History_Time-Line_-Years&amp;diff=11280</id>
		<title>GCDAMP History Time-Line -Years</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://gcdamp.com/index.php?title=GCDAMP_History_Time-Line_-Years&amp;diff=11280"/>
				<updated>2026-09-29T16:25:11Z</updated>
		
		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Cellsworth: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
__NOTOC__&lt;br /&gt;
==2027==&lt;br /&gt;
*LTEMP 10-Year Review&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==2026==&lt;br /&gt;
*Start of [https://gcdamp.com/index.php/2027-2028_Operating_Guidelines 2027-2028 Operating Guidelines]&lt;br /&gt;
*Bright Angel creek floods from monsoon rains on the Dragon-Bravo fire scar&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==2025==&lt;br /&gt;
*The [https://gcdamp.com/index.php/The_-12_Mile_Slough -12 Mile Slough] gets renovated&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://gcdamp.com/index.php/SEIS_Bypass_Releases SEIS Bypass Releases] (CoolMix) to control smallmouth bass&lt;br /&gt;
*Dragon-Bravo fire burns on the North Rim&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==2024==&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://gcdamp.com/index.php/Humpback_Chub_Page Humpback chub] population in Grand Canyon grows to 70,000 adults (40,000–200,000; 95% credible interval) &lt;br /&gt;
*The LTEMP EIS is modified to allow for releases to control smallmouth bass and to modify the sediment accounting windows for HFEs&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://gcdamp.com/index.php/SEIS_Bypass_Releases SEIS Bypass Releases] (CoolMix) to control smallmouth bass&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==2023==&lt;br /&gt;
*[[The 2023 Spring HFE| Spring HFE: 39,500 cfs for 72h]] &lt;br /&gt;
*[https://gcdamp.com/index.php/Brown_Trout Brown trout] incentivized harvest at Lees Ferry&lt;br /&gt;
*Bill Stewart becomes program manager for the Glen Canyon Dam Adaptive Management Program&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==2022==&lt;br /&gt;
*Release temperatures at Glen Canyon Dam reach 20.5C with low reservoir elevations&lt;br /&gt;
*[[A 2022 Fall HFE| A Fall HFE]] was not conducted due to the discovery of [http://gcdamp.com/index.php/Smallmouth_Bass_Page smallmouth bass] in Glen Canyon (1,600,000 mt)&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://gcdamp.com/index.php/The_Bugflow_Experiment Bugflow Experiment]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://gcdamp.com/index.php/Brown_Trout Brown trout] incentivized harvest at Lees Ferry&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==2021==&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://gcdamp.com/index.php?title=Spring_Disturbance_Flow Spring Disturbance Flow]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://gcdamp.com/index.php/Brown_Trout Brown trout] incentivized harvest at Lees Ferry&lt;br /&gt;
*Andrew Schultz becomes GCMRC Chief&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==2020==&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://gcdamp.com/index.php/The_Bugflow_Experiment Bugflow Experiment]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://gcdamp.com/index.php/Brown_Trout Brown trout] incentivized harvest at Lees Ferry&lt;br /&gt;
*COVID moves all meetings for the year to remote&lt;br /&gt;
*Ed Keable becomes superintendent of Grand Canyon National Park&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==2019==&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://gcdamp.com/index.php/The_Bugflow_Experiment Bugflow Experiment]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/amwg/2019-08-21-amwg-meeting/20190821-GlenCanyonDamAdaptiveManagementProgramGuidance-508-UCRO.pdf DOI Guidance from Dr. Tim Petty]&lt;br /&gt;
*Lee Traynham becomes program manager for the Glen Canyon Dam Adaptive Management Program&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==2018==&lt;br /&gt;
*[[The 2018 Fall HFE| Fall HFE]]: 38,100 cfs for 60h&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://gcdamp.com/index.php/The_Bugflow_Experiment Bugflow Experiment]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==2017==&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://gcdamp.com/index.php/2017_Knowledge_Assessment 2017 Knowledge Assessment]&lt;br /&gt;
*Ryan Zinke becomes Secretary of the Interior&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==2016==&lt;br /&gt;
*Publication of the [https://gcdamp.com/index.php/Long-term_Experimental_and_Management_Plan_(LTEMP) LTEMP EIS]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2017/1006/ofr20171006.pdf LTEMP Science Plan]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/twg/2016-10-18-twg-meeting/Attach_09b.pdf TWG Protocol Paper]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==2015==&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://gcdamp.com/index.php/Brown_Trout Brown trout] and [https://gcdamp.com/index.php/Green_Sunfish_Page green sunfish] start reproducing in Lees Ferry&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://gcdamp.com/index.php?title=GCDAMP-_HFE_2015 A 2015 Fall HFE] was canceled due to the discovery of [http://gcdamp.com/index.php?title=Green_Sunfish_Page green sunfish] in Glen Canyon (1,168,000 mt)&lt;br /&gt;
*Start of Triennial Budget and Workplans&lt;br /&gt;
*Scott VanderKooi becomes GCMRC Chief&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==2014==&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://gcdamp.com/index.php?title=GCDAMP-_HFE_2014 Fall HFE]: 37,500 cfs for 96h&lt;br /&gt;
*Galahad Point fire and flood eliminates the humpback chub translocation in Shinumo Creek&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==2013==&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://gcdamp.com/index.php?title=GCDAMP-_HFE_2013 Fall HFE]: 34,100 cfs for 96h&lt;br /&gt;
*Sally Jewell becomes Secretary of the Interior&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==2012==&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://gcdamp.com/index.php/Portal:Desired_Future_Conditions_-DFCs Development of the Desired Future Conditions (DFCs)]&lt;br /&gt;
*Publication of the [https://gcdamp.com/index.php/The_HFE_Page High Flow Experiment Protocol]&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://gcdamp.com/index.php?title=GCDAMP-_HFE_2012 Fall HFE]: 42,300 cfs for 96h (slow downramp)&lt;br /&gt;
*Razorback Sucker found in lower part of Grand Canyon- believed the fish traveled some 50 miles upstream from Lake Mead.  Last one recorded had been caught in 1990. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==2011==&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://gcdamp.com/index.php?title=Near_Shore_Ecology_(NSE)_Study Fall Steady Flow Experiment (2009-2011)]&lt;br /&gt;
*The 2011 Equalization flows&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://gcdamp.com/index.php/Core_Monitoring_Plan Core Monitoring Plan (draft)]&lt;br /&gt;
*Start of Biennial Budget and Workplans&lt;br /&gt;
*Jack Schmidt becomes GCMRC Chief&lt;br /&gt;
*Dave Uberuaga becomes Superintendent of GCNP&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==2010==&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://gcdamp.com/index.php?title=Near_Shore_Ecology_(NSE)_Study Fall Steady Flow Experiment (2009-2011)]&lt;br /&gt;
*Glen Knowles becomes program manager for the Glen Canyon Dam Adaptive Management Program&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==2009==&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://gcdamp.com/index.php?title=Near_Shore_Ecology_(NSE)_Study Fall Steady Flow Experiment (2009-2011)]&lt;br /&gt;
*Ken Salazar becomes Secretary of the Interior&lt;br /&gt;
*Anne Castle becomes Assistant Secretary for Water and Science&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==2008==&lt;br /&gt;
*USFWS Biological Opinion identifies concerns with constructing a [https://gcdamp.com/index.php/TCD_Learning_Page Temperature Control Device (TCD)] that can only release warm water&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://digitalcommons.usu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1153&amp;amp;context=govdocs Spring HFE]&lt;br /&gt;
*Grand Canyon Trust files suit against USBR, USFWS, and others contending operations at Glen Canyon Dam rand counter to their obligations to comply with the ESA, NEPA, and Administrative Policy Act&lt;br /&gt;
*GCDAMP budget was capped&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==2007==&lt;br /&gt;
*Pearce Ferry Rapid forms creating a non-navigable barrier for downstream rafting and barrier for upstream fish movement from Lake Mead&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://gcdamp.com/index.php/Interim_Guidelines Beginning of Interim Guidelines for Lower Basin Shortages (2007-2027)]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://gcdamp.com/index.php/Strategic_Science_Plan Strategic Science Plan]&lt;br /&gt;
*Steve Martin becomes superintendent of GCNP&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==2006==&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://gcdamp.com/index.php/Trout_Reduction_Efforts Trout removals] from the confluence with the Little Colorado River (2003-2006)&lt;br /&gt;
*Draft Long-Term Experimental Plan Environmental Plan (LTEP)&lt;br /&gt;
*Dirk Kempthorne becomes Secretary of the Interior&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
==2005==&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1282/c1282.pdf SCORE Report: The State of the Colorado River Ecosystem in Grand Canyon]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://gcdamp.com/index.php/Trout_Reduction_Efforts Trout removals] from the confluence with the Little Colorado River (2003-2006)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==2004==&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://gcdamp.com/index.php/Trout_Reduction_Efforts Trout removals] from the confluence with the Little Colorado River (2003-2006)&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2011/3012/ 2004 Fall HFE]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://gcdamp.com/index.php/GCDAMP_Budget#:~:text=2004%20GCDAMP%20Goals%20and%20AMWG%20Priority%20Questions GCDAMP Goals and AMWG Priority Questions]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==2003==&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://gcdamp.com/index.php/Trout_Reduction_Efforts Trout removals] from the confluence with the Little Colorado River (2003-2006)&lt;br /&gt;
*Fluctuating trout suppression flows from January through March implemented and continued through 2005.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==2002==&lt;br /&gt;
*U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service announces recovery goals for endangered fishes of the Colorado River Basin.&lt;br /&gt;
*Adaptive Management Work Group recommends implementation of the first 2 years of an experimental design proposed by the GCMRC.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==2001==&lt;br /&gt;
*Humpback Chub population in Grand Canyon was in decline in the 1990s, and reached a low of about 5,000 adult fish&lt;br /&gt;
*Draft GCDAMP Strategic Plan for the developed by program managers.&lt;br /&gt;
*Gale Norton becomes Secretary of the Interior&lt;br /&gt;
*GCMRC moves from the office of the Assistant Secretary of the Interior to the US Geological Survey&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==2000==&lt;br /&gt;
*[[The 2000 Low Summer Steady Flow Experiment| The Low Steady Summer Flow Experiment (LSSF)]]&lt;br /&gt;
*Second and third tests of the habitat maintenance flows concept conducted in spring and summer.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==1999==&lt;br /&gt;
*AMWG Colorado River trip to develop the Vision Statement for the GCDAMP&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://gcdamp.com/images_gcdamp_com/6/62/Appendix_B_%28Guidance_Document%29_Loveless.doc Glen Canyon Dam Adaptive Management Program AMWG FACA Committee Guidance (The 1999 Loveless Document)]&lt;br /&gt;
*Dennis Kubly becomes program manager for the Glen Canyon Dam Adaptive Management Program&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==1998==&lt;br /&gt;
*GCMRC is moved from USBR to the office of the Assistant Secretary of the Department of the Interior&lt;br /&gt;
*Barry Gold becomes acting GCRMC Chief&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
==1997==&lt;br /&gt;
*AMWG and TWG fully established &lt;br /&gt;
*The AMWG held their first meeting on September 10-11, 1997, and officially formed the Glen Canyon Technical Work Group (TWG) as a subgroup to work on tasks charged to them by the AMWG.&lt;br /&gt;
*The TWG was formed to provide stakeholders with involvement in federal decisions concerning the operation of Glen Canyon Dam and Power Plant.&lt;br /&gt;
*Formation of a GCDAMP Strategic Planning Subcommittee (1997-2000)&lt;br /&gt;
*Reclamation begins a Value Planning Study for a warm-water [https://gcdamp.com/index.php/TCD_Learning_Page Temperature Control Device (TCD)]&lt;br /&gt;
*[[The 1997 Habitat Maintenance Flow (HMF)|1997 Habitat Maintenance Flow (HMF)]]&lt;br /&gt;
*Mary Orton joins AMWG as mediator&lt;br /&gt;
*Bruce Moore becomes program manager for the Glen Canyon Dam Adaptive Management Program&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==1996==&lt;br /&gt;
*Record of Decision on the Operation of Glen Canyon Dam Final Environmental Impact Statement selects Modified Low Fluctuating Flows (MLFF) as the preferred alternative. &lt;br /&gt;
*[[The 1996 Spring HFE| 1996 Beach/Habitat-Building Flow (BHBF)]]&lt;br /&gt;
*Dave Garrett becomes first GCMRC Chief&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==1995==&lt;br /&gt;
*Transition Work Group to act as a bridge between GCES and GCDAMP (1995-1996)&lt;br /&gt;
*Establishment of the Grand Canyon Monitoring and Research Center (GCMRC)&lt;br /&gt;
*The Glen Canyon Dam Environmental Impact Statement as required by the Grand Canyon Protection Act is completed. &lt;br /&gt;
*The Grand Canyon National Park General Management Plan&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==1994==&lt;br /&gt;
*Programmatic Agreement on Cultural Resources signed between the State of Arizona, Department of the Interior agencies, and six tribes over protection of cultural resources in the river corridor below Glen Canyon Dam.&lt;br /&gt;
*U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service designates critical habitat for four species of endangered Colorado River fish and completes Biological Opinion outlining reasonable and prudent alternatives that must be evaluated for dam operation.&lt;br /&gt;
*Memorandum of Agreement signed for development of a Lower Colorado River Multi-Species Conservation Plan between state agencies in Nevada, California, and Arizona and federal agencies, including the Bureau of Land Management, Bureau of Reclamation, Fish and Wildlife Service, and the National Park Service.[http://www.sci.sdsu.edu/salton/LowerColoradoRiverMSCP.html MSCP History (SDSU)]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==1993==&lt;br /&gt;
*Bruce Babbitt becomes Secretary of the Interior&lt;br /&gt;
*Dan Beard becomes USBR Commissioner&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==1992==&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://www.usbr.gov/uc/legal/gcpa1992.html Grand Canyon Protection Act ] &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==1991==&lt;br /&gt;
*Interim operating criteria for Glen Canyon Dam implemented&lt;br /&gt;
*The 1990-91 Experimental Flows&lt;br /&gt;
*Razorback Sucker and Kanab Ambersnail federally listed as endangered&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==1990==&lt;br /&gt;
*Beginning of Interim Operating Criteria&lt;br /&gt;
*The 1990-91 Experimental Flows&lt;br /&gt;
*Formulative discussions on the concept of HFEs begin lead by Duncan Patton&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==1989==&lt;br /&gt;
*Manuel Lujan becomes Secretary of the Interior and orders an environmental impact statement on dam operations.&lt;br /&gt;
*National Research Council sponsors [https://www.nationalacademies.org/publications/1832 symposium] that reviews existing knowledge on Colorado River ecosystem&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==1988==&lt;br /&gt;
*Salt Lake City Area Integrated Projects(CRSP) passed after a series of public information and comment forums.&lt;br /&gt;
*Glen Canyon Environmental Studies issues [http://archive.library.nau.edu/utils/getfile/collection/cpa/id/61166/filename/61167.pdf ''Glen Canyon Environmental Studies Final Report''], completing Phase I and starting Phase II (1988-1988), which would be accelerated to support environmental impact statement process.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==1987==&lt;br /&gt;
*National Research Council completes review of Glen Canyon Environmental Studies, publishing [http://archive.org/details/riverdammanageme00unse River and Dam Management: a Review of the Bureau of Reclamation's Glen Canyon Environmental Studies]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==1986==&lt;br /&gt;
  &lt;br /&gt;
==1985==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==1984==&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://www.riversimulator.org/Resources/GCDAMP/GCDAMPchronicle/1983FloodGCDhannon.pdf The 1984 Floods]&lt;br /&gt;
*One of the last Razorback Suckers seen in Grand Canyon is caught and released at Bass Rapids&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==1983==&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://www.riversimulator.org/Resources/GCDAMP/GCDAMPchronicle/1983FloodGCDhannon.pdf The 1983 Floods]&lt;br /&gt;
*Glen Canyon Dam releases more than 92,000 cfs to stop Lake Powell from overtopping Glen Canyon Dam.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==1982==&lt;br /&gt;
*Glen Canyon Environmental Studies - Phase I (1982-1988) created to study effects of Glen Canyon Dam operations&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==1980==&lt;br /&gt;
*Lake Powell reaches full pool (3,700 ft)&lt;br /&gt;
*Bonytail chub listed as endangered&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==1979==&lt;br /&gt;
*Grand Canyon National Park designated a UNESCO World Heritage Site&lt;br /&gt;
*USBR proposes an upgrade of Glen Canyon Dam's generators&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==1978==&lt;br /&gt;
*U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service files jeopardy opinion on the effects of Glen Canyon Dam on endangered fishes&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==1975==&lt;br /&gt;
*Grand Canyon National Park Enlargement Act passed&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==1974==&lt;br /&gt;
*Colorado River Basin Salinity Control Act authorized the construction, operation, and maintenance of works in the Colorado River Basin to control the salinity of Colorado River water available for use in the United States and Mexico. Some GCDAMP stakeholders participate in the Salinity Control Forums created by the act.&lt;br /&gt;
*First Lawsuit filed over Glen Canyon Dam operations by commercial raft operators contending that the disruption of normal flows was interfering with their ability to conduct river trips.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==1973==&lt;br /&gt;
*Endangered Species Act (ESA) of 1973 passed to protect and promote the recovery of animals and plants that are in danger of becoming extinct because of the activities of people. Administered by the US Fish and Wildlife Service.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==1972==&lt;br /&gt;
*Last verified record of [https://gcdamp.com/index.php/Colorado_Pikeminnow Colorado Pikeminnow] caught in Grand Canyon at Havasu Creek&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==1971==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==1970==&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/lc/region/pao/pdfiles/opcriter.pdf Long-range Operating Criteria (LROC)] developed for Glen Canyon Dam operations&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==1969==&lt;br /&gt;
*National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA) of 1969 passed requiring Federal agencies to consider the environmental impacts of their proposed actions and reasonable alternatives to those actions.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==1968==&lt;br /&gt;
*Colorado River Basin Project Act passed&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==1967==&lt;br /&gt;
*Humpback chub and Colorado pikeminnow federally listed as endangered&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==1966==&lt;br /&gt;
*National Historic Preservation Act passed&lt;br /&gt;
*Crystal rapid forms after a large flash flood from Crystal Creek&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==1965==&lt;br /&gt;
*[[The 1965 Reservoir Equalization and Channel Cleaning Floods]]&lt;br /&gt;
*United States contract for delivery of power from the Colorado River Storage Project to customers.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==1964==&lt;br /&gt;
*U.S. Supreme Court decision in Arizona v. California confirmed apportionments of Colorado River water authorized in 1928 Boulder Canyon Project Act, including Nevada's allocation of 0.3 maf per year. The Decree in this case set many of the rules under which the river is operated.  &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==1963==&lt;br /&gt;
*Glen Canyon Dam completed as part of the Colorado River Storage Project.&lt;br /&gt;
*U.S. Supreme Court held in Arizona vs California that, as a result of the Boulder Canyon Project Act, California held an allocation of 4.4 maf, Arizona 2.8 maf, and Nevada 300,000 acre-feet of Colorado River water&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== 1956 ==&lt;br /&gt;
*Colorado River Storage Project Act passed authorizing Glen Canyon Dam&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== 1948 ==&lt;br /&gt;
*Upper Colorado River Basin Compact signed&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== 1944 ==&lt;br /&gt;
*Treaty with Mexico obligating the US to provide 1.5 maf of Colorado River water to Mexico annually&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== 1935 ==&lt;br /&gt;
*Hoover Dam completed &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== 1928 ==&lt;br /&gt;
*Boulder Canyon Project Act passed authorizing Hoover Dam.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== 1922 ==&lt;br /&gt;
*Colorado River Compact signed allocating the Colorado River water between the upper and the lower basins.  Upper basin States have the right to use 7.5 maf/yr only if that quantity is available after meeting delivery requirements of 7.5 maf/yr to the Lower basin plus the amount required to satisfy anticipated claims by Mexico.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== 1921 ==&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://www.parkerliveonline.com/2013/07/24/colorado-river-day-thursday/ Colorado River was officially re-named from the “Grand” to the “Colorado.” ] &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== 1919 ==&lt;br /&gt;
*Grand Canyon National Park created&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== 1916 ==&lt;br /&gt;
*National Park Service Organic Act passed&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== 1902 ==&lt;br /&gt;
*Reclamation Act Creates the Bureau of Reclamation&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== 1869 ==&lt;br /&gt;
*Major John Wesley Powell leads first recorded expedition to traverse Grand Canyon&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://www.azcentral.com/story/travel/local/history/2014/05/27/powells-death-defying-grand-canyon-odyssey/9596303/ Powell's death-defying Grand Canyon odyssey]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==*11,000 BP==&lt;br /&gt;
*Paleo-Indian peoples occupy Grand Canyon region&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Cellsworth</name></author>	</entry>

	<entry>
		<id>http://gcdamp.com/index.php?title=GCDAMP_History_Time-Line_-Years&amp;diff=11279</id>
		<title>GCDAMP History Time-Line -Years</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://gcdamp.com/index.php?title=GCDAMP_History_Time-Line_-Years&amp;diff=11279"/>
				<updated>2026-09-29T16:19:36Z</updated>
		
		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Cellsworth: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
__NOTOC__&lt;br /&gt;
==2027==&lt;br /&gt;
*LTEMP 10-Year Review&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==2026==&lt;br /&gt;
*Start of [https://gcdamp.com/index.php/2027-2028_Operating_Guidelines 2027-2028 Operating Guidelines]&lt;br /&gt;
*Bright Angel creek floods from monsoon rains on the Dragon-Bravo fire scar&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==2025==&lt;br /&gt;
*The [https://gcdamp.com/index.php/The_-12_Mile_Slough -12 Mile Slough] gets renovated&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://gcdamp.com/index.php/SEIS_Bypass_Releases SEIS Bypass Releases] (CoolMix) to control smallmouth bass&lt;br /&gt;
*Dragon-Bravo fire burns on the North Rim&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==2024==&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://gcdamp.com/index.php/Humpback_Chub_Page Humpback chub] population in Grand Canyon grows to 70,000 adults (40,000–200,000; 95% credible interval) &lt;br /&gt;
*The LTEMP EIS is modified to allow for releases to control smallmouth bass and to modify the sediment accounting windows for HFEs&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://gcdamp.com/index.php/SEIS_Bypass_Releases SEIS Bypass Releases] (CoolMix) to control smallmouth bass&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==2023==&lt;br /&gt;
*[[The 2023 Spring HFE| Spring HFE: 39,500 cfs for 72h]] &lt;br /&gt;
*[https://gcdamp.com/index.php/Brown_Trout Brown trout] incentivized harvest at Lees Ferry&lt;br /&gt;
*Bill Stewart becomes program manager for the Glen Canyon Dam Adaptive Management Program&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==2022==&lt;br /&gt;
*Release temperatures at Glen Canyon Dam reach 20.5C with low reservoir elevations&lt;br /&gt;
*[[A 2022 Fall HFE| A Fall HFE]] was not conducted due to the discovery of [http://gcdamp.com/index.php/Smallmouth_Bass_Page smallmouth bass] in Glen Canyon (1,600,000 mt)&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://gcdamp.com/index.php/The_Bugflow_Experiment Bugflow Experiment]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://gcdamp.com/index.php/Brown_Trout Brown trout] incentivized harvest at Lees Ferry&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==2021==&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://gcdamp.com/index.php?title=Spring_Disturbance_Flow Spring Disturbance Flow]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://gcdamp.com/index.php/Brown_Trout Brown trout] incentivized harvest at Lees Ferry&lt;br /&gt;
*Andrew Schultz becomes GCMRC Chief&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==2020==&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://gcdamp.com/index.php/The_Bugflow_Experiment Bugflow Experiment]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://gcdamp.com/index.php/Brown_Trout Brown trout] incentivized harvest at Lees Ferry&lt;br /&gt;
*COVID moves all meetings for the year to remote&lt;br /&gt;
*Ed Keable becomes superintendent of Grand Canyon National Park&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==2019==&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://gcdamp.com/index.php/The_Bugflow_Experiment Bugflow Experiment]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/amwg/2019-08-21-amwg-meeting/20190821-GlenCanyonDamAdaptiveManagementProgramGuidance-508-UCRO.pdf DOI Guidance from Dr. Tim Petty]&lt;br /&gt;
*Lee Traynham becomes program manager for the Glen Canyon Dam Adaptive Management Program&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==2018==&lt;br /&gt;
*[[The 2018 Fall HFE| Fall HFE]]: 38,100 cfs for 60h&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://gcdamp.com/index.php/The_Bugflow_Experiment Bugflow Experiment]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==2017==&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://gcdamp.com/index.php/2017_Knowledge_Assessment 2017 Knowledge Assessment]&lt;br /&gt;
*Ryan Zinke becomes Secretary of the Interior&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==2016==&lt;br /&gt;
*Publication of the [https://gcdamp.com/index.php/Long-term_Experimental_and_Management_Plan_(LTEMP) LTEMP EIS]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2017/1006/ofr20171006.pdf LTEMP Science Plan]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/twg/2016-10-18-twg-meeting/Attach_09b.pdf TWG Protocol Paper]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==2015==&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://gcdamp.com/index.php/Brown_Trout Brown trout] and [https://gcdamp.com/index.php/Green_Sunfish_Page green sunfish] start reproducing in Lees Ferry&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://gcdamp.com/index.php?title=GCDAMP-_HFE_2015 A 2015 Fall HFE] was canceled due to the discovery of [http://gcdamp.com/index.php?title=Green_Sunfish_Page green sunfish] in Glen Canyon (1,168,000 mt)&lt;br /&gt;
*Start of Triennial Budget and Workplans&lt;br /&gt;
*Scott VanderKooi becomes GCMRC Chief&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==2014==&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://gcdamp.com/index.php?title=GCDAMP-_HFE_2014 Fall HFE]: 37,500 cfs for 96h&lt;br /&gt;
*Galahad Point fire and flood eliminates the humpback chub translocation in Shinumo Creek&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==2013==&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://gcdamp.com/index.php?title=GCDAMP-_HFE_2013 Fall HFE]: 34,100 cfs for 96h&lt;br /&gt;
*Sally Jewell becomes Secretary of the Interior&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==2012==&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://gcdamp.com/index.php/Portal:Desired_Future_Conditions_-DFCs Development of the Desired Future Conditions (DFCs)]&lt;br /&gt;
*Publication of the [https://gcdamp.com/index.php/The_HFE_Page High Flow Experiment Protocol]&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://gcdamp.com/index.php?title=GCDAMP-_HFE_2012 Fall HFE]: 42,300 cfs for 96h (slow downramp)&lt;br /&gt;
*Razorback Sucker found in lower part of Grand Canyon- believed the fish traveled some 50 miles upstream from Lake Mead.  Last one recorded had been caught in 1990. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==2011==&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://gcdamp.com/index.php?title=Near_Shore_Ecology_(NSE)_Study Fall Steady Flow Experiment (2009-2011)]&lt;br /&gt;
*The 2011 Equalization flows&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://gcdamp.com/index.php/Core_Monitoring_Plan Core Monitoring Plan (draft)]&lt;br /&gt;
*Start of Biennial Budget and Workplans&lt;br /&gt;
*Jack Schmidt becomes GCMRC Chief&lt;br /&gt;
*Dave Uberuaga becomes Superintendent of GCNP&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==2010==&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://gcdamp.com/index.php?title=Near_Shore_Ecology_(NSE)_Study Fall Steady Flow Experiment (2009-2011)]&lt;br /&gt;
*Glen Knowles becomes program manager for the Glen Canyon Dam Adaptive Management Program&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==2009==&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://gcdamp.com/index.php?title=Near_Shore_Ecology_(NSE)_Study Fall Steady Flow Experiment (2009-2011)]&lt;br /&gt;
*Ken Salazar becomes Secretary of the Interior&lt;br /&gt;
*Anne Castle becomes Assistant Secretary for Water and Science&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==2008==&lt;br /&gt;
*USFWS Biological Opinion identifies concerns with constructing a [https://gcdamp.com/index.php/TCD_Learning_Page Temperature Control Device (TCD)] that can only release warm water&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://digitalcommons.usu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1153&amp;amp;context=govdocs Spring HFE]&lt;br /&gt;
*Grand Canyon Trust files suit against USBR, USFWS, and others contending operations at Glen Canyon Dam rand counter to their obligations to comply with the ESA, NEPA, and Administrative Policy Act&lt;br /&gt;
*GCDAMP budget was capped&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==2007==&lt;br /&gt;
*Pearce Ferry Rapid forms&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://gcdamp.com/index.php/Interim_Guidelines Beginning of Interim Guidelines for Lower Basin Shortages (2007-2027)]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://gcdamp.com/index.php/Strategic_Science_Plan Strategic Science Plan]&lt;br /&gt;
*Steve Martin becomes superintendent of GCNP&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==2006==&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://gcdamp.com/index.php/Trout_Reduction_Efforts Trout removals] from the confluence with the Little Colorado River (2003-2006)&lt;br /&gt;
*Draft Long-Term Experimental Plan Environmental Plan (LTEP)&lt;br /&gt;
*Dirk Kempthorne becomes Secretary of the Interior&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
==2005==&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1282/c1282.pdf SCORE Report: The State of the Colorado River Ecosystem in Grand Canyon]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://gcdamp.com/index.php/Trout_Reduction_Efforts Trout removals] from the confluence with the Little Colorado River (2003-2006)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==2004==&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://gcdamp.com/index.php/Trout_Reduction_Efforts Trout removals] from the confluence with the Little Colorado River (2003-2006)&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2011/3012/ 2004 Fall HFE]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://gcdamp.com/index.php/GCDAMP_Budget#:~:text=2004%20GCDAMP%20Goals%20and%20AMWG%20Priority%20Questions GCDAMP Goals and AMWG Priority Questions]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==2003==&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://gcdamp.com/index.php/Trout_Reduction_Efforts Trout removals] from the confluence with the Little Colorado River (2003-2006)&lt;br /&gt;
*Fluctuating trout suppression flows from January through March implemented and continued through 2005.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==2002==&lt;br /&gt;
*U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service announces recovery goals for endangered fishes of the Colorado River Basin.&lt;br /&gt;
*Adaptive Management Work Group recommends implementation of the first 2 years of an experimental design proposed by the GCMRC.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==2001==&lt;br /&gt;
*Humpback Chub population in Grand Canyon was in decline in the 1990s, and reached a low of about 5,000 adult fish&lt;br /&gt;
*Draft GCDAMP Strategic Plan for the developed by program managers.&lt;br /&gt;
*Gale Norton becomes Secretary of the Interior&lt;br /&gt;
*GCMRC moves from the office of the Assistant Secretary of the Interior to the US Geological Survey&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==2000==&lt;br /&gt;
*[[The 2000 Low Summer Steady Flow Experiment| The Low Steady Summer Flow Experiment (LSSF)]]&lt;br /&gt;
*Second and third tests of the habitat maintenance flows concept conducted in spring and summer.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==1999==&lt;br /&gt;
*AMWG Colorado River trip to develop the Vision Statement for the GCDAMP&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://gcdamp.com/images_gcdamp_com/6/62/Appendix_B_%28Guidance_Document%29_Loveless.doc Glen Canyon Dam Adaptive Management Program AMWG FACA Committee Guidance (The 1999 Loveless Document)]&lt;br /&gt;
*Dennis Kubly becomes program manager for the Glen Canyon Dam Adaptive Management Program&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==1998==&lt;br /&gt;
*GCMRC is moved from USBR to the office of the Assistant Secretary of the Department of the Interior&lt;br /&gt;
*Barry Gold becomes acting GCRMC Chief&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
==1997==&lt;br /&gt;
*AMWG and TWG fully established &lt;br /&gt;
*The AMWG held their first meeting on September 10-11, 1997, and officially formed the Glen Canyon Technical Work Group (TWG) as a subgroup to work on tasks charged to them by the AMWG.&lt;br /&gt;
*The TWG was formed to provide stakeholders with involvement in federal decisions concerning the operation of Glen Canyon Dam and Power Plant.&lt;br /&gt;
*Formation of a GCDAMP Strategic Planning Subcommittee (1997-2000)&lt;br /&gt;
*Reclamation begins a Value Planning Study for a warm-water [https://gcdamp.com/index.php/TCD_Learning_Page Temperature Control Device (TCD)]&lt;br /&gt;
*[[The 1997 Habitat Maintenance Flow (HMF)|1997 Habitat Maintenance Flow (HMF)]]&lt;br /&gt;
*Mary Orton joins AMWG as mediator&lt;br /&gt;
*Bruce Moore becomes program manager for the Glen Canyon Dam Adaptive Management Program&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==1996==&lt;br /&gt;
*Record of Decision on the Operation of Glen Canyon Dam Final Environmental Impact Statement selects Modified Low Fluctuating Flows (MLFF) as the preferred alternative. &lt;br /&gt;
*[[The 1996 Spring HFE| 1996 Beach/Habitat-Building Flow (BHBF)]]&lt;br /&gt;
*Dave Garrett becomes first GCMRC Chief&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==1995==&lt;br /&gt;
*Transition Work Group to act as a bridge between GCES and GCDAMP (1995-1996)&lt;br /&gt;
*Establishment of the Grand Canyon Monitoring and Research Center (GCMRC)&lt;br /&gt;
*The Glen Canyon Dam Environmental Impact Statement as required by the Grand Canyon Protection Act is completed. &lt;br /&gt;
*The Grand Canyon National Park General Management Plan&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==1994==&lt;br /&gt;
*Programmatic Agreement on Cultural Resources signed between the State of Arizona, Department of the Interior agencies, and six tribes over protection of cultural resources in the river corridor below Glen Canyon Dam.&lt;br /&gt;
*U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service designates critical habitat for four species of endangered Colorado River fish and completes Biological Opinion outlining reasonable and prudent alternatives that must be evaluated for dam operation.&lt;br /&gt;
*Memorandum of Agreement signed for development of a Lower Colorado River Multi-Species Conservation Plan between state agencies in Nevada, California, and Arizona and federal agencies, including the Bureau of Land Management, Bureau of Reclamation, Fish and Wildlife Service, and the National Park Service.[http://www.sci.sdsu.edu/salton/LowerColoradoRiverMSCP.html MSCP History (SDSU)]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==1993==&lt;br /&gt;
*Bruce Babbitt becomes Secretary of the Interior&lt;br /&gt;
*Dan Beard becomes USBR Commissioner&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==1992==&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://www.usbr.gov/uc/legal/gcpa1992.html Grand Canyon Protection Act ] &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==1991==&lt;br /&gt;
*Interim operating criteria for Glen Canyon Dam implemented&lt;br /&gt;
*The 1990-91 Experimental Flows&lt;br /&gt;
*Razorback Sucker and Kanab Ambersnail federally listed as endangered&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==1990==&lt;br /&gt;
*Beginning of Interim Operating Criteria&lt;br /&gt;
*The 1990-91 Experimental Flows&lt;br /&gt;
*Formulative discussions on the concept of HFEs begin lead by Duncan Patton&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==1989==&lt;br /&gt;
*Manuel Lujan becomes Secretary of the Interior and orders an environmental impact statement on dam operations.&lt;br /&gt;
*National Research Council sponsors [https://www.nationalacademies.org/publications/1832 symposium] that reviews existing knowledge on Colorado River ecosystem&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==1988==&lt;br /&gt;
*Salt Lake City Area Integrated Projects(CRSP) passed after a series of public information and comment forums.&lt;br /&gt;
*Glen Canyon Environmental Studies issues [http://archive.library.nau.edu/utils/getfile/collection/cpa/id/61166/filename/61167.pdf ''Glen Canyon Environmental Studies Final Report''], completing Phase I and starting Phase II (1988-1988), which would be accelerated to support environmental impact statement process.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==1987==&lt;br /&gt;
*National Research Council completes review of Glen Canyon Environmental Studies, publishing [http://archive.org/details/riverdammanageme00unse River and Dam Management: a Review of the Bureau of Reclamation's Glen Canyon Environmental Studies]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==1986==&lt;br /&gt;
  &lt;br /&gt;
==1985==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==1984==&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://www.riversimulator.org/Resources/GCDAMP/GCDAMPchronicle/1983FloodGCDhannon.pdf The 1984 Floods]&lt;br /&gt;
*One of the last Razorback Suckers seen in Grand Canyon is caught and released at Bass Rapids&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==1983==&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://www.riversimulator.org/Resources/GCDAMP/GCDAMPchronicle/1983FloodGCDhannon.pdf The 1983 Floods]&lt;br /&gt;
*Glen Canyon Dam releases more than 92,000 cfs to stop Lake Powell from overtopping Glen Canyon Dam.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==1982==&lt;br /&gt;
*Glen Canyon Environmental Studies - Phase I (1982-1988) created to study effects of Glen Canyon Dam operations&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==1980==&lt;br /&gt;
*Lake Powell reaches full pool (3,700 ft)&lt;br /&gt;
*Bonytail chub listed as endangered&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==1979==&lt;br /&gt;
*Grand Canyon National Park designated a UNESCO World Heritage Site&lt;br /&gt;
*USBR proposes an upgrade of Glen Canyon Dam's generators&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==1978==&lt;br /&gt;
*U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service files jeopardy opinion on the effects of Glen Canyon Dam on endangered fishes&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==1975==&lt;br /&gt;
*Grand Canyon National Park Enlargement Act passed&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==1974==&lt;br /&gt;
*Colorado River Basin Salinity Control Act authorized the construction, operation, and maintenance of works in the Colorado River Basin to control the salinity of Colorado River water available for use in the United States and Mexico. Some GCDAMP stakeholders participate in the Salinity Control Forums created by the act.&lt;br /&gt;
*First Lawsuit filed over Glen Canyon Dam operations by commercial raft operators contending that the disruption of normal flows was interfering with their ability to conduct river trips.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==1973==&lt;br /&gt;
*Endangered Species Act (ESA) of 1973 passed to protect and promote the recovery of animals and plants that are in danger of becoming extinct because of the activities of people. Administered by the US Fish and Wildlife Service.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==1972==&lt;br /&gt;
*Last verified record of [https://gcdamp.com/index.php/Colorado_Pikeminnow Colorado Pikeminnow] caught in Grand Canyon at Havasu Creek&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==1971==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==1970==&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/lc/region/pao/pdfiles/opcriter.pdf Long-range Operating Criteria (LROC)] developed for Glen Canyon Dam operations&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==1969==&lt;br /&gt;
*National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA) of 1969 passed requiring Federal agencies to consider the environmental impacts of their proposed actions and reasonable alternatives to those actions.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==1968==&lt;br /&gt;
*Colorado River Basin Project Act passed&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==1967==&lt;br /&gt;
*Humpback chub and Colorado pikeminnow federally listed as endangered&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==1966==&lt;br /&gt;
*National Historic Preservation Act passed&lt;br /&gt;
*Crystal rapid forms after a large flash flood from Crystal Creek&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==1965==&lt;br /&gt;
*[[The 1965 Reservoir Equalization and Channel Cleaning Floods]]&lt;br /&gt;
*United States contract for delivery of power from the Colorado River Storage Project to customers.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==1964==&lt;br /&gt;
*U.S. Supreme Court decision in Arizona v. California confirmed apportionments of Colorado River water authorized in 1928 Boulder Canyon Project Act, including Nevada's allocation of 0.3 maf per year. The Decree in this case set many of the rules under which the river is operated.  &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==1963==&lt;br /&gt;
*Glen Canyon Dam completed as part of the Colorado River Storage Project.&lt;br /&gt;
*U.S. Supreme Court held in Arizona vs California that, as a result of the Boulder Canyon Project Act, California held an allocation of 4.4 maf, Arizona 2.8 maf, and Nevada 300,000 acre-feet of Colorado River water&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== 1956 ==&lt;br /&gt;
*Colorado River Storage Project Act passed authorizing Glen Canyon Dam&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== 1948 ==&lt;br /&gt;
*Upper Colorado River Basin Compact signed&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== 1944 ==&lt;br /&gt;
*Treaty with Mexico obligating the US to provide 1.5 maf of Colorado River water to Mexico annually&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== 1935 ==&lt;br /&gt;
*Hoover Dam completed &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== 1928 ==&lt;br /&gt;
*Boulder Canyon Project Act passed authorizing Hoover Dam.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== 1922 ==&lt;br /&gt;
*Colorado River Compact signed allocating the Colorado River water between the upper and the lower basins.  Upper basin States have the right to use 7.5 maf/yr only if that quantity is available after meeting delivery requirements of 7.5 maf/yr to the Lower basin plus the amount required to satisfy anticipated claims by Mexico.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== 1921 ==&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://www.parkerliveonline.com/2013/07/24/colorado-river-day-thursday/ Colorado River was officially re-named from the “Grand” to the “Colorado.” ] &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== 1919 ==&lt;br /&gt;
*Grand Canyon National Park created&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== 1916 ==&lt;br /&gt;
*National Park Service Organic Act passed&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== 1902 ==&lt;br /&gt;
*Reclamation Act Creates the Bureau of Reclamation&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== 1869 ==&lt;br /&gt;
*Major John Wesley Powell leads first recorded expedition to traverse Grand Canyon&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://www.azcentral.com/story/travel/local/history/2014/05/27/powells-death-defying-grand-canyon-odyssey/9596303/ Powell's death-defying Grand Canyon odyssey]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==*11,000 BP==&lt;br /&gt;
*Paleo-Indian peoples occupy Grand Canyon region&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Cellsworth</name></author>	</entry>

	<entry>
		<id>http://gcdamp.com/index.php?title=GCDAMP_History_Time-Line_-Years&amp;diff=11278</id>
		<title>GCDAMP History Time-Line -Years</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://gcdamp.com/index.php?title=GCDAMP_History_Time-Line_-Years&amp;diff=11278"/>
				<updated>2026-09-29T16:05:05Z</updated>
		
		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Cellsworth: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
__NOTOC__&lt;br /&gt;
==2027==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==2026==&lt;br /&gt;
*Start of [https://gcdamp.com/index.php/2027-2028_Operating_Guidelines 2027-2028 Operating Guidelines]&lt;br /&gt;
*Bright Angel creek floods&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==2025==&lt;br /&gt;
*The [https://gcdamp.com/index.php/The_-12_Mile_Slough -12 Mile Slough] gets renovated&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://gcdamp.com/index.php/SEIS_Bypass_Releases SEIS Bypass Releases] (CoolMix) to control smallmouth bass&lt;br /&gt;
*Dragon-Bravo fire&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==2024==&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://gcdamp.com/index.php/Humpback_Chub_Page Humpback chub] population in Grand Canyon grows to 70,000 adults (40,000–200,000; 95% credible interval) &lt;br /&gt;
*The LTEMP EIS is modified to allow for releases to control smallmouth bass and to modify the sediment accounting windows for HFEs&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://gcdamp.com/index.php/SEIS_Bypass_Releases SEIS Bypass Releases] (CoolMix) to control smallmouth bass&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==2023==&lt;br /&gt;
*[[The 2023 Spring HFE| Spring HFE: 39,500 cfs for 72h]] &lt;br /&gt;
*[https://gcdamp.com/index.php/Brown_Trout Brown trout] incentivized harvest at Lees Ferry&lt;br /&gt;
*Bill Stewart becomes program manager for the Glen Canyon Dam Adaptive Management Program&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==2022==&lt;br /&gt;
*Release temperatures at Glen Canyon Dam reach 20.5C with low reservoir elevations&lt;br /&gt;
*[[A 2022 Fall HFE| A Fall HFE]] was not conducted due to the discovery of [http://gcdamp.com/index.php/Smallmouth_Bass_Page smallmouth bass] in Glen Canyon (1,600,000 mt)&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://gcdamp.com/index.php/The_Bugflow_Experiment Bugflow Experiment]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://gcdamp.com/index.php/Brown_Trout Brown trout] incentivized harvest at Lees Ferry&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==2021==&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://gcdamp.com/index.php?title=Spring_Disturbance_Flow Spring Disturbance Flow]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://gcdamp.com/index.php/Brown_Trout Brown trout] incentivized harvest at Lees Ferry&lt;br /&gt;
*Andrew Schultz becomes GCMRC Chief&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==2020==&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://gcdamp.com/index.php/The_Bugflow_Experiment Bugflow Experiment]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://gcdamp.com/index.php/Brown_Trout Brown trout] incentivized harvest at Lees Ferry&lt;br /&gt;
*COVID moves all meetings for the year to remote&lt;br /&gt;
*Ed Keable becomes superintendent of Grand Canyon National Park&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==2019==&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://gcdamp.com/index.php/The_Bugflow_Experiment Bugflow Experiment]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/amwg/2019-08-21-amwg-meeting/20190821-GlenCanyonDamAdaptiveManagementProgramGuidance-508-UCRO.pdf DOI Guidance from Dr. Tim Petty]&lt;br /&gt;
*Lee Traynham becomes program manager for the Glen Canyon Dam Adaptive Management Program&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==2018==&lt;br /&gt;
*[[The 2018 Fall HFE| Fall HFE]]: 38,100 cfs for 60h&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://gcdamp.com/index.php/The_Bugflow_Experiment Bugflow Experiment]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==2017==&lt;br /&gt;
*Ryan Zinke becomes Secretary of the Interior&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==2016==&lt;br /&gt;
*Publication of the [https://gcdamp.com/index.php/Long-term_Experimental_and_Management_Plan_(LTEMP) LTEMP EIS]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2017/1006/ofr20171006.pdf LTEMP Science Plan]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/twg/2016-10-18-twg-meeting/Attach_09b.pdf TWG Protocol Paper]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==2015==&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://gcdamp.com/index.php/Brown_Trout Brown trout] and [https://gcdamp.com/index.php/Green_Sunfish_Page green sunfish] start reproducing in Lees Ferry&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://gcdamp.com/index.php?title=GCDAMP-_HFE_2015 A 2015 Fall HFE] was canceled due to the discovery of [http://gcdamp.com/index.php?title=Green_Sunfish_Page green sunfish] in Glen Canyon (1,168,000 mt)&lt;br /&gt;
*Start of Triennial Budget and Workplans&lt;br /&gt;
*Scott VanderKooi becomes GCMRC Chief&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==2014==&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://gcdamp.com/index.php?title=GCDAMP-_HFE_2014 Fall HFE]: 37,500 cfs for 96h&lt;br /&gt;
*Galahad Point fire and flood eliminates the humpback chub translocation in Shinumo Creek&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==2013==&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://gcdamp.com/index.php?title=GCDAMP-_HFE_2013 Fall HFE]: 34,100 cfs for 96h&lt;br /&gt;
*Sally Jewell becomes Secretary of the Interior&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==2012==&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://gcdamp.com/index.php/Portal:Desired_Future_Conditions_-DFCs Development of the Desired Future Conditions (DFCs)]&lt;br /&gt;
*Publication of the [https://gcdamp.com/index.php/The_HFE_Page High Flow Experiment Protocol]&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://gcdamp.com/index.php?title=GCDAMP-_HFE_2012 Fall HFE]: 42,300 cfs for 96h (slow downramp)&lt;br /&gt;
*Razorback Sucker found in lower part of Grand Canyon- believed the fish traveled some 50 miles upstream from Lake Mead.  Last one recorded had been caught in 1990. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==2011==&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://gcdamp.com/index.php?title=Near_Shore_Ecology_(NSE)_Study Fall Steady Flow Experiment (2009-2011)]&lt;br /&gt;
*The 2011 Equalization flows&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://gcdamp.com/index.php/Core_Monitoring_Plan Core Monitoring Plan (draft)]&lt;br /&gt;
*Start of Biennial Budget and Workplans&lt;br /&gt;
*Jack Schmidt becomes GCMRC Chief&lt;br /&gt;
*Dave Uberuaga becomes Superintendent of GCNP&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==2010==&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://gcdamp.com/index.php?title=Near_Shore_Ecology_(NSE)_Study Fall Steady Flow Experiment (2009-2011)]&lt;br /&gt;
*Glen Knowles becomes program manager for the Glen Canyon Dam Adaptive Management Program&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==2009==&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://gcdamp.com/index.php?title=Near_Shore_Ecology_(NSE)_Study Fall Steady Flow Experiment (2009-2011)]&lt;br /&gt;
*Ken Salazar becomes Secretary of the Interior&lt;br /&gt;
*Anne Castle becomes Assistant Secretary for Water and Science&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==2008==&lt;br /&gt;
*USFWS Biological Opinion identifies concerns with constructing a [https://gcdamp.com/index.php/TCD_Learning_Page Temperature Control Device (TCD)] that can only release warm water&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://digitalcommons.usu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1153&amp;amp;context=govdocs Spring HFE]&lt;br /&gt;
*Grand Canyon Trust files suit against USBR, USFWS, and others contending operations at Glen Canyon Dam rand counter to their obligations to comply with the ESA, NEPA, and Administrative Policy Act&lt;br /&gt;
*GCDAMP budget was capped&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==2007==&lt;br /&gt;
*Pearce Ferry Rapid forms&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://gcdamp.com/index.php/Interim_Guidelines Beginning of Interim Guidelines for Lower Basin Shortages (2007-2027)]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://gcdamp.com/index.php/Strategic_Science_Plan Strategic Science Plan]&lt;br /&gt;
*Steve Martin becomes superintendent of GCNP&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==2006==&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://gcdamp.com/index.php/Trout_Reduction_Efforts Trout removals] from the confluence with the Little Colorado River (2003-2006)&lt;br /&gt;
*Draft Long-Term Experimental Plan Environmental Plan (LTEP)&lt;br /&gt;
*Dirk Kempthorne becomes Secretary of the Interior&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
==2005==&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://gcdamp.com/index.php/Trout_Reduction_Efforts Trout removals] from the confluence with the Little Colorado River (2003-2006)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==2004==&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://gcdamp.com/index.php/Trout_Reduction_Efforts Trout removals] from the confluence with the Little Colorado River (2003-2006)&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2011/3012/ 2004 Fall HFE]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://gcdamp.com/index.php/GCDAMP_Budget#:~:text=2004%20GCDAMP%20Goals%20and%20AMWG%20Priority%20Questions GCDAMP Goals and AMWG Priority Questions]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==2003==&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://gcdamp.com/index.php/Trout_Reduction_Efforts Trout removals] from the confluence with the Little Colorado River (2003-2006)&lt;br /&gt;
*Fluctuating trout suppression flows from January through March implemented and continued through 2005.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==2002==&lt;br /&gt;
*U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service announces recovery goals for endangered fishes of the Colorado River Basin.&lt;br /&gt;
*Adaptive Management Work Group recommends implementation of the first 2 years of an experimental design proposed by the GCMRC.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==2001==&lt;br /&gt;
*Humpback Chub population in Grand Canyon was in decline in the 1990s, and reached a low of about 5,000 adult fish&lt;br /&gt;
*Draft GCDAMP Strategic Plan for the developed by program managers.&lt;br /&gt;
*Gale Norton becomes Secretary of the Interior&lt;br /&gt;
*GCMRC moves from the office of the Assistant Secretary of the Interior to the US Geological Survey&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==2000==&lt;br /&gt;
*[[The 2000 Low Summer Steady Flow Experiment| The Low Steady Summer Flow Experiment (LSSF)]]&lt;br /&gt;
*Second and third tests of the habitat maintenance flows concept conducted in spring and summer.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==1999==&lt;br /&gt;
*AMWG Colorado River trip to develop the Vision Statement for the GCDAMP&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://gcdamp.com/images_gcdamp_com/6/62/Appendix_B_%28Guidance_Document%29_Loveless.doc Glen Canyon Dam Adaptive Management Program AMWG FACA Committee Guidance (The 1999 Loveless Document)]&lt;br /&gt;
*Dennis Kubly becomes program manager for the Glen Canyon Dam Adaptive Management Program&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==1998==&lt;br /&gt;
*GCMRC is moved from USBR to the office of the Assistant Secretary of the Department of the Interior&lt;br /&gt;
*Barry Gold becomes acting GCRMC Chief&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
==1997==&lt;br /&gt;
*AMWG and TWG fully established &lt;br /&gt;
*The AMWG held their first meeting on September 10-11, 1997, and officially formed the Glen Canyon Technical Work Group (TWG) as a subgroup to work on tasks charged to them by the AMWG.&lt;br /&gt;
*The TWG was formed to provide stakeholders with involvement in federal decisions concerning the operation of Glen Canyon Dam and Power Plant.&lt;br /&gt;
*Formation of a GCDAMP Strategic Planning Subcommittee (1997-2000)&lt;br /&gt;
*Reclamation begins a Value Planning Study for a warm-water [https://gcdamp.com/index.php/TCD_Learning_Page Temperature Control Device (TCD)]&lt;br /&gt;
*[[The 1997 Habitat Maintenance Flow (HMF)|1997 Habitat Maintenance Flow (HMF)]]&lt;br /&gt;
*Mary Orton joins AMWG as mediator&lt;br /&gt;
*Bruce Moore becomes program manager for the Glen Canyon Dam Adaptive Management Program&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==1996==&lt;br /&gt;
*Record of Decision on the Operation of Glen Canyon Dam Final Environmental Impact Statement selects Modified Low Fluctuating Flows (MLFF) as the preferred alternative. &lt;br /&gt;
*[[The 1996 Spring HFE| 1996 Beach/Habitat-Building Flow (BHBF)]]&lt;br /&gt;
*Dave Garrett becomes first GCMRC Chief&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==1995==&lt;br /&gt;
*Transition Work Group to act as a bridge between GCES and GCDAMP (1995-1996)&lt;br /&gt;
*Establishment of the Grand Canyon Monitoring and Research Center (GCMRC)&lt;br /&gt;
*The Glen Canyon Dam Environmental Impact Statement as required by the Grand Canyon Protection Act is completed. &lt;br /&gt;
*The Grand Canyon National Park General Management Plan&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==1994==&lt;br /&gt;
*Programmatic Agreement on Cultural Resources signed between the State of Arizona, Department of the Interior agencies, and six tribes over protection of cultural resources in the river corridor below Glen Canyon Dam.&lt;br /&gt;
*U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service designates critical habitat for four species of endangered Colorado River fish and completes Biological Opinion outlining reasonable and prudent alternatives that must be evaluated for dam operation.&lt;br /&gt;
*Memorandum of Agreement signed for development of a Lower Colorado River Multi-Species Conservation Plan between state agencies in Nevada, California, and Arizona and federal agencies, including the Bureau of Land Management, Bureau of Reclamation, Fish and Wildlife Service, and the National Park Service.[http://www.sci.sdsu.edu/salton/LowerColoradoRiverMSCP.html MSCP History (SDSU)]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==1993==&lt;br /&gt;
*Bruce Babbitt becomes Secretary of the Interior&lt;br /&gt;
*Dan Beard becomes USBR Commissioner&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==1992==&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://www.usbr.gov/uc/legal/gcpa1992.html Grand Canyon Protection Act ] &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==1991==&lt;br /&gt;
*Interim operating criteria for Glen Canyon Dam implemented&lt;br /&gt;
*The 1990-91 Experimental Flows&lt;br /&gt;
*Razorback Sucker and Kanab Ambersnail federally listed as endangered&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==1990==&lt;br /&gt;
*Beginning of Interim Operating Criteria&lt;br /&gt;
*The 1990-91 Experimental Flows&lt;br /&gt;
*Formulative discussions on the concept of HFEs begin lead by Duncan Patton&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==1989==&lt;br /&gt;
*Manuel Lujan becomes Secretary of the Interior and orders an environmental impact statement on dam operations.&lt;br /&gt;
*National Research Council sponsors [https://www.nationalacademies.org/publications/1832 symposium] that reviews existing knowledge on Colorado River ecosystem&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==1988==&lt;br /&gt;
*Salt Lake City Area Integrated Projects(CRSP) passed after a series of public information and comment forums.&lt;br /&gt;
*Glen Canyon Environmental Studies issues [http://archive.library.nau.edu/utils/getfile/collection/cpa/id/61166/filename/61167.pdf ''Glen Canyon Environmental Studies Final Report''], completing Phase I and starting Phase II (1988-1988), which would be accelerated to support environmental impact statement process.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==1987==&lt;br /&gt;
*National Research Council completes review of Glen Canyon Environmental Studies, publishing [http://archive.org/details/riverdammanageme00unse River and Dam Management: a Review of the Bureau of Reclamation's Glen Canyon Environmental Studies]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==1986==&lt;br /&gt;
  &lt;br /&gt;
==1985==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==1984==&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://www.riversimulator.org/Resources/GCDAMP/GCDAMPchronicle/1983FloodGCDhannon.pdf The 1984 Floods]&lt;br /&gt;
*One of the last Razorback Suckers seen in Grand Canyon is caught and released at Bass Rapids&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==1983==&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://www.riversimulator.org/Resources/GCDAMP/GCDAMPchronicle/1983FloodGCDhannon.pdf The 1983 Floods]&lt;br /&gt;
*Glen Canyon Dam releases more than 92,000 cfs to stop Lake Powell from overtopping Glen Canyon Dam.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==1982==&lt;br /&gt;
*Glen Canyon Environmental Studies - Phase I (1982-1988) created to study effects of Glen Canyon Dam operations&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==1980==&lt;br /&gt;
*Lake Powell reaches full pool (3,700 ft)&lt;br /&gt;
*Bonytail chub listed as endangered&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==1979==&lt;br /&gt;
*Grand Canyon National Park designated a UNESCO World Heritage Site&lt;br /&gt;
*USBR proposes an upgrade of Glen Canyon Dam's generators&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==1978==&lt;br /&gt;
*U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service files jeopardy opinion on the effects of Glen Canyon Dam on endangered fishes&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==1975==&lt;br /&gt;
*Grand Canyon National Park Enlargement Act passed&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==1974==&lt;br /&gt;
*Colorado River Basin Salinity Control Act authorized the construction, operation, and maintenance of works in the Colorado River Basin to control the salinity of Colorado River water available for use in the United States and Mexico. Some GCDAMP stakeholders participate in the Salinity Control Forums created by the act.&lt;br /&gt;
*First Lawsuit filed over Glen Canyon Dam operations by commercial raft operators contending that the disruption of normal flows was interfering with their ability to conduct river trips.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==1973==&lt;br /&gt;
*Endangered Species Act (ESA) of 1973 passed to protect and promote the recovery of animals and plants that are in danger of becoming extinct because of the activities of people. Administered by the US Fish and Wildlife Service.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==1972==&lt;br /&gt;
*Last verified record of [https://gcdamp.com/index.php/Colorado_Pikeminnow Colorado Pikeminnow] caught in Grand Canyon at Havasu Creek&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==1971==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==1970==&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/lc/region/pao/pdfiles/opcriter.pdf Long-range Operating Criteria (LROC)] developed for Glen Canyon Dam operations&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==1969==&lt;br /&gt;
*National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA) of 1969 passed requiring Federal agencies to consider the environmental impacts of their proposed actions and reasonable alternatives to those actions.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==1968==&lt;br /&gt;
*Colorado River Basin Project Act passed&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==1967==&lt;br /&gt;
*Humpback chub and Colorado pikeminnow federally listed as endangered&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==1966==&lt;br /&gt;
*National Historic Preservation Act passed&lt;br /&gt;
*Crystal rapid forms after a large flash flood from Crystal Creek&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==1965==&lt;br /&gt;
*[[The 1965 Reservoir Equalization and Channel Cleaning Floods]]&lt;br /&gt;
*United States contract for delivery of power from the Colorado River Storage Project to customers.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==1964==&lt;br /&gt;
*U.S. Supreme Court decision in Arizona v. California confirmed apportionments of Colorado River water authorized in 1928 Boulder Canyon Project Act, including Nevada's allocation of 0.3 maf per year. The Decree in this case set many of the rules under which the river is operated.  &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==1963==&lt;br /&gt;
*Glen Canyon Dam completed as part of the Colorado River Storage Project.&lt;br /&gt;
*U.S. Supreme Court held in Arizona vs California that, as a result of the Boulder Canyon Project Act, California held an allocation of 4.4 maf, Arizona 2.8 maf, and Nevada 300,000 acre-feet of Colorado River water&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== 1956 ==&lt;br /&gt;
*Colorado River Storage Project Act passed authorizing Glen Canyon Dam&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== 1948 ==&lt;br /&gt;
*Upper Colorado River Basin Compact signed&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== 1944 ==&lt;br /&gt;
*Treaty with Mexico obligating the US to provide 1.5 maf of Colorado River water to Mexico annually&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== 1935 ==&lt;br /&gt;
*Hoover Dam completed &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== 1928 ==&lt;br /&gt;
*Boulder Canyon Project Act passed authorizing Hoover Dam.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== 1922 ==&lt;br /&gt;
*Colorado River Compact signed allocating the Colorado River water between the upper and the lower basins.  Upper basin States have the right to use 7.5 maf/yr only if that quantity is available after meeting delivery requirements of 7.5 maf/yr to the Lower basin plus the amount required to satisfy anticipated claims by Mexico.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== 1921 ==&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://www.parkerliveonline.com/2013/07/24/colorado-river-day-thursday/ Colorado River was officially re-named from the “Grand” to the “Colorado.” ] &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== 1919 ==&lt;br /&gt;
*Grand Canyon National Park created&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== 1916 ==&lt;br /&gt;
*National Park Service Organic Act passed&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== 1902 ==&lt;br /&gt;
*Reclamation Act Creates the Bureau of Reclamation&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== 1869 ==&lt;br /&gt;
*Major John Wesley Powell leads first recorded expedition to traverse Grand Canyon&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://www.azcentral.com/story/travel/local/history/2014/05/27/powells-death-defying-grand-canyon-odyssey/9596303/ Powell's death-defying Grand Canyon odyssey]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==*11,000 BP==&lt;br /&gt;
*Paleo-Indian peoples occupy Grand Canyon region&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Cellsworth</name></author>	</entry>

	<entry>
		<id>http://gcdamp.com/index.php?title=GCDAMP_History_Time-Line_-Years&amp;diff=11277</id>
		<title>GCDAMP History Time-Line -Years</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://gcdamp.com/index.php?title=GCDAMP_History_Time-Line_-Years&amp;diff=11277"/>
				<updated>2026-09-29T15:43:29Z</updated>
		
		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Cellsworth: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
__NOTOC__&lt;br /&gt;
==2027==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==2026==&lt;br /&gt;
*Start of [https://gcdamp.com/index.php/2027-2028_Operating_Guidelines 2027-2028 Operating Guidelines]&lt;br /&gt;
*Bright Angel creek floods&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==2025==&lt;br /&gt;
*The [https://gcdamp.com/index.php/The_-12_Mile_Slough -12 Mile Slough] gets renovated&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://gcdamp.com/index.php/SEIS_Bypass_Releases SEIS Bypass Releases] (CoolMix) to control smallmouth bass&lt;br /&gt;
*Dragon-Bravo fire&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==2024==&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://gcdamp.com/index.php/Humpback_Chub_Page Humpback chub] population in Grand Canyon grows to 70,000 adults (40,000–200,000; 95% credible interval) &lt;br /&gt;
*The LTEMP EIS is modified to allow for releases to control smallmouth bass and to modify the sediment accounting windows for HFEs&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://gcdamp.com/index.php/SEIS_Bypass_Releases SEIS Bypass Releases] (CoolMix) to control smallmouth bass&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==2023==&lt;br /&gt;
*[[The 2023 Spring HFE| Spring HFE: 39,500 cfs for 72h]] &lt;br /&gt;
*[https://gcdamp.com/index.php/Brown_Trout Brown trout] incentivized harvest at Lees Ferry&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==2022==&lt;br /&gt;
*Release temperatures at Glen Canyon Dam reach 20.5C with low reservoir elevations&lt;br /&gt;
*[[A 2022 Fall HFE| A Fall HFE]] was not conducted due to the discovery of [http://gcdamp.com/index.php/Smallmouth_Bass_Page smallmouth bass] in Glen Canyon (1,600,000 mt)&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://gcdamp.com/index.php/The_Bugflow_Experiment Bugflow Experiment]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://gcdamp.com/index.php/Brown_Trout Brown trout] incentivized harvest at Lees Ferry&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==2021==&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://gcdamp.com/index.php?title=Spring_Disturbance_Flow Spring Disturbance Flow]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://gcdamp.com/index.php/Brown_Trout Brown trout] incentivized harvest at Lees Ferry&lt;br /&gt;
*Andrew Schultz becomes GCMRC Chief&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==2020==&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://gcdamp.com/index.php/The_Bugflow_Experiment Bugflow Experiment]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://gcdamp.com/index.php/Brown_Trout Brown trout] incentivized harvest at Lees Ferry&lt;br /&gt;
*COVID moves all meetings for the year to remote&lt;br /&gt;
*Ed Keable becomes superintendent of Grand Canyon National Park&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==2019==&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://gcdamp.com/index.php/The_Bugflow_Experiment Bugflow Experiment]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/amwg/2019-08-21-amwg-meeting/20190821-GlenCanyonDamAdaptiveManagementProgramGuidance-508-UCRO.pdf DOI Guidance from Dr. Tim Petty]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==2018==&lt;br /&gt;
*[[The 2018 Fall HFE| Fall HFE]]: 38,100 cfs for 60h&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://gcdamp.com/index.php/The_Bugflow_Experiment Bugflow Experiment]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==2017==&lt;br /&gt;
*Ryan Zinke becomes Secretary of the Interior&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==2016==&lt;br /&gt;
*Publication of the [https://gcdamp.com/index.php/Long-term_Experimental_and_Management_Plan_(LTEMP) LTEMP EIS]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2017/1006/ofr20171006.pdf LTEMP Science Plan]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/twg/2016-10-18-twg-meeting/Attach_09b.pdf TWG Protocol Paper]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==2015==&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://gcdamp.com/index.php/Brown_Trout Brown trout] and [https://gcdamp.com/index.php/Green_Sunfish_Page green sunfish] start reproducing in Lees Ferry&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://gcdamp.com/index.php?title=GCDAMP-_HFE_2015 A 2015 Fall HFE] was canceled due to the discovery of [http://gcdamp.com/index.php?title=Green_Sunfish_Page green sunfish] in Glen Canyon (1,168,000 mt)&lt;br /&gt;
*Start of Triennial Budget and Workplans&lt;br /&gt;
*Scott VanderKooi becomes GCMRC Chief&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==2014==&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://gcdamp.com/index.php?title=GCDAMP-_HFE_2014 Fall HFE]: 37,500 cfs for 96h&lt;br /&gt;
*Galahad Point fire and flood eliminates the humpback chub translocation in Shinumo Creek&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==2013==&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://gcdamp.com/index.php?title=GCDAMP-_HFE_2013 Fall HFE]: 34,100 cfs for 96h&lt;br /&gt;
*Sally Jewell becomes Secretary of the Interior&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==2012==&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://gcdamp.com/index.php/Portal:Desired_Future_Conditions_-DFCs Development of the Desired Future Conditions (DFCs)]&lt;br /&gt;
*Publication of the [https://gcdamp.com/index.php/The_HFE_Page High Flow Experiment Protocol]&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://gcdamp.com/index.php?title=GCDAMP-_HFE_2012 Fall HFE]: 42,300 cfs for 96h (slow downramp)&lt;br /&gt;
*Razorback Sucker found in lower part of Grand Canyon- believed the fish traveled some 50 miles upstream from Lake Mead.  Last one recorded had been caught in 1990. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==2011==&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://gcdamp.com/index.php?title=Near_Shore_Ecology_(NSE)_Study Fall Steady Flow Experiment]&lt;br /&gt;
*The 2011 Equalization flows&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://gcdamp.com/index.php/Core_Monitoring_Plan Core Monitoring Plan (draft)]&lt;br /&gt;
*Start of Biennial Budget and Workplans&lt;br /&gt;
*Jack Schmidt becomes GCMRC Chief&lt;br /&gt;
*Dave Uberuaga becomes Superintendent of GCNP&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==2010==&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://gcdamp.com/index.php?title=Near_Shore_Ecology_(NSE)_Study Fall Steady Flow Experiment]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==2009==&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://gcdamp.com/index.php?title=Near_Shore_Ecology_(NSE)_Study Fall Steady Flow Experiment]&lt;br /&gt;
*Ken Salazar becomes Secretary of the Interior&lt;br /&gt;
*Anne Castle becomes Assistant Secretary for Water and Science&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==2008==&lt;br /&gt;
*USFWS Biological Opinion identifies concerns with constructing a [https://gcdamp.com/index.php/TCD_Learning_Page Temperature Control Device (TCD)] that can only release warm water&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://digitalcommons.usu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1153&amp;amp;context=govdocs Spring HFE]&lt;br /&gt;
*Grand Canyon Trust files suit against USBR, USFWS, and others contending operations at Glen Canyon Dam rand counter to their obligations to comply with the ESA, NEPA, and Administrative Policy Act&lt;br /&gt;
*GCDAMP budget was capped&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==2007==&lt;br /&gt;
*Pearce Ferry Rapid forms&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://gcdamp.com/index.php/Interim_Guidelines Beginning of Interim Guidelines for Lower Basin Shortages (2007-2027)]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://gcdamp.com/index.php/Strategic_Science_Plan Strategic Science Plan]&lt;br /&gt;
*Steve Martin becomes superintendent of GCNP&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==2006==&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://gcdamp.com/index.php/Trout_Reduction_Efforts Trout removals] from the confluence with the Little Colorado River (2003-2006)&lt;br /&gt;
*Draft Long-Term Experimental Plan Environmental Plan (LTEP)&lt;br /&gt;
*Dirk Kempthorne becomes Secretary of the Interior&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
==2005==&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://gcdamp.com/index.php/Trout_Reduction_Efforts Trout removals] from the confluence with the Little Colorado River (2003-2006)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==2004==&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://gcdamp.com/index.php/Trout_Reduction_Efforts Trout removals] from the confluence with the Little Colorado River (2003-2006)&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2011/3012/ Fall HFE]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://gcdamp.com/index.php/GCDAMP_Budget#:~:text=2004%20GCDAMP%20Goals%20and%20AMWG%20Priority%20Questions GCDAMP Goals and AMWG Priority Questions]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==2003==&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://gcdamp.com/index.php/Trout_Reduction_Efforts Trout removals] from the confluence with the Little Colorado River (2003-2006)&lt;br /&gt;
*Fluctuating trout suppression flows from January through March implemented and continued through 2005.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==2002==&lt;br /&gt;
*U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service announces recovery goals for endangered fishes of the Colorado River Basin.&lt;br /&gt;
*Adaptive Management Work Group recommends implementation of the first 2 years of an experimental design proposed by the GCMRC.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==2001==&lt;br /&gt;
*Humpback Chub population in Grand Canyon was in decline in the 1990s, and reached a low of about 5,000 adult fish&lt;br /&gt;
*Draft GCDAMP Strategic Plan for the developed by program managers.&lt;br /&gt;
*Gale Norton becomes Secretary of the Interior&lt;br /&gt;
*GCMRC moves from the office of the Assistant Secretary of the Interior to the US Geological Survey&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==2000==&lt;br /&gt;
*[[The 2000 Low Summer Steady Flow Experiment| The Low Steady Summer Flow Experiment (LSSF)]]&lt;br /&gt;
*Second and third tests of the habitat maintenance flows concept conducted in spring and summer.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==1999==&lt;br /&gt;
*AMWG Colorado River trip to develop the Vision Statement for the GCDAMP&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://gcdamp.com/images_gcdamp_com/6/62/Appendix_B_%28Guidance_Document%29_Loveless.doc Glen Canyon Dam Adaptive Management Program AMWG FACA Committee Guidance (The 1999 Loveless Document)]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==1998==&lt;br /&gt;
*GCMRC is moved from USBR to the office of the Assistant Secretary of the Department of the Interior&lt;br /&gt;
*Barry Gold becomes acting GCRMC Chief&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
==1997==&lt;br /&gt;
*AMWG and TWG fully established &lt;br /&gt;
*The AMWG held their first meeting on September 10-11, 1997, and officially formed the Glen Canyon Technical Work Group (TWG) as a subgroup to work on tasks charged to them by the AMWG.&lt;br /&gt;
*The TWG was formed to provide stakeholders with involvement in federal decisions concerning the operation of Glen Canyon Dam and Power Plant.&lt;br /&gt;
*Formation of a GCDAMP Strategic Planning Subcommittee (1997-2000)&lt;br /&gt;
*Reclamation begins a Value Planning Study for a warm-water [https://gcdamp.com/index.php/TCD_Learning_Page Temperature Control Device (TCD)]&lt;br /&gt;
*[[The 1997 Habitat Maintenance Flow (HMF)|Habitat Maintenance Flow (HMF)]]&lt;br /&gt;
*Mary Orton joins AMWG as mediator&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==1996==&lt;br /&gt;
*Record of Decision on the Operation of Glen Canyon Dam Final Environmental Impact Statement selects Modified Low Fluctuating Flows (MLFF) as the preferred alternative. &lt;br /&gt;
*[[The 1996 Spring HFE| Beach/Habitat-Building Flow (BHBF)]]&lt;br /&gt;
*Dave Garrett becomes first GCMRC Chief&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==1995==&lt;br /&gt;
*Transition Work Group to act as a bridge between GCES and GCDAMP (1995-1996)&lt;br /&gt;
*Establishment of the Grand Canyon Monitoring and Research Center (GCMRC)&lt;br /&gt;
*The Glen Canyon Dam Environmental Impact Statement as required by the Grand Canyon Protection Act is completed. &lt;br /&gt;
*The Grand Canyon National Park General Management Plan&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==1994==&lt;br /&gt;
*Programmatic Agreement on Cultural Resources signed between the State of Arizona, Department of the Interior agencies, and six tribes over protection of cultural resources in the river corridor below Glen Canyon Dam.&lt;br /&gt;
*U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service designates critical habitat for four species of endangered Colorado River fish and completes Biological Opinion outlining reasonable and prudent alternatives that must be evaluated for dam operation.&lt;br /&gt;
*Memorandum of Agreement signed for development of a Lower Colorado River Multi-Species Conservation Plan between state agencies in Nevada, California, and Arizona and federal agencies, including the Bureau of Land Management, Bureau of Reclamation, Fish and Wildlife Service, and the National Park Service.[http://www.sci.sdsu.edu/salton/LowerColoradoRiverMSCP.html MSCP History (SDSU)]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==1993==&lt;br /&gt;
*Bruce Babbitt becomes Secretary of the Interior&lt;br /&gt;
*Dan Beard becomes USBR Commissioner&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==1992==&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://www.usbr.gov/uc/legal/gcpa1992.html Grand Canyon Protection Act ] &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==1991==&lt;br /&gt;
*Interim operating criteria for Glen Canyon Dam implemented&lt;br /&gt;
*The 1990-91 Experimental Flows&lt;br /&gt;
*Razorback Sucker and Kanab Ambersnail federally listed as endangered&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==1990==&lt;br /&gt;
*Beginning of Interim Operating Criteria&lt;br /&gt;
*The 1990-91 Experimental Flows&lt;br /&gt;
*Formulative discussions on the concept of HFEs begin lead by Duncan Patton&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==1989==&lt;br /&gt;
*Manuel Lujan becomes Secretary of the Interior and orders an environmental impact statement on dam operations.&lt;br /&gt;
*National Research Council sponsors [https://www.nationalacademies.org/publications/1832 symposium] that reviews existing knowledge on Colorado River ecosystem&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==1988==&lt;br /&gt;
*Salt Lake City Area Integrated Projects(CRSP) passed after a series of public information and comment forums.&lt;br /&gt;
*Glen Canyon Environmental Studies issues [http://archive.library.nau.edu/utils/getfile/collection/cpa/id/61166/filename/61167.pdf ''Glen Canyon Environmental Studies Final Report''], completing Phase I and starting Phase II (1988-1988), which would be accelerated to support environmental impact statement process.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==1987==&lt;br /&gt;
*National Research Council completes review of Glen Canyon Environmental Studies, publishing [http://archive.org/details/riverdammanageme00unse River and Dam Management: a Review of the Bureau of Reclamation's Glen Canyon Environmental Studies]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==1986==&lt;br /&gt;
  &lt;br /&gt;
==1985==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==1984==&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://www.riversimulator.org/Resources/GCDAMP/GCDAMPchronicle/1983FloodGCDhannon.pdf The 1984 Floods]&lt;br /&gt;
*One of the last Razorback Suckers seen in Grand Canyon is caught and released at Bass Rapids&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==1983==&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://www.riversimulator.org/Resources/GCDAMP/GCDAMPchronicle/1983FloodGCDhannon.pdf The 1983 Floods]&lt;br /&gt;
*Glen Canyon Dam releases more than 92,000 cfs to stop Lake Powell from overtopping Glen Canyon Dam.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==1982==&lt;br /&gt;
*Glen Canyon Environmental Studies - Phase I (1982-1988) created to study effects of Glen Canyon Dam operations&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==1980==&lt;br /&gt;
*Lake Powell reaches full pool (3,700 ft)&lt;br /&gt;
*Bonytail chub listed as endangered&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==1979==&lt;br /&gt;
*Grand Canyon National Park designated a UNESCO World Heritage Site&lt;br /&gt;
*USBR proposes an upgrade of Glen Canyon Dam's generators&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==1978==&lt;br /&gt;
*U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service files jeopardy opinion on the effects of Glen Canyon Dam on endangered fishes&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==1975==&lt;br /&gt;
*Grand Canyon National Park Enlargement Act passed&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==1974==&lt;br /&gt;
*Colorado River Basin Salinity Control Act authorized the construction, operation, and maintenance of works in the Colorado River Basin to control the salinity of Colorado River water available for use in the United States and Mexico. Some GCDAMP stakeholders participate in the Salinity Control Forums created by the act.&lt;br /&gt;
*First Lawsuit filed over Glen Canyon Dam operations by commercial raft operators contending that the disruption of normal flows was interfering with their ability to conduct river trips.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==1973==&lt;br /&gt;
*Endangered Species Act (ESA) of 1973 passed to protect and promote the recovery of animals and plants that are in danger of becoming extinct because of the activities of people. Administered by the US Fish and Wildlife Service.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==1972==&lt;br /&gt;
*Last verified record of [https://gcdamp.com/index.php/Colorado_Pikeminnow Colorado Pikeminnow] caught in Grand Canyon at Havasu Creek&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==1971==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==1970==&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/lc/region/pao/pdfiles/opcriter.pdf Long-range Operating Criteria (LROC)] developed for Glen Canyon Dam operations&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==1969==&lt;br /&gt;
*National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA) of 1969 passed requiring Federal agencies to consider the environmental impacts of their proposed actions and reasonable alternatives to those actions.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==1968==&lt;br /&gt;
*Colorado River Basin Project Act passed&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==1967==&lt;br /&gt;
*Humpback chub and Colorado pikeminnow federally listed as endangered&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==1966==&lt;br /&gt;
*National Historic Preservation Act passed&lt;br /&gt;
*Crystal rapid forms after a large flash flood from Crystal Creek&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==1965==&lt;br /&gt;
*[[The 1965 Reservoir Equalization and Channel Cleaning Floods]]&lt;br /&gt;
*United States contract for delivery of power from the Colorado River Storage Project to customers.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==1964==&lt;br /&gt;
*U.S. Supreme Court decision in Arizona v. California confirmed apportionments of Colorado River water authorized in 1928 Boulder Canyon Project Act, including Nevada's allocation of 0.3 maf per year. The Decree in this case set many of the rules under which the river is operated.  &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==1963==&lt;br /&gt;
*Glen Canyon Dam completed as part of the Colorado River Storage Project.&lt;br /&gt;
*U.S. Supreme Court held in Arizona vs California that, as a result of the Boulder Canyon Project Act, California held an allocation of 4.4 maf, Arizona 2.8 maf, and Nevada 300,000 acre-feet of Colorado River water&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== 1956 ==&lt;br /&gt;
*Colorado River Storage Project Act passed authorizing Glen Canyon Dam&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== 1948 ==&lt;br /&gt;
*Upper Colorado River Basin Compact signed&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== 1944 ==&lt;br /&gt;
*Treaty with Mexico obligating the US to provide 1.5 maf of Colorado River water to Mexico annually&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== 1935 ==&lt;br /&gt;
*Hoover Dam completed &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== 1928 ==&lt;br /&gt;
*Boulder Canyon Project Act passed authorizing Hoover Dam.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== 1922 ==&lt;br /&gt;
*Colorado River Compact signed allocating the Colorado River water between the upper and the lower basins.  Upper basin States have the right to use 7.5 maf/yr only if that quantity is available after meeting delivery requirements of 7.5 maf/yr to the Lower basin plus the amount required to satisfy anticipated claims by Mexico.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== 1921 ==&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://www.parkerliveonline.com/2013/07/24/colorado-river-day-thursday/ Colorado River was officially re-named from the “Grand” to the “Colorado.” ] &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== 1919 ==&lt;br /&gt;
*Grand Canyon National Park created&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== 1916 ==&lt;br /&gt;
*National Park Service Organic Act passed&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== 1902 ==&lt;br /&gt;
*Reclamation Act Creates the Bureau of Reclamation&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== 1869 ==&lt;br /&gt;
*Major John Wesley Powell leads first recorded expedition to traverse Grand Canyon&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://www.azcentral.com/story/travel/local/history/2014/05/27/powells-death-defying-grand-canyon-odyssey/9596303/ Powell's death-defying Grand Canyon odyssey]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==*11,000 BP==&lt;br /&gt;
*Paleo-Indian peoples occupy Grand Canyon region&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Cellsworth</name></author>	</entry>

	<entry>
		<id>http://gcdamp.com/index.php?title=GCDAMP_History_Time-Line_-Years&amp;diff=11276</id>
		<title>GCDAMP History Time-Line -Years</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://gcdamp.com/index.php?title=GCDAMP_History_Time-Line_-Years&amp;diff=11276"/>
				<updated>2026-09-29T15:06:31Z</updated>
		
		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Cellsworth: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
__NOTOC__&lt;br /&gt;
==2027==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==2026==&lt;br /&gt;
*Start of [https://gcdamp.com/index.php/2027-2028_Operating_Guidelines 2027-2028 Operating Guidelines]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==2025==&lt;br /&gt;
*The [https://gcdamp.com/index.php/The_-12_Mile_Slough -12 Mile Slough] gets renovated&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://gcdamp.com/index.php/SEIS_Bypass_Releases SEIS Bypass Releases] (CoolMix) to control smallmouth bass&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==2024==&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://gcdamp.com/index.php/Humpback_Chub_Page Humpback chub] population in Grand Canyon grows to 70,000 adults (40,000–200,000; 95% credible interval) &lt;br /&gt;
*The LTEMP EIS is modified to allow for releases to control smallmouth bass and to modify the sediment accounting windows for HFEs&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://gcdamp.com/index.php/SEIS_Bypass_Releases SEIS Bypass Releases] (CoolMix) to control smallmouth bass&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==2023==&lt;br /&gt;
*[[The 2023 Spring HFE| Spring HFE: 39,500 cfs for 72h]] &lt;br /&gt;
*[https://gcdamp.com/index.php/Brown_Trout Brown trout] incentivized harvest at Lees Ferry&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==2022==&lt;br /&gt;
*Release temperatures at Glen Canyon Dam reach 20.5C with low reservoir elevations&lt;br /&gt;
*[[A 2022 Fall HFE| A Fall HFE]] was not conducted due to the discovery of [http://gcdamp.com/index.php/Smallmouth_Bass_Page smallmouth bass] in Glen Canyon (1,600,000 mt)&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://gcdamp.com/index.php/The_Bugflow_Experiment Bugflow Experiment]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://gcdamp.com/index.php/Brown_Trout Brown trout] incentivized harvest at Lees Ferry&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==2021==&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://gcdamp.com/index.php?title=Spring_Disturbance_Flow Spring Disturbance Flow]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://gcdamp.com/index.php/Brown_Trout Brown trout] incentivized harvest at Lees Ferry&lt;br /&gt;
*Andrew Schultz becomes GCMRC Chief&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==2020==&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://gcdamp.com/index.php/The_Bugflow_Experiment Bugflow Experiment]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://gcdamp.com/index.php/Brown_Trout Brown trout] incentivized harvest at Lees Ferry&lt;br /&gt;
*COVID moves all meetings for the year to remote&lt;br /&gt;
*Ed Keable becomes superintendent of Grand Canyon National Park&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==2019==&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://gcdamp.com/index.php/The_Bugflow_Experiment Bugflow Experiment]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/amwg/2019-08-21-amwg-meeting/20190821-GlenCanyonDamAdaptiveManagementProgramGuidance-508-UCRO.pdf DOI Guidance from Dr. Tim Petty]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==2018==&lt;br /&gt;
*[[The 2018 Fall HFE| Fall HFE]]: 38,100 cfs for 60h&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://gcdamp.com/index.php/The_Bugflow_Experiment Bugflow Experiment]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==2017==&lt;br /&gt;
*Ryan Zinke becomes Secretary of the Interior&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==2016==&lt;br /&gt;
*Publication of the [https://gcdamp.com/index.php/Long-term_Experimental_and_Management_Plan_(LTEMP) LTEMP EIS]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2017/1006/ofr20171006.pdf LTEMP Science Plan]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/twg/2016-10-18-twg-meeting/Attach_09b.pdf TWG Protocol Paper]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==2015==&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://gcdamp.com/index.php/Brown_Trout Brown trout] and [https://gcdamp.com/index.php/Green_Sunfish_Page green sunfish] start reproducing in Lees Ferry&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://gcdamp.com/index.php?title=GCDAMP-_HFE_2015 A 2015 Fall HFE] was canceled due to the discovery of [http://gcdamp.com/index.php?title=Green_Sunfish_Page green sunfish] in Glen Canyon (1,168,000 mt)&lt;br /&gt;
*Start of Triennial Budget and Workplans&lt;br /&gt;
*Scott VanderKooi becomes GCMRC Chief&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==2014==&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://gcdamp.com/index.php?title=GCDAMP-_HFE_2014 Fall HFE]: 37,500 cfs for 96h&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==2013==&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://gcdamp.com/index.php?title=GCDAMP-_HFE_2013 Fall HFE]: 34,100 cfs for 96h&lt;br /&gt;
*Sally Jewell becomes Secretary of the Interior&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==2012==&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://gcdamp.com/index.php/Portal:Desired_Future_Conditions_-DFCs Development of the Desired Future Conditions (DFCs)]&lt;br /&gt;
*Publication of the [https://gcdamp.com/index.php/The_HFE_Page High Flow Experiment Protocol]&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://gcdamp.com/index.php?title=GCDAMP-_HFE_2012 Fall HFE]: 42,300 cfs for 96h (slow downramp)&lt;br /&gt;
*Razorback Sucker found in lower part of Grand Canyon- believed the fish traveled some 50 miles upstream from Lake Mead.  Last one recorded had been caught in 1990. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==2011==&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://gcdamp.com/index.php?title=Near_Shore_Ecology_(NSE)_Study Fall Steady Flow Experiment]&lt;br /&gt;
*The 2011 Equalization flows&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://gcdamp.com/index.php/Core_Monitoring_Plan Core Monitoring Plan (draft)]&lt;br /&gt;
*Start of Biennial Budget and Workplans&lt;br /&gt;
*Jack Schmidt becomes GCMRC Chief&lt;br /&gt;
*Dave Uberuaga becomes Superintendent of GCNP&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==2010==&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://gcdamp.com/index.php?title=Near_Shore_Ecology_(NSE)_Study Fall Steady Flow Experiment]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==2009==&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://gcdamp.com/index.php?title=Near_Shore_Ecology_(NSE)_Study Fall Steady Flow Experiment]&lt;br /&gt;
*Ken Salazar becomes Secretary of the Interior&lt;br /&gt;
*Anne Castle becomes Assistant Secretary for Water and Science&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==2008==&lt;br /&gt;
*USFWS Biological Opinion identifies concerns with constructing a [https://gcdamp.com/index.php/TCD_Learning_Page Temperature Control Device (TCD)] that can only release warm water&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://digitalcommons.usu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1153&amp;amp;context=govdocs Spring HFE]&lt;br /&gt;
*Grand Canyon Trust files suit against USBR, USFWS, and others contending operations at Glen Canyon Dam rand counter to their obligations to comply with the ESA, NEPA, and Administrative Policy Act&lt;br /&gt;
*GCDAMP budget was capped&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==2007==&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://gcdamp.com/index.php/Interim_Guidelines Beginning of Interim Guidelines for Lower Basin Shortages (2007-2027)]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://gcdamp.com/index.php/Strategic_Science_Plan Strategic Science Plan]&lt;br /&gt;
*Steve Martin becomes superintendent of GCNP&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==2006==&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://gcdamp.com/index.php/Trout_Reduction_Efforts Trout removals] from the confluence with the Little Colorado River&lt;br /&gt;
*Long-Term Experimental Plan Environmental Plan (LTEP)&lt;br /&gt;
*Dirk Kempthorne becomes Secretary of the Interior&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
==2005==&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://gcdamp.com/index.php/Trout_Reduction_Efforts Trout removals] from the confluence with the Little Colorado River&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==2004==&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://gcdamp.com/index.php/Trout_Reduction_Efforts Trout removals] from the confluence with the Little Colorado River&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2011/3012/ Fall HFE]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://gcdamp.com/index.php/GCDAMP_Budget#:~:text=2004%20GCDAMP%20Goals%20and%20AMWG%20Priority%20Questions GCDAMP Goals and AMWG Priority Questions]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==2003==&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://gcdamp.com/index.php/Trout_Reduction_Efforts Trout removals] from the confluence with the Little Colorado River&lt;br /&gt;
*Fluctuating trout suppression flows from January through March implemented and continued through 2005.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==2002==&lt;br /&gt;
*U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service announces recovery goals for endangered fishes of the Colorado River Basin.&lt;br /&gt;
*Adaptive Management Work Group recommends implementation of the first 2 years of an experimental design proposed by the GCMRC.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==2001==&lt;br /&gt;
*Humpback Chub population in Grand Canyon was in decline in the 1990s, and reached a low of about 5,000 adult fish&lt;br /&gt;
*Draft GCDAMP Strategic Plan for the developed by program managers.&lt;br /&gt;
*Gale Norton becomes Secretary of the Interior&lt;br /&gt;
*GCMRC moves from the office of the Assistant Secretary of the Interior to the US Geological Survey&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==2000==&lt;br /&gt;
*[[The 2000 Low Summer Steady Flow Experiment| The Low Steady Summer Flow Experiment (LSSF)]]&lt;br /&gt;
*Second and third tests of the habitat maintenance flows concept conducted in spring and summer.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==1999==&lt;br /&gt;
*AMWG Colorado River trip to develop the Vision Statement for the GCDAMP&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://gcdamp.com/images_gcdamp_com/6/62/Appendix_B_%28Guidance_Document%29_Loveless.doc Glen Canyon Dam Adaptive Management Program AMWG FACA Committee Guidance (The 1999 Loveless Document)]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==1998==&lt;br /&gt;
*GCMRC is moved from USBR to the office of the Assistant Secretary of the Department of the Interior&lt;br /&gt;
*Barry Gold becomes acting GCRMC Chief&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
==1997==&lt;br /&gt;
*AMWG and TWG fully established &lt;br /&gt;
*The AMWG held their first meeting on September 10-11, 1997, and officially formed the Glen Canyon Technical Work Group (TWG) as a subgroup to work on tasks charged to them by the AMWG.&lt;br /&gt;
*The TWG was formed to provide stakeholders with involvement in federal decisions concerning the operation of Glen Canyon Dam and Power Plant.&lt;br /&gt;
*Formation of a GCDAMP Strategic Planning Subcommittee (1997-2000)&lt;br /&gt;
*Reclamation begins a Value Planning Study for a warm-water [https://gcdamp.com/index.php/TCD_Learning_Page Temperature Control Device (TCD)]&lt;br /&gt;
*[[The 1997 Habitat Maintenance Flow (HMF)|Habitat Maintenance Flow (HMF)]]&lt;br /&gt;
*Mary Orton joins AMWG as mediator&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==1996==&lt;br /&gt;
*Record of Decision on the Operation of Glen Canyon Dam Final Environmental Impact Statement selects Modified Low Fluctuating Flows (MLFF) as the preferred alternative. &lt;br /&gt;
*[[The 1996 Spring HFE| Beach/Habitat-Building Flow (BHBF)]]&lt;br /&gt;
*Dave Garrett becomes first GCMRC Chief&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==1995==&lt;br /&gt;
*Transition Work Group to act as a bridge between GCES and GCDAMP (1995-1996)&lt;br /&gt;
*Establishment of the Grand Canyon Monitoring and Research Center (GCMRC)&lt;br /&gt;
*The Glen Canyon Dam Environmental Impact Statement as required by the Grand Canyon Protection Act is completed. &lt;br /&gt;
*The Grand Canyon National Park General Management Plan&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==1994==&lt;br /&gt;
*Programmatic Agreement on Cultural Resources signed between the State of Arizona, Department of the Interior agencies, and six tribes over protection of cultural resources in the river corridor below Glen Canyon Dam.&lt;br /&gt;
*U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service designates critical habitat for four species of endangered Colorado River fish and completes Biological Opinion outlining reasonable and prudent alternatives that must be evaluated for dam operation.&lt;br /&gt;
*Memorandum of Agreement signed for development of a Lower Colorado River Multi-Species Conservation Plan between state agencies in Nevada, California, and Arizona and federal agencies, including the Bureau of Land Management, Bureau of Reclamation, Fish and Wildlife Service, and the National Park Service.[http://www.sci.sdsu.edu/salton/LowerColoradoRiverMSCP.html MSCP History (SDSU)]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==1993==&lt;br /&gt;
*Bruce Babbitt becomes Secretary of the Interior&lt;br /&gt;
*Dan Beard becomes USBR Commissioner&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==1992==&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://www.usbr.gov/uc/legal/gcpa1992.html Grand Canyon Protection Act ] &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==1991==&lt;br /&gt;
*Interim operating criteria for Glen Canyon Dam implemented&lt;br /&gt;
*The 1990-91 Experimental Flows&lt;br /&gt;
*Razorback Sucker and Kanab Ambersnail federally listed as endangered&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==1990==&lt;br /&gt;
*Beginning of Interim Operating Criteria&lt;br /&gt;
*The 1990-91 Experimental Flows&lt;br /&gt;
*Formulative discussions on the concept of HFEs begin lead by Duncan Patton&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==1989==&lt;br /&gt;
*Manuel Lujan becomes Secretary of the Interior and orders an environmental impact statement on dam operations.&lt;br /&gt;
*National Research Council sponsors [https://www.nationalacademies.org/publications/1832 symposium] that reviews existing knowledge on Colorado River ecosystem&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==1988==&lt;br /&gt;
*Salt Lake City Area Integrated Projects(CRSP) passed after a series of public information and comment forums.&lt;br /&gt;
*Glen Canyon Environmental Studies issues [http://archive.library.nau.edu/utils/getfile/collection/cpa/id/61166/filename/61167.pdf ''Glen Canyon Environmental Studies Final Report''], completing Phase I and starting Phase II (1988-1988), which would be accelerated to support environmental impact statement process.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==1987==&lt;br /&gt;
*National Research Council completes review of Glen Canyon Environmental Studies, publishing [http://archive.org/details/riverdammanageme00unse River and Dam Management: a Review of the Bureau of Reclamation's Glen Canyon Environmental Studies]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==1986==&lt;br /&gt;
  &lt;br /&gt;
==1985==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==1984==&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://www.riversimulator.org/Resources/GCDAMP/GCDAMPchronicle/1983FloodGCDhannon.pdf The 1984 Floods]&lt;br /&gt;
*One of the last Razorback Suckers seen in Grand Canyon is caught and released at Bass Rapids&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==1983==&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://www.riversimulator.org/Resources/GCDAMP/GCDAMPchronicle/1983FloodGCDhannon.pdf The 1983 Floods]&lt;br /&gt;
*Glen Canyon Dam releases more than 92,000 cfs to stop Lake Powell from overtopping Glen Canyon Dam.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==1982==&lt;br /&gt;
*Glen Canyon Environmental Studies - Phase I (1982-1988) created to study effects of Glen Canyon Dam operations&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==1980==&lt;br /&gt;
*Lake Powell reaches full pool (3,700 ft)&lt;br /&gt;
*Bonytail chub listed as endangered&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==1979==&lt;br /&gt;
*Grand Canyon National Park designated a UNESCO World Heritage Site&lt;br /&gt;
*USBR proposes an upgrade of Glen Canyon Dam's generators&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==1978==&lt;br /&gt;
*U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service files jeopardy opinion on the effects of Glen Canyon Dam on endangered fishes&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==1975==&lt;br /&gt;
*Grand Canyon National Park Enlargement Act passed&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==1974==&lt;br /&gt;
*Colorado River Basin Salinity Control Act authorized the construction, operation, and maintenance of works in the Colorado River Basin to control the salinity of Colorado River water available for use in the United States and Mexico. Some GCDAMP stakeholders participate in the Salinity Control Forums created by the act.&lt;br /&gt;
*First Lawsuit filed over Glen Canyon Dam operations by commercial raft operators contending that the disruption of normal flows was interfering with their ability to conduct river trips.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==1973==&lt;br /&gt;
*Endangered Species Act (ESA) of 1973 passed to protect and promote the recovery of animals and plants that are in danger of becoming extinct because of the activities of people. Administered by the US Fish and Wildlife Service.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==1972==&lt;br /&gt;
*Last verified record of [https://gcdamp.com/index.php/Colorado_Pikeminnow Colorado Pikeminnow] caught in Grand Canyon at Havasu Creek&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==1971==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==1970==&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/lc/region/pao/pdfiles/opcriter.pdf Long-range Operating Criteria (LROC)] developed for Glen Canyon Dam operations&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==1969==&lt;br /&gt;
*National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA) of 1969 passed requiring Federal agencies to consider the environmental impacts of their proposed actions and reasonable alternatives to those actions.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==1968==&lt;br /&gt;
*Colorado River Basin Project Act passed&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==1967==&lt;br /&gt;
*Humpback chub and Colorado pikeminnow federally listed as endangered&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==1966==&lt;br /&gt;
*National Historic Preservation Act passed&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==1965==&lt;br /&gt;
*[[The 1965 Reservoir Equalization and Channel Cleaning Floods]]&lt;br /&gt;
*United States contract for delivery of power from the Colorado River Storage Project to customers.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==1964==&lt;br /&gt;
*U.S. Supreme Court decision in Arizona v. California confirmed apportionments of Colorado River water authorized in 1928 Boulder Canyon Project Act, including Nevada's allocation of 0.3 maf per year. The Decree in this case set many of the rules under which the river is operated.  &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==1963==&lt;br /&gt;
*Glen Canyon Dam completed as part of the Colorado River Storage Project.&lt;br /&gt;
*U.S. Supreme Court held in Arizona vs California that, as a result of the Boulder Canyon Project Act, California held an allocation of 4.4 maf, Arizona 2.8 maf, and Nevada 300,000 acre-feet of Colorado River water&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== 1956 ==&lt;br /&gt;
*Colorado River Storage Project Act passed authorizing Glen Canyon Dam&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== 1948 ==&lt;br /&gt;
*Upper Colorado River Basin Compact signed&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== 1944 ==&lt;br /&gt;
*Treaty with Mexico obligating the US to provide 1.5 maf of Colorado River water to Mexico annually&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== 1935 ==&lt;br /&gt;
*Hoover Dam completed &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== 1928 ==&lt;br /&gt;
*Boulder Canyon Project Act passed authorizing Hoover Dam.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== 1922 ==&lt;br /&gt;
*Colorado River Compact signed allocating the Colorado River water between the upper and the lower basins.  Upper basin States have the right to use 7.5 maf/yr only if that quantity is available after meeting delivery requirements of 7.5 maf/yr to the Lower basin plus the amount required to satisfy anticipated claims by Mexico.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== 1921 ==&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://www.parkerliveonline.com/2013/07/24/colorado-river-day-thursday/ Colorado River was officially re-named from the “Grand” to the “Colorado.” ] &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== 1919 ==&lt;br /&gt;
*Grand Canyon National Park created&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== 1916 ==&lt;br /&gt;
*National Park Service Organic Act passed&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== 1902 ==&lt;br /&gt;
*Reclamation Act Creates the Bureau of Reclamation&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== 1869 ==&lt;br /&gt;
*Major John Wesley Powell leads first recorded expedition to traverse Grand Canyon&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://www.azcentral.com/story/travel/local/history/2014/05/27/powells-death-defying-grand-canyon-odyssey/9596303/ Powell's death-defying Grand Canyon odyssey]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==*11,000 BP==&lt;br /&gt;
*Paleo-Indian peoples occupy Grand Canyon region&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Cellsworth</name></author>	</entry>

	<entry>
		<id>http://gcdamp.com/index.php?title=Glen_Canyon_Dam_Adaptive_Management_ADMINISTRATIVE_HISTORY&amp;diff=11275</id>
		<title>Glen Canyon Dam Adaptive Management ADMINISTRATIVE HISTORY</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://gcdamp.com/index.php?title=Glen_Canyon_Dam_Adaptive_Management_ADMINISTRATIVE_HISTORY&amp;diff=11275"/>
				<updated>2026-09-29T01:17:16Z</updated>
		
		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Cellsworth: &lt;/p&gt;
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==[[GCDAMP Strategic Plan| '''History of the Glen Canyon Dam Adaptive Management Program''']]==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The Secretary of the Interior Bruce Babbitt, created the Glen Canyon Dam Adaptive Management Program (GCDAMP) in response to the 1995 Environmental Impact Statement on the Operations of Glen Canyon Dam. The GCDAMP is responsible for implementation of the Grand Canyon Protection Act of 1992, to monitor the operation of Glen Canyon Dam, to ensure the dam is operated in compliance with a range of laws and regulations and mitigate any significant environmental impacts. [https://gcdamphistory.org/about/what-is-gcdamp/]&lt;br /&gt;
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{|width=&amp;quot;100%&amp;quot; cellpadding=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; cellspacing=&amp;quot;5&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;vertical-align:top; background:#f5faff;&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
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==[[GCDAMP History Time-Line -Years|=&amp;gt; Click here to see the Expanded GCDAMP History Timeline &amp;lt;=]]==&lt;br /&gt;
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==Glen Canyon Environmental Studies - Phase I (1982-1988)==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Phase I of the Glen Canyon Environmental Studies (GCES), conducted from 1982 to 1988, was a major scientific research program launched by the U.S. Bureau of Reclamation to evaluate how dam operations affected the downstream ecosystem of the Colorado River.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
*Purpose: Assess the short- and long-term impacts of Glen Canyon Dam operations on downstream resources, including vegetation, wildlife, fisheries, recreation, and sand beaches.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
*Main Findings: Scientists discovered that rapid daily water fluctuations and high-volume releases from the dam were causing significant damage to downstream environments, native habitats, and cultural resources.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
*Conclusion and Next Steps: Phase I concluded in 1988 with a final report. The alarming evidence gathered directly triggered Phase II in 1989 and forced the Secretary of the Interior to order a comprehensive Environmental Impact Statement (EIS) to reform dam management.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Glen Canyon Environmental Studies - Phase II (1988-1988)==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The Glen Canyon Environmental Studies (GCES) Phase II was a major scientific research program conducted in the 1990s to evaluate how the operations of Glen Canyon Dam affected the downstream ecosystem of the Colorado River through Glen and Grand Canyons.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
*Purpose: Launched by the Bureau of Reclamation following Phase I, Phase II gathered comprehensive data to understand the physical, chemical, and biological impacts of dam releases (such as fluctuating flows for power generation) on beaches, native fish, and cultural resources.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
*Scientific Integration: It integrated diverse scientific disciplines—including hydrology, sediment transport, aquatic ecology, and terrestrial biology—to create experimental high flows and steady flow tests.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
*Legacy and Outcome: The extensive data and environmental assessments produced during Phase II directly provided the scientific foundation for the 1996 Glen Canyon Dam Environmental Impact Statement (EIS) and the subsequent establishment of the Glen Canyon Dam Adaptive Management Program (GCDAMP).&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==National Research Council workshop on Colorado River (1989)==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
In 1989, the National Research Council (NRC) sponsored a pivotal symposium/workshop that reviewed existing scientific knowledge on the Colorado River ecosystem.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''Context and Core Focus'''&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
This workshop was a critical milestone in the history of the Glen Canyon Dam Adaptive Management Program (GCDAMP). Prior to this, Phase I of the Glen Canyon Environmental Studies (GCES) (spanning 1982–1988) had revealed that the daily fluctuating water releases from the Glen Canyon Dam were causing significant degradation downstream. This included the erosion of sandbars used for campsites and the destruction of critical habitats for native and endangered fish in the Grand Canyon.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The 1989 NRC workshop brought together scientists, resource managers, and policymakers to synthesize what was known about these human-induced ecological impacts.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''Historical Significance &amp;amp; Outcomes'''&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
*Catalyst for Policy Change: The symposium coincided with a major turning point. In July 1989, Secretary of the Interior Manuel Lujan used these compounding scientific concerns to formally order a comprehensive Environmental Impact Statement (EIS) on Glen Canyon Dam operations. This marked the first time a retroactive EIS was mandated for an active, major federal dam.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
*Transition to Phase II: The workshop helped structure the scientific hypotheses for Phase II of the GCES (1989–1996), shifting the focus toward integrated ecosystem modeling and formal adaptive management.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
*Subsequent Publication: The findings and reviews initiated around this period culminated in the landmark NRC report, [https://www.nationalacademies.org/publications/1832 Colorado River Ecology and Dam Management], published in 1990.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Formative discussions on the concept for HFEs (1990-1995)==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
High Flow Experimental Releases (HFEs) refer to controlled, high-volume water releases from dams designed to mimic natural floods and rebuild ecological habitats.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The Concept: Between 1990 and 1995, scientists associated with pioneering ecologist Duncan Patten engaged in highly controversial &amp;quot;formative discussions&amp;quot; about the concept of controlled flooding.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The Debate: At the time, major federal water agencies and traditional engineers were deeply wary of intentionally flooding river systems. These early 1990s discussions served to lay the scientific groundwork for changing dam discharge patterns.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The Result: This period directly led to the implementation of interim operating criteria at major sites like the Glen Canyon Dam, culminating in the first historic, massive test of an environmental HFE in the Grand Canyon in 1996.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Beginning of Interim Operating Criteria (1991)==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The interim operating criteria for Glen Canyon Dam officially began implementation in August 1991, following an initial testing period and a formal Interagency Agreement.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
*Testing Phase: Tested by the Bureau of Reclamation between August 1 and October 31, 1991, to evaluate research flows and downstream ecological data.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
*Interagency Agreement: Formalized via an agreement executed between the Bureau of Reclamation and the Western Area Power Administration (WAPA) on October 2, 1991 (with exception criteria detailed further on October 21, 1991).&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
*Operational Flexibility: Allowed WAPA a 10% fluctuation buffer around operational constraints to manage electrical control areas while accommodating downramp limits.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
*Environmental Context: Preceded the landmark Grand Canyon Protection Act of 1992, which legally mandated protecting downstream resources in Grand Canyon National Park and Glen Canyon National Recreation Area.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==[https://gcdamp.com/index.php/Grand_Canyon_Protection_Act Grand Canyon Protection Act (1992)]==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The Grand Canyon Protection Act of 1992 directed the Secretary of the Interior to manage the Glen Canyon Dam to protect downstream environmental, cultural, and recreational resources in the Grand Canyon.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''Key Provisions'''&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
*Dam Operations: Required the Bureau of Reclamation to operate Glen Canyon Dam in a way that mitigates adverse impacts on natural and cultural resources and visitor use in a manner fully consistent with and subject to the Law of the River.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
*Water Priority: Made environmental protection subordinate to the primary water storage and delivery functions of the Colorado River Compact.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
*Environmental Impact Statement (EIS): Mandated a comprehensive EIS on dam operations, leading to a 1996 Record of Decision.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
*Long-Term Monitoring: Ordered the establishment of long-term monitoring programs and adaptive management to continually evaluate downstream ecosystem health.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Glen Canyon Dam Environmental Impact Statement (1995)==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The Glen Canyon Dam Environmental Impact Statement (Reclamation 1995) was completed in&lt;br /&gt;
March 1995. Its purpose was to “determine specific options that could be implemented to&lt;br /&gt;
minimize—consistent with law—adverse impacts on the downstream environmental and cultural&lt;br /&gt;
resources and Native American interests in Glen and Grand Canyons.” The Glen Canyon Dam &lt;br /&gt;
Environmental Impact Statement analyzed nine alternatives to allow the Secretary of the Interior&lt;br /&gt;
to balance competing interests and to meet statutory responsibilities for protecting downstream&lt;br /&gt;
resources and producing hydropower, and to protect affected Native American interests. The&lt;br /&gt;
preferred alternative was the Modified Low Fluctuating Flow Alternative.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Establishment of the Grand Canyon Monitoring and Research Center (1995)==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The Grand Canyon Monitoring and Research Center (GCMRC) was officially established in November 1995 to measure how Glen Canyon Dam operations affect natural, physical, biological, and cultural resources along the Colorado River.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Legislative Mandate: Created to fulfill the long-term monitoring and research requirements of the Grand Canyon Protection Act of 1992.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Core Mission: Ensure that Glen Canyon Dam operates in a way that protects and improves the values of Grand Canyon National Park and Glen Canyon National Recreation Area.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Program Integration: Absorbed the earlier Glen Canyon Environmental Studies program and became the main science provider for the Glen Canyon Dam Adaptive Management Program (GCDAMP).&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Transition Work Group (1995-1996)==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The informal group was assembled to act as a bridge between GCES and GCDAMP personnel and methods. It was comprised mostly of soon-to-be GCDAMP stakeholders.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Record of Decision on the Operation of Glen Canyon Dam (1996)==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
On October 9, 1996, the Secretary of the Interior signed the Record of Decision that presented&lt;br /&gt;
the rationale for choosing the Modified Low Fluctuating Flow Alternative. As noted in the Record of Decision:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The goal of selecting a preferred alternative was not to maximize benefits for the most&lt;br /&gt;
resources, but rather to find an alternative dam operating plan that would permit recovery&lt;br /&gt;
and long-term sustainability of downstream resources while limiting hydropower&lt;br /&gt;
capability and flexibility only to the extent necessary to achieve recovery and long-term&lt;br /&gt;
sustainability. [Reclamation 1996:10]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The Record of Decision (Appendix G) included seven environmental and monitoring&lt;br /&gt;
commitments:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* Adaptive Management&lt;br /&gt;
* Monitoring and Protection of Cultural Resources&lt;br /&gt;
* Flood Frequency Reduction Measures&lt;br /&gt;
* Beach/Habitat-Building Flows&lt;br /&gt;
* New Population of Humpback Chub&lt;br /&gt;
* Further Study of Selective Withdrawal&lt;br /&gt;
* Emergency Exception Criteria&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The commitments are explained in detail in the Record of Decision (Reclamation 1996;&lt;br /&gt;
Appendix G) and in the Glen Canyon Dam Environmental Impact Statement (Reclamation&lt;br /&gt;
1995:33-34); however, it should be noted that subsequent work of the Technical Work Group&lt;br /&gt;
and Adaptive Management Work Group have altered some commitments (Technical Work&lt;br /&gt;
Group 1998) with Endangered Species Act and National Environmental Policy Act compliance.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Strategic Planning Subcommittee (1997-2000)==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Formed at the behest of SOI Bruce Babbitt for the transition from GCES to GCDAMP/AMWG. There were seven members, representing recreation, environmental, tribal, hydropower and Department of the Interior interests. According to Andre Potochnik, it was this group that took the Colorado River trip described in detail by Mary Orton (see 1999, below).&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==AMWG and TWG fully established (1997)==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
In 1997 Secretary of Interior Bruce Babbitt established the Glen Canyon Dam Adaptive Management Work Group (AMWG) as a formal Federal Advisory Committee, under the authority and guidelines of the Federal Advisory Committee Act of 1972. The purpose of AMWG was to monitor implementation of the ROD, provide recommendations to the Secretary regarding its effectiveness, and recommend science-based adjustments to the operation of Glen Canyon Dam to better achieve restoration and maintenance of downstream resources. AMWG held its first meeting on September 10-11, 1997, and officially formed the Glen Canyon Technical Work Group (TWG) as a subgroup to work on tasks charged to them by the AMWG.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==AMWG Colorado River trip (1999)==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
As described in Mary Orton’s oral history interview, this trip through Grand Canyon helped soothe contention among AMWG stakeholders, who had not been working together for very long, and resulted in a Vision Statement for the group. Most oral history interviewees involved in GCDAMP at the time have shared a recollection of the trip or its impact on the program.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Publication of first GCDAMP Strategic Plan (2001)==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
“This strategic plan is a guidance document for the Glen Canyon Dam Adaptive Management Program and was developed by program members. Elements of this plan include the Glen Canyon Dam Adaptive Management Work Group’s vision and mission statements, as well as principles, goals, and management objectives.” (From the Foreword to the Stategic Plan)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Experimental design initiated (2002)==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Adaptive Management Work Group recommends implementation of the first 2 years of an experimental design proposed by the GCMRC.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Experimental fish programs launched (2003)==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Experiment begun to remove nonnative fish from the Colorado River in Grand Canyon. Fluctuating nonnative fish suppression releases from January through March implemented and continued through 2005.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==[http://www.riversimulator.org/Resources/Legal/GCD/ReclamationLTEPwebPage.pdf Long-Term Experimental Plan Environmental Plan (2006)] ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The Long-Term Experimental Plan Environmental Impact Statement (LTEP&lt;br /&gt;
EIS) was begun in late 2006 to address flow and non-flow actions in the&lt;br /&gt;
Colorado River below Glen Canyon Dam. The Bureau of Reclamation&lt;br /&gt;
completed public scoping for the proposed action in January 2007 and&lt;br /&gt;
issued a scoping report in March 2007. Multiple factors, including&lt;br /&gt;
extraordinarily large sediment inputs from tributaries, new information on&lt;br /&gt;
the endangered humpback chub population, and litigation, have led to a&lt;br /&gt;
temporary suspension of work on the LTEP EIS, and instead a primary&lt;br /&gt;
focus on Endangered Species Act and National Environmental Policy Act&lt;br /&gt;
compliance on a five-year plan of experimental flows, including a high-flow&lt;br /&gt;
test that was completed in early March 2008.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==The High Flow Experiment Protocol (2012)==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
“Secretary of the Interior Ken Salazar triggered the first release under the experimental long-term protocol in November 2012. The protocol calls for conducting more frequent high-flow experimental releases and timing them to occur following sediment inputs to the Colorado River downstream from Glen Canyon Dam.” &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==LTEMP EIS (2016)==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
LTEMP “provides the basis for decisions that identify management actions and experimental options that will provide a framework for adaptively managing Glen Canyon Dam operations over the next 20 years.”&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
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*[http://gcdamphistory.org GCDAMP Administrative History website]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://gcdamphistory.org/about/new-member-orientation/ New Member Orientation]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://gcdamphistory.org/archive/key-readings/ Key Readings]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://gcdamphistory.org/archive/oral-histories/ Oral Histories]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://gcdamphistory.org/history/historical-timeline/ Historical Timeline]&lt;br /&gt;
*[[GCDAMP AHAHG Page| Administrative History Ad-Hoc Group (AHAHG) page]]&lt;br /&gt;
*[[GCES Documents| GCES Documents]]&lt;br /&gt;
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==GCDAMP Wiki==&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://gcdamp.com/index.php?title=GCDAMP_WIKI_Overview_Questions Link to information on the GCDAMP Wiki]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==GCDAMP Administrative History Project==&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://gcdamp.com/index.php?title=BIO_Pages Bio Pages for GCDAMP Stakeholders and their Representatives]&lt;br /&gt;
*[[GCDAMP Representatives- History|  GCDAMP Representatives- History]]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.dropbox.com/sh/o1luou2q20bkwz3/AAD_ugRuHF7BtpOdZtkLTpjXa?dl=0 Interviews dropbox: Mary Orton, Larry Stevens, Cliff Barrett and Dave Wegner]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Interviews===&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://gcdamp.com/index.php?title=Cliff_Barrett-_BIO_PAGE Cliff Barrett]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
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'''2020'''&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/twg/2020-04-15-twg-meeting/20200415-AdministrativeHistoryProjectProgressUpdate-Presentation-508-UCRO.pdf Administrative History Project – Progress Update ]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''2019'''&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/amwg/2019-03-06-amwg-meeting/20190306-AdministrativeHistoryUpdate-Presentation-508-UCRO.pdf Administrative History Project Update Presentation]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''2018'''&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/rm/amp/amwg/mtgs/18feb14/Attach_13.pdf GCDAMP Administrative History Project PPT]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''2017'''&lt;br /&gt;
*[[Media:GCDAMP Administrative History Project Year 1 Report.pdf| First Year Report and Strategic Plan for GCDAMP administrative history]]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/rm/amp/amwg/mtgs/17feb15/AIF%20Admin%20History.pdf GCDAMP Administrative History Project Update ]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/rm/amp/amwg/mtgs/17feb15/Wiki%20Report.pdf GCDAMP Wiki Update ]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''2016'''&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://www.usbr.gov/uc/rm/amp/twg/mtgs/16oct18/Attach_03.pdf Wiki ppt]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
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&amp;lt;Span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/Span&amp;gt;&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Cellsworth</name></author>	</entry>

	<entry>
		<id>http://gcdamp.com/index.php?title=Glen_Canyon_Dam_Adaptive_Management_ADMINISTRATIVE_HISTORY&amp;diff=11274</id>
		<title>Glen Canyon Dam Adaptive Management ADMINISTRATIVE HISTORY</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://gcdamp.com/index.php?title=Glen_Canyon_Dam_Adaptive_Management_ADMINISTRATIVE_HISTORY&amp;diff=11274"/>
				<updated>2026-09-29T01:16:13Z</updated>
		
		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Cellsworth: &lt;/p&gt;
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==[[GCDAMP Strategic Plan| '''History of the Glen Canyon Dam Adaptive Management Program''']]==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The Secretary of the Interior Bruce Babbitt, created the Glen Canyon Dam Adaptive Management Program (GCDAMP) in response to the 1995 Environmental Impact Statement on the Operations of Glen Canyon Dam. The GCDAMP is responsible for implementation of the Grand Canyon Protection Act of 1992, to monitor the operation of Glen Canyon Dam, to ensure the dam is operated in compliance with a range of laws and regulations and mitigate any significant environmental impacts. [https://gcdamphistory.org/about/what-is-gcdamp/]&lt;br /&gt;
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==Glen Canyon Environmental Studies - Phase I (1982-1988)==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Phase I of the Glen Canyon Environmental Studies (GCES), conducted from 1982 to 1988, was a major scientific research program launched by the U.S. Bureau of Reclamation to evaluate how dam operations affected the downstream ecosystem of the Colorado River.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
*Purpose: Assess the short- and long-term impacts of Glen Canyon Dam operations on downstream resources, including vegetation, wildlife, fisheries, recreation, and sand beaches.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
*Main Findings: Scientists discovered that rapid daily water fluctuations and high-volume releases from the dam were causing significant damage to downstream environments, native habitats, and cultural resources.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
*Conclusion and Next Steps: Phase I concluded in 1988 with a final report. The alarming evidence gathered directly triggered Phase II in 1989 and forced the Secretary of the Interior to order a comprehensive Environmental Impact Statement (EIS) to reform dam management.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Glen Canyon Environmental Studies - Phase II (1988-1988)==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The Glen Canyon Environmental Studies (GCES) Phase II was a major scientific research program conducted in the 1990s to evaluate how the operations of Glen Canyon Dam affected the downstream ecosystem of the Colorado River through Glen and Grand Canyons.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
*Purpose: Launched by the Bureau of Reclamation following Phase I, Phase II gathered comprehensive data to understand the physical, chemical, and biological impacts of dam releases (such as fluctuating flows for power generation) on beaches, native fish, and cultural resources.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
*Scientific Integration: It integrated diverse scientific disciplines—including hydrology, sediment transport, aquatic ecology, and terrestrial biology—to create experimental high flows and steady flow tests.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
*Legacy and Outcome: The extensive data and environmental assessments produced during Phase II directly provided the scientific foundation for the 1996 Glen Canyon Dam Environmental Impact Statement (EIS) and the subsequent establishment of the Glen Canyon Dam Adaptive Management Program (GCDAMP).&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==National Research Council workshop on Colorado River (1989)==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
In 1989, the National Research Council (NRC) sponsored a pivotal symposium/workshop that reviewed existing scientific knowledge on the Colorado River ecosystem.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''Context and Core Focus'''&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
This workshop was a critical milestone in the history of the Glen Canyon Dam Adaptive Management Program (GCDAMP). Prior to this, Phase I of the Glen Canyon Environmental Studies (GCES) (spanning 1982–1988) had revealed that the daily fluctuating water releases from the Glen Canyon Dam were causing significant degradation downstream. This included the erosion of sandbars used for campsites and the destruction of critical habitats for native and endangered fish in the Grand Canyon.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The 1989 NRC workshop brought together scientists, resource managers, and policymakers to synthesize what was known about these human-induced ecological impacts.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''Historical Significance &amp;amp; Outcomes'''&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
*Catalyst for Policy Change: The symposium coincided with a major turning point. In July 1989, Secretary of the Interior Manuel Lujan used these compounding scientific concerns to formally order a comprehensive Environmental Impact Statement (EIS) on Glen Canyon Dam operations. This marked the first time a retroactive EIS was mandated for an active, major federal dam.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
*Transition to Phase II: The workshop helped structure the scientific hypotheses for Phase II of the GCES (1989–1996), shifting the focus toward integrated ecosystem modeling and formal adaptive management.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
*Subsequent Publication: The findings and reviews initiated around this period culminated in the landmark NRC report, [https://www.nationalacademies.org/publications/1832 Colorado River Ecology and Dam Management], published in 1990.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Formative discussions on the concept for HFEs (1990-1995)==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
High Flow Experimental Releases (HFEs) refer to controlled, high-volume water releases from dams designed to mimic natural floods and rebuild ecological habitats.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The Concept: Between 1990 and 1995, scientists associated with pioneering ecologist Duncan Patten engaged in highly controversial &amp;quot;formative discussions&amp;quot; about the concept of controlled flooding.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The Debate: At the time, major federal water agencies and traditional engineers were deeply wary of intentionally flooding river systems. These early 1990s discussions served to lay the scientific groundwork for changing dam discharge patterns.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The Result: This period directly led to the implementation of interim operating criteria at major sites like the Glen Canyon Dam, culminating in the first historic, massive test of an environmental HFE in the Grand Canyon in 1996.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Beginning of Interim Operating Criteria (1991)==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The interim operating criteria for Glen Canyon Dam officially began implementation in August 1991, following an initial testing period and a formal Interagency Agreement.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
*Testing Phase: Tested by the Bureau of Reclamation between August 1 and October 31, 1991, to evaluate research flows and downstream ecological data.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
*Interagency Agreement: Formalized via an agreement executed between the Bureau of Reclamation and the Western Area Power Administration (WAPA) on October 2, 1991 (with exception criteria detailed further on October 21, 1991).&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
*Operational Flexibility: Allowed WAPA a 10% fluctuation buffer around operational constraints to manage electrical control areas while accommodating downramp limits.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
*Environmental Context: Preceded the landmark Grand Canyon Protection Act of 1992, which legally mandated protecting downstream resources in Grand Canyon National Park and Glen Canyon National Recreation Area.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==[https://gcdamp.com/index.php/Grand_Canyon_Protection_Act Grand Canyon Protection Act (1992)]==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The Grand Canyon Protection Act of 1992 directed the Secretary of the Interior to manage the Glen Canyon Dam to protect downstream environmental, cultural, and recreational resources in the Grand Canyon.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''Key Provisions'''&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
*Dam Operations: Required the Bureau of Reclamation to operate Glen Canyon Dam in a way that mitigates adverse impacts on natural and cultural resources and visitor use in a manner fully consistent with and subject to the Law of the River.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
*Water Priority: Made environmental protection subordinate to the primary water storage and delivery functions of the Colorado River Compact.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
*Environmental Impact Statement (EIS): Mandated a comprehensive EIS on dam operations, leading to a 1996 Record of Decision.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
*Long-Term Monitoring: Ordered the establishment of long-term monitoring programs and adaptive management to continually evaluate downstream ecosystem health.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Glen Canyon Dam Environmental Impact Statement (1995)==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The Glen Canyon Dam Environmental Impact Statement (Reclamation 1995) was completed in&lt;br /&gt;
March 1995. Its purpose was to “determine specific options that could be implemented to&lt;br /&gt;
minimize—consistent with law—adverse impacts on the downstream environmental and cultural&lt;br /&gt;
resources and Native American interests in Glen and Grand Canyons.” The Glen Canyon Dam &lt;br /&gt;
Environmental Impact Statement analyzed nine alternatives to allow the Secretary of the Interior&lt;br /&gt;
to balance competing interests and to meet statutory responsibilities for protecting downstream&lt;br /&gt;
resources and producing hydropower, and to protect affected Native American interests. The&lt;br /&gt;
preferred alternative was the Modified Low Fluctuating Flow Alternative.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Establishment of the Grand Canyon Monitoring and Research Center (1995)==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The Grand Canyon Monitoring and Research Center (GCMRC) was officially established in November 1995 to measure how Glen Canyon Dam operations affect natural, physical, biological, and cultural resources along the Colorado River.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Legislative Mandate: Created to fulfill the long-term monitoring and research requirements of the Grand Canyon Protection Act of 1992.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Core Mission: Ensure that Glen Canyon Dam operates in a way that protects and improves the values of Grand Canyon National Park and Glen Canyon National Recreation Area.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Program Integration: Absorbed the earlier Glen Canyon Environmental Studies program and became the main science provider for the Glen Canyon Dam Adaptive Management Program (GCDAMP).&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Transition Work Group (1995-1996)==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The informal group was assembled to act as a bridge between GCES and GCDAMP personnel and methods. It was comprised mostly of soon-to-be GCDAMP stakeholders.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Record of Decision on the Operation of Glen Canyon Dam (1996)==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
On October 9, 1996, the Secretary of the Interior signed the Record of Decision that presented&lt;br /&gt;
the rationale for choosing the Modified Low Fluctuating Flow Alternative. As noted in the Record of Decision:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The goal of selecting a preferred alternative was not to maximize benefits for the most&lt;br /&gt;
resources, but rather to find an alternative dam operating plan that would permit recovery&lt;br /&gt;
and long-term sustainability of downstream resources while limiting hydropower&lt;br /&gt;
capability and flexibility only to the extent necessary to achieve recovery and long-term&lt;br /&gt;
sustainability. [Reclamation 1996:10]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The Record of Decision (Appendix G) included seven environmental and monitoring&lt;br /&gt;
commitments:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* Adaptive Management&lt;br /&gt;
* Monitoring and Protection of Cultural Resources&lt;br /&gt;
* Flood Frequency Reduction Measures&lt;br /&gt;
* Beach/Habitat-Building Flows&lt;br /&gt;
* New Population of Humpback Chub&lt;br /&gt;
* Further Study of Selective Withdrawal&lt;br /&gt;
* Emergency Exception Criteria&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The commitments are explained in detail in the Record of Decision (Reclamation 1996;&lt;br /&gt;
Appendix G) and in the Glen Canyon Dam Environmental Impact Statement (Reclamation&lt;br /&gt;
1995:33-34); however, it should be noted that subsequent work of the Technical Work Group&lt;br /&gt;
and Adaptive Management Work Group have altered some commitments (Technical Work&lt;br /&gt;
Group 1998) with Endangered Species Act and National Environmental Policy Act compliance.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Strategic Planning Subcommittee (1997-2000)==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Formed at the behest of SOI Bruce Babbitt for the transition from GCES to GCDAMP/AMWG. There were seven members, representing recreation, environmental, tribal, hydropower and Department of the Interior interests. According to Andre Potochnik, it was this group that took the Colorado River trip described in detail by Mary Orton (see 1999, below).&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==AMWG and TWG fully established (1997)==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
In 1997 Secretary of Interior Bruce Babbitt established the Glen Canyon Dam Adaptive Management Work Group (AMWG) as a formal Federal Advisory Committee, under the authority and guidelines of the Federal Advisory Committee Act of 1972. The purpose of AMWG was to monitor implementation of the ROD, provide recommendations to the Secretary regarding its effectiveness, and recommend science-based adjustments to the operation of Glen Canyon Dam to better achieve restoration and maintenance of downstream resources. AMWG held its first meeting on September 10-11, 1997, and officially formed the Glen Canyon Technical Work Group (TWG) as a subgroup to work on tasks charged to them by the AMWG.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==AMWG Colorado River trip (1999)==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
As described in Mary Orton’s oral history interview, this trip through Grand Canyon helped soothe contention among AMWG stakeholders, who had not been working together for very long, and resulted in a Vision Statement for the group. Most oral history interviewees involved in GCDAMP at the time have shared a recollection of the trip or its impact on the program.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Publication of first GCDAMP Strategic Plan (2001)==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
“This strategic plan is a guidance document for the Glen Canyon Dam Adaptive Management Program and was developed by program members. Elements of this plan include the Glen Canyon Dam Adaptive Management Work Group’s vision and mission statements, as well as principles, goals, and management objectives.” (From the Foreword to the Stategic Plan)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Experimental design initiated (2002)==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Adaptive Management Work Group recommends implementation of the first 2 years of an experimental design proposed by the GCMRC.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Experimental fish programs launched (2003)==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Experiment begun to remove nonnative fish from the Colorado River in Grand Canyon. Fluctuating nonnative fish suppression releases from January through March implemented and continued through 2005.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==http://www.riversimulator.org/Resources/Legal/GCD/ReclamationLTEPwebPage.pdf Long-Term Experimental Plan Environmental Plan (2006) ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The Long-Term Experimental Plan Environmental Impact Statement (LTEP&lt;br /&gt;
EIS) was begun in late 2006 to address flow and non-flow actions in the&lt;br /&gt;
Colorado River below Glen Canyon Dam. The Bureau of Reclamation&lt;br /&gt;
completed public scoping for the proposed action in January 2007 and&lt;br /&gt;
issued a scoping report in March 2007. Multiple factors, including&lt;br /&gt;
extraordinarily large sediment inputs from tributaries, new information on&lt;br /&gt;
the endangered humpback chub population, and litigation, have led to a&lt;br /&gt;
temporary suspension of work on the LTEP EIS, and instead a primary&lt;br /&gt;
focus on Endangered Species Act and National Environmental Policy Act&lt;br /&gt;
compliance on a five-year plan of experimental flows, including a high-flow&lt;br /&gt;
test that was completed in early March 2008.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==The High Flow Experiment Protocol (2012)==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
“Secretary of the Interior Ken Salazar triggered the first release under the experimental long-term protocol in November 2012. The protocol calls for conducting more frequent high-flow experimental releases and timing them to occur following sediment inputs to the Colorado River downstream from Glen Canyon Dam.” &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==LTEMP EIS (2016)==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
LTEMP “provides the basis for decisions that identify management actions and experimental options that will provide a framework for adaptively managing Glen Canyon Dam operations over the next 20 years.”&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;!--&lt;br /&gt;
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--------------------------------ADDITIONAL-------------------------------&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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{| width=&amp;quot;100%&amp;quot; cellpadding=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; cellspacing=&amp;quot;5&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;vertical-align:top; background:#f5faff;&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
! &amp;lt;h2 style=&amp;quot;margin:0; background:#cedff2; font-size:120%; font-weight:bold; border:1px solid #a3b0bf; text-align:left; color:#000; padding:0.2em 0.4em;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;Links&amp;lt;/h2&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|style=&amp;quot;color:#000;&amp;quot;|&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://gcdamphistory.org GCDAMP Administrative History website]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://gcdamphistory.org/about/new-member-orientation/ New Member Orientation]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://gcdamphistory.org/archive/key-readings/ Key Readings]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://gcdamphistory.org/archive/oral-histories/ Oral Histories]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://gcdamphistory.org/history/historical-timeline/ Historical Timeline]&lt;br /&gt;
*[[GCDAMP AHAHG Page| Administrative History Ad-Hoc Group (AHAHG) page]]&lt;br /&gt;
*[[GCES Documents| GCES Documents]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! &amp;lt;h2 style=&amp;quot;margin:0; background:#cedff2; font-size:120%; font-weight:bold; border:1px solid #a3b0bf; text-align:left; color:#000; padding:0.2em 0.4em;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;Projects&amp;lt;/h2&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|style=&amp;quot;color:#000;&amp;quot;|&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==GCDAMP Wiki==&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://gcdamp.com/index.php?title=GCDAMP_WIKI_Overview_Questions Link to information on the GCDAMP Wiki]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==GCDAMP Administrative History Project==&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://gcdamp.com/index.php?title=BIO_Pages Bio Pages for GCDAMP Stakeholders and their Representatives]&lt;br /&gt;
*[[GCDAMP Representatives- History|  GCDAMP Representatives- History]]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.dropbox.com/sh/o1luou2q20bkwz3/AAD_ugRuHF7BtpOdZtkLTpjXa?dl=0 Interviews dropbox: Mary Orton, Larry Stevens, Cliff Barrett and Dave Wegner]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Interviews===&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://gcdamp.com/index.php?title=Cliff_Barrett-_BIO_PAGE Cliff Barrett]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! &amp;lt;h2 style=&amp;quot;margin:0; background:#cedff2; font-size:120%; font-weight:bold; border:1px solid #a3b0bf; text-align:left; color:#000; padding:0.2em 0.4em;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;Presentations and Papers&amp;lt;/h2&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|style=&amp;quot;color:#000;&amp;quot;|&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''2020'''&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/twg/2020-04-15-twg-meeting/20200415-AdministrativeHistoryProjectProgressUpdate-Presentation-508-UCRO.pdf Administrative History Project – Progress Update ]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''2019'''&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/amwg/2019-03-06-amwg-meeting/20190306-AdministrativeHistoryUpdate-Presentation-508-UCRO.pdf Administrative History Project Update Presentation]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''2018'''&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/rm/amp/amwg/mtgs/18feb14/Attach_13.pdf GCDAMP Administrative History Project PPT]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''2017'''&lt;br /&gt;
*[[Media:GCDAMP Administrative History Project Year 1 Report.pdf| First Year Report and Strategic Plan for GCDAMP administrative history]]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/rm/amp/amwg/mtgs/17feb15/AIF%20Admin%20History.pdf GCDAMP Administrative History Project Update ]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/rm/amp/amwg/mtgs/17feb15/Wiki%20Report.pdf GCDAMP Wiki Update ]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''2016'''&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://www.usbr.gov/uc/rm/amp/twg/mtgs/16oct18/Attach_03.pdf Wiki ppt]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! &amp;lt;h2 style=&amp;quot;margin:0; background:#cedff2; font-size:120%; font-weight:bold; border:1px solid #a3b0bf; text-align:left; color:#000; padding:0.2em 0.4em;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;Other Stuff&amp;lt;/h2&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|style=&amp;quot;color:#000;&amp;quot;|&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;Span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/Span&amp;gt;&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Cellsworth</name></author>	</entry>

	<entry>
		<id>http://gcdamp.com/index.php?title=GCDAMP_History_Time-Line_-Years&amp;diff=11273</id>
		<title>GCDAMP History Time-Line -Years</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://gcdamp.com/index.php?title=GCDAMP_History_Time-Line_-Years&amp;diff=11273"/>
				<updated>2026-09-29T01:09:08Z</updated>
		
		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Cellsworth: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
__NOTOC__&lt;br /&gt;
==2027==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==2026==&lt;br /&gt;
*Start of [https://gcdamp.com/index.php/2027-2028_Operating_Guidelines 2027-2028 Operating Guidelines]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==2025==&lt;br /&gt;
*The [https://gcdamp.com/index.php/The_-12_Mile_Slough -12 Mile Slough] gets renovated&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://gcdamp.com/index.php/SEIS_Bypass_Releases SEIS Bypass Releases] (CoolMix) to control smallmouth bass&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==2024==&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://gcdamp.com/index.php/Humpback_Chub_Page Humpback chub] population grows to 70,000 adults (40,000–200,000; 95% credible interval) in Grand Canyon &lt;br /&gt;
*[https://gcdamp.com/index.php/SEIS_Bypass_Releases SEIS Bypass Releases] (CoolMix) to control smallmouth bass&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==2023==&lt;br /&gt;
*[[The 2023 Spring HFE| Spring HFE: 39,500 cfs for 72h]] &lt;br /&gt;
*[https://gcdamp.com/index.php/Brown_Trout Brown trout] incentivized harvest at Lees Ferry&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==2022==&lt;br /&gt;
*[[A 2022 Fall HFE| A Fall HFE]] was not conducted due to the discovery of [http://gcdamp.com/index.php/Smallmouth_Bass_Page smallmouth bass] in Glen Canyon (1,600,000 mt)&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://gcdamp.com/index.php/The_Bugflow_Experiment Bugflow Experiment]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://gcdamp.com/index.php/Brown_Trout Brown trout] incentivized harvest at Lees Ferry&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==2021==&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://gcdamp.com/index.php?title=Spring_Disturbance_Flow Spring Disturbance Flow]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://gcdamp.com/index.php/Brown_Trout Brown trout] incentivized harvest at Lees Ferry&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==2020==&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://gcdamp.com/index.php/The_Bugflow_Experiment Bugflow Experiment]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://gcdamp.com/index.php/Brown_Trout Brown trout] incentivized harvest at Lees Ferry&lt;br /&gt;
*COVID moves all meetings for the year to remote&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==2019==&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://gcdamp.com/index.php/The_Bugflow_Experiment Bugflow Experiment]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==2018==&lt;br /&gt;
*[[The 2018 Fall HFE| Fall HFE]]: 38,100 cfs for 60h&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://gcdamp.com/index.php/The_Bugflow_Experiment Bugflow Experiment]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==2017==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==2016==&lt;br /&gt;
*Publication of the [https://gcdamp.com/index.php/Long-term_Experimental_and_Management_Plan_(LTEMP) LTEMP EIS]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2017/1006/ofr20171006.pdf LTEMP Science Plan]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/twg/2016-10-18-twg-meeting/Attach_09b.pdf TWG Protocol Paper]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==2015==&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://gcdamp.com/index.php/Brown_Trout Brown trout] and [https://gcdamp.com/index.php/Green_Sunfish_Page green sunfish] start reproducing in Lees Ferry&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://gcdamp.com/index.php?title=GCDAMP-_HFE_2015 A 2015 Fall HFE] was canceled due to the discovery of [http://gcdamp.com/index.php?title=Green_Sunfish_Page green sunfish] in Glen Canyon (1,168,000 mt)&lt;br /&gt;
*Start of a Triennial Budget and Workplan&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==2014==&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://gcdamp.com/index.php?title=GCDAMP-_HFE_2014 Fall HFE]: 37,500 cfs for 96h&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==2013==&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://gcdamp.com/index.php?title=GCDAMP-_HFE_2013 Fall HFE]: 34,100 cfs for 96h&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==2012==&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://gcdamp.com/index.php/Portal:Desired_Future_Conditions_-DFCs Development of the Desired Future Conditions (DFCs)]&lt;br /&gt;
*Publication of the [https://gcdamp.com/index.php/The_HFE_Page High Flow Experiment Protocol]&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://gcdamp.com/index.php?title=GCDAMP-_HFE_2012 Fall HFE]: 42,300 cfs for 96h (slow downramp)&lt;br /&gt;
*Razorback Sucker found in lower part of Grand Canyon- believed the fish traveled some 50 miles upstream from Lake Mead.  Last one recorded had been caught in 1990. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==2011==&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://gcdamp.com/index.php?title=Near_Shore_Ecology_(NSE)_Study Fall Steady Flow Experiment]&lt;br /&gt;
*The 2011 Equalization flows&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://gcdamp.com/index.php/Core_Monitoring_Plan Core Monitoring Plan (draft)]&lt;br /&gt;
*Start of a Biennial Budget and Workplan&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==2010==&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://gcdamp.com/index.php?title=Near_Shore_Ecology_(NSE)_Study Fall Steady Flow Experiment]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==2009==&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://gcdamp.com/index.php?title=Near_Shore_Ecology_(NSE)_Study Fall Steady Flow Experiment]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==2008==&lt;br /&gt;
*USFWS Biological Opinion identifies concerns with constructing a [https://gcdamp.com/index.php/TCD_Learning_Page Temperature Control Device (TCD)] that can only release warm water&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://digitalcommons.usu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1153&amp;amp;context=govdocs Spring HFE]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==2007==&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://gcdamp.com/index.php/Interim_Guidelines Beginning of Interim Guidelines for Lower Basin Shortages (2007-2027)]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://gcdamp.com/index.php/Strategic_Science_Plan Strategic Science Plan]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==2006==&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://gcdamp.com/index.php/Trout_Reduction_Efforts Trout removals] from the confluence with the Little Colorado River&lt;br /&gt;
*Long-Term Experimental Plan Environmental Plan (LTEP)&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
==2005==&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://gcdamp.com/index.php/Trout_Reduction_Efforts Trout removals] from the confluence with the Little Colorado River&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==2004==&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://gcdamp.com/index.php/Trout_Reduction_Efforts Trout removals] from the confluence with the Little Colorado River&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2011/3012/ Fall HFE]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://gcdamp.com/index.php/GCDAMP_Budget#:~:text=2004%20GCDAMP%20Goals%20and%20AMWG%20Priority%20Questions GCDAMP Goals and AMWG Priority Questions]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==2003==&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://gcdamp.com/index.php/Trout_Reduction_Efforts Trout removals] from the confluence with the Little Colorado River&lt;br /&gt;
*Fluctuating nonnative fish suppression releases from January through March implemented and continued through 2005.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==2002==&lt;br /&gt;
*U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service announces recovery goals for endangered fishes of the Colorado River Basin.&lt;br /&gt;
*Adaptive Management Work Group recommends implementation of the first 2 yr of an experimental design proposed by the GCMRC.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==2001==&lt;br /&gt;
*Humpback Chub population in Grand Canyon was in decline in the 1990s, and reached a low of about 5,000 adult fish in 2001.&lt;br /&gt;
*Draft ''Strategic Plan for the GCDAMP'' developed by program managers.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==2000==&lt;br /&gt;
*[[The 2000 Low Summer Steady Flow Experiment| The Low Steady Summer Flow Experiment (LSSF)]]&lt;br /&gt;
*Second and third tests of the habitat maintenance flows concept conducted in spring and summer.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==1999==&lt;br /&gt;
*AMWG Colorado River trip to develop the Vision Statement for the GCDAMP&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==1998==&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
==1997==&lt;br /&gt;
*AMWG and TWG fully established &lt;br /&gt;
*The AMWG held their first meeting on September 10-11, 1997, and officially formed the Glen Canyon Technical Work Group (TWG) as a subgroup to work on tasks charged to them by the AMWG.&lt;br /&gt;
*The TWG was formed to provide stakeholders with involvement in federal decisions concerning the operation of Glen Canyon Dam and Power Plant.&lt;br /&gt;
*Formation of a GCDAMP Strategic Planning Subcommittee (1997-2000)&lt;br /&gt;
*Reclamation begins a Value Planning Study for a warm-water [https://gcdamp.com/index.php/TCD_Learning_Page Temperature Control Device (TCD)]&lt;br /&gt;
*[[The 1997 Habitat Maintenance Flow (HMF)|Habitat Maintenance Flow (HMF)]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==1996==&lt;br /&gt;
*Record of Decision on the Operation of Glen Canyon Dam Final Environmental Impact Statement to comply with consultation requirements of the Grand Canyon Protection Act of 1992. (Signed by Secretary of the Interior Bruce Babbitt)&lt;br /&gt;
*[[The 1996 Spring HFE| Beach/Habitat-Building Flow (BHBF)]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==1995==&lt;br /&gt;
*Transition Work Group to act as a bridge between GCES and GCDAMP (1995-1996)&lt;br /&gt;
*Establishment of the Grand Canyon Monitoring and Research Center (GCMRC)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==1994==&lt;br /&gt;
*Programmatic Agreement on Cultural Resources signed between the State of Arizona, Department of the Interior agencies, and six tribes over protection of cultural resources in the river corridor below Glen Canyon Dam.&lt;br /&gt;
*U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service designates critical habitat for four species of endangered Colorado River fish and completes Biological Opinion outlining reasonable and prudent alternatives that must be evaluated for dam operation.&lt;br /&gt;
*Memorandum of Agreement signed for development of a Lower Colorado River Multi-Species Conservation Plan between state agencies in Nevada, California, and Arizona and federal agencies, including the Bureau of Land Management, Bureau of Reclamation, Fish and Wildlife Service, and the National Park Service.[http://www.sci.sdsu.edu/salton/LowerColoradoRiverMSCP.html MSCP History (SDSU)]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==1993==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==1992==&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://www.usbr.gov/uc/legal/gcpa1992.html Grand Canyon Protection Act ] &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==1991==&lt;br /&gt;
*Interim operating criteria for Glen Canyon Dam implemented.&lt;br /&gt;
*The 1990-91 Experimental Flows&lt;br /&gt;
*Razorback Sucker and Kanab Ambersnail federally listed as endangered.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==1990==&lt;br /&gt;
*Beginning of Interim Operating Criteria&lt;br /&gt;
*The 1990-91 Experimental Flows&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==1989==&lt;br /&gt;
*Secretary of the Interior Lujan orders an environmental impact statement on dam operations.&lt;br /&gt;
*National Research Council sponsors [https://www.nationalacademies.org/publications/1832 symposium] that reviews existing knowledge on Colorado River ecosystem&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==1988==&lt;br /&gt;
*Salt Lake City Area Integrated Projects(CRSP) passed-1989 after a series of public information and comment forums.&lt;br /&gt;
*Glen Canyon Environmental Studies issues [http://archive.library.nau.edu/utils/getfile/collection/cpa/id/61166/filename/61167.pdf ''Glen Canyon Environmental Studies Final Report''], completing Phase I and starting Phase II (1988-1988), which would be accelerated to support environmental impact statement process.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==1987==&lt;br /&gt;
*National Research Council completes review of Glen Canyon Environmental Studies, publishing [http://archive.org/details/riverdammanageme00unse River and Dam Management: a Review of the Bureau of Reclamation's Glen Canyon Environmental Studies]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==1986==&lt;br /&gt;
  &lt;br /&gt;
==1985==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==1984==&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://www.riversimulator.org/Resources/GCDAMP/GCDAMPchronicle/1983FloodGCDhannon.pdf The 1984 Floods]&lt;br /&gt;
*One of the last Razorback Suckers seen in Grand Canyon is caught and released at Bass Rapids&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==1983==&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://www.riversimulator.org/Resources/GCDAMP/GCDAMPchronicle/1983FloodGCDhannon.pdf The 1983 Floods]&lt;br /&gt;
*Glen Canyon Dam releases more than 92,000 cfs to stop Lake Powell from overtopping Glen Canyon Dam.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==1982==&lt;br /&gt;
*Glen Canyon Environmental Studies - Phase I (1982-1988) created to study effects of Glen Canyon Dam operations&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==1980==&lt;br /&gt;
*Lake Powell reaches full pool (3,700 ft)&lt;br /&gt;
*Bonytail chub listed as endangered&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==1979==&lt;br /&gt;
*Grand Canyon National Park designated a UNESCO World Heritage Site&lt;br /&gt;
*USBR proposes an upgrade of Glen Canyon Dam's generators&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==1978==&lt;br /&gt;
*U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service files jeopardy opinion on the effects of Glen Canyon Dam on endangered fishes&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==1975==&lt;br /&gt;
*Grand Canyon National Park Enlargement Act passed&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==1974==&lt;br /&gt;
*Colorado River Basin Salinity Control Act authorized the construction, operation, and maintenance of works in the Colorado River Basin to control the salinity of Colorado River water available for use in the United States and Mexico. Some GCDAMP stakeholders participate in the Salinity Control Forums created by the act.&lt;br /&gt;
*First Lawsuit filed over Glen Canyon Dam operations by commercial raft operators contending that the disruption of normal flows was interfering with their ability to conduct river trips.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==1973==&lt;br /&gt;
*Endangered Species Act (ESA) of 1973 passed to protect and promote the recovery of animals and plants that are in danger of becoming extinct because of the activities of people. Administered by the US Fish and Wildlife Service.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==1972==&lt;br /&gt;
*Last verified record of [https://gcdamp.com/index.php/Colorado_Pikeminnow Colorado Pikeminnow] caught in Grand Canyon at Havasu Creek&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==1971==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==1970==&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/lc/region/pao/pdfiles/opcriter.pdf Long-range Operating Criteria (LROC)] developed for Glen Canyon Dam operations&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==1969==&lt;br /&gt;
*National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA) of 1969 passed requiring Federal agencies to consider the environmental impacts of their proposed actions and reasonable alternatives to those actions.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==1968==&lt;br /&gt;
*Colorado River Basin Project Act passed&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==1967==&lt;br /&gt;
*Humpback chub and Colorado pikeminnow federally listed as endangered&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==1966==&lt;br /&gt;
*National Historic Preservation Act passed&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==1965==&lt;br /&gt;
*[[The 1965 Reservoir Equalization and Channel Cleaning Floods]]&lt;br /&gt;
*United States contract for delivery of power from the Colorado River Storage Project to customers.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==1964==&lt;br /&gt;
*U.S. Supreme Court decision in Arizona v. California confirmed apportionments of Colorado River water authorized in 1928 Boulder Canyon Project Act, including Nevada's allocation of 0.3 maf per year. The Decree in this case set many of the rules under which the river is operated.  &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==1963==&lt;br /&gt;
*Glen Canyon Dam completed as part of the Colorado River Storage Project.&lt;br /&gt;
*U.S. Supreme Cort held in Arizona vs California that, as a result of the Boulder Canyon Project Act, California held an allocation of 4.4 maf, Arizona 2.8 maf, and Nevada 300,000 acre-feet of Colorado River water&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== 1956 ==&lt;br /&gt;
*Colorado River Storage Project Act passed authorizing Glen Canyon Dam&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== 1948 ==&lt;br /&gt;
*Upper Colorado River Basin Compact signed&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== 1944 ==&lt;br /&gt;
*Treaty with Mexico obligating the US to provide 1.5 maf of Colorado River water to Mexico annually&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== 1935 ==&lt;br /&gt;
*Hoover Dam completed &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== 1928 ==&lt;br /&gt;
*Boulder Canyon Project Act passed authorizing Hoover Dam.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== 1922 ==&lt;br /&gt;
*Colorado River Compact signed allocating the Colorado River water between the upper and the lower basins.  Upper basin States have the right to use 7.5 maf/yr only if that quantity is available after meeting delivery requirements of 7.5 maf/yr to the Lower basin plus the amount required to satisfy anticipated claims by Mexico.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== 1921 ==&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://www.parkerliveonline.com/2013/07/24/colorado-river-day-thursday/ Colorado River was officially re-named from the “Grand” to the “Colorado.” (July 25th)] &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== 1919 ==&lt;br /&gt;
*Grand Canyon National Park created&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== 1916 ==&lt;br /&gt;
*National Park Service Organic Act passed&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== 1902 ==&lt;br /&gt;
*Reclamation Act Creates the Bureau of Reclamation&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== 1869 ==&lt;br /&gt;
*Major John Wesley Powell leads first recored expedition to traverse Grand Canyon&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://www.azcentral.com/story/travel/local/history/2014/05/27/powells-death-defying-grand-canyon-odyssey/9596303/ Powell's death-defying Grand Canyon odyssey]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==*11,000 BP==&lt;br /&gt;
*Paleo-Indian peoples occupy Grand Canyon region&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Cellsworth</name></author>	</entry>

	<entry>
		<id>http://gcdamp.com/index.php?title=GCDAMP_History_Time-Line_-Years&amp;diff=11272</id>
		<title>GCDAMP History Time-Line -Years</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://gcdamp.com/index.php?title=GCDAMP_History_Time-Line_-Years&amp;diff=11272"/>
				<updated>2026-09-29T00:59:33Z</updated>
		
		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Cellsworth: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
__NOTOC__&lt;br /&gt;
==2027==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==2026==&lt;br /&gt;
*Start of [https://gcdamp.com/index.php/2027-2028_Operating_Guidelines 2027-2028 Operating Guidelines]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==2025==&lt;br /&gt;
*The [https://gcdamp.com/index.php/The_-12_Mile_Slough -12 Mile Slough] gets renovated&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://gcdamp.com/index.php/SEIS_Bypass_Releases SEIS Bypass Releases] (CoolMix) to control smallmouth bass&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==2024==&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://gcdamp.com/index.php/SEIS_Bypass_Releases SEIS Bypass Releases] (CoolMix) to control smallmouth bass&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://gcdamp.com/index.php/Humpback_Chub_Page Humpback chub] population grows to 70,000 adults (40,000–200,000; 95% credible interval) in Grand Canyon &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==2023==&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://gcdamp.com/index.php/Brown_Trout Brown trout] incentivized harvest at Lees Ferry&lt;br /&gt;
*[[The 2023 Spring HFE| Spring HFE: 39,500 cfs for 72h]] &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==2022==&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://gcdamp.com/index.php/Brown_Trout Brown trout] incentivized harvest at Lees Ferry&lt;br /&gt;
*[[A 2022 Fall HFE| A Fall HFE]] was not conducted due to the discovery of [http://gcdamp.com/index.php/Smallmouth_Bass_Page smallmouth bass] in Glen Canyon (1,600,000 mt)&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://gcdamp.com/index.php/The_Bugflow_Experiment Bugflow Experiment]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==2021==&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://gcdamp.com/index.php/Brown_Trout Brown trout] incentivized harvest at Lees Ferry&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://gcdamp.com/index.php?title=Spring_Disturbance_Flow Spring Disturbance Flow]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==2020==&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://gcdamp.com/index.php/Brown_Trout Brown trout] incentivized harvest at Lees Ferry&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://gcdamp.com/index.php/The_Bugflow_Experiment Bugflow Experiment]&lt;br /&gt;
*COVID moves all meetings for the year to remote&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==2019==&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://gcdamp.com/index.php/The_Bugflow_Experiment Bugflow Experiment]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==2018==&lt;br /&gt;
*[[The 2018 Fall HFE| Fall HFE]]: 38,100 cfs for 60h&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://gcdamp.com/index.php/The_Bugflow_Experiment Bugflow Experiment]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==2017==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==2016==&lt;br /&gt;
*Publication of the [https://gcdamp.com/index.php/Long-term_Experimental_and_Management_Plan_(LTEMP) LTEMP EIS]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2017/1006/ofr20171006.pdf LTEMP Science Plan]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/twg/2016-10-18-twg-meeting/Attach_09b.pdf TWG Protocol Paper]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==2015==&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://gcdamp.com/index.php/Brown_Trout Brown trout] and [https://gcdamp.com/index.php/Green_Sunfish_Page green sunfish] start reproducing in Lees Ferry&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://gcdamp.com/index.php?title=GCDAMP-_HFE_2015 A 2015 Fall HFE] was canceled due to the discovery of [http://gcdamp.com/index.php?title=Green_Sunfish_Page green sunfish] in Glen Canyon (1,168,000 mt)&lt;br /&gt;
*Start of a Triennial Budget and Workplan&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==2014==&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://gcdamp.com/index.php?title=GCDAMP-_HFE_2014 Fall HFE]: 37,500 cfs for 96h&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==2013==&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://gcdamp.com/index.php?title=GCDAMP-_HFE_2013 Fall HFE]: 34,100 cfs for 96h&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==2012==&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://gcdamp.com/index.php/Portal:Desired_Future_Conditions_-DFCs Desired Future Conditions -DFCs]&lt;br /&gt;
*Publication of the [https://gcdamp.com/index.php/The_HFE_Page High Flow Experiment Protocol]&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://gcdamp.com/index.php?title=GCDAMP-_HFE_2012 Fall HFE]: 42,300 cfs for 96h (slow downramp)&lt;br /&gt;
*Razorback Sucker found in lower part of Grand Canyon- believed the fish traveled some 50 miles upstream from Lake Mead.  Last one recorded had been caught in 1990. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==2011==&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://gcdamp.com/index.php?title=Near_Shore_Ecology_(NSE)_Study Fall Steady Flow Experiment]&lt;br /&gt;
*The 2011 Equalization flows&lt;br /&gt;
*Start of a Biennial Budget and Workplan&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://gcdamp.com/index.php/Core_Monitoring_Plan Core Monitoring Plan (draft)]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==2010==&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://gcdamp.com/index.php?title=Near_Shore_Ecology_(NSE)_Study Fall Steady Flow Experiment]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==2009==&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://gcdamp.com/index.php?title=Near_Shore_Ecology_(NSE)_Study Fall Steady Flow Experiment]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==2008==&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://digitalcommons.usu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1153&amp;amp;context=govdocs Spring HFE]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==2007==&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://gcdamp.com/index.php/Interim_Guidelines Beginning of Interim Guidelines for Lower Basin Shortages (2007-2027)]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://gcdamp.com/index.php/Strategic_Science_Plan Strategic Science Plan]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==2006==&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://gcdamp.com/index.php/Trout_Reduction_Efforts Trout removals] from the confluence with the Little Colorado River&lt;br /&gt;
*Long-Term Experimental Plan Environmental Plan (LTEP)&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
==2005==&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://gcdamp.com/index.php/Trout_Reduction_Efforts Trout removals] from the confluence with the Little Colorado River&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==2004==&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://gcdamp.com/index.php/Trout_Reduction_Efforts Trout removals] from the confluence with the Little Colorado River&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2011/3012/ Fall HFE]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://gcdamp.com/index.php/GCDAMP_Budget#:~:text=2004%20GCDAMP%20Goals%20and%20AMWG%20Priority%20Questions GCDAMP Goals and AMWG Priority Questions]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==2003==&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://gcdamp.com/index.php/Trout_Reduction_Efforts Trout removals] from the confluence with the Little Colorado River&lt;br /&gt;
*Fluctuating nonnative fish suppression releases from January through March implemented and continued through 2005.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==2002==&lt;br /&gt;
*U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service announces recovery goals for endangered fishes of the Colorado River Basin.&lt;br /&gt;
*Adaptive Management Work Group recommends implementation of the first 2 yr of an experimental design proposed by the GCMRC.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==2001==&lt;br /&gt;
*Humpback Chub population in Grand Canyon was in decline in the 1990s, and reached a low of about 5,000 adult fish in 2001.&lt;br /&gt;
*Draft ''Strategic Plan for the GCDAMP'' developed by program managers.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==2000==&lt;br /&gt;
*[[The 2000 Low Summer Steady Flow Experiment| The Low Steady Summer Flow Experiment (LSSF)]]&lt;br /&gt;
*Second and third tests of the habitat maintenance flows concept conducted in spring and summer.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==1999==&lt;br /&gt;
*AMWG Colorado River trip to develop the Vision Statement for the GCDAMP&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==1998==&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
==1997==&lt;br /&gt;
*The AMWG held their first meeting on September 10-11, 1997, and officially formed the Glen Canyon Technical Work Group (TWG) as a subgroup to work on tasks charged to them by the AMWG.&lt;br /&gt;
*The TWG was formed to provide stakeholders with involvement in federal decisions concerning the operation of Glen Canyon Dam and Power Plant.&lt;br /&gt;
*[[The 1997 Habitat Maintenance Flow (HMF)|Habitat Maintenance Flow (HMF)]]&lt;br /&gt;
*Strategic Planning Subcommittee (1997-2000)&lt;br /&gt;
*AMWG and TWG fully established &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==1996==&lt;br /&gt;
*[[The 1996 Spring HFE| Beach/Habitat-Building Flow (BHBF)]]&lt;br /&gt;
*Record of Decision on the Operation of Glen Canyon Dam Final Environmental Impact Statement to comply with consultation requirements of the Grand Canyon Protection Act of 1992. (Signed by Secretary of the Interior Bruce Babbitt)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==1995==&lt;br /&gt;
*Establishment of the Grand Canyon Monitoring and Research Center &lt;br /&gt;
*Transition Work Group to act as a bridge between GCES and GCDAMP (1995-1996)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==1994==&lt;br /&gt;
*Programmatic Agreement on Cultural Resources signed between the State of Arizona, Department of the Interior agencies, and six tribes over protection of cultural resources in the river corridor below Glen Canyon Dam.&lt;br /&gt;
*U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service designates critical habitat for four species of endangered Colorado River fish and completes Biological Opinion outlining reasonable and prudent alternatives that must be evaluated for dam operation.&lt;br /&gt;
*Memorandum of Agreement signed for development of a Lower Colorado River Multi-Species Conservation Plan between state agencies in Nevada, California, and Arizona and federal agencies, including the Bureau of Land Management, Bureau of Reclamation, Fish and Wildlife Service, and the National Park Service.[http://www.sci.sdsu.edu/salton/LowerColoradoRiverMSCP.html MSCP History (SDSU)]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==1993==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==1992==&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://www.usbr.gov/uc/legal/gcpa1992.html Grand Canyon Protection Act ] &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==1991==&lt;br /&gt;
*The 1990-91 Experimental Flows&lt;br /&gt;
*Interim operating criteria for Glen Canyon Dam implemented.&lt;br /&gt;
*Razorback Sucker and Kanab Ambersnail federally listed as endangered.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==1990==&lt;br /&gt;
*The 1990-91 Experimental Flows&lt;br /&gt;
*Beginning of Interim Operating Criteria&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==1989==&lt;br /&gt;
*Secretary of the Interior Lujan orders an environmental impact statement on dam operations.&lt;br /&gt;
*National Research Council sponsors [https://www.nationalacademies.org/publications/1832 symposium] that reviews existing knowledge on Colorado River ecosystem&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==1988==&lt;br /&gt;
*Salt Lake City Area Integrated Projects(CRSP) passed-1989 after a series of public information and comment forums.&lt;br /&gt;
*Glen Canyon Environmental Studies issues [http://archive.library.nau.edu/utils/getfile/collection/cpa/id/61166/filename/61167.pdf ''Glen Canyon Environmental Studies Final Report''], completing Phase I and starting Phase II (1988-1988), which would be accelerated to support environmental impact statement process.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==1987==&lt;br /&gt;
*National Research Council completes review of Glen Canyon Environmental Studies, publishing [http://archive.org/details/riverdammanageme00unse River and Dam Management: a Review of the Bureau of Reclamation's Glen Canyon Environmental Studies]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==1986==&lt;br /&gt;
  &lt;br /&gt;
==1985==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==1984==&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://www.riversimulator.org/Resources/GCDAMP/GCDAMPchronicle/1983FloodGCDhannon.pdf The 1984 Floods]&lt;br /&gt;
*One of the last Razorback Suckers seen in Grand Canyon is caught and released at Bass Rapids&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==1983==&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://www.riversimulator.org/Resources/GCDAMP/GCDAMPchronicle/1983FloodGCDhannon.pdf The 1983 Floods]&lt;br /&gt;
*Glen Canyon Dam releases more than 92,000 cfs to stop Lake Powell from overtopping Glen Canyon Dam.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==1982==&lt;br /&gt;
*Glen Canyon Environmental Studies - Phase I (1982-1988) created to study effects of Glen Canyon Dam operations&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==1980==&lt;br /&gt;
*Lake Powell reaches full pool (3,700 ft)&lt;br /&gt;
*Bonytail chub listed as endangered&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==1979==&lt;br /&gt;
*Grand Canyon National Park designated a UNESCO World Heritage Site&lt;br /&gt;
*USBR proposes an upgrade of Glen Canyon Dam's generators&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==1978==&lt;br /&gt;
*U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service files jeopardy opinion on the effects of Glen Canyon Dam on endangered fishes&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==1975==&lt;br /&gt;
*Grand Canyon National Park Enlargement Act passed&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==1974==&lt;br /&gt;
*Colorado River Basin Salinity Control Act authorized the construction, operation, and maintenance of works in the Colorado River Basin to control the salinity of Colorado River water available for use in the United States and Mexico. Some GCDAMP stakeholders participate in the Salinity Control Forums created by the act.&lt;br /&gt;
*First Lawsuit filed over Glen Canyon Dam operations by commercial raft operators contending that the disruption of normal flows was interfering with their ability to conduct river trips.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==1973==&lt;br /&gt;
*Endangered Species Act (ESA) of 1973 passed to protect and promote the recovery of animals and plants that are in danger of becoming extinct because of the activities of people. Administered by the US Fish and Wildlife Service.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==1972==&lt;br /&gt;
*Last verified record of [https://gcdamp.com/index.php/Colorado_Pikeminnow Colorado Pikeminnow] caught in Grand Canyon at Havasu Creek&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==1971==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==1970==&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/lc/region/pao/pdfiles/opcriter.pdf Long-range Operating Criteria (LROC)] developed for Glen Canyon Dam operations&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==1969==&lt;br /&gt;
*National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA) of 1969 passed requiring Federal agencies to consider the environmental impacts of their proposed actions and reasonable alternatives to those actions.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==1968==&lt;br /&gt;
*Colorado River Basin Project Act passed&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==1967==&lt;br /&gt;
*Humpback chub and Colorado pikeminnow federally listed as endangered&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==1966==&lt;br /&gt;
*National Historic Preservation Act passed&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==1965==&lt;br /&gt;
*[[The 1965 Reservoir Equalization and Channel Cleaning Floods]]&lt;br /&gt;
*United States contract for delivery of power from the Colorado River Storage Project to customers.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==1964==&lt;br /&gt;
*U.S. Supreme Court decision in Arizona v. California confirmed apportionments of Colorado River water authorized in 1928 Boulder Canyon Project Act, including Nevada's allocation of 0.3 maf per year. The Decree in this case set many of the rules under which the river is operated.  &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==1963==&lt;br /&gt;
*Glen Canyon Dam completed as part of the Colorado River Storage Project.&lt;br /&gt;
*U.S. Supreme Cort held in Arizona vs California that, as a result of the Boulder Canyon Project Act, California held an allocation of 4.4 maf, Arizona 2.8 maf, and Nevada 300,000 acre-feet of Colorado River water&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== 1956 ==&lt;br /&gt;
*Colorado River Storage Project Act passed authorizing Glen Canyon Dam&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== 1948 ==&lt;br /&gt;
*Upper Colorado River Basin Compact signed&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== 1944 ==&lt;br /&gt;
*Treaty with Mexico obligating the US to provide 1.5 maf of Colorado River water to Mexico annually&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== 1935 ==&lt;br /&gt;
*Hoover Dam completed &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== 1928 ==&lt;br /&gt;
*Boulder Canyon Project Act passed authorizing Hoover Dam.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== 1922 ==&lt;br /&gt;
*Colorado River Compact signed allocating the Colorado River water between the upper and the lower basins.  Upper basin States have the right to use 7.5 maf/yr only if that quantity is available after meeting delivery requirements of 7.5 maf/yr to the Lower basin plus the amount required to satisfy anticipated claims by Mexico.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== 1921 ==&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://www.parkerliveonline.com/2013/07/24/colorado-river-day-thursday/ Colorado River was officially re-named from the “Grand” to the “Colorado.” (July 25th)] &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== 1919 ==&lt;br /&gt;
*Grand Canyon National Park created&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== 1916 ==&lt;br /&gt;
*National Park Service Organic Act passed&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== 1902 ==&lt;br /&gt;
*Reclamation Act Creates the Bureau of Reclamation&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== 1869 ==&lt;br /&gt;
*Major John Wesley Powell leads first recored expedition to traverse Grand Canyon&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://www.azcentral.com/story/travel/local/history/2014/05/27/powells-death-defying-grand-canyon-odyssey/9596303/ Powell's death-defying Grand Canyon odyssey]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==*11,000 BP==&lt;br /&gt;
*Paleo-Indian peoples occupy Grand Canyon region&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Cellsworth</name></author>	</entry>

	<entry>
		<id>http://gcdamp.com/index.php?title=GCDAMP_History_Time-Line_-Years&amp;diff=11271</id>
		<title>GCDAMP History Time-Line -Years</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://gcdamp.com/index.php?title=GCDAMP_History_Time-Line_-Years&amp;diff=11271"/>
				<updated>2026-09-29T00:59:10Z</updated>
		
		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Cellsworth: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
__NOTOC__&lt;br /&gt;
==2027==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==2026==&lt;br /&gt;
*Start of [https://gcdamp.com/index.php/2027-2028_Operating_Guidelines 2027-2028 Operating Guidelines]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==2025==&lt;br /&gt;
*The [https://gcdamp.com/index.php/The_-12_Mile_Slough -12 Mile Slough] gets renovated&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://gcdamp.com/index.php/SEIS_Bypass_Releases SEIS Bypass Releases] (CoolMix) to control smallmouth bass&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==2024==&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://gcdamp.com/index.php/SEIS_Bypass_Releases SEIS Bypass Releases] (CoolMix) to control smallmouth bass&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://gcdamp.com/index.php/Humpback_Chub_Page Humpback chub] population grows to 70,000 adults (40 000–200 000; 95% credible interval) in Grand Canyon &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==2023==&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://gcdamp.com/index.php/Brown_Trout Brown trout] incentivized harvest at Lees Ferry&lt;br /&gt;
*[[The 2023 Spring HFE| Spring HFE: 39,500 cfs for 72h]] &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==2022==&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://gcdamp.com/index.php/Brown_Trout Brown trout] incentivized harvest at Lees Ferry&lt;br /&gt;
*[[A 2022 Fall HFE| A Fall HFE]] was not conducted due to the discovery of [http://gcdamp.com/index.php/Smallmouth_Bass_Page smallmouth bass] in Glen Canyon (1,600,000 mt)&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://gcdamp.com/index.php/The_Bugflow_Experiment Bugflow Experiment]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==2021==&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://gcdamp.com/index.php/Brown_Trout Brown trout] incentivized harvest at Lees Ferry&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://gcdamp.com/index.php?title=Spring_Disturbance_Flow Spring Disturbance Flow]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==2020==&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://gcdamp.com/index.php/Brown_Trout Brown trout] incentivized harvest at Lees Ferry&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://gcdamp.com/index.php/The_Bugflow_Experiment Bugflow Experiment]&lt;br /&gt;
*COVID moves all meetings for the year to remote&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==2019==&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://gcdamp.com/index.php/The_Bugflow_Experiment Bugflow Experiment]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==2018==&lt;br /&gt;
*[[The 2018 Fall HFE| Fall HFE]]: 38,100 cfs for 60h&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://gcdamp.com/index.php/The_Bugflow_Experiment Bugflow Experiment]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==2017==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==2016==&lt;br /&gt;
*Publication of the [https://gcdamp.com/index.php/Long-term_Experimental_and_Management_Plan_(LTEMP) LTEMP EIS]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2017/1006/ofr20171006.pdf LTEMP Science Plan]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/twg/2016-10-18-twg-meeting/Attach_09b.pdf TWG Protocol Paper]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==2015==&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://gcdamp.com/index.php/Brown_Trout Brown trout] and [https://gcdamp.com/index.php/Green_Sunfish_Page green sunfish] start reproducing in Lees Ferry&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://gcdamp.com/index.php?title=GCDAMP-_HFE_2015 A 2015 Fall HFE] was canceled due to the discovery of [http://gcdamp.com/index.php?title=Green_Sunfish_Page green sunfish] in Glen Canyon (1,168,000 mt)&lt;br /&gt;
*Start of a Triennial Budget and Workplan&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==2014==&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://gcdamp.com/index.php?title=GCDAMP-_HFE_2014 Fall HFE]: 37,500 cfs for 96h&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==2013==&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://gcdamp.com/index.php?title=GCDAMP-_HFE_2013 Fall HFE]: 34,100 cfs for 96h&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==2012==&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://gcdamp.com/index.php/Portal:Desired_Future_Conditions_-DFCs Desired Future Conditions -DFCs]&lt;br /&gt;
*Publication of the [https://gcdamp.com/index.php/The_HFE_Page High Flow Experiment Protocol]&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://gcdamp.com/index.php?title=GCDAMP-_HFE_2012 Fall HFE]: 42,300 cfs for 96h (slow downramp)&lt;br /&gt;
*Razorback Sucker found in lower part of Grand Canyon- believed the fish traveled some 50 miles upstream from Lake Mead.  Last one recorded had been caught in 1990. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==2011==&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://gcdamp.com/index.php?title=Near_Shore_Ecology_(NSE)_Study Fall Steady Flow Experiment]&lt;br /&gt;
*The 2011 Equalization flows&lt;br /&gt;
*Start of a Biennial Budget and Workplan&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://gcdamp.com/index.php/Core_Monitoring_Plan Core Monitoring Plan (draft)]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==2010==&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://gcdamp.com/index.php?title=Near_Shore_Ecology_(NSE)_Study Fall Steady Flow Experiment]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==2009==&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://gcdamp.com/index.php?title=Near_Shore_Ecology_(NSE)_Study Fall Steady Flow Experiment]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==2008==&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://digitalcommons.usu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1153&amp;amp;context=govdocs Spring HFE]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==2007==&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://gcdamp.com/index.php/Interim_Guidelines Beginning of Interim Guidelines for Lower Basin Shortages (2007-2027)]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://gcdamp.com/index.php/Strategic_Science_Plan Strategic Science Plan]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==2006==&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://gcdamp.com/index.php/Trout_Reduction_Efforts Trout removals] from the confluence with the Little Colorado River&lt;br /&gt;
*Long-Term Experimental Plan Environmental Plan (LTEP)&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
==2005==&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://gcdamp.com/index.php/Trout_Reduction_Efforts Trout removals] from the confluence with the Little Colorado River&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==2004==&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://gcdamp.com/index.php/Trout_Reduction_Efforts Trout removals] from the confluence with the Little Colorado River&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2011/3012/ Fall HFE]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://gcdamp.com/index.php/GCDAMP_Budget#:~:text=2004%20GCDAMP%20Goals%20and%20AMWG%20Priority%20Questions GCDAMP Goals and AMWG Priority Questions]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==2003==&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://gcdamp.com/index.php/Trout_Reduction_Efforts Trout removals] from the confluence with the Little Colorado River&lt;br /&gt;
*Fluctuating nonnative fish suppression releases from January through March implemented and continued through 2005.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==2002==&lt;br /&gt;
*U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service announces recovery goals for endangered fishes of the Colorado River Basin.&lt;br /&gt;
*Adaptive Management Work Group recommends implementation of the first 2 yr of an experimental design proposed by the GCMRC.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==2001==&lt;br /&gt;
*Humpback Chub population in Grand Canyon was in decline in the 1990s, and reached a low of about 5,000 adult fish in 2001.&lt;br /&gt;
*Draft ''Strategic Plan for the GCDAMP'' developed by program managers.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==2000==&lt;br /&gt;
*[[The 2000 Low Summer Steady Flow Experiment| The Low Steady Summer Flow Experiment (LSSF)]]&lt;br /&gt;
*Second and third tests of the habitat maintenance flows concept conducted in spring and summer.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==1999==&lt;br /&gt;
*AMWG Colorado River trip to develop the Vision Statement for the GCDAMP&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==1998==&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
==1997==&lt;br /&gt;
*The AMWG held their first meeting on September 10-11, 1997, and officially formed the Glen Canyon Technical Work Group (TWG) as a subgroup to work on tasks charged to them by the AMWG.&lt;br /&gt;
*The TWG was formed to provide stakeholders with involvement in federal decisions concerning the operation of Glen Canyon Dam and Power Plant.&lt;br /&gt;
*[[The 1997 Habitat Maintenance Flow (HMF)|Habitat Maintenance Flow (HMF)]]&lt;br /&gt;
*Strategic Planning Subcommittee (1997-2000)&lt;br /&gt;
*AMWG and TWG fully established &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==1996==&lt;br /&gt;
*[[The 1996 Spring HFE| Beach/Habitat-Building Flow (BHBF)]]&lt;br /&gt;
*Record of Decision on the Operation of Glen Canyon Dam Final Environmental Impact Statement to comply with consultation requirements of the Grand Canyon Protection Act of 1992. (Signed by Secretary of the Interior Bruce Babbitt)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==1995==&lt;br /&gt;
*Establishment of the Grand Canyon Monitoring and Research Center &lt;br /&gt;
*Transition Work Group to act as a bridge between GCES and GCDAMP (1995-1996)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==1994==&lt;br /&gt;
*Programmatic Agreement on Cultural Resources signed between the State of Arizona, Department of the Interior agencies, and six tribes over protection of cultural resources in the river corridor below Glen Canyon Dam.&lt;br /&gt;
*U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service designates critical habitat for four species of endangered Colorado River fish and completes Biological Opinion outlining reasonable and prudent alternatives that must be evaluated for dam operation.&lt;br /&gt;
*Memorandum of Agreement signed for development of a Lower Colorado River Multi-Species Conservation Plan between state agencies in Nevada, California, and Arizona and federal agencies, including the Bureau of Land Management, Bureau of Reclamation, Fish and Wildlife Service, and the National Park Service.[http://www.sci.sdsu.edu/salton/LowerColoradoRiverMSCP.html MSCP History (SDSU)]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==1993==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==1992==&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://www.usbr.gov/uc/legal/gcpa1992.html Grand Canyon Protection Act ] &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==1991==&lt;br /&gt;
*The 1990-91 Experimental Flows&lt;br /&gt;
*Interim operating criteria for Glen Canyon Dam implemented.&lt;br /&gt;
*Razorback Sucker and Kanab Ambersnail federally listed as endangered.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==1990==&lt;br /&gt;
*The 1990-91 Experimental Flows&lt;br /&gt;
*Beginning of Interim Operating Criteria&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==1989==&lt;br /&gt;
*Secretary of the Interior Lujan orders an environmental impact statement on dam operations.&lt;br /&gt;
*National Research Council sponsors [https://www.nationalacademies.org/publications/1832 symposium] that reviews existing knowledge on Colorado River ecosystem&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==1988==&lt;br /&gt;
*Salt Lake City Area Integrated Projects(CRSP) passed-1989 after a series of public information and comment forums.&lt;br /&gt;
*Glen Canyon Environmental Studies issues [http://archive.library.nau.edu/utils/getfile/collection/cpa/id/61166/filename/61167.pdf ''Glen Canyon Environmental Studies Final Report''], completing Phase I and starting Phase II (1988-1988), which would be accelerated to support environmental impact statement process.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==1987==&lt;br /&gt;
*National Research Council completes review of Glen Canyon Environmental Studies, publishing [http://archive.org/details/riverdammanageme00unse River and Dam Management: a Review of the Bureau of Reclamation's Glen Canyon Environmental Studies]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==1986==&lt;br /&gt;
  &lt;br /&gt;
==1985==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==1984==&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://www.riversimulator.org/Resources/GCDAMP/GCDAMPchronicle/1983FloodGCDhannon.pdf The 1984 Floods]&lt;br /&gt;
*One of the last Razorback Suckers seen in Grand Canyon is caught and released at Bass Rapids&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==1983==&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://www.riversimulator.org/Resources/GCDAMP/GCDAMPchronicle/1983FloodGCDhannon.pdf The 1983 Floods]&lt;br /&gt;
*Glen Canyon Dam releases more than 92,000 cfs to stop Lake Powell from overtopping Glen Canyon Dam.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==1982==&lt;br /&gt;
*Glen Canyon Environmental Studies - Phase I (1982-1988) created to study effects of Glen Canyon Dam operations&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==1980==&lt;br /&gt;
*Lake Powell reaches full pool (3,700 ft)&lt;br /&gt;
*Bonytail chub listed as endangered&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==1979==&lt;br /&gt;
*Grand Canyon National Park designated a UNESCO World Heritage Site&lt;br /&gt;
*USBR proposes an upgrade of Glen Canyon Dam's generators&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==1978==&lt;br /&gt;
*U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service files jeopardy opinion on the effects of Glen Canyon Dam on endangered fishes&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==1975==&lt;br /&gt;
*Grand Canyon National Park Enlargement Act passed&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==1974==&lt;br /&gt;
*Colorado River Basin Salinity Control Act authorized the construction, operation, and maintenance of works in the Colorado River Basin to control the salinity of Colorado River water available for use in the United States and Mexico. Some GCDAMP stakeholders participate in the Salinity Control Forums created by the act.&lt;br /&gt;
*First Lawsuit filed over Glen Canyon Dam operations by commercial raft operators contending that the disruption of normal flows was interfering with their ability to conduct river trips.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==1973==&lt;br /&gt;
*Endangered Species Act (ESA) of 1973 passed to protect and promote the recovery of animals and plants that are in danger of becoming extinct because of the activities of people. Administered by the US Fish and Wildlife Service.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==1972==&lt;br /&gt;
*Last verified record of [https://gcdamp.com/index.php/Colorado_Pikeminnow Colorado Pikeminnow] caught in Grand Canyon at Havasu Creek&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==1971==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==1970==&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/lc/region/pao/pdfiles/opcriter.pdf Long-range Operating Criteria (LROC)] developed for Glen Canyon Dam operations&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==1969==&lt;br /&gt;
*National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA) of 1969 passed requiring Federal agencies to consider the environmental impacts of their proposed actions and reasonable alternatives to those actions.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==1968==&lt;br /&gt;
*Colorado River Basin Project Act passed&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==1967==&lt;br /&gt;
*Humpback chub and Colorado pikeminnow federally listed as endangered&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==1966==&lt;br /&gt;
*National Historic Preservation Act passed&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==1965==&lt;br /&gt;
*[[The 1965 Reservoir Equalization and Channel Cleaning Floods]]&lt;br /&gt;
*United States contract for delivery of power from the Colorado River Storage Project to customers.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==1964==&lt;br /&gt;
*U.S. Supreme Court decision in Arizona v. California confirmed apportionments of Colorado River water authorized in 1928 Boulder Canyon Project Act, including Nevada's allocation of 0.3 maf per year. The Decree in this case set many of the rules under which the river is operated.  &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==1963==&lt;br /&gt;
*Glen Canyon Dam completed as part of the Colorado River Storage Project.&lt;br /&gt;
*U.S. Supreme Cort held in Arizona vs California that, as a result of the Boulder Canyon Project Act, California held an allocation of 4.4 maf, Arizona 2.8 maf, and Nevada 300,000 acre-feet of Colorado River water&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== 1956 ==&lt;br /&gt;
*Colorado River Storage Project Act passed authorizing Glen Canyon Dam&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== 1948 ==&lt;br /&gt;
*Upper Colorado River Basin Compact signed&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== 1944 ==&lt;br /&gt;
*Treaty with Mexico obligating the US to provide 1.5 maf of Colorado River water to Mexico annually&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== 1935 ==&lt;br /&gt;
*Hoover Dam completed &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== 1928 ==&lt;br /&gt;
*Boulder Canyon Project Act passed authorizing Hoover Dam.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== 1922 ==&lt;br /&gt;
*Colorado River Compact signed allocating the Colorado River water between the upper and the lower basins.  Upper basin States have the right to use 7.5 maf/yr only if that quantity is available after meeting delivery requirements of 7.5 maf/yr to the Lower basin plus the amount required to satisfy anticipated claims by Mexico.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== 1921 ==&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://www.parkerliveonline.com/2013/07/24/colorado-river-day-thursday/ Colorado River was officially re-named from the “Grand” to the “Colorado.” (July 25th)] &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== 1919 ==&lt;br /&gt;
*Grand Canyon National Park created&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== 1916 ==&lt;br /&gt;
*National Park Service Organic Act passed&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== 1902 ==&lt;br /&gt;
*Reclamation Act Creates the Bureau of Reclamation&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== 1869 ==&lt;br /&gt;
*Major John Wesley Powell leads first recored expedition to traverse Grand Canyon&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://www.azcentral.com/story/travel/local/history/2014/05/27/powells-death-defying-grand-canyon-odyssey/9596303/ Powell's death-defying Grand Canyon odyssey]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==*11,000 BP==&lt;br /&gt;
*Paleo-Indian peoples occupy Grand Canyon region&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Cellsworth</name></author>	</entry>

	<entry>
		<id>http://gcdamp.com/index.php?title=GCDAMP_History_Time-Line_-Years&amp;diff=11270</id>
		<title>GCDAMP History Time-Line -Years</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://gcdamp.com/index.php?title=GCDAMP_History_Time-Line_-Years&amp;diff=11270"/>
				<updated>2026-09-29T00:55:20Z</updated>
		
		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Cellsworth: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
__NOTOC__&lt;br /&gt;
==2027==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==2026==&lt;br /&gt;
*Start of [https://gcdamp.com/index.php/2027-2028_Operating_Guidelines 2027-2028 Operating Guidelines]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==2025==&lt;br /&gt;
*The [https://gcdamp.com/index.php/The_-12_Mile_Slough -12 Mile Slough] gets renovated&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://gcdamp.com/index.php/SEIS_Bypass_Releases SEIS Bypass Releases] (CoolMix) to control smallmouth bass&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==2024==&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://gcdamp.com/index.php/SEIS_Bypass_Releases SEIS Bypass Releases] (CoolMix) to control smallmouth bass&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==2023==&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://gcdamp.com/index.php/Brown_Trout Brown trout] incentivized harvest at Lees Ferry&lt;br /&gt;
*[[The 2023 Spring HFE| Spring HFE: 39,500 cfs for 72h]] &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==2022==&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://gcdamp.com/index.php/Brown_Trout Brown trout] incentivized harvest at Lees Ferry&lt;br /&gt;
*[[A 2022 Fall HFE| A Fall HFE]] was not conducted due to the discovery of [http://gcdamp.com/index.php/Smallmouth_Bass_Page smallmouth bass] in Glen Canyon (1,600,000 mt)&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://gcdamp.com/index.php/The_Bugflow_Experiment Bugflow Experiment]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==2021==&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://gcdamp.com/index.php/Brown_Trout Brown trout] incentivized harvest at Lees Ferry&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://gcdamp.com/index.php?title=Spring_Disturbance_Flow Spring Disturbance Flow]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==2020==&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://gcdamp.com/index.php/Brown_Trout Brown trout] incentivized harvest at Lees Ferry&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://gcdamp.com/index.php/The_Bugflow_Experiment Bugflow Experiment]&lt;br /&gt;
*COVID moves all meetings for the year to remote&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==2019==&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://gcdamp.com/index.php/The_Bugflow_Experiment Bugflow Experiment]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==2018==&lt;br /&gt;
*[[The 2018 Fall HFE| Fall HFE]]: 38,100 cfs for 60h&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://gcdamp.com/index.php/The_Bugflow_Experiment Bugflow Experiment]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==2017==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==2016==&lt;br /&gt;
*Publication of the [https://gcdamp.com/index.php/Long-term_Experimental_and_Management_Plan_(LTEMP) LTEMP EIS]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2017/1006/ofr20171006.pdf LTEMP Science Plan]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/twg/2016-10-18-twg-meeting/Attach_09b.pdf TWG Protocol Paper]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==2015==&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://gcdamp.com/index.php/Brown_Trout Brown trout] and [https://gcdamp.com/index.php/Green_Sunfish_Page green sunfish] start reproducing in Lees Ferry&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://gcdamp.com/index.php?title=GCDAMP-_HFE_2015 A 2015 Fall HFE] was canceled due to the discovery of [http://gcdamp.com/index.php?title=Green_Sunfish_Page green sunfish] in Glen Canyon (1,168,000 mt)&lt;br /&gt;
*Start of a Triennial Budget and Workplan&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==2014==&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://gcdamp.com/index.php?title=GCDAMP-_HFE_2014 Fall HFE]: 37,500 cfs for 96h&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==2013==&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://gcdamp.com/index.php?title=GCDAMP-_HFE_2013 Fall HFE]: 34,100 cfs for 96h&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==2012==&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://gcdamp.com/index.php/Portal:Desired_Future_Conditions_-DFCs Desired Future Conditions -DFCs]&lt;br /&gt;
*Publication of the [https://gcdamp.com/index.php/The_HFE_Page High Flow Experiment Protocol]&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://gcdamp.com/index.php?title=GCDAMP-_HFE_2012 Fall HFE]: 42,300 cfs for 96h (slow downramp)&lt;br /&gt;
*Razorback Sucker found in lower part of Grand Canyon- believed the fish traveled some 50 miles upstream from Lake Mead.  Last one recorded had been caught in 1990. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==2011==&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://gcdamp.com/index.php?title=Near_Shore_Ecology_(NSE)_Study Fall Steady Flow Experiment]&lt;br /&gt;
*The 2011 Equalization flows&lt;br /&gt;
*Start of a Biennial Budget and Workplan&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://gcdamp.com/index.php/Core_Monitoring_Plan Core Monitoring Plan (draft)]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==2010==&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://gcdamp.com/index.php?title=Near_Shore_Ecology_(NSE)_Study Fall Steady Flow Experiment]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==2009==&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://gcdamp.com/index.php?title=Near_Shore_Ecology_(NSE)_Study Fall Steady Flow Experiment]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==2008==&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://digitalcommons.usu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1153&amp;amp;context=govdocs Spring HFE]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==2007==&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://gcdamp.com/index.php/Interim_Guidelines Beginning of Interim Guidelines for Lower Basin Shortages (2007-2027)]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://gcdamp.com/index.php/Strategic_Science_Plan Strategic Science Plan]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==2006==&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://gcdamp.com/index.php/Trout_Reduction_Efforts Trout removals] from the confluence with the Little Colorado River&lt;br /&gt;
*Long-Term Experimental Plan Environmental Plan (LTEP)&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
==2005==&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://gcdamp.com/index.php/Trout_Reduction_Efforts Trout removals] from the confluence with the Little Colorado River&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==2004==&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://gcdamp.com/index.php/Trout_Reduction_Efforts Trout removals] from the confluence with the Little Colorado River&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2011/3012/ Fall HFE]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://gcdamp.com/index.php/GCDAMP_Budget#:~:text=2004%20GCDAMP%20Goals%20and%20AMWG%20Priority%20Questions GCDAMP Goals and AMWG Priority Questions]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==2003==&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://gcdamp.com/index.php/Trout_Reduction_Efforts Trout removals] from the confluence with the Little Colorado River&lt;br /&gt;
*Fluctuating nonnative fish suppression releases from January through March implemented and continued through 2005.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==2002==&lt;br /&gt;
*U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service announces recovery goals for endangered fishes of the Colorado River Basin.&lt;br /&gt;
*Adaptive Management Work Group recommends implementation of the first 2 yr of an experimental design proposed by the GCMRC.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==2001==&lt;br /&gt;
*Humpback Chub population in Grand Canyon was in decline in the 1990s, and reached a low of about 5,000 adult fish in 2001.&lt;br /&gt;
*Draft ''Strategic Plan for the GCDAMP'' developed by program managers.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==2000==&lt;br /&gt;
*[[The 2000 Low Summer Steady Flow Experiment| The Low Steady Summer Flow Experiment (LSSF)]]&lt;br /&gt;
*Second and third tests of the habitat maintenance flows concept conducted in spring and summer.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==1999==&lt;br /&gt;
*AMWG Colorado River trip to develop the Vision Statement for the GCDAMP&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==1998==&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
==1997==&lt;br /&gt;
*The AMWG held their first meeting on September 10-11, 1997, and officially formed the Glen Canyon Technical Work Group (TWG) as a subgroup to work on tasks charged to them by the AMWG.&lt;br /&gt;
*The TWG was formed to provide stakeholders with involvement in federal decisions concerning the operation of Glen Canyon Dam and Power Plant.&lt;br /&gt;
*[[The 1997 Habitat Maintenance Flow (HMF)|Habitat Maintenance Flow (HMF)]]&lt;br /&gt;
*Strategic Planning Subcommittee (1997-2000)&lt;br /&gt;
*AMWG and TWG fully established &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==1996==&lt;br /&gt;
*[[The 1996 Spring HFE| Beach/Habitat-Building Flow (BHBF)]]&lt;br /&gt;
*Record of Decision on the Operation of Glen Canyon Dam Final Environmental Impact Statement to comply with consultation requirements of the Grand Canyon Protection Act of 1992. (Signed by Secretary of the Interior Bruce Babbitt)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==1995==&lt;br /&gt;
*Establishment of the Grand Canyon Monitoring and Research Center &lt;br /&gt;
*Transition Work Group to act as a bridge between GCES and GCDAMP (1995-1996)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==1994==&lt;br /&gt;
*Programmatic Agreement on Cultural Resources signed between the State of Arizona, Department of the Interior agencies, and six tribes over protection of cultural resources in the river corridor below Glen Canyon Dam.&lt;br /&gt;
*U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service designates critical habitat for four species of endangered Colorado River fish and completes Biological Opinion outlining reasonable and prudent alternatives that must be evaluated for dam operation.&lt;br /&gt;
*Memorandum of Agreement signed for development of a Lower Colorado River Multi-Species Conservation Plan between state agencies in Nevada, California, and Arizona and federal agencies, including the Bureau of Land Management, Bureau of Reclamation, Fish and Wildlife Service, and the National Park Service.[http://www.sci.sdsu.edu/salton/LowerColoradoRiverMSCP.html MSCP History (SDSU)]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==1993==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==1992==&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://www.usbr.gov/uc/legal/gcpa1992.html Grand Canyon Protection Act ] &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==1991==&lt;br /&gt;
*The 1990-91 Experimental Flows&lt;br /&gt;
*Interim operating criteria for Glen Canyon Dam implemented.&lt;br /&gt;
*Razorback Sucker and Kanab Ambersnail federally listed as endangered.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==1990==&lt;br /&gt;
*The 1990-91 Experimental Flows&lt;br /&gt;
*Beginning of Interim Operating Criteria&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==1989==&lt;br /&gt;
*Secretary of the Interior Lujan orders an environmental impact statement on dam operations.&lt;br /&gt;
*National Research Council sponsors [https://www.nationalacademies.org/publications/1832 symposium] that reviews existing knowledge on Colorado River ecosystem&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==1988==&lt;br /&gt;
*Salt Lake City Area Integrated Projects(CRSP) passed-1989 after a series of public information and comment forums.&lt;br /&gt;
*Glen Canyon Environmental Studies issues [http://archive.library.nau.edu/utils/getfile/collection/cpa/id/61166/filename/61167.pdf ''Glen Canyon Environmental Studies Final Report''], completing Phase I and starting Phase II (1988-1988), which would be accelerated to support environmental impact statement process.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==1987==&lt;br /&gt;
*National Research Council completes review of Glen Canyon Environmental Studies, publishing [http://archive.org/details/riverdammanageme00unse River and Dam Management: a Review of the Bureau of Reclamation's Glen Canyon Environmental Studies]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==1986==&lt;br /&gt;
  &lt;br /&gt;
==1985==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==1984==&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://www.riversimulator.org/Resources/GCDAMP/GCDAMPchronicle/1983FloodGCDhannon.pdf The 1984 Floods]&lt;br /&gt;
*One of the last Razorback Suckers seen in Grand Canyon is caught and released at Bass Rapids&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==1983==&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://www.riversimulator.org/Resources/GCDAMP/GCDAMPchronicle/1983FloodGCDhannon.pdf The 1983 Floods]&lt;br /&gt;
*Glen Canyon Dam releases more than 92,000 cfs to stop Lake Powell from overtopping Glen Canyon Dam.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==1982==&lt;br /&gt;
*Glen Canyon Environmental Studies - Phase I (1982-1988) created to study effects of Glen Canyon Dam operations&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==1980==&lt;br /&gt;
*Lake Powell reaches full pool (3,700 ft)&lt;br /&gt;
*Bonytail chub listed as endangered&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==1979==&lt;br /&gt;
*Grand Canyon National Park designated a UNESCO World Heritage Site&lt;br /&gt;
*USBR proposes an upgrade of Glen Canyon Dam's generators&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==1978==&lt;br /&gt;
*U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service files jeopardy opinion on the effects of Glen Canyon Dam on endangered fishes&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==1975==&lt;br /&gt;
*Grand Canyon National Park Enlargement Act passed&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==1974==&lt;br /&gt;
*Colorado River Basin Salinity Control Act authorized the construction, operation, and maintenance of works in the Colorado River Basin to control the salinity of Colorado River water available for use in the United States and Mexico. Some GCDAMP stakeholders participate in the Salinity Control Forums created by the act.&lt;br /&gt;
*First Lawsuit filed over Glen Canyon Dam operations by commercial raft operators contending that the disruption of normal flows was interfering with their ability to conduct river trips.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==1973==&lt;br /&gt;
*Endangered Species Act (ESA) of 1973 passed to protect and promote the recovery of animals and plants that are in danger of becoming extinct because of the activities of people. Administered by the US Fish and Wildlife Service.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==1972==&lt;br /&gt;
*Last verified record of [https://gcdamp.com/index.php/Colorado_Pikeminnow Colorado Pikeminnow] caught in Grand Canyon at Havasu Creek&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==1971==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==1970==&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/lc/region/pao/pdfiles/opcriter.pdf Long-range Operating Criteria (LROC)] developed for Glen Canyon Dam operations&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==1969==&lt;br /&gt;
*National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA) of 1969 passed requiring Federal agencies to consider the environmental impacts of their proposed actions and reasonable alternatives to those actions.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==1968==&lt;br /&gt;
*Colorado River Basin Project Act passed&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==1967==&lt;br /&gt;
*Humpback chub and Colorado pikeminnow federally listed as endangered&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==1966==&lt;br /&gt;
*National Historic Preservation Act passed&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==1965==&lt;br /&gt;
*[[The 1965 Reservoir Equalization and Channel Cleaning Floods]]&lt;br /&gt;
*United States contract for delivery of power from the Colorado River Storage Project to customers.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==1964==&lt;br /&gt;
*U.S. Supreme Court decision in Arizona v. California confirmed apportionments of Colorado River water authorized in 1928 Boulder Canyon Project Act, including Nevada's allocation of 0.3 maf per year. The Decree in this case set many of the rules under which the river is operated.  &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==1963==&lt;br /&gt;
*Glen Canyon Dam completed as part of the Colorado River Storage Project.&lt;br /&gt;
*U.S. Supreme Cort held in Arizona vs California that, as a result of the Boulder Canyon Project Act, California held an allocation of 4.4 maf, Arizona 2.8 maf, and Nevada 300,000 acre-feet of Colorado River water&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== 1956 ==&lt;br /&gt;
*Colorado River Storage Project Act passed authorizing Glen Canyon Dam&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== 1948 ==&lt;br /&gt;
*Upper Colorado River Basin Compact signed&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== 1944 ==&lt;br /&gt;
*Treaty with Mexico obligating the US to provide 1.5 maf of Colorado River water to Mexico annually&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== 1935 ==&lt;br /&gt;
*Hoover Dam completed &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== 1928 ==&lt;br /&gt;
*Boulder Canyon Project Act passed authorizing Hoover Dam.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== 1922 ==&lt;br /&gt;
*Colorado River Compact signed allocating the Colorado River water between the upper and the lower basins.  Upper basin States have the right to use 7.5 maf/yr only if that quantity is available after meeting delivery requirements of 7.5 maf/yr to the Lower basin plus the amount required to satisfy anticipated claims by Mexico.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== 1921 ==&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://www.parkerliveonline.com/2013/07/24/colorado-river-day-thursday/ Colorado River was officially re-named from the “Grand” to the “Colorado.” (July 25th)] &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== 1919 ==&lt;br /&gt;
*Grand Canyon National Park created&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== 1916 ==&lt;br /&gt;
*National Park Service Organic Act passed&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== 1902 ==&lt;br /&gt;
*Reclamation Act Creates the Bureau of Reclamation&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== 1869 ==&lt;br /&gt;
*Major John Wesley Powell leads first recored expedition to traverse Grand Canyon&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://www.azcentral.com/story/travel/local/history/2014/05/27/powells-death-defying-grand-canyon-odyssey/9596303/ Powell's death-defying Grand Canyon odyssey]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==*11,000 BP==&lt;br /&gt;
*Paleo-Indian peoples occupy Grand Canyon region&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Cellsworth</name></author>	</entry>

	<entry>
		<id>http://gcdamp.com/index.php?title=GCDAMP_History_Time-Line_-Years&amp;diff=11269</id>
		<title>GCDAMP History Time-Line -Years</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://gcdamp.com/index.php?title=GCDAMP_History_Time-Line_-Years&amp;diff=11269"/>
				<updated>2026-09-29T00:52:25Z</updated>
		
		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Cellsworth: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
__NOTOC__&lt;br /&gt;
==2027==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==2026==&lt;br /&gt;
*Start of [https://gcdamp.com/index.php/2027-2028_Operating_Guidelines 2027-2028 Operating Guidelines]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==2025==&lt;br /&gt;
*The [https://gcdamp.com/index.php/The_-12_Mile_Slough -12 Mile Slough] gets renovated&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://gcdamp.com/index.php/SEIS_Bypass_Releases SEIS Bypass Releases] (CoolMix) to control smallmouth bass&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==2024==&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://gcdamp.com/index.php/SEIS_Bypass_Releases SEIS Bypass Releases] (CoolMix) to control smallmouth bass&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==2023==&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://gcdamp.com/index.php/Brown_Trout Brown trout] incentivized harvest at Lees Ferry&lt;br /&gt;
*[[The 2023 Spring HFE| Spring HFE: 39,500 cfs for 72h]] &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==2022==&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://gcdamp.com/index.php/Brown_Trout Brown trout] incentivized harvest at Lees Ferry&lt;br /&gt;
*[[A 2022 Fall HFE| A Fall HFE]] was not conducted due to the discovery of [http://gcdamp.com/index.php/Smallmouth_Bass_Page smallmouth bass] in Glen Canyon (1,600,000 mt)&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://gcdamp.com/index.php/The_Bugflow_Experiment Bugflow Experiment]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==2021==&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://gcdamp.com/index.php/Brown_Trout Brown trout] incentivized harvest at Lees Ferry&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://gcdamp.com/index.php?title=Spring_Disturbance_Flow Spring Disturbance Flow]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==2020==&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://gcdamp.com/index.php/Brown_Trout Brown trout] incentivized harvest at Lees Ferry&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://gcdamp.com/index.php/The_Bugflow_Experiment Bugflow Experiment]&lt;br /&gt;
*COVID moves all meetings for the year to remote&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==2019==&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://gcdamp.com/index.php/The_Bugflow_Experiment Bugflow Experiment]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==2018==&lt;br /&gt;
*[[The 2018 Fall HFE| Fall HFE]]: 38,100 cfs for 60h&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://gcdamp.com/index.php/The_Bugflow_Experiment Bugflow Experiment]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==2017==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==2016==&lt;br /&gt;
*Publication of the [https://gcdamp.com/index.php/Long-term_Experimental_and_Management_Plan_(LTEMP) LTEMP EIS]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2017/1006/ofr20171006.pdf LTEMP Science Plan]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/twg/2016-10-18-twg-meeting/Attach_09b.pdf TWG Protocol Paper]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==2015==&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://gcdamp.com/index.php/Brown_Trout Brown trout] and [https://gcdamp.com/index.php/Green_Sunfish_Page green sunfish] start reproducing in Lees Ferry&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://gcdamp.com/index.php?title=GCDAMP-_HFE_2015 A 2015 Fall HFE] was canceled due to the discovery of [http://gcdamp.com/index.php?title=Green_Sunfish_Page green sunfish] in Glen Canyon (1,168,000 mt)&lt;br /&gt;
*Start of a Triennial Budget and Workplan&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==2014==&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://gcdamp.com/index.php?title=GCDAMP-_HFE_2014 Fall HFE]: 37,500 cfs for 96h&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==2013==&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://gcdamp.com/index.php?title=GCDAMP-_HFE_2013 Fall HFE]: 34,100 cfs for 96h&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==2012==&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://gcdamp.com/index.php/Portal:Desired_Future_Conditions_-DFCs Desired Future Conditions -DFCs]&lt;br /&gt;
*Publication of the High Flow Experiment Protocol&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://gcdamp.com/index.php?title=GCDAMP-_HFE_2012 Fall HFE]: 42,300 cfs for 96h (slow downramp)&lt;br /&gt;
*Razorback Sucker found in lower part of Grand Canyon- believed the fish traveled some 50 miles upstream from Lake Mead.  Last one recorded had been caught in 1990. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==2011==&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://gcdamp.com/index.php?title=Near_Shore_Ecology_(NSE)_Study Fall Steady Flow Experiment]&lt;br /&gt;
*The 2011 Equalization flows&lt;br /&gt;
*Start of a Biennial Budget and Workplan&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://gcdamp.com/index.php/Core_Monitoring_Plan Core Monitoring Plan (draft)]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==2010==&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://gcdamp.com/index.php?title=Near_Shore_Ecology_(NSE)_Study Fall Steady Flow Experiment]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==2009==&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://gcdamp.com/index.php?title=Near_Shore_Ecology_(NSE)_Study Fall Steady Flow Experiment]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==2008==&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://digitalcommons.usu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1153&amp;amp;context=govdocs Spring HFE]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==2007==&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://gcdamp.com/index.php/Interim_Guidelines Beginning of Interim Guidelines for Lower Basin Shortages (2007-2027)]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://gcdamp.com/index.php/Strategic_Science_Plan Strategic Science Plan]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==2006==&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://gcdamp.com/index.php/Trout_Reduction_Efforts Trout removals] from the confluence with the Little Colorado River&lt;br /&gt;
*Long-Term Experimental Plan Environmental Plan (LTEP)&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
==2005==&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://gcdamp.com/index.php/Trout_Reduction_Efforts Trout removals] from the confluence with the Little Colorado River&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==2004==&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://gcdamp.com/index.php/Trout_Reduction_Efforts Trout removals] from the confluence with the Little Colorado River&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2011/3012/ Fall HFE]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://gcdamp.com/index.php/GCDAMP_Budget#:~:text=2004%20GCDAMP%20Goals%20and%20AMWG%20Priority%20Questions GCDAMP Goals and AMWG Priority Questions]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==2003==&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://gcdamp.com/index.php/Trout_Reduction_Efforts Trout removals] from the confluence with the Little Colorado River&lt;br /&gt;
*Fluctuating nonnative fish suppression releases from January through March implemented and continued through 2005.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==2002==&lt;br /&gt;
*U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service announces recovery goals for endangered fishes of the Colorado River Basin.&lt;br /&gt;
*Adaptive Management Work Group recommends implementation of the first 2 yr of an experimental design proposed by the GCMRC.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==2001==&lt;br /&gt;
*Humpback Chub population in Grand Canyon was in decline in the 1990s, and reached a low of about 5,000 adult fish in 2001.&lt;br /&gt;
*Draft ''Strategic Plan for the GCDAMP'' developed by program managers.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==2000==&lt;br /&gt;
*[[The 2000 Low Summer Steady Flow Experiment| The Low Steady Summer Flow Experiment (LSSF)]]&lt;br /&gt;
*Second and third tests of the habitat maintenance flows concept conducted in spring and summer.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==1999==&lt;br /&gt;
*AMWG Colorado River trip to develop the Vision Statement for the GCDAMP&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==1998==&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
==1997==&lt;br /&gt;
*The AMWG held their first meeting on September 10-11, 1997, and officially formed the Glen Canyon Technical Work Group (TWG) as a subgroup to work on tasks charged to them by the AMWG.&lt;br /&gt;
*The TWG was formed to provide stakeholders with involvement in federal decisions concerning the operation of Glen Canyon Dam and Power Plant.&lt;br /&gt;
*[[The 1997 Habitat Maintenance Flow (HMF)|Habitat Maintenance Flow (HMF)]]&lt;br /&gt;
*Strategic Planning Subcommittee (1997-2000)&lt;br /&gt;
*AMWG and TWG fully established &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==1996==&lt;br /&gt;
*[[The 1996 Spring HFE| Beach/Habitat-Building Flow (BHBF)]]&lt;br /&gt;
*Record of Decision on the Operation of Glen Canyon Dam Final Environmental Impact Statement to comply with consultation requirements of the Grand Canyon Protection Act of 1992. (Signed by Secretary of the Interior Bruce Babbitt)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==1995==&lt;br /&gt;
*Establishment of the Grand Canyon Monitoring and Research Center &lt;br /&gt;
*Transition Work Group to act as a bridge between GCES and GCDAMP (1995-1996)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==1994==&lt;br /&gt;
*Programmatic Agreement on Cultural Resources signed between the State of Arizona, Department of the Interior agencies, and six tribes over protection of cultural resources in the river corridor below Glen Canyon Dam.&lt;br /&gt;
*U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service designates critical habitat for four species of endangered Colorado River fish and completes Biological Opinion outlining reasonable and prudent alternatives that must be evaluated for dam operation.&lt;br /&gt;
*Memorandum of Agreement signed for development of a Lower Colorado River Multi-Species Conservation Plan between state agencies in Nevada, California, and Arizona and federal agencies, including the Bureau of Land Management, Bureau of Reclamation, Fish and Wildlife Service, and the National Park Service.[http://www.sci.sdsu.edu/salton/LowerColoradoRiverMSCP.html MSCP History (SDSU)]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==1993==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==1992==&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://www.usbr.gov/uc/legal/gcpa1992.html Grand Canyon Protection Act ] &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==1991==&lt;br /&gt;
*The 1990-91 Experimental Flows&lt;br /&gt;
*Interim operating criteria for Glen Canyon Dam implemented.&lt;br /&gt;
*Razorback Sucker and Kanab Ambersnail federally listed as endangered.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==1990==&lt;br /&gt;
*The 1990-91 Experimental Flows&lt;br /&gt;
*Beginning of Interim Operating Criteria&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==1989==&lt;br /&gt;
*Secretary of the Interior Lujan orders an environmental impact statement on dam operations.&lt;br /&gt;
*National Research Council sponsors [https://www.nationalacademies.org/publications/1832 symposium] that reviews existing knowledge on Colorado River ecosystem&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==1988==&lt;br /&gt;
*Salt Lake City Area Integrated Projects(CRSP) passed-1989 after a series of public information and comment forums.&lt;br /&gt;
*Glen Canyon Environmental Studies issues [http://archive.library.nau.edu/utils/getfile/collection/cpa/id/61166/filename/61167.pdf ''Glen Canyon Environmental Studies Final Report''], completing Phase I and starting Phase II (1988-1988), which would be accelerated to support environmental impact statement process.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==1987==&lt;br /&gt;
*National Research Council completes review of Glen Canyon Environmental Studies, publishing [http://archive.org/details/riverdammanageme00unse River and Dam Management: a Review of the Bureau of Reclamation's Glen Canyon Environmental Studies]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==1986==&lt;br /&gt;
  &lt;br /&gt;
==1985==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==1984==&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://www.riversimulator.org/Resources/GCDAMP/GCDAMPchronicle/1983FloodGCDhannon.pdf The 1984 Floods]&lt;br /&gt;
*One of the last Razorback Suckers seen in Grand Canyon is caught and released at Bass Rapids&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==1983==&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://www.riversimulator.org/Resources/GCDAMP/GCDAMPchronicle/1983FloodGCDhannon.pdf The 1983 Floods]&lt;br /&gt;
*Glen Canyon Dam releases more than 92,000 cfs to stop Lake Powell from overtopping Glen Canyon Dam.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==1982==&lt;br /&gt;
*Glen Canyon Environmental Studies - Phase I (1982-1988) created to study effects of Glen Canyon Dam operations&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==1980==&lt;br /&gt;
*Lake Powell reaches full pool (3,700 ft)&lt;br /&gt;
*Bonytail chub listed as endangered&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==1979==&lt;br /&gt;
*Grand Canyon National Park designated a UNESCO World Heritage Site&lt;br /&gt;
*USBR proposes an upgrade of Glen Canyon Dam's generators&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==1978==&lt;br /&gt;
*U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service files jeopardy opinion on the effects of Glen Canyon Dam on endangered fishes&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==1975==&lt;br /&gt;
*Grand Canyon National Park Enlargement Act passed&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==1974==&lt;br /&gt;
*Colorado River Basin Salinity Control Act authorized the construction, operation, and maintenance of works in the Colorado River Basin to control the salinity of Colorado River water available for use in the United States and Mexico. Some GCDAMP stakeholders participate in the Salinity Control Forums created by the act.&lt;br /&gt;
*First Lawsuit filed over Glen Canyon Dam operations by commercial raft operators contending that the disruption of normal flows was interfering with their ability to conduct river trips.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==1973==&lt;br /&gt;
*Endangered Species Act (ESA) of 1973 passed to protect and promote the recovery of animals and plants that are in danger of becoming extinct because of the activities of people. Administered by the US Fish and Wildlife Service.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==1972==&lt;br /&gt;
*Last verified record of [https://gcdamp.com/index.php/Colorado_Pikeminnow Colorado Pikeminnow] caught in Grand Canyon at Havasu Creek&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==1971==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==1970==&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/lc/region/pao/pdfiles/opcriter.pdf Long-range Operating Criteria (LROC)] developed for Glen Canyon Dam operations&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==1969==&lt;br /&gt;
*National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA) of 1969 passed requiring Federal agencies to consider the environmental impacts of their proposed actions and reasonable alternatives to those actions.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==1968==&lt;br /&gt;
*Colorado River Basin Project Act passed&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==1967==&lt;br /&gt;
*Humpback chub and Colorado pikeminnow federally listed as endangered&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==1966==&lt;br /&gt;
*National Historic Preservation Act passed&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==1965==&lt;br /&gt;
*[[The 1965 Reservoir Equalization and Channel Cleaning Floods]]&lt;br /&gt;
*United States contract for delivery of power from the Colorado River Storage Project to customers.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==1964==&lt;br /&gt;
*U.S. Supreme Court decision in Arizona v. California confirmed apportionments of Colorado River water authorized in 1928 Boulder Canyon Project Act, including Nevada's allocation of 0.3 maf per year. The Decree in this case set many of the rules under which the river is operated.  &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==1963==&lt;br /&gt;
*Glen Canyon Dam completed as part of the Colorado River Storage Project.&lt;br /&gt;
*U.S. Supreme Cort held in Arizona vs California that, as a result of the Boulder Canyon Project Act, California held an allocation of 4.4 maf, Arizona 2.8 maf, and Nevada 300,000 acre-feet of Colorado River water&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== 1956 ==&lt;br /&gt;
*Colorado River Storage Project Act passed authorizing Glen Canyon Dam&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== 1948 ==&lt;br /&gt;
*Upper Colorado River Basin Compact signed&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== 1944 ==&lt;br /&gt;
*Treaty with Mexico obligating the US to provide 1.5 maf of Colorado River water to Mexico annually&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== 1935 ==&lt;br /&gt;
*Hoover Dam completed &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== 1928 ==&lt;br /&gt;
*Boulder Canyon Project Act passed authorizing Hoover Dam.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== 1922 ==&lt;br /&gt;
*Colorado River Compact signed allocating the Colorado River water between the upper and the lower basins.  Upper basin States have the right to use 7.5 maf/yr only if that quantity is available after meeting delivery requirements of 7.5 maf/yr to the Lower basin plus the amount required to satisfy anticipated claims by Mexico.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== 1921 ==&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://www.parkerliveonline.com/2013/07/24/colorado-river-day-thursday/ Colorado River was officially re-named from the “Grand” to the “Colorado.” (July 25th)] &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== 1919 ==&lt;br /&gt;
*Grand Canyon National Park created&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== 1916 ==&lt;br /&gt;
*National Park Service Organic Act passed&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== 1902 ==&lt;br /&gt;
*Reclamation Act Creates the Bureau of Reclamation&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== 1869 ==&lt;br /&gt;
*Major John Wesley Powell leads first recored expedition to traverse Grand Canyon&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://www.azcentral.com/story/travel/local/history/2014/05/27/powells-death-defying-grand-canyon-odyssey/9596303/ Powell's death-defying Grand Canyon odyssey]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==*11,000 BP==&lt;br /&gt;
*Paleo-Indian peoples occupy Grand Canyon region&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Cellsworth</name></author>	</entry>

	<entry>
		<id>http://gcdamp.com/index.php?title=GCDAMP_History_Time-Line_-Years&amp;diff=11268</id>
		<title>GCDAMP History Time-Line -Years</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://gcdamp.com/index.php?title=GCDAMP_History_Time-Line_-Years&amp;diff=11268"/>
				<updated>2026-09-29T00:47:25Z</updated>
		
		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Cellsworth: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
__NOTOC__&lt;br /&gt;
==2027==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==2026==&lt;br /&gt;
*Start of [https://gcdamp.com/index.php/2027-2028_Operating_Guidelines 2027-2028 Operating Guidelines]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==2025==&lt;br /&gt;
*The [https://gcdamp.com/index.php/The_-12_Mile_Slough -12 Mile Slough] gets renovated&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://gcdamp.com/index.php/SEIS_Bypass_Releases SEIS Bypass Releases] (CoolMix) to control smallmouth bass&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==2024==&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://gcdamp.com/index.php/SEIS_Bypass_Releases SEIS Bypass Releases] (CoolMix) to control smallmouth bass&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==2023==&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://gcdamp.com/index.php/Brown_Trout Brown trout] incentivized harvest at Lees Ferry&lt;br /&gt;
*[[The 2023 Spring HFE| The 2023 Spring HFE: 39,500 cfs for 72h]] &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==2022==&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://gcdamp.com/index.php/Brown_Trout Brown trout] incentivized harvest at Lees Ferry&lt;br /&gt;
*[[A 2022 Fall HFE| A 2022 Fall HFE]] was not conducted due to the discovery of [http://gcdamp.com/index.php/Smallmouth_Bass_Page smallmouth bass] in Glen Canyon (1,600,000 mt)&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://gcdamp.com/index.php/The_Bugflow_Experiment Bugflow Experiment]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==2021==&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://gcdamp.com/index.php/Brown_Trout Brown trout] incentivized harvest at Lees Ferry&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://gcdamp.com/index.php?title=Spring_Disturbance_Flow Spring Disturbance Flow]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==2020==&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://gcdamp.com/index.php/Brown_Trout Brown trout] incentivized harvest at Lees Ferry&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://gcdamp.com/index.php/The_Bugflow_Experiment Bugflow Experiment]&lt;br /&gt;
*COVID moves all meetings for the year to remote&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==2019==&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://gcdamp.com/index.php/The_Bugflow_Experiment Bugflow Experiment]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==2018==&lt;br /&gt;
*[[The 2018 Fall HFE]]: 38,100 cfs for 60h&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://gcdamp.com/index.php/The_Bugflow_Experiment Bugflow Experiment]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==2017==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==2016==&lt;br /&gt;
*Publication of the [https://gcdamp.com/index.php/Long-term_Experimental_and_Management_Plan_(LTEMP) LTEMP EIS]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2017/1006/ofr20171006.pdf LTEMP Science Plan]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/twg/2016-10-18-twg-meeting/Attach_09b.pdf TWG Protocol Paper]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==2015==&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://gcdamp.com/index.php/Brown_Trout Brown trout] and [https://gcdamp.com/index.php/Green_Sunfish_Page green sunfish] start reproducing in Lees Ferry&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://gcdamp.com/index.php?title=GCDAMP-_HFE_2015 A 2015 Fall HFE] was canceled due to the discovery of [http://gcdamp.com/index.php?title=Green_Sunfish_Page green sunfish] in Glen Canyon (1,168,000 mt)&lt;br /&gt;
*Start of a Triennial Budget and Workplan&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==2014==&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://gcdamp.com/index.php?title=GCDAMP-_HFE_2014 The 2014 Fall HFE]: 37,500 cfs for 96h&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==2013==&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://gcdamp.com/index.php?title=GCDAMP-_HFE_2013 The 2013 Fall HFE]: 34,100 cfs for 96h&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==2012==&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://gcdamp.com/index.php/Portal:Desired_Future_Conditions_-DFCs Desired Future Conditions -DFCs]&lt;br /&gt;
*Publication of the High Flow Experiment Protocol&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://gcdamp.com/index.php?title=GCDAMP-_HFE_2012 The 2012 Fall HFE]: 42,300 cfs for 96h (slow downramp)&lt;br /&gt;
*Razorback Sucker found in lower part of Grand Canyon- believed the fish traveled some 50 miles upstream from Lake Mead.  Last one recorded had been caught in 1990. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==2011==&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://gcdamp.com/index.php?title=Near_Shore_Ecology_(NSE)_Study 2009-2011 Fall Steady Flow Experiment]&lt;br /&gt;
*The 2011 Equalization flows&lt;br /&gt;
*Start of a Biennial Budget and Workplan&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://gcdamp.com/index.php/Core_Monitoring_Plan Core Monitoring Plan (draft)]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==2010==&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://gcdamp.com/index.php?title=Near_Shore_Ecology_(NSE)_Study 2009-2011 Fall Steady Flow Experiment]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==2009==&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://gcdamp.com/index.php?title=Near_Shore_Ecology_(NSE)_Study 2009-2011 Fall Steady Flow Experiment]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==2008==&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://digitalcommons.usu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1153&amp;amp;context=govdocs The 2008 Spring HFE]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==2007==&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://gcdamp.com/index.php/Interim_Guidelines Beginning of Interim Guidelines for Lower Basin Shortages (2007-2027)]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://gcdamp.com/index.php/Strategic_Science_Plan Strategic Science Plan]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==2006==&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://gcdamp.com/index.php/Trout_Reduction_Efforts Trout removals] from the confluence with the Little Colorado River&lt;br /&gt;
*Long-Term Experimental Plan Environmental Plan (LTEP)&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
==2005==&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://gcdamp.com/index.php/Trout_Reduction_Efforts Trout removals] from the confluence with the Little Colorado River&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==2004==&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://gcdamp.com/index.php/Trout_Reduction_Efforts Trout removals] from the confluence with the Little Colorado River&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2011/3012/ The 2004 Fall HFE]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://gcdamp.com/index.php/GCDAMP_Budget#:~:text=2004%20GCDAMP%20Goals%20and%20AMWG%20Priority%20Questions GCDAMP Goals and AMWG Priority Questions]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==2003==&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://gcdamp.com/index.php/Trout_Reduction_Efforts Trout removals] from the confluence with the Little Colorado River&lt;br /&gt;
*Fluctuating nonnative fish suppression releases from January through March implemented and continued through 2005.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==2002==&lt;br /&gt;
*U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service announces recovery goals for endangered fishes of the Colorado River Basin.&lt;br /&gt;
*Adaptive Management Work Group recommends implementation of the first 2 yr of an experimental design proposed by the GCMRC.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==2001==&lt;br /&gt;
*Humpback Chub population in Grand Canyon was in decline in the 1990s, and reached a low of about 5,000 adult fish in 2001.&lt;br /&gt;
*Draft ''Strategic Plan for the GCDAMP'' developed by program managers.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==2000==&lt;br /&gt;
*[[The 2000 Low Summer Steady Flow Experiment| The 2000 Low Steady Summer Flow Experiment (LSSF)]]&lt;br /&gt;
*Second and third tests of the habitat maintenance flows concept conducted in spring and summer.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==1999==&lt;br /&gt;
*AMWG Colorado River trip to develop the Vision Statement for the GCDAMP&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==1998==&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
==1997==&lt;br /&gt;
*The AMWG held their first meeting on September 10-11, 1997, and officially formed the Glen Canyon Technical Work Group (TWG) as a subgroup to work on tasks charged to them by the AMWG.&lt;br /&gt;
*The TWG was formed to provide stakeholders with involvement in federal decisions concerning the operation of Glen Canyon Dam and Power Plant.&lt;br /&gt;
*[[The 1997 Habitat Maintenance Flow (HMF)]]&lt;br /&gt;
*Strategic Planning Subcommittee (1997-2000)&lt;br /&gt;
*AMWG and TWG fully established &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==1996==&lt;br /&gt;
*[[The 1996 Spring HFE| The 1996 Beach/Habitat-Building Flow (BHBF)]]&lt;br /&gt;
*Record of Decision on the Operation of Glen Canyon Dam Final Environmental Impact Statement to comply with consultation requirements of the Grand Canyon Protection Act of 1992. (Signed by Secretary of the Interior Bruce Babbitt)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==1995==&lt;br /&gt;
*Establishment of the Grand Canyon Monitoring and Research Center &lt;br /&gt;
*Transition Work Group to act as a bridge between GCES and GCDAMP (1995-1996)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==1994==&lt;br /&gt;
*Programmatic Agreement on Cultural Resources signed between the State of Arizona, Department of the Interior agencies, and six tribes over protection of cultural resources in the river corridor below Glen Canyon Dam.&lt;br /&gt;
*U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service designates critical habitat for four species of endangered Colorado River fish and completes Biological Opinion outlining reasonable and prudent alternatives that must be evaluated for dam operation.&lt;br /&gt;
*Memorandum of Agreement signed for development of a Lower Colorado River Multi-Species Conservation Plan between state agencies in Nevada, California, and Arizona and federal agencies, including the Bureau of Land Management, Bureau of Reclamation, Fish and Wildlife Service, and the National Park Service.[http://www.sci.sdsu.edu/salton/LowerColoradoRiverMSCP.html MSCP History (SDSU)]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==1993==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==1992==&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://www.usbr.gov/uc/legal/gcpa1992.html Grand Canyon Protection Act of 1992] passed&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==1991==&lt;br /&gt;
*The 1990-91 Experimental Flows&lt;br /&gt;
*Interim operating criteria for Glen Canyon Dam implemented.&lt;br /&gt;
*Razorback Sucker and Kanab Ambersnail federally listed as endangered.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==1990==&lt;br /&gt;
*The 1990-91 Experimental Flows&lt;br /&gt;
*Beginning of Interim Operating Criteria&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==1989==&lt;br /&gt;
*Secretary of the Interior Lujan orders an environmental impact statement on dam operations.&lt;br /&gt;
*National Research Council sponsors [https://www.nationalacademies.org/publications/1832 symposium] that reviews existing knowledge on Colorado River ecosystem&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==1988==&lt;br /&gt;
*Salt Lake City Area Integrated Projects(CRSP)passed-1989 after a series of public information and comment forums.&lt;br /&gt;
*Glen Canyon Environmental Studies issues [http://archive.library.nau.edu/utils/getfile/collection/cpa/id/61166/filename/61167.pdf ''Glen Canyon Environmental Studies Final Report''], completing Phase I and starting Phase II (1988-1988), which would be accelerated to support environmental impact statement process.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==1987==&lt;br /&gt;
*National Research Council completes review of Glen Canyon Environmental Studies, publishing [http://archive.org/details/riverdammanageme00unse River and Dam Management: a Review of the Bureau of Reclamation's Glen Canyon Environmental Studies]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==1986==&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://www.riversimulator.org/Resources/GCDAMP/GCDAMPchronicle/1983FloodGCDhannon.pdf The 1983-86 Floods]&lt;br /&gt;
  &lt;br /&gt;
==1985==&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://www.riversimulator.org/Resources/GCDAMP/GCDAMPchronicle/1983FloodGCDhannon.pdf The 1983-86 Floods]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==1984==&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://www.riversimulator.org/Resources/GCDAMP/GCDAMPchronicle/1983FloodGCDhannon.pdf The 1983-86 Floods]&lt;br /&gt;
*One of the last Razorback Suckers seen in Grand Canyon is caught and released at Bass Rapids&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==1983==&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://www.riversimulator.org/Resources/GCDAMP/GCDAMPchronicle/1983FloodGCDhannon.pdf The 1983-86 Floods]&lt;br /&gt;
*Glen Canyon Dam releases more than 92,000 cfs to stop Lake Powell from overtopping Glen Canyon Dam.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==1982==&lt;br /&gt;
*Glen Canyon Environmental Studies - Phase I (1982-1988) created to study effects of Glen Canyon Dam operations&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==1980==&lt;br /&gt;
*Lake Powell reaches full pool (3,700 ft)&lt;br /&gt;
*Bonytail chub listed as endangered&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==1979==&lt;br /&gt;
*Grand Canyon National Park designated a UNESCO World Heritage Site&lt;br /&gt;
*USBR proposes an upgrade of Glen Canyon Dam's generators&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==1978==&lt;br /&gt;
*U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service files jeopardy opinion on the effects of Glen Canyon Dam on endangered fishes&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==1975==&lt;br /&gt;
*Grand Canyon National Park Enlargement Act passed&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==1974==&lt;br /&gt;
*Colorado River Basin Salinity Control Act authorized the construction, operation, and maintenance of works in the Colorado River Basin to control the salinity of Colorado River water available for use in the United States and Mexico. Some GCDAMP stakeholders participate in the Salinity Control Forums created by the act.&lt;br /&gt;
*First Lawsuit filed over Glen Canyon Dam operations by commercial raft operators contending that the disruption of normal flows was interfering with their ability to conduct river trips.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==1973==&lt;br /&gt;
*Endangered Species Act (ESA) of 1973 passed to protect and promote the recovery of animals and plants that are in danger of becoming extinct because of the activities of people. Administered by the US Fish and Wildlife Service.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==1972==&lt;br /&gt;
*Last verified record of [https://gcdamp.com/index.php/Colorado_Pikeminnow Colorado Pikeminnow] caught in Grand Canyon at Havasu Creek&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==1971==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==1970==&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/lc/region/pao/pdfiles/opcriter.pdf Long-range Operating Criteria (LROC)] developed for Glen Canyon Dam operations&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==1969==&lt;br /&gt;
*National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA) of 1969 passed requiring Federal agencies to consider the environmental impacts of their proposed actions and reasonable alternatives to those actions.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==1968==&lt;br /&gt;
*Colorado River Basin Project Act passed&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==1967==&lt;br /&gt;
*Humpback chub and Colorado pikeminnow federally listed as endangered&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==1966==&lt;br /&gt;
*National Historic Preservation Act passed&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==1965==&lt;br /&gt;
*[[The 1965 Reservoir Equalization and Channel Cleaning Floods]]&lt;br /&gt;
*United States contract for delivery of power from the Colorado River Storage Project to customers.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==1964==&lt;br /&gt;
*U.S. Supreme Court decision in Arizona v. California confirmed apportionments of Colorado River water authorized in 1928 Boulder Canyon Project Act, including Nevada's allocation of 0.3 maf per year. The Decree in this case set many of the rules under which the river is operated.  &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==1963==&lt;br /&gt;
*Glen Canyon Dam completed as part of the Colorado River Storage Project.&lt;br /&gt;
*U.S. Supreme Cort held in Arizona vs California that, as a result of the Boulder Canyon Project Act, California held an allocation of 4.4 maf, Arizona 2.8 maf, and Nevada 300,000 acre-feet of Colorado River water&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== 1956 ==&lt;br /&gt;
*Colorado River Storage Project Act passed authorizing Glen Canyon Dam&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== 1948 ==&lt;br /&gt;
*Upper Colorado River Basin Compact signed&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== 1944 ==&lt;br /&gt;
*Treaty with Mexico obligating the US to provide 1.5 maf of Colorado River water to Mexico annually&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== 1935 ==&lt;br /&gt;
*Hoover Dam completed &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== 1928 ==&lt;br /&gt;
*Boulder Canyon Project Act passed authorizing Hoover Dam.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== 1922 ==&lt;br /&gt;
*Colorado River Compact signed allocating the Colorado River water between the upper and the lower basins.  Upper basin States have the right to use 7.5 maf/yr only if that quantity is available after meeting delivery requirements of 7.5 maf/yr to the Lower basin plus the amount required to satisfy anticipated claims by Mexico.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== 1921 ==&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://www.parkerliveonline.com/2013/07/24/colorado-river-day-thursday/ Colorado River was officially re-named from the “Grand” to the “Colorado.” (July 25th)] &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== 1919 ==&lt;br /&gt;
*Grand Canyon National Park created&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== 1916 ==&lt;br /&gt;
*National Park Service Organic Act passed&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== 1902 ==&lt;br /&gt;
*Reclamation Act Creates the Bureau of Reclamation&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== 1869 ==&lt;br /&gt;
*Major John Wesley Powell leads first recored expedition to traverse Grand Canyon&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://www.azcentral.com/story/travel/local/history/2014/05/27/powells-death-defying-grand-canyon-odyssey/9596303/ Powell's death-defying Grand Canyon odyssey]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==*11,000 BP==&lt;br /&gt;
*Paleo-Indian peoples occupy Grand Canyon region&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Cellsworth</name></author>	</entry>

	<entry>
		<id>http://gcdamp.com/index.php?title=GCDAMP_History_Time-Line_-Years&amp;diff=11267</id>
		<title>GCDAMP History Time-Line -Years</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://gcdamp.com/index.php?title=GCDAMP_History_Time-Line_-Years&amp;diff=11267"/>
				<updated>2026-09-28T23:20:03Z</updated>
		
		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Cellsworth: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
__NOTOC__&lt;br /&gt;
==2027==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==2026==&lt;br /&gt;
*Start of [https://gcdamp.com/index.php/2027-2028_Operating_Guidelines 2027-2028 Operating Guidelines]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==2025==&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://gcdamp.com/index.php/SEIS_Bypass_Releases SEIS Bypass Releases] (CoolMix) to control smallmouth bass&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==2024==&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://gcdamp.com/index.php/SEIS_Bypass_Releases SEIS Bypass Releases] (CoolMix) to control smallmouth bass&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==2023==&lt;br /&gt;
*[[The 2023 Spring HFE| The 2023 Spring HFE: 39,500 cfs for 72h]] &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==2022==&lt;br /&gt;
*[[A 2022 Fall HFE| A 2022 Fall HFE]] was not conducted due to the discovery of [http://gcdamp.com/index.php/Smallmouth_Bass_Page smallmouth bass] in Glen Canyon (1,600,000 mt)&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://gcdamp.com/index.php/The_Bugflow_Experiment The 2022 Bugflow Experiment]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==2021==&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://gcdamp.com/index.php?title=Spring_Disturbance_Flow The 2021 Spring Disturbance Flow]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==2020==&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://gcdamp.com/index.php/The_Bugflow_Experiment The 2020 Bugflow Experiment]&lt;br /&gt;
*COVID moves all meetings for the year to remote&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==2019==&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://gcdamp.com/index.php/The_Bugflow_Experiment The 2019 Bugflow Experiment]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==2018==&lt;br /&gt;
*[[The 2018 Fall HFE]]: 38,100 cfs for 60h&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://gcdamp.com/index.php/The_Bugflow_Experiment The 2018 Bugflow Experiment]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==2017==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==2016==&lt;br /&gt;
*Publication of the LTEMP EIS&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2017/1006/ofr20171006.pdf LTEMP Science Plan]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/twg/2016-10-18-twg-meeting/Attach_09b.pdf TWG Protocol Paper]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==2015==&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://gcdamp.com/index.php?title=GCDAMP-_HFE_2015 A 2015 Fall HFE] was canceled due to the discovery of [http://gcdamp.com/index.php?title=Green_Sunfish_Page green sunfish] in Glen Canyon (1,168,000 mt)&lt;br /&gt;
*Start of a Triennial Budget and Workplan&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==2014==&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://gcdamp.com/index.php?title=GCDAMP-_HFE_2014 The 2014 Fall HFE]: 37,500 cfs for 96h&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==2013==&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://gcdamp.com/index.php?title=GCDAMP-_HFE_2013 The 2013 Fall HFE]: 34,100 cfs for 96h&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==2012==&lt;br /&gt;
*Publication of the High Flow Experiment Protocol&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://gcdamp.com/index.php?title=GCDAMP-_HFE_2012 The 2012 Fall HFE]: 42,300 cfs for 96h (slow downramp)&lt;br /&gt;
*Razorback Sucker found in lower part of Grand Canyon- believed the fish traveled some 50 miles upstream from Lake Mead.  Last one recorded had been caught in 1990. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==2011==&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://gcdamp.com/index.php?title=Near_Shore_Ecology_(NSE)_Study 2009-2011 Fall Steady Flow Experiment]&lt;br /&gt;
*The 2011 Equalization flows&lt;br /&gt;
*Start of a Biennial Budget and Workplan&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://gcdamp.com/index.php/Core_Monitoring_Plan Core Monitoring Plan (draft)]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==2010==&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://gcdamp.com/index.php?title=Near_Shore_Ecology_(NSE)_Study 2009-2011 Fall Steady Flow Experiment]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==2009==&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://gcdamp.com/index.php?title=Near_Shore_Ecology_(NSE)_Study 2009-2011 Fall Steady Flow Experiment]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==2008==&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://digitalcommons.usu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1153&amp;amp;context=govdocs The 2008 Spring HFE]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==2007==&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://gcdamp.com/index.php/Interim_Guidelines Beginning of Interim Guidelines for Lower Basin Shortages (2007-2027)]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://gcdamp.com/index.php/Strategic_Science_Plan Strategic Science Plan]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==2006==&lt;br /&gt;
*Long-Term Experimental Plan Environmental Plan (LTEP)&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
==2005==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==2004==&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2011/3012/ The 2004 Fall HFE]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://gcdamp.com/index.php/GCDAMP_Budget#:~:text=2004%20GCDAMP%20Goals%20and%20AMWG%20Priority%20Questions GCDAMP Goals and AMWG Priority Questions]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==2003==&lt;br /&gt;
*Experiment begun to remove nonnative trout from the Colorado River in Grand Canyon.&lt;br /&gt;
*Fluctuating nonnative fish suppression releases from January through March implemented and continued through 2005.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==2002==&lt;br /&gt;
*U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service announces recovery goals for endangered fishes of the Colorado River Basin.&lt;br /&gt;
*Adaptive Management Work Group recommends implementation of the first 2 yr of an experimental design proposed by the GCMRC.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==2001==&lt;br /&gt;
*Humpback Chub population in Grand Canyon was in decline in the 1990s, and reached a low of about 5,000 adult fish in 2001.&lt;br /&gt;
*Draft ''Strategic Plan for the GCDAMP'' developed by program managers.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==2000==&lt;br /&gt;
*[[The 2000 Low Summer Steady Flow Experiment| The 2000 Low Steady Summer Flow Experiment (LSSF)]]&lt;br /&gt;
*Second and third tests of the habitat maintenance flows concept conducted in spring and summer.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==1999==&lt;br /&gt;
*AMWG Colorado River trip to develop the Vision Statement for the GCDAMP&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==1998==&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
==1997==&lt;br /&gt;
*The AMWG held their first meeting on September 10-11, 1997, and officially formed the Glen Canyon Technical Work Group (TWG) as a subgroup to work on tasks charged to them by the AMWG.&lt;br /&gt;
*The TWG was formed to provide stakeholders with involvement in federal decisions concerning the operation of Glen Canyon Dam and Power Plant.&lt;br /&gt;
*[[The 1997 Habitat Maintenance Flow (HMF)]]&lt;br /&gt;
*Strategic Planning Subcommittee (1997-2000)&lt;br /&gt;
*AMWG and TWG fully established &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==1996==&lt;br /&gt;
*[[The 1996 Spring HFE| The 1996 Beach/Habitat-Building Flow (BHBF)]]&lt;br /&gt;
*Record of Decision on the Operation of Glen Canyon Dam Final Environmental Impact Statement to comply with consultation requirements of the Grand Canyon Protection Act of 1992. (Signed by Secretary of the Interior Bruce Babbitt)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==1995==&lt;br /&gt;
*Establishment of the Grand Canyon Monitoring and Research Center &lt;br /&gt;
*Transition Work Group to act as a bridge between GCES and GCDAMP (1995-1996)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==1994==&lt;br /&gt;
*Programmatic Agreement on Cultural Resources signed between the State of Arizona, Department of the Interior agencies, and six tribes over protection of cultural resources in the river corridor below Glen Canyon Dam.&lt;br /&gt;
*U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service designates critical habitat for four species of endangered Colorado River fish and completes Biological Opinion outlining reasonable and prudent alternatives that must be evaluated for dam operation.&lt;br /&gt;
*Memorandum of Agreement signed for development of a Lower Colorado River Multi-Species Conservation Plan between state agencies in Nevada, California, and Arizona and federal agencies, including the Bureau of Land Management, Bureau of Reclamation, Fish and Wildlife Service, and the National Park Service.[http://www.sci.sdsu.edu/salton/LowerColoradoRiverMSCP.html MSCP History (SDSU)]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==1993==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==1992==&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://www.usbr.gov/uc/legal/gcpa1992.html Grand Canyon Protection Act of 1992] passed&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==1991==&lt;br /&gt;
*The 1990-91 Experimental Flows&lt;br /&gt;
*Interim operating criteria for Glen Canyon Dam implemented.&lt;br /&gt;
*Razorback Sucker and Kanab Ambersnail federally listed as endangered.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==1990==&lt;br /&gt;
*The 1990-91 Experimental Flows&lt;br /&gt;
*Beginning of Interim Operating Criteria&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==1989==&lt;br /&gt;
*Secretary of the Interior Lujan orders an environmental impact statement on dam operations.&lt;br /&gt;
*National Research Council sponsors [https://www.nationalacademies.org/publications/1832 symposium] that reviews existing knowledge on Colorado River ecosystem&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==1988==&lt;br /&gt;
*Salt Lake City Area Integrated Projects(CRSP)passed-1989 after a series of public information and comment forums.&lt;br /&gt;
*Glen Canyon Environmental Studies issues [http://archive.library.nau.edu/utils/getfile/collection/cpa/id/61166/filename/61167.pdf ''Glen Canyon Environmental Studies Final Report''], completing Phase I and starting Phase II (1988-1988), which would be accelerated to support environmental impact statement process.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==1987==&lt;br /&gt;
*National Research Council completes review of Glen Canyon Environmental Studies, publishing [http://archive.org/details/riverdammanageme00unse River and Dam Management: a Review of the Bureau of Reclamation's Glen Canyon Environmental Studies]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==1986==&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://www.riversimulator.org/Resources/GCDAMP/GCDAMPchronicle/1983FloodGCDhannon.pdf The 1983-86 Floods]&lt;br /&gt;
  &lt;br /&gt;
==1985==&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://www.riversimulator.org/Resources/GCDAMP/GCDAMPchronicle/1983FloodGCDhannon.pdf The 1983-86 Floods]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==1984==&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://www.riversimulator.org/Resources/GCDAMP/GCDAMPchronicle/1983FloodGCDhannon.pdf The 1983-86 Floods]&lt;br /&gt;
*One of the last Razorback Suckers seen in Grand Canyon is caught and released at Bass Rapids&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==1983==&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://www.riversimulator.org/Resources/GCDAMP/GCDAMPchronicle/1983FloodGCDhannon.pdf The 1983-86 Floods]&lt;br /&gt;
*Glen Canyon Dam releases more than 92,000 cfs to stop Lake Powell from overtopping Glen Canyon Dam.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==1982==&lt;br /&gt;
*Glen Canyon Environmental Studies - Phase I (1982-1988) created to study effects of Glen Canyon Dam operations&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==1980==&lt;br /&gt;
*Lake Powell reaches full pool (3,700 ft)&lt;br /&gt;
*Bonytail chub listed as endangered&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==1979==&lt;br /&gt;
*Grand Canyon National Park designated a UNESCO World Heritage Site&lt;br /&gt;
*USBR proposes an upgrade of Glen Canyon Dam's generators&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==1978==&lt;br /&gt;
*U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service files jeopardy opinion on the effects of Glen Canyon Dam on endangered fishes&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==1975==&lt;br /&gt;
*Grand Canyon National Park Enlargement Act passed&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==1974==&lt;br /&gt;
*Colorado River Basin Salinity Control Act authorized the construction, operation, and maintenance of works in the Colorado River Basin to control the salinity of Colorado River water available for use in the United States and Mexico. Some GCDAMP stakeholders participate in the Salinity Control Forums created by the act.&lt;br /&gt;
*First Lawsuit filed over Glen Canyon Dam operations by commercial raft operators contending that the disruption of normal flows was interfering with their ability to conduct river trips.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==1973==&lt;br /&gt;
*Endangered Species Act (ESA) of 1973 passed to protect and promote the recovery of animals and plants that are in danger of becoming extinct because of the activities of people. Administered by the US Fish and Wildlife Service.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==1972==&lt;br /&gt;
*Last verified record of Colorado Pikeminnow caught in Grand Canyon at Havasu Creek&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==1971==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==1970==&lt;br /&gt;
*Long-range Operating Criteria developed for Glen Canyon Dam operations&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==1969==&lt;br /&gt;
*National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA) of 1969 passed requiring Federal agencies to consider the environmental impacts of their proposed actions and reasonable alternatives to those actions.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==1968==&lt;br /&gt;
*Colorado River Basin Project Act passed&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==1967==&lt;br /&gt;
*Humpback chub and Colorado pikeminnow federally listed as endangered&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==1966==&lt;br /&gt;
*National Historic Preservation Act passed&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==1965==&lt;br /&gt;
*[[The 1965 Reservoir Equalization and Channel Cleaning Floods]]&lt;br /&gt;
*United States contract for delivery of power from the Colorado River Storage Project to customers.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==1964==&lt;br /&gt;
*U.S. Supreme Court decision in Arizona v. California confirmed apportionments of Colorado River water authorized in 1928 Boulder Canyon Project Act, including Nevada's allocation of 0.3 maf per year. The Decree in this case set many of the rules under which the river is operated.  &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==1963==&lt;br /&gt;
*Glen Canyon Dam completed as part of the Colorado River Storage Project.&lt;br /&gt;
*U.S. Supreme Cort held in Arizona vs California that, as a result of the Boulder Canyon Project Act, California held an allocation of 4.4 maf, Arizona 2.8 maf, and Nevada 300,000 acre-feet of Colorado River water&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== 1956 ==&lt;br /&gt;
*Colorado River Storage Project Act passed authorizing Glen Canyon Dam&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== 1948 ==&lt;br /&gt;
*Upper Colorado River Basin Compact signed&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== 1944 ==&lt;br /&gt;
*Treaty with Mexico obligating the US to provide 1.5 maf of Colorado River water to Mexico annually&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== 1935 ==&lt;br /&gt;
*Hoover Dam completed &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== 1928 ==&lt;br /&gt;
*Boulder Canyon Project Act passed authorizing Hoover Dam.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== 1922 ==&lt;br /&gt;
*Colorado River Compact signed allocating the Colorado River water between the upper and the lower basins.  Upper basin States have the right to use 7.5 maf/yr only if that quantity is available after meeting delivery requirements of 7.5 maf/yr to the Lower basin plus the amount required to satisfy anticipated claims by Mexico.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== 1921 ==&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://www.parkerliveonline.com/2013/07/24/colorado-river-day-thursday/ Colorado River was officially re-named from the “Grand” to the “Colorado.” (July 25th)] &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== 1919 ==&lt;br /&gt;
*Grand Canyon National Park created&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== 1916 ==&lt;br /&gt;
*National Park Service Organic Act passed&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== 1902 ==&lt;br /&gt;
*Reclamation Act Creates the Bureau of Reclamation&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== 1869 ==&lt;br /&gt;
*Major John Wesley Powell leads first recored expedition to traverse Grand Canyon&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://www.azcentral.com/story/travel/local/history/2014/05/27/powells-death-defying-grand-canyon-odyssey/9596303/ Powell's death-defying Grand Canyon odyssey]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==*11,000 BP==&lt;br /&gt;
*Paleo-Indian peoples occupy Grand Canyon region&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Cellsworth</name></author>	</entry>

	<entry>
		<id>http://gcdamp.com/index.php?title=GCDAMP_History_Time-Line_-Years&amp;diff=11266</id>
		<title>GCDAMP History Time-Line -Years</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://gcdamp.com/index.php?title=GCDAMP_History_Time-Line_-Years&amp;diff=11266"/>
				<updated>2026-09-28T22:43:33Z</updated>
		
		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Cellsworth: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
__NOTOC__&lt;br /&gt;
*11,000 BP Paleo-Indian peoples occupy Grand Canyon region&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== 1869 ==&lt;br /&gt;
*Major John Wesley Powell leads first recored expedition to traverse Grand Canyon&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://www.azcentral.com/story/travel/local/history/2014/05/27/powells-death-defying-grand-canyon-odyssey/9596303/ Powell's death-defying Grand Canyon odyssey]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== 1902 ==&lt;br /&gt;
*Reclamation Act Creates the Bureau of Reclamation&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== 1916 ==&lt;br /&gt;
*National Park Service Organic Act passed&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== 1919 ==&lt;br /&gt;
*Grand Canyon National Park created&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== 1921 ==&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://www.parkerliveonline.com/2013/07/24/colorado-river-day-thursday/ Colorado River was officially re-named from the “Grand” to the “Colorado.” (July 25th)] &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== 1922 ==&lt;br /&gt;
*Colorado River Compact signed allocating the Colorado River water between the upper and the lower basins.  Upper basin States have the right to use 7.5 maf/yr only if that quantity is available after meeting delivery requirements of 7.5 maf/yr to the Lower basin plus the amount required to satisfy anticipated claims by Mexico.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== 1928 ==&lt;br /&gt;
*Boulder Canyon Project Act passed authorizing Hoover Dam.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== 1935 ==&lt;br /&gt;
*Hoover Dam completed &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== 1944 ==&lt;br /&gt;
*Treaty with Mexico obligating the US to provide 1.5 maf of Colorado River water to Mexico annually&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== 1948 ==&lt;br /&gt;
*Upper Colorado River Basin Compact signed&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== 1956 ==&lt;br /&gt;
*Colorado River Storage Project Act passed authorizing Glen Canyon Dam&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==1963==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
*Glen Canyon Dam completed as part of the Colorado River Storage Project.&lt;br /&gt;
*U.S. Supreme Cort held in Arizona vs California that, as a result of the Boulder Canyon Project Act, California held an allocation of 4.4 maf, Arizona 2.8 maf, and Nevada 300,000 acre-feet of Colorado River water&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==1964==&lt;br /&gt;
*U.S. Supreme Court decision in Arizona v. California confirmed apportionments of Colorado River water authorized in 1928 Boulder Canyon Project Act, including Nevada's allocation of 0.3 maf per year. The Decree in this case set many of the rules under which the river is operated.  &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==1965==&lt;br /&gt;
*[[The 1965 Reservoir Equalization and Channel Cleaning Floods]]&lt;br /&gt;
*United States contract for delivery of power from the Colorado River Storage Project to customers.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==1966==&lt;br /&gt;
*National Historic Preservation Act passed&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==1967==&lt;br /&gt;
*Humpback chub and Colorado pikeminnow federally listed as endangered&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==1968==&lt;br /&gt;
*Colorado River Basin Project Act passed&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==1969==&lt;br /&gt;
*National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA) of 1969 passed requiring Federal agencies to consider the environmental impacts of their proposed actions and reasonable alternatives to those actions.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==1970==&lt;br /&gt;
*Long-range Operating Criteria developed for Glen Canyon Dam operations&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==1971==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==1972==&lt;br /&gt;
*Last verified record of Colorado Pikeminnow caught in Grand Canyon at Havasu Creek&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==1973==&lt;br /&gt;
*Endangered Species Act (ESA) of 1973 passed to protect and promote the recovery of animals and plants that are in danger of becoming extinct because of the activities of people. Administered by the US Fish and Wildlife Service.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==1974==&lt;br /&gt;
*Colorado River Basin Salinity Control Act authorized the construction, operation, and maintenance of works in the Colorado River Basin to control the salinity of Colorado River water available for use in the United States and Mexico. Some GCDAMP stakeholders participate in the Salinity Control Forums created by the act.&lt;br /&gt;
*First Lawsuit filed over Glen Canyon Dam operations by commercial raft operators contending that the disruption of normal flows was interfering with their ability to conduct river trips.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==1975==&lt;br /&gt;
*Grand Canyon National Park Enlargement Act passed&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==1978==&lt;br /&gt;
*U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service files jeopardy opinion on the effects of Glen Canyon Dam on endangered fishes&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==1979==&lt;br /&gt;
*Grand Canyon National Park designated a UNESCO World Heritage Site&lt;br /&gt;
*USBR proposes an upgrade of Glen Canyon Dam's generators&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==1980==&lt;br /&gt;
*Lake Powell reaches full pool (3,700 ft)&lt;br /&gt;
*Bonytail chub listed as endangered&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==1982==&lt;br /&gt;
*Glen Canyon Environmental Studies - Phase I (1982-1988) created to study effects of Glen Canyon Dam operations&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==1983==&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://www.riversimulator.org/Resources/GCDAMP/GCDAMPchronicle/1983FloodGCDhannon.pdf The 1983-86 Floods]&lt;br /&gt;
*Glen Canyon Dam releases more than 92,000 cfs to stop Lake Powell from overtopping Glen Canyon Dam.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==1984==&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://www.riversimulator.org/Resources/GCDAMP/GCDAMPchronicle/1983FloodGCDhannon.pdf The 1983-86 Floods]&lt;br /&gt;
*One of the last Razorback Suckers seen in Grand Canyon is caught and released at Bass Rapids&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==1985==&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://www.riversimulator.org/Resources/GCDAMP/GCDAMPchronicle/1983FloodGCDhannon.pdf The 1983-86 Floods]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==1986==&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://www.riversimulator.org/Resources/GCDAMP/GCDAMPchronicle/1983FloodGCDhannon.pdf The 1983-86 Floods]&lt;br /&gt;
  &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==1987==&lt;br /&gt;
*National Research Council completes review of Glen Canyon Environmental Studies, publishing [http://archive.org/details/riverdammanageme00unse River and Dam Management: a Review of the Bureau of Reclamation's Glen Canyon Environmental Studies]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==1988==&lt;br /&gt;
*Salt Lake City Area Integrated Projects(CRSP)passed-1989 after a series of public information and comment forums.&lt;br /&gt;
*Glen Canyon Environmental Studies issues [http://archive.library.nau.edu/utils/getfile/collection/cpa/id/61166/filename/61167.pdf ''Glen Canyon Environmental Studies Final Report''], completing Phase I and starting Phase II (1988-1988), which would be accelerated to support environmental impact statement process.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==1989==&lt;br /&gt;
*Secretary of the Interior Lujan orders an environmental impact statement on dam operations.&lt;br /&gt;
*National Research Council sponsors [https://www.nationalacademies.org/publications/1832 symposium] that reviews existing knowledge on Colorado River ecosystem&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==1990==&lt;br /&gt;
*The 1990-91 Experimental Flows&lt;br /&gt;
*Beginning of Interim Operating Criteria&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==1991==&lt;br /&gt;
*The 1990-91 Experimental Flows&lt;br /&gt;
*Interim operating criteria for Glen Canyon Dam implemented.&lt;br /&gt;
*Razorback Sucker and Kanab Ambersnail federally listed as endangered.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==1992==&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://www.usbr.gov/uc/legal/gcpa1992.html Grand Canyon Protection Act of 1992] passed&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==1993==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==1994==&lt;br /&gt;
*Programmatic Agreement on Cultural Resources signed between the State of Arizona, Department of the Interior agencies, and six tribes over protection of cultural resources in the river corridor below Glen Canyon Dam.&lt;br /&gt;
*U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service designates critical habitat for four species of endangered Colorado River fish and completes Biological Opinion outlining reasonable and prudent alternatives that must be evaluated for dam operation.&lt;br /&gt;
*Memorandum of Agreement signed for development of a Lower Colorado River Multi-Species Conservation Plan between state agencies in Nevada, California, and Arizona and federal agencies, including the Bureau of Land Management, Bureau of Reclamation, Fish and Wildlife Service, and the National Park Service.[http://www.sci.sdsu.edu/salton/LowerColoradoRiverMSCP.html MSCP History (SDSU)]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==1995==&lt;br /&gt;
*Establishment of the Grand Canyon Monitoring and Research Center &lt;br /&gt;
*Transition Work Group to act as a bridge between GCES and GCDAMP (1995-1996)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==1996==&lt;br /&gt;
*[[The 1996 Spring HFE| The 1996 Beach/Habitat-Building Flow (BHBF)]]&lt;br /&gt;
*Record of Decision on the Operation of Glen Canyon Dam Final Environmental Impact Statement to comply with consultation requirements of the Grand Canyon Protection Act of 1992. (Signed by Secretary of the Interior Bruce Babbitt)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==1997==&lt;br /&gt;
*The AMWG held their first meeting on September 10-11, 1997, and officially formed the Glen Canyon Technical Work Group (TWG) as a subgroup to work on tasks charged to them by the AMWG.&lt;br /&gt;
*The TWG was formed to provide stakeholders with involvement in federal decisions concerning the operation of Glen Canyon Dam and Power Plant.&lt;br /&gt;
*[[The 1997 Habitat Maintenance Flow (HMF)]]&lt;br /&gt;
*Strategic Planning Subcommittee (1997-2000)&lt;br /&gt;
*AMWG and TWG fully established &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==1998==&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
==1999==&lt;br /&gt;
*AMWG Colorado River trip to develop the Vision Statement for the GCDAMP&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==2000==&lt;br /&gt;
*[[The 2000 Low Summer Steady Flow Experiment| The 2000 Low Steady Summer Flow Experiment (LSSF)]]&lt;br /&gt;
*Second and third tests of the habitat maintenance flows concept conducted in spring and summer.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==2001==&lt;br /&gt;
*Humpback Chub population in Grand Canyon was in decline in the 1990s, and reached a low of about 5,000 adult fish in 2001.&lt;br /&gt;
*Draft ''Strategic Plan for the GCDAMP'' developed by program managers.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==2002==&lt;br /&gt;
*U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service announces recovery goals for endangered fishes of the Colorado River Basin.&lt;br /&gt;
*Adaptive Management Work Group recommends implementation of the first 2 yr of an experimental design proposed by the GCMRC.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==2003==&lt;br /&gt;
*Experiment begun to remove nonnative trout from the Colorado River in Grand Canyon.&lt;br /&gt;
*Fluctuating nonnative fish suppression releases from January through March implemented and continued through 2005.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==2004==&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2011/3012/ The 2004 Fall HFE]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://gcdamp.com/index.php/GCDAMP_Budget#:~:text=2004%20GCDAMP%20Goals%20and%20AMWG%20Priority%20Questions GCDAMP Goals and AMWG Priority Questions]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==2005==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
==2006==&lt;br /&gt;
*Long-Term Experimental Plan Environmental Plan (LTEP)&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
==2007==&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://gcdamp.com/index.php/Interim_Guidelines Beginning of Interim Guidelines for Lower Basin Shortages (2007-2027)]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://gcdamp.com/index.php/Strategic_Science_Plan Strategic Science Plan]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==2008==&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://digitalcommons.usu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1153&amp;amp;context=govdocs The 2008 Spring HFE]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==2009==&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://gcdamp.com/index.php?title=Near_Shore_Ecology_(NSE)_Study 2009-2011 Fall Steady Flow Experiment]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==2010==&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://gcdamp.com/index.php?title=Near_Shore_Ecology_(NSE)_Study 2009-2011 Fall Steady Flow Experiment]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==2011==&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://gcdamp.com/index.php?title=Near_Shore_Ecology_(NSE)_Study 2009-2011 Fall Steady Flow Experiment]&lt;br /&gt;
*The 2011 Equalization flows&lt;br /&gt;
*Start of a Biennial Budget and Workplan&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://gcdamp.com/index.php/Core_Monitoring_Plan Core Monitoring Plan (draft)]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==2012==&lt;br /&gt;
*Publication of the High Flow Experiment Protocol&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://gcdamp.com/index.php?title=GCDAMP-_HFE_2012 The 2012 Fall HFE]: 42,300 cfs for 96h (slow downramp)&lt;br /&gt;
*Razorback Sucker found in lower part of Grand Canyon- believed the fish traveled some 50 miles upstream from Lake Mead.  Last one recorded had been caught in 1990. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==2013==&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://gcdamp.com/index.php?title=GCDAMP-_HFE_2013 The 2013 Fall HFE]: 34,100 cfs for 96h&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==2014==&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://gcdamp.com/index.php?title=GCDAMP-_HFE_2014 The 2014 Fall HFE]: 37,500 cfs for 96h&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==2015==&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://gcdamp.com/index.php?title=GCDAMP-_HFE_2015 A 2015 Fall HFE] was canceled due to the discovery of [http://gcdamp.com/index.php?title=Green_Sunfish_Page green sunfish] in Glen Canyon (1,168,000 mt)&lt;br /&gt;
*Start of a Triennial Budget and Workplan&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==2016==&lt;br /&gt;
*Publication of the LTEMP EIS&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2017/1006/ofr20171006.pdf LTEMP Science Plan]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/twg/2016-10-18-twg-meeting/Attach_09b.pdf TWG Protocol Paper]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==2017==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==2018==&lt;br /&gt;
*[[The 2018 Fall HFE]]: 38,100 cfs for 60h&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==2019==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==2020==&lt;br /&gt;
*COVID moves all meetings for the year to remote&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==2021==&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://gcdamp.com/index.php?title=Spring_Disturbance_Flow The 2021 Spring Disturbance Flow]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==2022==&lt;br /&gt;
*[[A 2022 Fall HFE| A 2022 Fall HFE]] was not conducted due to the discovery of [http://gcdamp.com/index.php/Smallmouth_Bass_Page smallmouth bass] in Glen Canyon (1,600,000 mt)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==2023==&lt;br /&gt;
*[[The 2023 Spring HFE| The 2023 Spring HFE: 39,500 cfs for 72h]] &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==2024==&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://gcdamp.com/index.php/SEIS_Bypass_Releases SEIS Bypass Releases] (CoolMix) to control smallmouth bass&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==2025==&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://gcdamp.com/index.php/SEIS_Bypass_Releases SEIS Bypass Releases] (CoolMix) to control smallmouth bass&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==2026==&lt;br /&gt;
Start of [https://gcdamp.com/index.php/2027-2028_Operating_Guidelines 2027-2028 Operating Guidelines]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==2027==&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Cellsworth</name></author>	</entry>

	<entry>
		<id>http://gcdamp.com/index.php?title=GCDAMP_History_Time-Line_-Years&amp;diff=11265</id>
		<title>GCDAMP History Time-Line -Years</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://gcdamp.com/index.php?title=GCDAMP_History_Time-Line_-Years&amp;diff=11265"/>
				<updated>2026-09-28T22:28:32Z</updated>
		
		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Cellsworth: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
__NOTOC__&lt;br /&gt;
*11,000 BP Paleo-Indian peoples occupy Grand Canyon region&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== 1869 ==&lt;br /&gt;
*Major John Wesley Powell leads first recored expedition to traverse Grand Canyon&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://www.azcentral.com/story/travel/local/history/2014/05/27/powells-death-defying-grand-canyon-odyssey/9596303/ Powell's death-defying Grand Canyon odyssey]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== 1902 ==&lt;br /&gt;
*Reclamation Act Creates the Bureau of Reclamation&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== 1916 ==&lt;br /&gt;
*National Park Service Organic Act passed&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== 1919 ==&lt;br /&gt;
*Grand Canyon National Park created&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== 1921 ==&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://www.parkerliveonline.com/2013/07/24/colorado-river-day-thursday/ Colorado River was officially re-named from the “Grand” to the “Colorado.” (July 25th)] &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== 1922 ==&lt;br /&gt;
*Colorado River Compact signed allocating the Colorado River water between the upper and the lower basins.  Upper basin States have the right to use 7.5 maf/yr only if that quantity is available after meeting delivery requirements of 7.5 maf/yr to the Lower basin plus the amount required to satisfy anticipated claims by Mexico.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== 1928 ==&lt;br /&gt;
*Boulder Canyon Project Act passed authorizing Hoover Dam.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== 1935 ==&lt;br /&gt;
*Hoover Dam completed &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== 1944 ==&lt;br /&gt;
*Treaty with Mexico obligating the US to provide 1.5 maf of Colorado River water to Mexico annually&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== 1948 ==&lt;br /&gt;
*Upper Colorado River Basin Compact signed&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== 1956 ==&lt;br /&gt;
*Colorado River Storage Project Act passed authorizing Glen Canyon Dam&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==1963==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
*Glen Canyon Dam completed as part of the Colorado River Storage Project.&lt;br /&gt;
*U.S. Supreme Cort held in Arizona vs California that, as a result of the Boulder Canyon Project Act, California held an allocation of 4.4 maf, Arizona 2.8 maf, and Nevada 300,000 acre-feet of Colorado River water&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==1964==&lt;br /&gt;
*U.S. Supreme Court decision in Arizona v. California confirmed apportionments of Colorado River water authorized in 1928 Boulder Canyon Project Act, including Nevada's allocation of 0.3 maf per year. The Decree in this case set many of the rules under which the river is operated.  &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==1965==&lt;br /&gt;
*[[The 1965 Reservoir Equalization and Channel Cleaning Floods]]&lt;br /&gt;
*United States contract for delivery of power from the Colorado River Storage Project to customers.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==1966==&lt;br /&gt;
*National Historic Preservation Act passed&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==1967==&lt;br /&gt;
*Humpback chub and Colorado pikeminnow federally listed as endangered&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==1968==&lt;br /&gt;
*Colorado River Basin Project Act passed&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==1969==&lt;br /&gt;
*National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA) of 1969 passed requiring Federal agencies to consider the environmental impacts of their proposed actions and reasonable alternatives to those actions.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==1970==&lt;br /&gt;
*Long-range Operating Criteria developed for Glen Canyon Dam operations&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==1971==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==1972==&lt;br /&gt;
*Last verified record of Colorado Pikeminnow caught in Grand Canyon at Havasu Creek&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==1973==&lt;br /&gt;
*Endangered Species Act (ESA) of 1973 passed to protect and promote the recovery of animals and plants that are in danger of becoming extinct because of the activities of people. Administered by the US Fish and Wildlife Service.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==1974==&lt;br /&gt;
*Colorado River Basin Salinity Control Act authorized the construction, operation, and maintenance of works in the Colorado River Basin to control the salinity of Colorado River water available for use in the United States and Mexico. Some GCDAMP stakeholders participate in the Salinity Control Forums created by the act.&lt;br /&gt;
*First Lawsuit filed over Glen Canyon Dam operations by commercial raft operators contending that the disruption of normal flows was interfering with their ability to conduct river trips.&lt;br /&gt;
==1975==&lt;br /&gt;
Grand Canyon National Park Enlargement Act passed&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==1978==&lt;br /&gt;
*U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service files jeopardy opinion on the effects of Glen Canyon Dam on endangered fishes&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==1979==&lt;br /&gt;
*Grand Canyon National Park designated a UNESCO World Heritage Site&lt;br /&gt;
*USBR proposes an upgrade of Glen Canyon Dam's generators&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==1980==&lt;br /&gt;
*Lake Powell reaches full pool (3,700 ft)&lt;br /&gt;
*Bonytail chub listed as endangered&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==1982==&lt;br /&gt;
*Glen Canyon Environmental Studies created to study effects of Glen Canyon Dam operations&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==1983==&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://www.riversimulator.org/Resources/GCDAMP/GCDAMPchronicle/1983FloodGCDhannon.pdf The 1983-86 Floods]&lt;br /&gt;
*Glen Canyon Dam releases more than 92,000 cfs to stop Lake Powell from overtopping Glen Canyon Dam.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==1984==&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://www.riversimulator.org/Resources/GCDAMP/GCDAMPchronicle/1983FloodGCDhannon.pdf The 1983-86 Floods]&lt;br /&gt;
*One of the last Razorback Suckers seen in Grand Canyon is caught and released at Bass Rapids&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==1985==&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://www.riversimulator.org/Resources/GCDAMP/GCDAMPchronicle/1983FloodGCDhannon.pdf The 1983-86 Floods]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==1986==&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://www.riversimulator.org/Resources/GCDAMP/GCDAMPchronicle/1983FloodGCDhannon.pdf The 1983-86 Floods]&lt;br /&gt;
  &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==1987==&lt;br /&gt;
*National Research Council completes review of Glen Canyon Environmental Studies, publishing [http://archive.org/details/riverdammanageme00unse River and Dam Management: a Review of the Bureau of Reclamation's Glen Canyon Environmental Studies]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==1988==&lt;br /&gt;
*Salt Lake City Area Integrated Projects(CRSP)passed-1989 after a series of public information and comment forums.&lt;br /&gt;
*Glen Canyon Environmental Studies issues [http://archive.library.nau.edu/utils/getfile/collection/cpa/id/61166/filename/61167.pdf ''Glen Canyon Environmental Studies Final Report''], completing Phase I and starting Phase II, which would be accelerated to support environmental impact statement process.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==1989==&lt;br /&gt;
*Secretary of the Interior Lujan orders an environmental impact statement on dam operations.&lt;br /&gt;
*National Research Council sponsors symposium that reviews existing knowledge on Colorado River ecosystem&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==1990==&lt;br /&gt;
*The 1990-91 Experimental Flows&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==1991==&lt;br /&gt;
*The 1990-91 Experimental Flows&lt;br /&gt;
*Interim operating criteria for Glen Canyon Dam implemented.&lt;br /&gt;
*Razorback Sucker and Kanab Ambersnail federally listed as endangered.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==1992==&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://www.usbr.gov/uc/legal/gcpa1992.html Grand Canyon Protection Act of 1992] passed&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==1993==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==1994==&lt;br /&gt;
*Programmatic Agreement on Cultural Resources signed between the State of Arizona, Department of the Interior agencies, and six tribes over protection of cultural resources in the river corridor below Glen Canyon Dam.&lt;br /&gt;
*U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service designates critical habitat for four species of endangered Colorado River fish and completes Biological Opinion outlining reasonable and prudent alternatives that must be evaluated for dam operation.&lt;br /&gt;
*Memorandum of Agreement signed for development of a Lower Colorado River Multi-Species Conservation Plan between state agencies in Nevada, California, and Arizona and federal agencies, including the Bureau of Land Management, Bureau of Reclamation, Fish and Wildlife Service, and the National Park Service.[http://www.sci.sdsu.edu/salton/LowerColoradoRiverMSCP.html MSCP History (SDSU)]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==1995==&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
==1996==&lt;br /&gt;
*[[The 1996 Spring HFE| The 1996 Beach/Habitat-Building Flow (BHBF)]]&lt;br /&gt;
*Record of Decision on the Operation of Glen Canyon Dam Final Environmental Impact Statement to comply with consultation requirements of the Grand Canyon Protection Act of 1992. (Signed by Secretary of the Interior Bruce Babbitt)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==1997==&lt;br /&gt;
*The AMWG held their first meeting on September 10-11, 1997, and officially formed the Glen Canyon Technical Work Group (TWG) as a subgroup to work on tasks charged to them by the AMWG.&lt;br /&gt;
*The TWG was formed to provide stakeholders with involvement in federal decisions concerning the operation of Glen Canyon Dam and Power Plant.&lt;br /&gt;
*[[The 1997 Habitat Maintenance Flow (HMF)]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==1998==&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
==1999==&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
==2000==&lt;br /&gt;
*[[The 2000 Low Summer Steady Flow Experiment| The 2000 Low Steady Summer Flow Experiment (LSSF)]]&lt;br /&gt;
*Second and third tests of the habitat maintenance flows concept conducted in spring and summer.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==2001==&lt;br /&gt;
*Humpback Chub population in Grand Canyon was in decline in the 1990s, and reached a low of about 5,000 adult fish in 2001.&lt;br /&gt;
*Draft ''Strategic Plan for the GCDAMP'' developed by program managers.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==2002==&lt;br /&gt;
*U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service announces recovery goals for endangered fishes of the Colorado River Basin.&lt;br /&gt;
*Adaptive Management Work Group recommends implementation of the first 2 yr of an experimental design proposed by the GCMRC.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==2003==&lt;br /&gt;
*Experiment begun to remove nonnative fish from the Colorado River in Grand Canyon.&lt;br /&gt;
*Fluctuating nonnative fish suppression releases from January through March implemented and continued through 2005.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==2004==&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2011/3012/ The 2004 Fall HFE]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==2005==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
==2006==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
==2007==&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://gcdamp.com/index.php/Interim_Guidelines Beginning of Interim Guidelines for Lower Basin Shortages (2007-2027)]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==2008==&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://digitalcommons.usu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1153&amp;amp;context=govdocs The 2008 Spring HFE]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==2009==&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://gcdamp.com/index.php?title=Near_Shore_Ecology_(NSE)_Study 2009-2011 Fall Steady Flow Experiment]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==2010==&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://gcdamp.com/index.php?title=Near_Shore_Ecology_(NSE)_Study 2009-2011 Fall Steady Flow Experiment]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==2011==&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://gcdamp.com/index.php?title=Near_Shore_Ecology_(NSE)_Study 2009-2011 Fall Steady Flow Experiment]&lt;br /&gt;
*The 2011 Equalization flows&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==2012==&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://gcdamp.com/index.php?title=GCDAMP-_HFE_2012 The 2012 Fall HFE]: 42,300 cfs for 96h (slow downramp)&lt;br /&gt;
*Razorback Sucker found in lower part of Grand Canyon- believed the fish traveled some 50 miles upstream from Lake Mead.  Last one recorded had been caught in 1990. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==2013==&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://gcdamp.com/index.php?title=GCDAMP-_HFE_2013 The 2013 Fall HFE]: 34,100 cfs for 96h&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==2014==&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://gcdamp.com/index.php?title=GCDAMP-_HFE_2014 The 2014 Fall HFE]: 37,500 cfs for 96h&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==2015==&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://gcdamp.com/index.php?title=GCDAMP-_HFE_2015 A 2015 Fall HFE] was canceled due to the discovery of [http://gcdamp.com/index.php?title=Green_Sunfish_Page green sunfish] in Glen Canyon (1,168,000 mt)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==2016==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==2017==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==2018==&lt;br /&gt;
*[[The 2018 Fall HFE]]: 38,100 cfs for 60h&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==2019==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==2020==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==2021==&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://gcdamp.com/index.php?title=Spring_Disturbance_Flow The 2021 Spring Disturbance Flow]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==2022==&lt;br /&gt;
*[[A 2022 Fall HFE| A 2022 Fall HFE]] was not conducted due to the discovery of [http://gcdamp.com/index.php/Smallmouth_Bass_Page smallmouth bass] in Glen Canyon (1,600,000 mt)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==2023==&lt;br /&gt;
*[[The 2023 Spring HFE| The 2023 Spring HFE: 39,500 cfs for 72h]] &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==2024==&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://gcdamp.com/index.php/SEIS_Bypass_Releases SEIS Bypass Releases] (CoolMix) to control smallmouth bass&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==2025==&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://gcdamp.com/index.php/SEIS_Bypass_Releases SEIS Bypass Releases] (CoolMix) to control smallmouth bass&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==2026==&lt;br /&gt;
Start of [https://gcdamp.com/index.php/2027-2028_Operating_Guidelines 2027-2028 Operating Guidelines]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==2027==&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Cellsworth</name></author>	</entry>

	<entry>
		<id>http://gcdamp.com/index.php?title=The_HFE_Page&amp;diff=11264</id>
		<title>The HFE Page</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://gcdamp.com/index.php?title=The_HFE_Page&amp;diff=11264"/>
				<updated>2026-09-28T22:24:20Z</updated>
		
		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Cellsworth: &lt;/p&gt;
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=='''High-Flow Experimental (HFE) Releases'''==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Purpose and Goal===&lt;br /&gt;
The purpose of HFEs is to determine if sandbar building during HFEs exceeds sandbar erosion during periods between HFEs, such that sandbar size can be increased or maintained over several years.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===LTEMP HFE Protocol===&lt;br /&gt;
As described in the LTEMP ROD, HFEs are experimental in nature and are designed to achieve a better understanding of whether, how, and when to incorporate high releases into future dam operations in a manner that maintains or improves beaches, sandbars, and associated habitat. The LTEMP HFE Protocol establishes a decision-making framework consisting of three components: (1) planning and budgeting, (2) modeling, and (3) decision and implementation.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Under the LTEMP, HFE releases are restricted to limited periods of the year when the highest volumes of sediment are most likely available for building sandbars. Sediment-triggered HFEs may be made in spring (March to June) or fall (October to November; Figure 1). Fall extended-duration HFEs range from greater than 96 hr to 250 hr. Spring and fall HFEs that are not extended-duration range from less than 1 hr to 96 hr. Proactive HFEs may be implemented in spring or early summer (April, May or June), and have a duration range up to 24 hr. HFE magnitudes range from 31,500 cubic feet per second (cfs) to 45,000 cfs. The frequency of HFEs is determined by tributary sediment inputs, annual release volumes, resource conditions, and decisions of the Department. Extended-duration fall HFEs are limited to a frequency of 4 times total in the 20-year LTEMP period.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===HFE Sand Budget Model===&lt;br /&gt;
The LTEMP HFE Protocol uses predictive models to make recommendations for the magnitude and duration of potential HFEs using real-time measurements and models of sand inflow from the Paria River and forecasted hydrologic data to determine whether suitable sediment and hydrology conditions exist for a high-flow experimental release.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
A sand transport/budget model (Wright et al. 2010) is used to predict the mass of sand that would be transported by an HFE and to estimate if a proposed HFE would transport more or less sand than had been delivered from the Paria River to the Colorado River during the sediment accounting period (July 1 to June 30). Only HFE durations that result in a “positive sand balance” are considered. Output of the modeling runs provides the initial recommendation for the magnitude and duration of the HFE. However, because modeling only considers a simple range of possible HFE peak magnitudes and durations, the Protocol includes a review of the model output that may modify the recommended HFE to benefit relevant resources. (2018 HFE Tech Team Report)&lt;br /&gt;
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! style=&amp;quot;width=33%; background:#cedff2;&amp;quot; | [[TBD|---]] &lt;br /&gt;
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{|width=&amp;quot;100%&amp;quot; cellpadding=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; cellspacing=&amp;quot;5&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;vertical-align:top; background:#f5faff;&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
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The [https://gcdamp.com/images_gcdamp_com/d/db/20240500-GCDLTEMP-FinalSEIS-508-AMWD_%282%29.pdf 2024 LTEMP SEIS] adjusted the semiannual sediment accounting period to an annual period (beginning July 1) with the option for a spring or fall HFE release, or both. If a sediment trigger is met, but an HFE release is not implemented in the fall or spring, rollover of sediment into the next accounting period is possible. Implementation of a fall HFE can occur in October or November. Spring implementation could occur from March through June, depending on resource conditions and the potential for implementation of the 2024 LTEMP SEIS cold-water alternatives that include flow spikes. [https://www.usbr.gov/uc/DocLibrary/EnvironmentalImpactStatements/GlenCanyonDamLong-TermExperimentalManagementPlan/20240703-GCDLTEMP-FinalSEIS-RecordofDecision-508-AMWD.pdf]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[File:New_HFE_windows_cumulative.png|center|600px]]&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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[[File:New_HFE_windows_monthly.png|center|600px]]&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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! &amp;lt;h2 style=&amp;quot;margin:0; background:#cedff2; font-size:120%; font-weight:bold; border:1px solid #a3b0bf; text-align:left; color:#000; padding:0.2em 0.4em;&amp;quot;&amp;gt; LTEMP Experimental Action: Sediment-Related Experimental Treatments (Table 2-2, pages 11-12) [https://ltempeis.anl.gov/documents/final-eis/vol1/Chapter_2-Alternatives.pdf]   &amp;lt;/h2&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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Under Alternative D, the existing HFE protocol was updated and incorporated into the LTEMP process as specified in Appendix P of the FEIS. Changes to the existing protocol were related to implementation of the new HFEs that are included under Alternative D and an B-17 extension of the protocol to the end of the LTEMP period. This new protocol will replace the existing protocol when the LTEMP ROD is issued. Spring and fall HFEs will be implemented when triggered during the 20-year LTEMP period based on the estimated sand mass balance resulting from Paria River sediment inputs during the spring and fall accounting periods, and the dam release pattern during the accounting period. HFE releases will be 1 to 250 hr long and between 31,500 cfs and 45,000 cfs. Depending on the cumulative amount of sediment input from the Paria River during the spring (December 1 through June 30) or fall (July 1 through November 30) accounting periods and the expected accumulation of sand, the maximum possible magnitude and duration of HFE that would achieve a positive sand mass balance in Marble Canyon, as determined by modeling, will be implemented.  &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Sand mass balance modeling will be used to ensure that the duration and magnitude of an HFE are best matched with the mass of sand present in the system during a particular release window. The magnitude and duration of HFEs will not affect the total annual release from Glen Canyon Dam. Reclamation will consider the total water to be released in the water year when determining the magnitude and duration of an HFE. [https://ltempeis.anl.gov/documents/docs/LTEMP_ROD.pdf]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''Sediment-Triggered Spring HFEs''' &lt;br /&gt;
*HFE window: Mar-Apr &lt;br /&gt;
*Up to 96 hrs&lt;br /&gt;
*Could begin after the first two years of LTEMP (start spring 2020), &lt;br /&gt;
*Not in the same water year as an extended-duration (&amp;gt;96 hr) fall HFE&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''Proactive Spring HFEs''' &lt;br /&gt;
*Triggered by an annual release volume over 10.0 maf &lt;br /&gt;
*HFE window: Apr-Jun &lt;br /&gt;
*Up to 24 hrs&lt;br /&gt;
*Not in the same water year as a sediment-triggered spring HFE or an extended-duration (&amp;gt;96 hr) fall HFE&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''Sediment-Triggered Fall HFEs''' &lt;br /&gt;
*HFE window: Oct-Nov &lt;br /&gt;
*Up to 96 hrs&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''Extended-Duration Fall HFEs''' &lt;br /&gt;
*HFE window: Oct-Nov &lt;br /&gt;
*Up to 250 hrs &lt;br /&gt;
*The first test would be limited to 192 hrs &lt;br /&gt;
*No more than four during the 20-year LTEMP period&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[File:HFE types.JPG|center|700px]]&lt;br /&gt;
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[[File:HFE decision tree.jpg|center|500px]]&lt;br /&gt;
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1.4  COMMUNICATION AND CONSULTATION PROCESS FOR ALTERNATIVE D &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
To determine whether conditions are suitable for implementing or discontinuing experimental treatments or management actions, the DOI will schedule implementation/planning meetings or calls with the DOI bureaus (USGS, NPS, FWS, BIA, and Reclamation), WAPA, AZGFD, and one liaison from each Basin State and from the UCRC, as needed or requested by the participants. The implementation/planning group will strive to develop a consensus recommendation to bring forth to the DOI regarding resource issues as detailed at the beginning of this section, as well as including WAPA’s assessment of the status of the Basin Fund. The Secretary of the Interior will consider the consensus recommendations of the implementation/planning group, but retains sole discretion to decide how best to accomplish operations and experiments in any given year pursuant to the ROD and other binding obligations.  (B-17 in the LTEMP ROD)&lt;br /&gt;
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[[File:SandbarVolume2018.jpg|center|thumbnail|500px| Sandbar volume 1990-2018]] &lt;br /&gt;
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[[File:PostHFEerosion.jpg|center|thumbnail|500px|Rate of post-HFE beach erosion]] &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[File:HFE_size_shape.jpg|center|thumbnail|500px|[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/twg/2017-01-26-twg-meeting/AR3_Grams.pdf https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/twg/2017-01-26-twg-meeting/AR3_Grams.pdf]]] &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[File:SandbarMonitoring2016.jpg|thumbnail|center|500px|[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/twg/2017-01-26-twg-meeting/AR3_Grams.pdf https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/twg/2017-01-26-twg-meeting/AR3_Grams.pdf]]] &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[File:2012 2014 HFE response.jpg|thumbnail|center|500px|[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/twg/2015-06-11-twg-meeting/Attach_02,.pdf https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/twg/2015-06-11-twg-meeting/Attach_02,.pdf]]] &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[File:2016 SedimentSummary.jpg|thumbnail|center|500px|[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/twg/2016-02-26-twg-meeting/AR02_Grams.pdf https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/twg/2016-02-26-twg-meeting/AR02_Grams.pdf]]] &lt;br /&gt;
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[[File:GCDFlowRecord.jpg|center|px500]]&lt;br /&gt;
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[[File:GCDExperimentalFlows.jpg|center|px500]]&lt;br /&gt;
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*[http://www.usbr.gov/uc/rm/gcdHFE/ USBR HFE Page]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usgs.gov/centers/sbsc/science/high-flow-experiments-colorado-river?qt-science_center_objects=0#qt-science_center_objects GCMRC HFE Page]&lt;br /&gt;
*[[GCDAMP Sediment| The Sediment Page]]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/amwg/2023-08-17-amwg-meeting/20230817-ProposalAmendHigh-FlowExperimentProtocolOtherConsiderations-508-UCRO.pdf 2023 Proposal to Amend the High-Flow Experiment Protocol and Other Considerations ]&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://www.usbr.gov/uc/envdocs/ea/gc/HFEProtocol/ Environmental Assessment for the Development and Implementation of a Protocol for High-flow Experimental Releases from Glen Canyon Dam, Arizona, 2011 - 2020]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/DocLibrary/Memos/20240326-EstablishmentInterimOperatingGuidanceGlenCanyonDamLowReservoirLevels-TechnicalDecisionMemo-508-TSC.pdf Technical Decision Memo: Establishment of Interim Operating Guidance for Glen Canyon Dam during Low Reservoir Levels at Lake Powell ]&lt;br /&gt;
*Fall HFEs may be connected to the recent increase in [http://gcdamp.com/index.php?title=Brown_Trout brown trout] at Lees Ferry. &lt;br /&gt;
*Spring HFEs increase productivity of the [http://gcdamp.com/index.php?title=FOOD_BASE aquatic foodbase]. Fall HFEs do not appear to affect the long-term composition of the [http://gcdamp.com/index.php?title=FOOD_BASE aquatic foodbase] and may scour the foodbase prior to the winter non-growing season. &lt;br /&gt;
*HFEs do not appear to directly affect [http://gcdamp.com/index.php?title=Humpback_Chub_Page humpback chub] or the [http://gcdamp.com/index.php?title=FISHERY rainbow trout fishery] but there may be indirect affects tied to foodbase and trout production.&lt;br /&gt;
*[[GCDAMP Rapid Response Learning Page| Rapid Response HFE Page]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
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! &amp;lt;h2 style=&amp;quot;margin:0; background:#cedff2; font-size:120%; font-weight:bold; border:1px solid #a3b0bf; text-align:left; color:#000; padding:0.2em 0.4em;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;Glen Canyon Dam Flow Experiments&amp;lt;/h2&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|style=&amp;quot;color:#000;&amp;quot;|&lt;br /&gt;
*[[A 2026 Spring HFE]] was not conducted because the mixed support expressed by the PI Leadership Team &lt;br /&gt;
*[[A 2025 Fall HFE]] was not conducted because of the government shutdown &lt;br /&gt;
*[[A 2025 Spring HFE]] was not conducted because of timing conflicts with the renovation of the -12 Mile Slough &lt;br /&gt;
*[[A 2024 Fall HFE]] was &amp;quot;deferred&amp;quot; for possible implementation in the Spring of 2025&lt;br /&gt;
*A 2023 Fall HFE was not conducted for lack of sediment &lt;br /&gt;
*[[The 2023 Spring HFE| The 2023 Spring HFE: 39,500 cfs for 72h]] &lt;br /&gt;
*[[A 2022 Fall HFE| A 2022 Fall HFE]] was not conducted due to the discovery of [http://gcdamp.com/index.php/Smallmouth_Bass_Page smallmouth bass] in Glen Canyon (1,600,000 mt)&lt;br /&gt;
*[[A 2022 Spring HFE| A 2022 Spring HFE]] was not conducted for lack of sediment &lt;br /&gt;
*[[A 2021 Fall HFE| A 2021 Fall HFE]] was not conducted due to low reservoir elevations (1,492,000 mt)&lt;br /&gt;
*[[A 2021 Spring HFE| A 2021 Spring HFE]] was not conducted for lack of sediment &lt;br /&gt;
*[http://gcdamp.com/index.php?title=Spring_Disturbance_Flow The 2021 Spring Disturbance Flow]&lt;br /&gt;
*[[The 2020 Fall HFE| A 2020 Fall HFE]] was not conducted for lack of sediment &lt;br /&gt;
*[[The 2020 Spring HFE| A 2020 Spring HFE]] was not conducted for lack of sediment &lt;br /&gt;
*[[The 2019 Fall HFE| A 2019 Fall HFE]] was not conducted for lack of sediment &lt;br /&gt;
*[[The 2018 Fall HFE]]: 38,100 cfs for 60h&lt;br /&gt;
*[[The 2017 Fall HFE| A 2017 Fall HFE]] was not conducted for lack of sediment &lt;br /&gt;
*[http://gcdamp.com/index.php?title=GCDAMP-_HFE_2015 A 2015 Fall HFE] was canceled due to the discovery of [http://gcdamp.com/index.php?title=Green_Sunfish_Page green sunfish] in Glen Canyon (1,168,000 mt)&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://gcdamp.com/index.php?title=GCDAMP-_HFE_2014 The 2014 Fall HFE]: 37,500 cfs for 96h&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://gcdamp.com/index.php?title=GCDAMP-_HFE_2013 The 2013 Fall HFE]: 34,100 cfs for 96h&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://gcdamp.com/index.php?title=GCDAMP-_HFE_2012 The 2012 Fall HFE]: 42,300 cfs for 96h (slow downramp)&lt;br /&gt;
*The 2011 Equalization flows&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://gcdamp.com/index.php?title=Near_Shore_Ecology_(NSE)_Study The 2009-11 Fall Steady Flow Experiment]&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://digitalcommons.usu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1153&amp;amp;context=govdocs The 2008 Spring HFE]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2011/3012/ The 2004 Fall HFE]&lt;br /&gt;
*[[The 2000 Low Summer Steady Flow Experiment| The 2000 Low Steady Summer Flow Experiment (LSSF)]]&lt;br /&gt;
*[[The 1997 Habitat Maintenance Flow (HMF)]]&lt;br /&gt;
*[[The 1996 Spring HFE| The 1996 Beach/Habitat-Building Flow (BHBF)]]&lt;br /&gt;
*The 1990-91 Experimental Flows&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://www.riversimulator.org/Resources/GCDAMP/GCDAMPchronicle/1983FloodGCDhannon.pdf The 1983-86 Floods]&lt;br /&gt;
*[[The 1965 Reservoir Equalization and Channel Cleaning Floods]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! &amp;lt;h2 style=&amp;quot;margin:0; background:#cedff2; font-size:120%; font-weight:bold; border:1px solid #a3b0bf; text-align:left; color:#000; padding:0.2em 0.4em;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;Presentations and Papers &amp;lt;/h2&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|style=&amp;quot;color:#000;&amp;quot;|&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''2026'''&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/twg/2026-02-05-twg-meeting/uc-gcdamp-arm-riverbed-sandbarresponse-508-20260205.pdf Riverbed and Sandbar Response to Glen Canyon Dam Operations and High-Flow Experiments]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''2025'''&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/amwg/2025-08-21-amwg-meeting/uc-gcdamp-amwg-ltempupdate-508-20250821.pdf LTEMP Experiments Update]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/twg/2025-04-10-twg-meeting/uc-gcdamp-twg-ltempflowexperiments-508-20250410.pdf LTEMP Flow Experiments]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''2024'''&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/70259444 Grams et al., 2025, Implementation of Controlled Floods for Sediment Management on the Colorado River in Grand Canyon Under Aridification]&lt;br /&gt;
*[[Media:Grams_etal_2024_Implementation_Controlled_Floods_for_Sediment_Management_ColRiv.pdf|Grams et al., 2024, Implementation of controlled floods for sediment management on the Colorado River in Grand Canyon under aridification: River Research and Applications]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''2023'''&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/twg/2023-11-08-twg-meeting/20231108-HFEProtocolFall2023-508-UCRO.pdf HFE Protocol for Fall 2023]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/amwg/2023-08-17-amwg-meeting/20230817-TWGHFEProtocolMotion-508-UCRO.pdf TWG HFE Protocol Motion]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/amwg/2023-08-17-amwg-meeting/20230817-April2023High-FlowExperimentPreliminaryResults-508-UCRO.pdf April 2023 High-Flow Experiment (HFE) Preliminary Results]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/amwg/2023-08-17-amwg-meeting/20230817-BackgroundInformationProposalAmendHigh-FlowExperimentProtocol-508-UCRO.pdf Background Information for &amp;quot;Proposal to Amend the High-Flow Experiment (HFE) Protocol&amp;quot;]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/amwg/2023-08-17-amwg-meeting/20230817-PreliminaryFieldReportAprilHigh-FlowExperiment-508-UCRO.pdf Preliminary Field Report from the April High-Flow Experiment]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/amwg/2023-08-17-amwg-meeting/20230817-ProposalAmendHigh-FlowExperimentProtocolOtherConsiderations-508-UCRO.pdf Proposal to Amend the High-Flow Experiment Protocol and Other Considerations]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/amwg/2023-08-17-amwg-meeting/20230817-ProposalAmendHigh-FlowExperimentProtocolOtherConsiderations-508-UCRO.pdf Proposal to Amend the High-Flow Experiment Protocol and Other Considerations]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/twg/2023-06-15-twg-meeting/20230615-April2023HighFlowExperimentPreliminarySandbarResults-508-UCRO.pdf April 2023 High-Flow Experiment Preliminary Sandbar Results]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/twg/2023-06-15-twg-meeting/20230615-PreliminaryFieldReportsAprilHighFlowExperiment-508-UCRO.pdf Preliminary Field Reports from the April High-Flow Experiment ]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/twg/2023-04-13-twg-meeting/20230413-ChargeCreateProcessAmendHFEProtocol-508-UCRO.pdf Charge to create a process to amend the HFE protocol]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/amwg/2023-02-16-amwg-meeting/20230216-OverviewProjectsABLEvaluationHigh-FlowExperimentsDuringAridification-508-UCRO.pdf Overview of Projects A, B, and L and Evaluation of High-Flow Experiments During Aridification]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/twg/2023-01-26-twg-meeting/20230126-AnnualReportingMeeting-OverviewEvaluationHigh-FlowExperimentsDuringAridification-508-UCRO.pdf Project B Overview and Evaluation of High-Flow Experiments During Aridification]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''2022'''&lt;br /&gt;
*[[Media:Grams_HFE_discussion_20220901.pdf| Evaluation of High-Flow Experiments under conditions of low flows and low reservoir elevations]]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/twg/2022-01-13-twg-meeting/20220113-AnnualReportingMeeting-EffectsHigh-flowExperimentsDamReleasesSandbarErosionDepositionMarbleGrandCanyons-508-UCRO.pdf The Effects of High-flow Experiments and Dam Releases on Sandbar Erosion and Deposition in Marble and Grand Canyons ]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''2021'''&lt;br /&gt;
*[[Media:Grams 2021 Geomorphic.pdf| Mueller and Grams, 2021, A morphodynamic model to evaluate long‐term sandbar rebuilding using controlled floods in the Grand Canyon: Geophysical Research Letters]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''2020'''&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/twg/2020-06-24-twg-meeting/20200624-High-FlowExperimentsSedimentModeling-508-UCRO.pdf HFE Sediment Modeling ]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/twg/2020-06-24-twg-meeting/20200624-CarlisleEcoSigDimSpringFreshets.pdf Ecological Significance of Diminished Spring Freshets ]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/twg/2020-06-24-twg-meeting/20200624-Grams-TWG.pdf Evaluating the Frequency of Triggered Spring High Flow Experiments Assumed in the LTEMP ]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/twg/2020-01-13-twg-meeting/20200113-AnnualReportingMeeting-PotentialSpringHighFlowExperiment%E2%80%93StatusResourcesExperimentalPlan-Presentation-508-UCRO.pdf Potential Spring High Flow Experiment – Status of Resources and Experimental Plan ]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''2019'''&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/twg/2019-03-14-twg-meeting/20190314-WhatsNextKeyUncertaintiesFutureHFEDesign-Presentation-508-UCRO.pdf What’s Next? Key Uncertainties and Future HFE Design Presentation ]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/twg/2019-03-14-twg-meeting/20190314-TheEffectsHigh-flowExperimentsSandbarDynamics-Presentation-508-UCRO.pdf The Effects of High-flow Experiments on Sandbar Dynamics Presentation ]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''2018'''&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://qcnr.usu.edu/wats/colorado_river_studies/files/documents/Grams.pdf Geomorphic Changes to the River Channels and Flood Plains of the Colorado River System: The Planned and Unplanned Effects of Water Development]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/amwg/2018-08-22-amwg-meeting/Attach_07.pdf High Flow Experiments PPT]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/twg/2018-06-25-twg-meeting/Attach_14.pdf Discussion about the High Flow Experimental Design PPT]&lt;br /&gt;
*[[Media:GCWC LTEMP Springtime HFE Comments Feb 24 2016.pdf| GCWC LTEMP comments on springtime HFEs]]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/twg/2018-04-23-twg-meeting/Attach_12.pdf Evaluating the Frequency of Triggered Spring High Flow Experiments (HFEs) Assumed in the Long-Term Experimental and Management Plan PPT]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/amwg/2018-02-14-amwg-meeting/Attach_12b.pdf Considerations for Seasonal Scheduling of High Flow Experiments PPT]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/twg/2018-01-25-twg-meeting/AR12.pdf Effects of HFEs on Growth and Population Dynamics of Rainbow Trout in Glen Canyon and Mable Canyon PPT]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/twg/2018-01-25-twg-meeting/AR03.pdf Sandbars and Sediment Storage Marble and Grand Canyons: Response to Recent High-flow Experiments and Long-term Trends PPT]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sedgeo.2017.11.007 Mueller et al., 2018, Variability in eddy sandbar dynamics during two decades of controlled flooding of the Colorado River in Grand Canyon: Sedimentary Geology, v. 363, p. 181-199]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''2017'''&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/twg/2017-01-26-twg-meeting/AR3_Grams.pdf Sandbars and Sediment Storage in Marble and Grand Canyons: Response to Recent High-flow Experiments and Long-term Trends PPT]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/twg/2017-01-26-twg-meeting/AR15_Korman.pdf Boom-and-Bust Cycles in the Population of Rainbow Trout in Glen Canyon and Effect of Fall High Flow Experiments PPT]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''2016'''&lt;br /&gt;
*[[Media:Hi Flow Beaches 2016.pdf| The Grand Canyon Private Boater’s Association’s (GCPBA) comments regarding the recently concluded High Flow Experiment releases]]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/amwg/2016-08-24-amwg-meeting/Attach_11c.pdf Science Behind High Flow Experiment Planning: From Chasing Storms in the Paria River to Serving Data on the Web]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/twg/2016-02-26-twg-meeting/Attach_04a.pdf Sand Trigger for High-flow Experimental Protocol]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/twg/2016-02-26-twg-meeting/Attach_04b.pdf Introduction of a Motion to TWG Regarding Clarification of the High Flows Protocol for Springtime HFEs: Draft for SCAHG Consideration and Review]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''2014''' &lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/twg/2014-10-28-twg-meeting/Attach_13.pdf Modeling Long Term Effects of HFEs on Trout and HBC]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/amwg/2014-08-27-amwg-meeting/Attach_10.pdf Minute 319/Pulse Flow]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/twg/2014-01-30-twg-meeting/Attach_02b.pdf Update on High Flow Experiments Released from Glen Canyon Dam]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''2013''' &lt;br /&gt;
*[http://www.earthmagazine.org/article/releasing-flood-controversy-colorado-river Earth Magazine 2013 Releasing a flood of controversy on the Colorado River]  --This  article sets the basis for the HFE, provides the history of past HFEs, and discusses the issues.  &lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/twg/2013-11-06-twg-meeting/Attach_02b.pdf HFE Protocol Decision Process]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/amwg/2013-08-08-amwg-meeting/Attach_09.pdf Planning for a Fall HFE]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/amwg/2013-02-20-amwg-meeting/Attach_06a.pdf High Flow Experiment Update ]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/amwg/2013-02-20-amwg-meeting/Attach_06b.pdf USGS Information and Results from HFE]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/twg/2013-01-24-twg-meeting/Attach_06a.pdf Lessons Learned from the First HFE Protocol]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/twg/2013-01-24-twg-meeting/Attach_06b.pdf Background on HFE Releases and Assessment of Success]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/twg/2013-01-24-twg-meeting/14_Schmidt.pdf Background on High Flow Experimental Releases: Implementation Strategy and Assessment of Success]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''2012'''&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/twg/2012-10-24-twg-meeting/Attach_05a.pdf General Science Plan for Monitoring and Research of a High-Flow Experimental Protocol at Glen Canyon Dam White Paper Dated Dec. 22, 2011, and PPT]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/twg/2012-10-24-twg-meeting/Attach_05b.pdf Update on High Flow Experiment PPT]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/amwg/2012-08-29-amwg-meeting/Attach_01a.pdf News Release Dated May 23, 2012, Subj: Salazar Announces Improvements to Glen Canyon Dam Operations to Restore High Flows and Native Fish in Grand Canyon]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/amwg/2012-08-29-amwg-meeting/Attach_01b.pdf Creation of DOI Leadership Team to Implement Actions Outlined in the Two Environmental Assessments]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/amwg/2012-08-29-amwg-meeting/Attach_04b.pdf Implementation of the HFE Protocol with Emphasis on Fall 2012]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/amwg/2012-08-29-amwg-meeting/Attach_04c.pdf High Flow Experiment Modeling Process PPT]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/amwg/2012-02-22-amwg-meeting/Attach_11a.pdf Two Environmental Assessments Updates]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/amwg/2012-02-22-amwg-meeting/Attach_11b.pdf High-Flow Protocol Environmental Assessment PPT]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/twg/2012-02-02-twg-meeting/Attach_02.pdf Final Biological Opinion on the Operation of Glen Canyon Dam Including High Flow Experiments and Non-Native Fish Control Memo]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/twg/2012-02-02-twg-meeting/Attach_05c.pdf Executive Summaries from the High-Flow Experiment EA and the Non-Native Fish Control EA]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''2011'''&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1366/ Effects of Three High-Flow Experiments on the Colorado River Ecosystem Downstream from Glen Canyon Dam, Arizona]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/amwg/2011-08-24-amwg-meeting/Attach_16.pdf Report on Two Environmental Assessments (EAs): Protocol for High-Flow Experimental Releases EA and Non-native Fish Control EA and PPTs]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/twg/2011-06-28-twg-meeting/Attach_07.pdf Bureau of Reclamation Updates on Non-native Fish Control Environmental Assessment, High-Flow Protocol Environmental Assessment, and the Long-term Experimental and Management Plan PPT]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/amwg/2011-05-18-amwg-meeting/Attach_06.pdf Report on Two Experimental Flow EAs: High-Flow Experimental Releases EA and Non-native Fish Control EA and PPTs]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/twg/2011-03-08-twg-meeting/Attach_03.pdf Updates on USBR Environmental Documents PPT]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/twg/2011-01-20-twg-meeting/Attach_03a.pdf Briefing Memo, Subject: Summary of upcoming USGS circular on the results of three high-flow experiments released from Glen Canyon Dam, Arizona]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/twg/2011-01-20-twg-meeting/Attach_03b.pdf Circular 1366: Effects of Three High-Flow Experiments on the Colorado River Ecosystem Downstream from Glen Canyon Dam, Arizona]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/twg/2011-01-20-twg-meeting/Attach_03c.pdf USGS Fact Sheet: Three Experimental High-Flow Releases from Glen Canyon Dam, Arizona--Effects on Downstream Colorado River Ecosystem]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/twg/2011-01-20-twg-meeting/Attach_04a.pdf Bureau of Reclamation Updates PPT]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/twg/2011-01-20-twg-meeting/Attach_04b.pdf Sam's Questions: 1)Timing/Magnitude of Paria and LCR Floods?, and 2) Timing/Magnitude of Pre-Dam Colorado River Floods? PPT]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''2010'''&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/amwg/2010-08-24-amwg-meeting/Attach_13a.pdf High Flow Experimental Protocol Environmental Assessment Update]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/amwg/2010-08-24-amwg-meeting/Attach_15b.pdf The Effects of Three Glen Canyon Dam High-Flow Experiments (HFE) on the Grand Canyon Ecosystem (HFE Synthesis)]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/amwg/2010-02-03-amwg-meeting/Attach_05a.pdf High Flow Experiment]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/amwg/2010-02-03-amwg-meeting/Attach_05c.pdf 2008 High-Flow Experiment at Glen Canyon Dam Benefits Colorado River Resources in Grand Canyon National Park (USGS Fact Sheet 2010-3009)]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/amwg/2010-02-03-amwg-meeting/Attach_05d.pdf 2008 High Flow Experimental Results PPT]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/amwg/2010-02-03-amwg-meeting/Attach_05e.pdf Open File Report 2010-1022: Riparian Response to the March 2008 Short-Duration, High-Flow Experiment--Implications of Timing and Frequency of Flood Disturbance on Nonnative Plant Establishment Along the Colorado River Below Glen Canyon Dam (prepared by Barbara Ralston)]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/amwg/2010-02-03-amwg-meeting/Attach_06a.pdf High Flow Experiment Protocol Development and Initiation of Public Scoping, Federal Register Notice Announcing Scoping, and Process/Schedule; ]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/amwg/2010-02-03-amwg-meeting/Attach_26.pdf Evaluating Effects of a High-Flow Event on Rainbow Trout Movement in Glen and Marble Canyons, Arizona, by Using Acoustic Telemetry and Relative Abundance Measures]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/twg/2010-01-21-twg-meeting/Attach_02c.pdf Federal Register Notice on HFE Protocol published December 31, 2010]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''2009'''&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/twg/2009-09-29-twg-meeting/Attach_06.pdf Grand Canyon Monitoring and Research Center Updates]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/amwg/2009-08-12-amwg-meeting/Attach_05a.pdf Grand Canyon Monitoring and Research Updates: Update on Reporting Schedule for the March 2008 High Flow Experimental Results and corresponding PPT]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/amwg/2009-08-12-amwg-meeting/Attach_05h.pdf Update on Sediment Inputs and 2008 High Flow PPT]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/amwg/2009-04-29-amwg-meeting/Attach_03a.pdf Grand Canyon Monitoring and Research Center (GCMRC) Update]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/amwg/2009-04-29-amwg-meeting/Attach_03d.pdf Water Quality and Sediment, 2008 High Flow Experiment, and Integrated Flow, Temperature, and Sediment Modeling PPT]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/twg/2009-03-16-twg-meeting/Attach_05.pdf Grand Canyon Monitoring and Research Center updates by Program Managers]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''2008'''&lt;br /&gt;
*[[Media:2008 BHBF minority report.pdf| Grand Canyon Trust Minority Report - TWG motion regarding a 2008 experimental BHBF]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''1997'''&lt;br /&gt;
*[[Media:1997_GCMRC_WaterTravelTime.pdf| The Colorado River in Grand Canyon: How Fast Does It Flow?]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''1996'''&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/FS-089-96/ Controlled Flooding of the Colorado River in Grand Canyon: The Rationale and Data-Collection Planned]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! &amp;lt;h2 style=&amp;quot;margin:0; background:#cedff2; font-size:120%; font-weight:bold; border:1px solid #a3b0bf; text-align:left; color:#000; padding:0.2em 0.4em;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;2019 HFE Workshop&amp;lt;/h2&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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&lt;br /&gt;
In lieu of the motion by Recreational Fishing representatives proposed for this meeting, GCMRC has agreed to:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
(1) conduct a scientific assessment of the effects of past experimental high flows (including&lt;br /&gt;
powerplant capacity flows) at Glen Canyon Dam on high valued resources of concern to&lt;br /&gt;
the GCDAMP (i.e., recreational beaches, aquatic food base, rainbow trout fishery,&lt;br /&gt;
hydropower, humpback chub and other native fish, and cultural resources); and &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
(2) present initial findings in a written summary at the 2019 Annual Reporting Meeting and&lt;br /&gt;
the March 2019 AMWG meeting for review and discussion.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
A next step would be for GCMRC to identify experimental flow options that would&lt;br /&gt;
consider high valued resources of concern to the GCDAMP (defined above), fill critical&lt;br /&gt;
data gaps, and reduce scientific uncertainties. [https://www.usbr.gov/uc/rm/amp/amwg/mtgs/18aug22/Motions_Action_Items.pdf]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/amwg/2019-03-06-amwg-meeting/20190301-HFE_Extended_Abstracts-Combined_FINAL.pdf Extended abstracts from the science presentations given at the HFE Assessment segment of the March 2019 Annual Reporting Meeting]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! &amp;lt;h2 style=&amp;quot;margin:0; background:#cedff2; font-size:120%; font-weight:bold; border:1px solid #a3b0bf; text-align:left; color:#000; padding:0.2em 0.4em;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;2015 HFE Synthesis Workshop&amp;lt;/h2&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/amwg/2015-02-25-amwg-meeting/Attach_HFE01.pdf GCDAMP High Flow Experiment Work Shop Introduction]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/amwg/2015-02-25-amwg-meeting/Attach_HFE02.pdf Hydrology and Sediment Transport]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/amwg/2015-02-25-amwg-meeting/Attach_HFE03.pdf Status and Trends of Sand in Glen, Marble, and Grand Canyons]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/amwg/2015-02-25-amwg-meeting/Attach_HFE04.pdf Operations and Hydropower]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/amwg/2015-02-25-amwg-meeting/Attach_HFE05.pdf HFE Impacts on Hualapai Lands]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/amwg/2015-02-25-amwg-meeting/Attach_HFE06.pdf Sand Resources and Monitoring at Archaeological Sites in Glen and Grand Canyon]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/amwg/2015-02-25-amwg-meeting/Attach_HFE07.pdf Big Flood, Small Flood, Spring Flood, Fall Flood: HFE Timing affects foodbase response in Lees Ferry]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/amwg/2015-02-25-amwg-meeting/Attach_HFE08.pdf Native and Nonnative Fishes in Glen, Marble and Grand Canyons]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! &amp;lt;h2 style=&amp;quot;margin:0; background:#cedff2; font-size:120%; font-weight:bold; border:1px solid #a3b0bf; text-align:left; color:#000; padding:0.2em 0.4em;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;2010 HFE Workshop&amp;lt;/h2&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/rm/amp/twg/mtgs/10jun29/SW_SandBudget_Modeling.pdf Sand Budget Modeling by Scott A. Wright]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/rm/amp/twg/mtgs/10jun29/KG_Hydrologic_Modeling.pdf Hydrologic Modeling by Katrina Grantz]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/rm/amp/twg/mtgs/10jun29/Valdez_Workshop.pdf Biological Resources by Rich Valdez]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/rm/amp/twg/mtgs/10jun29/JCS_USBR_June_17.pdf High Flows in Grand Canyon by Jack Schmidt]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/rm/amp/twg/mtgs/10jun29/JK_Effects.pdf Effects of the 2008 High Flow Experiment on Abundance, Growth, and Survival Rates of Early Life Stages of Rainbow Trout in the Lees Ferry Reach of the Colorado River by Josh Korman]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/rm/amp/twg/mtgs/10jun29/Spiker_GCD_Maintenance.pdf Glen Canyon Replacements and Maintendance by Max Spiker]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! &amp;lt;h2 style=&amp;quot;margin:0; background:#cedff2; font-size:120%; font-weight:bold; border:1px solid #a3b0bf; text-align:left; color:#000; padding:0.2em 0.4em;&amp;quot;&amp;gt; [http://www.usbr.gov/uc/envdocs/ea/gc/HFEProtocol/index.html 2011 HFE Protocol EA] &amp;lt;/h2&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/amwg/2012-02-22-amwg-meeting/Final%20HFE%20EA%20with%20Appendices/Appendix_A_FRN.pdf Appendix A: Federal Register Notice]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/amwg/2012-02-22-amwg-meeting/Final%20HFE%20EA%20with%20Appendices/Appendix_B_Science%20Plan.pdf Appendix B: Science Plan]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/amwg/2012-02-22-amwg-meeting/Final%20HFE%20EA%20with%20Appendices/Appendix_C_BA.pdf Appendix C: Biological Assessment]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/amwg/2012-02-22-amwg-meeting/Final%20HFE%20EA%20with%20Appendices/Appendix_D_HydrologicData.pdf Appendix D: Hydrologic Data]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/amwg/2012-02-22-amwg-meeting/Final%20HFE%20EA%20with%20Appendices/Appendix_E_SedimentAnalysis.pdf Appendix E: Sediment Analysis]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/amwg/2012-02-22-amwg-meeting/Final%20HFE%20EA%20with%20Appendices/Appendix_F_new.pdf Appendix F: Methods for Estimating the Impacts on Hydropower at GCD]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/amwg/2012-02-22-amwg-meeting/Final%20HFE%20EA%20with%20Appendices/Appendix_G_SHPO%20Letter.pdf Appendix G: SHPO Letter]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! &amp;lt;h2 style=&amp;quot;margin:0; background:#cedff2; font-size:120%; font-weight:bold; border:1px solid #a3b0bf; text-align:left; color:#000; padding:0.2em 0.4em;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;Power Plant Capacity Flow Tests &amp;lt;/h2&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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&lt;br /&gt;
*Habitat Maintenance Flow (HMF) – September 1997&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://gcdamp.com/index.php?title=The_2000_Low_Summer_Steady_Flow_Experiment Low Summer Steady Flow: April – September 2000]; Included two powerplant-capacity flows, one in May and one in September&lt;br /&gt;
*California power emergencies 2000 - 2001: Included six powerplant capacity flows&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! &amp;lt;h2 style=&amp;quot;margin:0; background:#cedff2; font-size:120%; font-weight:bold; border:1px solid #a3b0bf; text-align:left; color:#000; padding:0.2em 0.4em;&amp;quot;&amp;gt; HFEs and the Colorado River Basin Project Act of 1968 &amp;lt;/h2&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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&lt;br /&gt;
One area that has been a source of recent discussion has been the question of planned high releases from Glen Canyon Dam for such purposes as &amp;quot;beach habitat building flows.&amp;quot; The Department expects the AMWG to work and provide its recommendations within the following context. Since the GCPA is clear that it was not intended to modify the compacts or &amp;quot;the provisions of the Colorado River Storage Project Act of 1956 and the Colorado River Basin Project Act of 1968 that govern allocation, appropriation, development, and exportation of the waters of the Colorado River Basin&amp;quot; (GCPA, section 1802(b)), any operational changes under the auspices of the GCPA are clearly subordinate to and must fit within the constraints of those provisions. Historically, there have been differences of legal opinion over some related issues, such as whether releases of water above power plant capacity, if made for authorized purposes, can be considered as not constituting &amp;quot;spills&amp;quot; within the meaning of section 602(a) of the Colorado River Basin Project Act of 1968 and the Operating Criteria implemented pursuant to section 602, and more recently over whether the GCPA &amp;quot;amends&amp;quot; existing law by adding additional authorized purposes for the operation of Glen Canyon Dam. These legal issues have not been finally resolved, but given the limitations provided in the ROD, the Glen Canyon Dam operating criteria, and the 1996 agreement between the Department and the Basin States, it is believed that they have been adequately addressed. [https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/amwg/2002-07-17-amwg-meeting/Attach_10b.pdf]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! &amp;lt;h2 style=&amp;quot;margin:0; background:#cedff2; font-size:120%; font-weight:bold; border:1px solid #a3b0bf; text-align:left; color:#000; padding:0.2em 0.4em;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;Other Stuff&amp;lt;/h2&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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&lt;br /&gt;
==Calculating the Cumulative Sand Load for an HFE==&lt;br /&gt;
# Determine the amount of sand that has come in from the Paria River during the HFE Accounting Period you are interested in. Go to the [http://www.gcmrc.gov/discharge_qw_sediment/station/GCDAMP/09382000#/ '''Paria River gage at Lees Ferry'''] and check the Cumulative Sand Load box and enter the dates of the HFE Accounting Period. &lt;br /&gt;
# Determine the amount of sand  that has been transported out of Marble Canyon during the HFE accounting period by taking the lower bound value of the change in sand storage in [http://www.gcmrc.gov/discharge_qw_sediment/reach/GCDAMP/09383050/09383100 '''Lower Marble Canyon'''] and subtracting it from the lower bound value of the change in sand storage in [http://www.gcmrc.gov/discharge_qw_sediment/reach/GCDAMP/09380000/09383050 '''Upper Marble Canyon'''].&lt;br /&gt;
# Subtract the amount of sand that has been transported out of Marble Canyon from the amount of sand that has come in from the Paria River and you get the amount of sand Reclamation uses for planning the HFE.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Calculating Magnitude and Duration of an HFE==&lt;br /&gt;
Reclamation takes the amount of sand calculated above and subtracts the amount of sand that will be transported out of Marble Canyon between the time of the model run and the HFE. Reclamation then calculates the largest possible volume and duration release from the dam using the [https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/70007515 '''Scott Wright sediment transport model'''] that does not result in a negative sand balance between the 30-mile gage and the LCR by the end of the accounting period. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==How much water can be released at Glen Canyon Dam?==&lt;br /&gt;
* 8 generators = 31,500 cfs &lt;br /&gt;
* 4 bypass tubes = 15,000 cfs &lt;br /&gt;
* 2 spillways (require reservoir elevations above 3648') = up to 208,000 cfs&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==How often would an HFE be triggered? ([http://ltempeis.anl.gov/documents/final-eis/vol3/Appendix_P-HFE_Protocol.pdf LTEMP Appendix P]) == &lt;br /&gt;
* Proactive Spring HFEs: 10% of years&lt;br /&gt;
* Sediment-triggered Spring HFEs: 26% of years&lt;br /&gt;
* Sediment-triggered Fall HFEs: 77% of years&lt;br /&gt;
* Extended-Duration Fall HFEs: 25% of years&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;Span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/Span&amp;gt;&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Cellsworth</name></author>	</entry>

	<entry>
		<id>http://gcdamp.com/index.php?title=Glen_Canyon_Dam_Adaptive_Management_ADMINISTRATIVE_HISTORY&amp;diff=11263</id>
		<title>Glen Canyon Dam Adaptive Management ADMINISTRATIVE HISTORY</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://gcdamp.com/index.php?title=Glen_Canyon_Dam_Adaptive_Management_ADMINISTRATIVE_HISTORY&amp;diff=11263"/>
				<updated>2026-09-28T22:08:43Z</updated>
		
		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Cellsworth: &lt;/p&gt;
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==[[GCDAMP Strategic Plan| '''History of the Glen Canyon Dam Adaptive Management Program''']]==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The Secretary of the Interior Bruce Babbitt, created the Glen Canyon Dam Adaptive Management Program (GCDAMP) in response to the 1995 Environmental Impact Statement on the Operations of Glen Canyon Dam. The GCDAMP is responsible for implementation of the Grand Canyon Protection Act of 1992, to monitor the operation of Glen Canyon Dam, to ensure the dam is operated in compliance with a range of laws and regulations and mitigate any significant environmental impacts. [https://gcdamphistory.org/about/what-is-gcdamp/]&lt;br /&gt;
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{|width=&amp;quot;100%&amp;quot; cellpadding=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; cellspacing=&amp;quot;5&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;vertical-align:top; background:#f5faff;&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
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==[[GCDAMP History Time-Line -Years|=&amp;gt; Click here to see the Expanded GCDAMP History Timeline &amp;lt;=]]==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Glen Canyon Environmental Studies - Phase I (1982-1988)==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Phase I of the Glen Canyon Environmental Studies (GCES), conducted from 1982 to 1988, was a major scientific research program launched by the U.S. Bureau of Reclamation to evaluate how dam operations affected the downstream ecosystem of the Colorado River.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
*Purpose: Assess the short- and long-term impacts of Glen Canyon Dam operations on downstream resources, including vegetation, wildlife, fisheries, recreation, and sand beaches.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
*Main Findings: Scientists discovered that rapid daily water fluctuations and high-volume releases from the dam were causing significant damage to downstream environments, native habitats, and cultural resources.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
*Conclusion and Next Steps: Phase I concluded in 1988 with a final report. The alarming evidence gathered directly triggered Phase II in 1989 and forced the Secretary of the Interior to order a comprehensive Environmental Impact Statement (EIS) to reform dam management.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Glen Canyon Environmental Studies - Phase II (1988-1988)==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The Glen Canyon Environmental Studies (GCES) Phase II was a major scientific research program conducted in the 1990s to evaluate how the operations of Glen Canyon Dam affected the downstream ecosystem of the Colorado River through Glen and Grand Canyons.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
*Purpose: Launched by the Bureau of Reclamation following Phase I, Phase II gathered comprehensive data to understand the physical, chemical, and biological impacts of dam releases (such as fluctuating flows for power generation) on beaches, native fish, and cultural resources.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
*Scientific Integration: It integrated diverse scientific disciplines—including hydrology, sediment transport, aquatic ecology, and terrestrial biology—to create experimental high flows and steady flow tests.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
*Legacy and Outcome: The extensive data and environmental assessments produced during Phase II directly provided the scientific foundation for the 1996 Glen Canyon Dam Environmental Impact Statement (EIS) and the subsequent establishment of the Glen Canyon Dam Adaptive Management Program (GCDAMP).&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==National Research Council workshop on Colorado River (1989)==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
In 1989, the National Research Council (NRC) sponsored a pivotal symposium/workshop that reviewed existing scientific knowledge on the Colorado River ecosystem.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''Context and Core Focus'''&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
This workshop was a critical milestone in the history of the Glen Canyon Dam Adaptive Management Program (GCDAMP). Prior to this, Phase I of the Glen Canyon Environmental Studies (GCES) (spanning 1982–1988) had revealed that the daily fluctuating water releases from the Glen Canyon Dam were causing significant degradation downstream. This included the erosion of sandbars used for campsites and the destruction of critical habitats for native and endangered fish in the Grand Canyon.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The 1989 NRC workshop brought together scientists, resource managers, and policymakers to synthesize what was known about these human-induced ecological impacts.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''Historical Significance &amp;amp; Outcomes'''&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
*Catalyst for Policy Change: The symposium coincided with a major turning point. In July 1989, Secretary of the Interior Manuel Lujan used these compounding scientific concerns to formally order a comprehensive Environmental Impact Statement (EIS) on Glen Canyon Dam operations. This marked the first time a retroactive EIS was mandated for an active, major federal dam.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
*Transition to Phase II: The workshop helped structure the scientific hypotheses for Phase II of the GCES (1989–1996), shifting the focus toward integrated ecosystem modeling and formal adaptive management.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
*Subsequent Publication: The findings and reviews initiated around this period culminated in the landmark NRC report, [https://www.nationalacademies.org/publications/1832 Colorado River Ecology and Dam Management], published in 1990.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Formative discussions on the concept for HFEs (1990-1995)==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
High Flow Experimental Releases (HFEs) refer to controlled, high-volume water releases from dams designed to mimic natural floods and rebuild ecological habitats.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The Concept: Between 1990 and 1995, scientists associated with pioneering ecologist Duncan Patten engaged in highly controversial &amp;quot;formative discussions&amp;quot; about the concept of controlled flooding.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The Debate: At the time, major federal water agencies and traditional engineers were deeply wary of intentionally flooding river systems. These early 1990s discussions served to lay the scientific groundwork for changing dam discharge patterns.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The Result: This period directly led to the implementation of interim operating criteria at major sites like the Glen Canyon Dam, culminating in the first historic, massive test of an environmental HFE in the Grand Canyon in 1996.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Beginning of Interim Operating Criteria (1991)==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The interim operating criteria for Glen Canyon Dam officially began implementation in August 1991, following an initial testing period and a formal Interagency Agreement.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
*Testing Phase: Tested by the Bureau of Reclamation between August 1 and October 31, 1991, to evaluate research flows and downstream ecological data.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
*Interagency Agreement: Formalized via an agreement executed between the Bureau of Reclamation and the Western Area Power Administration (WAPA) on October 2, 1991 (with exception criteria detailed further on October 21, 1991).&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
*Operational Flexibility: Allowed WAPA a 10% fluctuation buffer around operational constraints to manage electrical control areas while accommodating downramp limits.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
*Environmental Context: Preceded the landmark Grand Canyon Protection Act of 1992, which legally mandated protecting downstream resources in Grand Canyon National Park and Glen Canyon National Recreation Area.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==[https://gcdamp.com/index.php/Grand_Canyon_Protection_Act Grand Canyon Protection Act (1992)]==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The Grand Canyon Protection Act of 1992 directed the Secretary of the Interior to manage the Glen Canyon Dam to protect downstream environmental, cultural, and recreational resources in the Grand Canyon.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''Key Provisions'''&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
*Dam Operations: Required the Bureau of Reclamation to operate Glen Canyon Dam in a way that mitigates adverse impacts on natural and cultural resources and visitor use in a manner fully consistent with and subject to the Law of the River.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
*Water Priority: Made environmental protection subordinate to the primary water storage and delivery functions of the Colorado River Compact.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
*Environmental Impact Statement (EIS): Mandated a comprehensive EIS on dam operations, leading to a 1996 Record of Decision.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
*Long-Term Monitoring: Ordered the establishment of long-term monitoring programs and adaptive management to continually evaluate downstream ecosystem health.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Glen Canyon Dam Environmental Impact Statement (1995)==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The Glen Canyon Dam Environmental Impact Statement (Reclamation 1995) was completed in&lt;br /&gt;
March 1995. Its purpose was to “determine specific options that could be implemented to&lt;br /&gt;
minimize—consistent with law—adverse impacts on the downstream environmental and cultural&lt;br /&gt;
resources and Native American interests in Glen and Grand Canyons.” The Glen Canyon Dam &lt;br /&gt;
Environmental Impact Statement analyzed nine alternatives to allow the Secretary of the Interior&lt;br /&gt;
to balance competing interests and to meet statutory responsibilities for protecting downstream&lt;br /&gt;
resources and producing hydropower, and to protect affected Native American interests. The&lt;br /&gt;
preferred alternative was the Modified Low Fluctuating Flow Alternative.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Establishment of the Grand Canyon Monitoring and Research Center (1995)==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The Grand Canyon Monitoring and Research Center (GCMRC) was officially established in November 1995 to measure how Glen Canyon Dam operations affect natural, physical, biological, and cultural resources along the Colorado River.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Legislative Mandate: Created to fulfill the long-term monitoring and research requirements of the Grand Canyon Protection Act of 1992.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Core Mission: Ensure that Glen Canyon Dam operates in a way that protects and improves the values of Grand Canyon National Park and Glen Canyon National Recreation Area.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Program Integration: Absorbed the earlier Glen Canyon Environmental Studies program and became the main science provider for the Glen Canyon Dam Adaptive Management Program (GCDAMP).&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Transition Work Group (1995-1996)==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The informal group was assembled to act as a bridge between GCES and GCDAMP personnel and methods. It was comprised mostly of soon-to-be GCDAMP stakeholders.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Record of Decision on the Operation of Glen Canyon Dam (1996)==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
On October 9, 1996, the Secretary of the Interior signed the Record of Decision that presented&lt;br /&gt;
the rationale for choosing the Modified Low Fluctuating Flow Alternative. As noted in the Record of Decision:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The goal of selecting a preferred alternative was not to maximize benefits for the most&lt;br /&gt;
resources, but rather to find an alternative dam operating plan that would permit recovery&lt;br /&gt;
and long-term sustainability of downstream resources while limiting hydropower&lt;br /&gt;
capability and flexibility only to the extent necessary to achieve recovery and long-term&lt;br /&gt;
sustainability. [Reclamation 1996:10]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The Record of Decision (Appendix G) included seven environmental and monitoring&lt;br /&gt;
commitments:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* Adaptive Management&lt;br /&gt;
* Monitoring and Protection of Cultural Resources&lt;br /&gt;
* Flood Frequency Reduction Measures&lt;br /&gt;
* Beach/Habitat-Building Flows&lt;br /&gt;
* New Population of Humpback Chub&lt;br /&gt;
* Further Study of Selective Withdrawal&lt;br /&gt;
* Emergency Exception Criteria&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The commitments are explained in detail in the Record of Decision (Reclamation 1996;&lt;br /&gt;
Appendix G) and in the Glen Canyon Dam Environmental Impact Statement (Reclamation&lt;br /&gt;
1995:33-34); however, it should be noted that subsequent work of the Technical Work Group&lt;br /&gt;
and Adaptive Management Work Group have altered some commitments (Technical Work&lt;br /&gt;
Group 1998) with Endangered Species Act and National Environmental Policy Act compliance.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Strategic Planning Subcommittee (1997-2000)==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Formed at the behest of SOI Bruce Babbitt for the transition from GCES to GCDAMP/AMWG. There were seven members, representing recreation, environmental, tribal, hydropower and Department of the Interior interests. According to Andre Potochnik, it was this group that took the Colorado River trip described in detail by Mary Orton (see 1999, below).&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==AMWG and TWG fully established (1997)==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
In 1997 Secretary of Interior Bruce Babbitt established the Glen Canyon Dam Adaptive Management Work Group (AMWG) as a formal Federal Advisory Committee, under the authority and guidelines of the Federal Advisory Committee Act of 1972. The purpose of AMWG was to monitor implementation of the ROD, provide recommendations to the Secretary regarding its effectiveness, and recommend science-based adjustments to the operation of Glen Canyon Dam to better achieve restoration and maintenance of downstream resources. AMWG held its first meeting on September 10-11, 1997, and officially formed the Glen Canyon Technical Work Group (TWG) as a subgroup to work on tasks charged to them by the AMWG.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==AMWG Colorado River trip (1999)==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
As described in Mary Orton’s oral history interview, this trip through Grand Canyon helped soothe contention among AMWG stakeholders, who had not been working together for very long, and resulted in a Vision Statement for the group. Most oral history interviewees involved in GCDAMP at the time have shared a recollection of the trip or its impact on the program.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Publication of first GCDAMP Strategic Plan (2001)==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
“This strategic plan is a guidance document for the Glen Canyon Dam Adaptive Management Program and was developed by program members. Elements of this plan include the Glen Canyon Dam Adaptive Management Work Group’s vision and mission statements, as well as principles, goals, and management objectives.” (From the Foreword to the Stategic Plan)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Experimental design initiated (2002)==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Adaptive Management Work Group recommends implementation of the first 2 years of an experimental design proposed by the GCMRC.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Experimental fish programs launched (2003)==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Experiment begun to remove nonnative fish from the Colorado River in Grand Canyon. Fluctuating nonnative fish suppression releases from January through March implemented and continued through 2005.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==http://www.riversimulator.org/Resources/Legal/GCD/ReclamationLTEPwebPage.pdf Long-Term Experimental Plan Environmental Plan (2006) ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The Long-Term Experimental Plan Environmental Impact Statement (LTEP&lt;br /&gt;
EIS) was begun in late 2006 to address flow and non-flow actions in the&lt;br /&gt;
Colorado River below Glen Canyon Dam. The Bureau of Reclamation&lt;br /&gt;
completed public scoping for the proposed action in January 2007 and&lt;br /&gt;
issued a scoping report in March 2007. Multiple factors, including&lt;br /&gt;
extraordinarily large sediment inputs from tributaries, new information on&lt;br /&gt;
the endangered humpback chub population, and litigation, have led to a&lt;br /&gt;
temporary suspension of work on the LTEP EIS, and instead a primary&lt;br /&gt;
focus on Endangered Species Act and National Environmental Policy Act&lt;br /&gt;
compliance on a five-year plan of experimental flows, including a high-flow&lt;br /&gt;
test that was completed in early March 2008.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==The High Flow Experiment Protocol (2012)==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
“Secretary of the Interior Ken Salazar triggered the first release under the experimental long-term protocol in November 2012. The protocol calls for conducting more frequent high-flow experimental releases and timing them to occur following sediment inputs to the Colorado River downstream from Glen Canyon Dam.” &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==LTEMP EIS (2016)==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
LTEMP “provides the basis for decisions that identify management actions and experimental options that will provide a framework for adaptively managing Glen Canyon Dam operations over the next 20 years.”&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
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*[http://gcdamphistory.org GCDAMP Administrative History website]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://gcdamphistory.org/about/new-member-orientation/ New Member Orientation]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://gcdamphistory.org/archive/key-readings/ Key Readings]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://gcdamphistory.org/archive/oral-histories/ Oral Histories]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://gcdamphistory.org/history/historical-timeline/ Historical Timeline]&lt;br /&gt;
*[[GCDAMP AHAHG Page| Administrative History Ad-Hoc Group (AHAHG) page]]&lt;br /&gt;
*[[GCES Documents| GCES Documents]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
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==GCDAMP Wiki==&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://gcdamp.com/index.php?title=GCDAMP_WIKI_Overview_Questions Link to information on the GCDAMP Wiki]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==GCDAMP Administrative History Project==&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://gcdamp.com/index.php?title=BIO_Pages Bio Pages for GCDAMP Stakeholders and their Representatives]&lt;br /&gt;
*[[GCDAMP Representatives- History|  GCDAMP Representatives- History]]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.dropbox.com/sh/o1luou2q20bkwz3/AAD_ugRuHF7BtpOdZtkLTpjXa?dl=0 Interviews dropbox: Mary Orton, Larry Stevens, Cliff Barrett and Dave Wegner]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Interviews===&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://gcdamp.com/index.php?title=Cliff_Barrett-_BIO_PAGE Cliff Barrett]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
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'''2020'''&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/twg/2020-04-15-twg-meeting/20200415-AdministrativeHistoryProjectProgressUpdate-Presentation-508-UCRO.pdf Administrative History Project – Progress Update ]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''2019'''&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/amwg/2019-03-06-amwg-meeting/20190306-AdministrativeHistoryUpdate-Presentation-508-UCRO.pdf Administrative History Project Update Presentation]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''2018'''&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/rm/amp/amwg/mtgs/18feb14/Attach_13.pdf GCDAMP Administrative History Project PPT]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''2017'''&lt;br /&gt;
*[[Media:GCDAMP Administrative History Project Year 1 Report.pdf| First Year Report and Strategic Plan for GCDAMP administrative history]]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/rm/amp/amwg/mtgs/17feb15/AIF%20Admin%20History.pdf GCDAMP Administrative History Project Update ]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/rm/amp/amwg/mtgs/17feb15/Wiki%20Report.pdf GCDAMP Wiki Update ]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''2016'''&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://www.usbr.gov/uc/rm/amp/twg/mtgs/16oct18/Attach_03.pdf Wiki ppt]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
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&amp;lt;Span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/Span&amp;gt;&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Cellsworth</name></author>	</entry>

	<entry>
		<id>http://gcdamp.com/index.php?title=Glen_Canyon_Dam_Adaptive_Management_ADMINISTRATIVE_HISTORY&amp;diff=11262</id>
		<title>Glen Canyon Dam Adaptive Management ADMINISTRATIVE HISTORY</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://gcdamp.com/index.php?title=Glen_Canyon_Dam_Adaptive_Management_ADMINISTRATIVE_HISTORY&amp;diff=11262"/>
				<updated>2026-09-18T19:37:03Z</updated>
		
		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Cellsworth: &lt;/p&gt;
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==[[GCDAMP Strategic Plan| '''History of the Glen Canyon Dam Adaptive Management Program''']]==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The Secretary of the Interior Bruce Babbitt, created the Glen Canyon Dam Adaptive Management Program (GCDAMP) in response to the 1995 Environmental Impact Statement on the Operations of Glen Canyon Dam. The GCDAMP is responsible for implementation of the Grand Canyon Protection Act of 1992, to monitor the operation of Glen Canyon Dam, to ensure the dam is operated in compliance with a range of laws and regulations and mitigate any significant environmental impacts. [https://gcdamphistory.org/about/what-is-gcdamp/]&lt;br /&gt;
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{|width=&amp;quot;100%&amp;quot; cellpadding=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; cellspacing=&amp;quot;5&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;vertical-align:top; background:#f5faff;&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
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==Glen Canyon Environmental Studies - Phase I (1982-1988)==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Phase I of the Glen Canyon Environmental Studies (GCES), conducted from 1982 to 1988, was a major scientific research program launched by the U.S. Bureau of Reclamation to evaluate how dam operations affected the downstream ecosystem of the Colorado River.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
*Purpose: Assess the short- and long-term impacts of Glen Canyon Dam operations on downstream resources, including vegetation, wildlife, fisheries, recreation, and sand beaches.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
*Main Findings: Scientists discovered that rapid daily water fluctuations and high-volume releases from the dam were causing significant damage to downstream environments, native habitats, and cultural resources.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
*Conclusion and Next Steps: Phase I concluded in 1988 with a final report. The alarming evidence gathered directly triggered Phase II in 1989 and forced the Secretary of the Interior to order a comprehensive Environmental Impact Statement (EIS) to reform dam management.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Glen Canyon Environmental Studies - Phase II (1988-1988)==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The Glen Canyon Environmental Studies (GCES) Phase II was a major scientific research program conducted in the 1990s to evaluate how the operations of Glen Canyon Dam affected the downstream ecosystem of the Colorado River through Glen and Grand Canyons.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
*Purpose: Launched by the Bureau of Reclamation following Phase I, Phase II gathered comprehensive data to understand the physical, chemical, and biological impacts of dam releases (such as fluctuating flows for power generation) on beaches, native fish, and cultural resources.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
*Scientific Integration: It integrated diverse scientific disciplines—including hydrology, sediment transport, aquatic ecology, and terrestrial biology—to create experimental high flows and steady flow tests.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
*Legacy and Outcome: The extensive data and environmental assessments produced during Phase II directly provided the scientific foundation for the 1996 Glen Canyon Dam Environmental Impact Statement (EIS) and the subsequent establishment of the Glen Canyon Dam Adaptive Management Program (GCDAMP).&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==National Research Council workshop on Colorado River (1989)==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
In 1989, the National Research Council (NRC) sponsored a pivotal symposium/workshop that reviewed existing scientific knowledge on the Colorado River ecosystem.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''Context and Core Focus'''&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
This workshop was a critical milestone in the history of the Glen Canyon Dam Adaptive Management Program (GCDAMP). Prior to this, Phase I of the Glen Canyon Environmental Studies (GCES) (spanning 1982–1988) had revealed that the daily fluctuating water releases from the Glen Canyon Dam were causing significant degradation downstream. This included the erosion of sandbars used for campsites and the destruction of critical habitats for native and endangered fish in the Grand Canyon.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The 1989 NRC workshop brought together scientists, resource managers, and policymakers to synthesize what was known about these human-induced ecological impacts.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''Historical Significance &amp;amp; Outcomes'''&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
*Catalyst for Policy Change: The symposium coincided with a major turning point. In July 1989, Secretary of the Interior Manuel Lujan used these compounding scientific concerns to formally order a comprehensive Environmental Impact Statement (EIS) on Glen Canyon Dam operations. This marked the first time a retroactive EIS was mandated for an active, major federal dam.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
*Transition to Phase II: The workshop helped structure the scientific hypotheses for Phase II of the GCES (1989–1996), shifting the focus toward integrated ecosystem modeling and formal adaptive management.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
*Subsequent Publication: The findings and reviews initiated around this period culminated in the landmark NRC report, [https://www.nationalacademies.org/publications/1832 Colorado River Ecology and Dam Management], published in 1990.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Formative discussions on the concept for HFEs (1990-1995)==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
High Flow Experimental Releases (HFEs) refer to controlled, high-volume water releases from dams designed to mimic natural floods and rebuild ecological habitats.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The Concept: Between 1990 and 1995, scientists associated with pioneering ecologist Duncan Patten engaged in highly controversial &amp;quot;formative discussions&amp;quot; about the concept of controlled flooding.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The Debate: At the time, major federal water agencies and traditional engineers were deeply wary of intentionally flooding river systems. These early 1990s discussions served to lay the scientific groundwork for changing dam discharge patterns.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The Result: This period directly led to the implementation of interim operating criteria at major sites like the Glen Canyon Dam, culminating in the first historic, massive test of an environmental HFE in the Grand Canyon in 1996.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Beginning of Interim Operating Criteria (1991)==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The interim operating criteria for Glen Canyon Dam officially began implementation in August 1991, following an initial testing period and a formal Interagency Agreement.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
*Testing Phase: Tested by the Bureau of Reclamation between August 1 and October 31, 1991, to evaluate research flows and downstream ecological data.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
*Interagency Agreement: Formalized via an agreement executed between the Bureau of Reclamation and the Western Area Power Administration (WAPA) on October 2, 1991 (with exception criteria detailed further on October 21, 1991).&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
*Operational Flexibility: Allowed WAPA a 10% fluctuation buffer around operational constraints to manage electrical control areas while accommodating downramp limits.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
*Environmental Context: Preceded the landmark Grand Canyon Protection Act of 1992, which legally mandated protecting downstream resources in Grand Canyon National Park and Glen Canyon National Recreation Area.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==[https://gcdamp.com/index.php/Grand_Canyon_Protection_Act Grand Canyon Protection Act (1992)]==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The Grand Canyon Protection Act of 1992 directed the Secretary of the Interior to manage the Glen Canyon Dam to protect downstream environmental, cultural, and recreational resources in the Grand Canyon.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''Key Provisions'''&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
*Dam Operations: Required the Bureau of Reclamation to operate Glen Canyon Dam in a way that mitigates adverse impacts on natural and cultural resources and visitor use in a manner fully consistent with and subject to the Law of the River.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
*Water Priority: Made environmental protection subordinate to the primary water storage and delivery functions of the Colorado River Compact.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
*Environmental Impact Statement (EIS): Mandated a comprehensive EIS on dam operations, leading to a 1996 Record of Decision.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
*Long-Term Monitoring: Ordered the establishment of long-term monitoring programs and adaptive management to continually evaluate downstream ecosystem health.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Glen Canyon Dam Environmental Impact Statement (1995)==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The Glen Canyon Dam Environmental Impact Statement (Reclamation 1995) was completed in&lt;br /&gt;
March 1995. Its purpose was to “determine specific options that could be implemented to&lt;br /&gt;
minimize—consistent with law—adverse impacts on the downstream environmental and cultural&lt;br /&gt;
resources and Native American interests in Glen and Grand Canyons.” The Glen Canyon Dam &lt;br /&gt;
Environmental Impact Statement analyzed nine alternatives to allow the Secretary of the Interior&lt;br /&gt;
to balance competing interests and to meet statutory responsibilities for protecting downstream&lt;br /&gt;
resources and producing hydropower, and to protect affected Native American interests. The&lt;br /&gt;
preferred alternative was the Modified Low Fluctuating Flow Alternative.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Establishment of the Grand Canyon Monitoring and Research Center (1995)==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The Grand Canyon Monitoring and Research Center (GCMRC) was officially established in November 1995 to measure how Glen Canyon Dam operations affect natural, physical, biological, and cultural resources along the Colorado River.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Legislative Mandate: Created to fulfill the long-term monitoring and research requirements of the Grand Canyon Protection Act of 1992.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Core Mission: Ensure that Glen Canyon Dam operates in a way that protects and improves the values of Grand Canyon National Park and Glen Canyon National Recreation Area.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Program Integration: Absorbed the earlier Glen Canyon Environmental Studies program and became the main science provider for the Glen Canyon Dam Adaptive Management Program (GCDAMP).&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Transition Work Group (1995-1996)==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The informal group was assembled to act as a bridge between GCES and GCDAMP personnel and methods. It was comprised mostly of soon-to-be GCDAMP stakeholders.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Record of Decision on the Operation of Glen Canyon Dam (1996)==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
On October 9, 1996, the Secretary of the Interior signed the Record of Decision that presented&lt;br /&gt;
the rationale for choosing the Modified Low Fluctuating Flow Alternative. As noted in the Record of Decision:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The goal of selecting a preferred alternative was not to maximize benefits for the most&lt;br /&gt;
resources, but rather to find an alternative dam operating plan that would permit recovery&lt;br /&gt;
and long-term sustainability of downstream resources while limiting hydropower&lt;br /&gt;
capability and flexibility only to the extent necessary to achieve recovery and long-term&lt;br /&gt;
sustainability. [Reclamation 1996:10]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The Record of Decision (Appendix G) included seven environmental and monitoring&lt;br /&gt;
commitments:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* Adaptive Management&lt;br /&gt;
* Monitoring and Protection of Cultural Resources&lt;br /&gt;
* Flood Frequency Reduction Measures&lt;br /&gt;
* Beach/Habitat-Building Flows&lt;br /&gt;
* New Population of Humpback Chub&lt;br /&gt;
* Further Study of Selective Withdrawal&lt;br /&gt;
* Emergency Exception Criteria&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The commitments are explained in detail in the Record of Decision (Reclamation 1996;&lt;br /&gt;
Appendix G) and in the Glen Canyon Dam Environmental Impact Statement (Reclamation&lt;br /&gt;
1995:33-34); however, it should be noted that subsequent work of the Technical Work Group&lt;br /&gt;
and Adaptive Management Work Group have altered some commitments (Technical Work&lt;br /&gt;
Group 1998) with Endangered Species Act and National Environmental Policy Act compliance.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Strategic Planning Subcommittee (1997-2000)==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Formed at the behest of SOI Bruce Babbitt for the transition from GCES to GCDAMP/AMWG. There were seven members, representing recreation, environmental, tribal, hydropower and Department of the Interior interests. According to Andre Potochnik, it was this group that took the Colorado River trip described in detail by Mary Orton (see 1999, below).&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==AMWG and TWG fully established (1997)==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
In 1997 Secretary of Interior Bruce Babbitt established the Glen Canyon Dam Adaptive Management Work Group (AMWG) as a formal Federal Advisory Committee, under the authority and guidelines of the Federal Advisory Committee Act of 1972. The purpose of AMWG was to monitor implementation of the ROD, provide recommendations to the Secretary regarding its effectiveness, and recommend science-based adjustments to the operation of Glen Canyon Dam to better achieve restoration and maintenance of downstream resources. AMWG held its first meeting on September 10-11, 1997, and officially formed the Glen Canyon Technical Work Group (TWG) as a subgroup to work on tasks charged to them by the AMWG.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==AMWG Colorado River trip (1999)==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
As described in Mary Orton’s oral history interview, this trip through Grand Canyon helped soothe contention among AMWG stakeholders, who had not been working together for very long, and resulted in a Vision Statement for the group. Most oral history interviewees involved in GCDAMP at the time have shared a recollection of the trip or its impact on the program.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Publication of first GCDAMP Strategic Plan (2001)==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
“This strategic plan is a guidance document for the Glen Canyon Dam Adaptive Management Program and was developed by program members. Elements of this plan include the Glen Canyon Dam Adaptive Management Work Group’s vision and mission statements, as well as principles, goals, and management objectives.” (From the Foreword to the Stategic Plan)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Experimental design initiated (2002)==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Adaptive Management Work Group recommends implementation of the first 2 years of an experimental design proposed by the GCMRC.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Experimental fish programs launched (2003)==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Experiment begun to remove nonnative fish from the Colorado River in Grand Canyon. Fluctuating nonnative fish suppression releases from January through March implemented and continued through 2005.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==http://www.riversimulator.org/Resources/Legal/GCD/ReclamationLTEPwebPage.pdf Long-Term Experimental Plan Environmental Plan (2006) ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The Long-Term Experimental Plan Environmental Impact Statement (LTEP&lt;br /&gt;
EIS) was begun in late 2006 to address flow and non-flow actions in the&lt;br /&gt;
Colorado River below Glen Canyon Dam. The Bureau of Reclamation&lt;br /&gt;
completed public scoping for the proposed action in January 2007 and&lt;br /&gt;
issued a scoping report in March 2007. Multiple factors, including&lt;br /&gt;
extraordinarily large sediment inputs from tributaries, new information on&lt;br /&gt;
the endangered humpback chub population, and litigation, have led to a&lt;br /&gt;
temporary suspension of work on the LTEP EIS, and instead a primary&lt;br /&gt;
focus on Endangered Species Act and National Environmental Policy Act&lt;br /&gt;
compliance on a five-year plan of experimental flows, including a high-flow&lt;br /&gt;
test that was completed in early March 2008.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==The High Flow Experiment Protocol (2012)==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
“Secretary of the Interior Ken Salazar triggered the first release under the experimental long-term protocol in November 2012. The protocol calls for conducting more frequent high-flow experimental releases and timing them to occur following sediment inputs to the Colorado River downstream from Glen Canyon Dam.” &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==LTEMP EIS (2016)==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
LTEMP “provides the basis for decisions that identify management actions and experimental options that will provide a framework for adaptively managing Glen Canyon Dam operations over the next 20 years.”&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
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*[http://gcdamphistory.org GCDAMP Administrative History website]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://gcdamphistory.org/about/new-member-orientation/ New Member Orientation]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://gcdamphistory.org/archive/key-readings/ Key Readings]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://gcdamphistory.org/archive/oral-histories/ Oral Histories]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://gcdamphistory.org/history/historical-timeline/ Historical Timeline]&lt;br /&gt;
*[[GCDAMP AHAHG Page| Administrative History Ad-Hoc Group (AHAHG) page]]&lt;br /&gt;
*[[GCES Documents| GCES Documents]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
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==GCDAMP Wiki==&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://gcdamp.com/index.php?title=GCDAMP_WIKI_Overview_Questions Link to information on the GCDAMP Wiki]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==GCDAMP Administrative History Project==&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://gcdamp.com/index.php?title=BIO_Pages Bio Pages for GCDAMP Stakeholders and their Representatives]&lt;br /&gt;
*[[GCDAMP Representatives- History|  GCDAMP Representatives- History]]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.dropbox.com/sh/o1luou2q20bkwz3/AAD_ugRuHF7BtpOdZtkLTpjXa?dl=0 Interviews dropbox: Mary Orton, Larry Stevens, Cliff Barrett and Dave Wegner]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Interviews===&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://gcdamp.com/index.php?title=Cliff_Barrett-_BIO_PAGE Cliff Barrett]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
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|-&lt;br /&gt;
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'''2020'''&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/twg/2020-04-15-twg-meeting/20200415-AdministrativeHistoryProjectProgressUpdate-Presentation-508-UCRO.pdf Administrative History Project – Progress Update ]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''2019'''&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/amwg/2019-03-06-amwg-meeting/20190306-AdministrativeHistoryUpdate-Presentation-508-UCRO.pdf Administrative History Project Update Presentation]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''2018'''&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/rm/amp/amwg/mtgs/18feb14/Attach_13.pdf GCDAMP Administrative History Project PPT]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''2017'''&lt;br /&gt;
*[[Media:GCDAMP Administrative History Project Year 1 Report.pdf| First Year Report and Strategic Plan for GCDAMP administrative history]]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/rm/amp/amwg/mtgs/17feb15/AIF%20Admin%20History.pdf GCDAMP Administrative History Project Update ]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/rm/amp/amwg/mtgs/17feb15/Wiki%20Report.pdf GCDAMP Wiki Update ]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''2016'''&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://www.usbr.gov/uc/rm/amp/twg/mtgs/16oct18/Attach_03.pdf Wiki ppt]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
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|-&lt;br /&gt;
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*[[GCDAMP History Time-Line -Years]]&lt;br /&gt;
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&amp;lt;Span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/Span&amp;gt;&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Cellsworth</name></author>	</entry>

	<entry>
		<id>http://gcdamp.com/index.php?title=Glen_Canyon_Dam_Adaptive_Management_ADMINISTRATIVE_HISTORY&amp;diff=11261</id>
		<title>Glen Canyon Dam Adaptive Management ADMINISTRATIVE HISTORY</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://gcdamp.com/index.php?title=Glen_Canyon_Dam_Adaptive_Management_ADMINISTRATIVE_HISTORY&amp;diff=11261"/>
				<updated>2026-09-18T18:04:36Z</updated>
		
		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Cellsworth: &lt;/p&gt;
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==[[GCDAMP Strategic Plan| '''History of the Glen Canyon Dam Adaptive Management Program''']]==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The Secretary of the Interior Bruce Babbitt, created the Glen Canyon Dam Adaptive Management Program (GCDAMP) in response to the 1995 Environmental Impact Statement on the Operations of Glen Canyon Dam. The GCDAMP is responsible for implementation of the Grand Canyon Protection Act of 1992, to monitor the operation of Glen Canyon Dam, to ensure the dam is operated in compliance with a range of laws and regulations and mitigate any significant environmental impacts. [https://gcdamphistory.org/about/what-is-gcdamp/]&lt;br /&gt;
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{|width=&amp;quot;100%&amp;quot; cellpadding=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; cellspacing=&amp;quot;5&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;vertical-align:top; background:#f5faff;&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
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==Glen Canyon Environmental Studies - Phase I (1982-1988)==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Phase I of the Glen Canyon Environmental Studies (GCES), conducted from 1982 to 1988, was a major scientific research program launched by the U.S. Bureau of Reclamation to evaluate how dam operations affected the downstream ecosystem of the Colorado River.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''Key Details of Phase I'''&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
*Purpose: Assess the short- and long-term impacts of Glen Canyon Dam operations on downstream resources, including vegetation, wildlife, fisheries, recreation, and sand beaches.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
*Main Findings: Scientists discovered that rapid daily water fluctuations and high-volume releases from the dam were causing significant damage to downstream environments, native habitats, and cultural resources.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
*Conclusion and Next Steps: Phase I concluded in 1988 with a final report. The alarming evidence gathered directly triggered Phase II in 1989 and forced the Secretary of the Interior to order a comprehensive Environmental Impact Statement (EIS) to reform dam management.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Glen Canyon Environmental Studies - Phase II (1988-1988)==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The Glen Canyon Environmental Studies (GCES) Phase II was a major scientific research program conducted in the 1990s to evaluate how the operations of Glen Canyon Dam affected the downstream ecosystem of the Colorado River through Glen and Grand Canyons.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''Key Aspects of GCES Phase II'''&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
*Purpose: Launched by the Bureau of Reclamation following Phase I, Phase II gathered comprehensive data to understand the physical, chemical, and biological impacts of dam releases (such as fluctuating flows for power generation) on beaches, native fish, and cultural resources.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
*Scientific Integration: It integrated diverse scientific disciplines—including hydrology, sediment transport, aquatic ecology, and terrestrial biology—to create experimental high flows and steady flow tests.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
*Legacy and Outcome: The extensive data and environmental assessments produced during Phase II directly provided the scientific foundation for the 1996 Glen Canyon Dam Environmental Impact Statement (EIS) and the subsequent establishment of the Glen Canyon Dam Adaptive Management Program (GCDAMP).&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==National Research Council workshop on Colorado River (1989)==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
In 1989, the National Research Council (NRC) sponsored a pivotal symposium/workshop that reviewed existing scientific knowledge on the Colorado River ecosystem.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''Context and Core Focus'''&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
This workshop was a critical milestone in the history of the Glen Canyon Dam Adaptive Management Program (GCDAMP). Prior to this, Phase I of the Glen Canyon Environmental Studies (GCES) (spanning 1982–1988) had revealed that the daily fluctuating water releases from the Glen Canyon Dam were causing significant degradation downstream. This included the erosion of sandbars used for campsites and the destruction of critical habitats for native and endangered fish in the Grand Canyon.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The 1989 NRC workshop brought together scientists, resource managers, and policymakers to synthesize what was known about these human-induced ecological impacts.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''Historical Significance &amp;amp; Outcomes'''&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
*Catalyst for Policy Change: The symposium coincided with a major turning point. In July 1989, Secretary of the Interior Manuel Lujan used these compounding scientific concerns to formally order a comprehensive Environmental Impact Statement (EIS) on Glen Canyon Dam operations. This marked the first time a retroactive EIS was mandated for an active, major federal dam.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
*Transition to Phase II: The workshop helped structure the scientific hypotheses for Phase II of the GCES (1989–1996), shifting the focus toward integrated ecosystem modeling and formal adaptive management.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
*Subsequent Publication: The findings and reviews initiated around this period culminated in the landmark NRC report, [https://www.nationalacademies.org/publications/1832 Colorado River Ecology and Dam Management], published in 1990.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Formative discussions on the concept for HFEs (1990-1995)==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Studies of discharge patterns and river flows (1990-1991)==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Beginning of Interim Operating Criteria (1991)==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Grand Canyon Protection Act (1992)==&lt;br /&gt;
The Grand Canyon Protection Act (Appendix A) was enacted on October 30, 1992. Section&lt;br /&gt;
1802 states:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
(a) IN GENERAL.−The Secretary shall operate Glen Canyon Dam in accordance with the additional criteria and operating plans specified in Section 1804 and exercise other authorities under existing law in such a manner as to protect, mitigate adverse impacts to, and improve the values for which Grand Canyon National Park and Glen Canyon National Recreation Area were established, including, but not limited to natural and cultural resources and visitor use.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
(b) COMPLIANCE WITH EXISTING LAW.−The Secretary shall implement this section in a manner fully consistent with and subject to the Colorado River Compact, the Upper Colorado River Basin Compact, the Water Treaty of 1944 with Mexico, the decree of the Supreme Court in Arizona vs. California, and the provisions of the Colorado River Storage Project Act of 1956 and the Colorado River Basin Project Act of 1968 that govern allocation, appropriation, development, and exportation of the waters of the Colorado River Basin.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
(c) RULE OF CONSTRUCTION.−Nothing in this title alters the purposes for which the Grand Canyon National Park or the Glen Canyon National Recreation Area were established or affects the authority and responsibility of the Secretary with respect to the management and administration of the Grand Canyon National Park and Glen Canyon National Recreation Area, including natural and cultural resources and visitor use, under laws applicable to those areas, including, but not limited to, the Act of August 25, 1916 (39 Stat. 535) as amended and supplemented.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The Secretary of the Interior was also directed to establish and implement long-term monitoring programs and activities to ensure that Glen Canyon Dam is operated in a manner consistent with the Grand Canyon Protection Act. These programs include necessary research and studies to determine the effect of management of the dam on the natural, recreational, and cultural downstream resources. These actions will also be undertaken in consultation with other federal agencies, the Governors of the Basin States, Indian Tribes, and the general public, including representatives of academic and scientific communities, environmental organizations, the recreation industry, and contractors for the purchase of federal power produced at Glen Canyon Dam. To accomplish these requirements, the Glen Canyon Dam Adaptive Management Program was established. [http://www.riversimulator.org/Resources/GCDAMP/GCDAMPchronicle/StrategicPlanGCDamp2001.pdf]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Glen Canyon Dam Environmental Impact Statement (1995)==&lt;br /&gt;
The Glen Canyon Dam Environmental Impact Statement (Reclamation 1995) was completed in&lt;br /&gt;
March 1995. Its purpose was to “determine specific options that could be implemented to&lt;br /&gt;
minimize—consistent with law—adverse impacts on the downstream environmental and cultural&lt;br /&gt;
resources and Native American interests in Glen and Grand Canyons.” The Glen Canyon Dam &lt;br /&gt;
Environmental Impact Statement analyzed nine alternatives to allow the Secretary of the Interior&lt;br /&gt;
to balance competing interests and to meet statutory responsibilities for protecting downstream&lt;br /&gt;
resources and producing hydropower, and to protect affected Native American interests. The&lt;br /&gt;
preferred alternative was the Modified Low Fluctuating Flow Alternative.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Establishment of the Grand Canyon Monitoring and Research Center (1995)==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Transition Work Group (1995-1996)==&lt;br /&gt;
The informal group was assembled to act as a bridge between GCES and GCDAMP personnel and methods. It was comprised mostly of soon-to-be GCDAMP stakeholders.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Record of Decision on the Operation of Glen Canyon Dam (1996)==&lt;br /&gt;
On October 9, 1996, the Secretary of the Interior signed the Record of Decision that presented&lt;br /&gt;
the rationale for choosing the Modified Low Fluctuating Flow Alternative. As noted in the Record of Decision:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The goal of selecting a preferred alternative was not to maximize benefits for the most&lt;br /&gt;
resources, but rather to find an alternative dam operating plan that would permit recovery&lt;br /&gt;
and long-term sustainability of downstream resources while limiting hydropower&lt;br /&gt;
capability and flexibility only to the extent necessary to achieve recovery and long-term&lt;br /&gt;
sustainability. [Reclamation 1996:10]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The Record of Decision (Appendix G) included seven environmental and monitoring&lt;br /&gt;
commitments:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* Adaptive Management&lt;br /&gt;
* Monitoring and Protection of Cultural Resources&lt;br /&gt;
* Flood Frequency Reduction Measures&lt;br /&gt;
* Beach/Habitat-Building Flows&lt;br /&gt;
* New Population of Humpback Chub&lt;br /&gt;
* Further Study of Selective Withdrawal&lt;br /&gt;
* Emergency Exception Criteria&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The commitments are explained in detail in the Record of Decision (Reclamation 1996;&lt;br /&gt;
Appendix G) and in the Glen Canyon Dam Environmental Impact Statement (Reclamation&lt;br /&gt;
1995:33-34); however, it should be noted that subsequent work of the Technical Work Group&lt;br /&gt;
and Adaptive Management Work Group have altered some commitments (Technical Work&lt;br /&gt;
Group 1998) with Endangered Species Act and National Environmental Policy Act compliance.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Strategic Planning Subcommittee (1997-2000)==&lt;br /&gt;
Formed at the behest of SOI Bruce Babbitt for the transition from GCES to GCDAMP/AMWG. There were seven members, representing recreation, environmental, tribal, hydropower and Department of the Interior interests. According to Andre Potochnik, it was this group that took the Colorado River trip described in detail by Mary Orton (see 1999, below).&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==AMWG and TWG fully established (1997)==&lt;br /&gt;
In 1997 Secretary of Interior Bruce Babbitt established the Glen Canyon Dam Adaptive Management Work Group (AMWG) as a formal Federal Advisory Committee, under the authority and guidelines of the Federal Advisory Committee Act of 1972. The purpose of AMWG was to monitor implementation of the ROD, provide recommendations to the Secretary regarding its effectiveness, and recommend science-based adjustments to the operation of Glen Canyon Dam to better achieve restoration and maintenance of downstream resources. AMWG held its first meeting on September 10-11, 1997, and officially formed the Glen Canyon Technical Work Group (TWG) as a subgroup to work on tasks charged to them by the AMWG.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==AMWG Colorado River trip (1999)==&lt;br /&gt;
As described in Mary Orton’s oral history interview, this trip through Grand Canyon helped soothe contention among AMWG stakeholders, who had not been working together for very long, and resulted in a Vision Statement for the group. Most oral history interviewees involved in GCDAMP at the time have shared a recollection of the trip or its impact on the program.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Publication of first GCDAMP Strategic Plan (2001)==&lt;br /&gt;
“This strategic plan is a guidance document for the Glen Canyon Dam Adaptive Management Program and was developed by program members. Elements of this plan include the Glen Canyon Dam Adaptive Management Work Group’s vision and mission statements, as well as principles, goals, and management objectives.” (From the Foreword to the Stategic Plan)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Experimental design initiated (2002)==&lt;br /&gt;
Adaptive Management Work Group recommends implementation of the first 2 years of an experimental design proposed by the GCMRC.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Experimental fish programs launched (2003)==&lt;br /&gt;
Experiment begun to remove nonnative fish from the Colorado River in Grand Canyon. Fluctuating nonnative fish suppression releases from January through March implemented and continued through 2005.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==First High Flow Experiment under a new HFE Protocol (2012)==&lt;br /&gt;
“Secretary of the Interior Ken Salazar triggered the first release under the experimental long-term protocol in November 2012. The protocol calls for conducting more frequent high-flow experimental releases and timing them to occur following sediment inputs to the Colorado River downstream from Glen Canyon Dam.” &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==LTEMP EIS (2016)==&lt;br /&gt;
LTEMP “provides the basis for decisions that identify management actions and experimental options that will provide a framework for adaptively managing Glen Canyon Dam operations over the next 20 years.”&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
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*[http://gcdamphistory.org GCDAMP Administrative History website]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://gcdamphistory.org/about/new-member-orientation/ New Member Orientation]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://gcdamphistory.org/archive/key-readings/ Key Readings]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://gcdamphistory.org/archive/oral-histories/ Oral Histories]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://gcdamphistory.org/history/historical-timeline/ Historical Timeline]&lt;br /&gt;
*[[GCDAMP AHAHG Page| Administrative History Ad-Hoc Group (AHAHG) page]]&lt;br /&gt;
*[[GCES Documents| GCES Documents]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
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==GCDAMP Wiki==&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://gcdamp.com/index.php?title=GCDAMP_WIKI_Overview_Questions Link to information on the GCDAMP Wiki]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==GCDAMP Administrative History Project==&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://gcdamp.com/index.php?title=BIO_Pages Bio Pages for GCDAMP Stakeholders and their Representatives]&lt;br /&gt;
*[[GCDAMP Representatives- History|  GCDAMP Representatives- History]]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.dropbox.com/sh/o1luou2q20bkwz3/AAD_ugRuHF7BtpOdZtkLTpjXa?dl=0 Interviews dropbox: Mary Orton, Larry Stevens, Cliff Barrett and Dave Wegner]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Interviews===&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://gcdamp.com/index.php?title=Cliff_Barrett-_BIO_PAGE Cliff Barrett]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
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|-&lt;br /&gt;
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'''2020'''&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/twg/2020-04-15-twg-meeting/20200415-AdministrativeHistoryProjectProgressUpdate-Presentation-508-UCRO.pdf Administrative History Project – Progress Update ]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''2019'''&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/amwg/2019-03-06-amwg-meeting/20190306-AdministrativeHistoryUpdate-Presentation-508-UCRO.pdf Administrative History Project Update Presentation]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''2018'''&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/rm/amp/amwg/mtgs/18feb14/Attach_13.pdf GCDAMP Administrative History Project PPT]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''2017'''&lt;br /&gt;
*[[Media:GCDAMP Administrative History Project Year 1 Report.pdf| First Year Report and Strategic Plan for GCDAMP administrative history]]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/rm/amp/amwg/mtgs/17feb15/AIF%20Admin%20History.pdf GCDAMP Administrative History Project Update ]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/rm/amp/amwg/mtgs/17feb15/Wiki%20Report.pdf GCDAMP Wiki Update ]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''2016'''&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://www.usbr.gov/uc/rm/amp/twg/mtgs/16oct18/Attach_03.pdf Wiki ppt]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! &amp;lt;h2 style=&amp;quot;margin:0; background:#cedff2; font-size:120%; font-weight:bold; border:1px solid #a3b0bf; text-align:left; color:#000; padding:0.2em 0.4em;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;Other Stuff&amp;lt;/h2&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
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&lt;br /&gt;
*[[GCDAMP History Time-Line -Years]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
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&amp;lt;Span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/Span&amp;gt;&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Cellsworth</name></author>	</entry>

	<entry>
		<id>http://gcdamp.com/index.php?title=Glen_Canyon_Dam_Adaptive_Management_ADMINISTRATIVE_HISTORY&amp;diff=11260</id>
		<title>Glen Canyon Dam Adaptive Management ADMINISTRATIVE HISTORY</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://gcdamp.com/index.php?title=Glen_Canyon_Dam_Adaptive_Management_ADMINISTRATIVE_HISTORY&amp;diff=11260"/>
				<updated>2026-09-18T17:15:33Z</updated>
		
		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Cellsworth: &lt;/p&gt;
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==[[GCDAMP Strategic Plan| '''History of the Glen Canyon Dam Adaptive Management Program''']]==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The Secretary of the Interior Bruce Babbitt, created the Glen Canyon Dam Adaptive Management Program (GCDAMP) in response to the 1995 Environmental Impact Statement on the Operations of Glen Canyon Dam. The GCDAMP is responsible for implementation of the Grand Canyon Protection Act of 1992, to monitor the operation of Glen Canyon Dam, to ensure the dam is operated in compliance with a range of laws and regulations and mitigate any significant environmental impacts. [https://gcdamphistory.org/about/what-is-gcdamp/]&lt;br /&gt;
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{|width=&amp;quot;100%&amp;quot; cellpadding=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; cellspacing=&amp;quot;5&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;vertical-align:top; background:#f5faff;&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
! &amp;lt;h2 style=&amp;quot;margin:0; background:#cedff2; font-size:120%; font-weight:bold; border:1px solid #a3bfb1; text-align:left; color:#000; padding:0.2em 0.4em;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;History of the Glen Canyon Dam Adaptive Management Program&amp;lt;/h2&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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==Glen Canyon Environmental Studies - Phase I (1982-1988)==&lt;br /&gt;
While the National Park Service, Native Americans, river runners, and scientists had noticed that some beaches were disappearing and that plant and animal life along the Colorado River were&lt;br /&gt;
changing since Glen Canyon Dam was completed in 1963, the Glen Canyon Environmental Studies program of the Bureau of Reclamation was the first systematic effort to investigate the effects of dam operations on downstream resources. The program began in 1982 and lasted through 1996. The Glen Canyon Environmental Studies did identify a mix of positive and negative consequences of dam operations on the downstream environment. In response to&lt;br /&gt;
substantial public concern over the findings of the Glen Canyon Environmental Studies, in 1989 the Secretary of the Interior announced that an environmental impact statement would be completed to evaluate the operation of Glen Canyon Dam. With this announcement, the Glen Canyon Environmental Studies focused on providing specific data for use in the Glen Canyon Dam Environmental Impact Statement (Reclamation 1995). [http://www.riversimulator.org/Resources/GCDAMP/GCDAMPchronicle/StrategicPlanGCDamp2001.pdf]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Glen Canyon Environmental Studies - Phase II (1988-1988)==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==National Research Council workshop on Colorado River (1989)==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Formative discussions on the concept for HFEs (1990-1995)==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Studies of discharge patterns and river flows (1990-1991)==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Beginning of Interim Operating Criteria (1991)==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Grand Canyon Protection Act (1992)==&lt;br /&gt;
The Grand Canyon Protection Act (Appendix A) was enacted on October 30, 1992. Section&lt;br /&gt;
1802 states:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
(a) IN GENERAL.−The Secretary shall operate Glen Canyon Dam in accordance with the additional criteria and operating plans specified in Section 1804 and exercise other authorities under existing law in such a manner as to protect, mitigate adverse impacts to, and improve the values for which Grand Canyon National Park and Glen Canyon National Recreation Area were established, including, but not limited to natural and cultural resources and visitor use.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
(b) COMPLIANCE WITH EXISTING LAW.−The Secretary shall implement this section in a manner fully consistent with and subject to the Colorado River Compact, the Upper Colorado River Basin Compact, the Water Treaty of 1944 with Mexico, the decree of the Supreme Court in Arizona vs. California, and the provisions of the Colorado River Storage Project Act of 1956 and the Colorado River Basin Project Act of 1968 that govern allocation, appropriation, development, and exportation of the waters of the Colorado River Basin.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
(c) RULE OF CONSTRUCTION.−Nothing in this title alters the purposes for which the Grand Canyon National Park or the Glen Canyon National Recreation Area were established or affects the authority and responsibility of the Secretary with respect to the management and administration of the Grand Canyon National Park and Glen Canyon National Recreation Area, including natural and cultural resources and visitor use, under laws applicable to those areas, including, but not limited to, the Act of August 25, 1916 (39 Stat. 535) as amended and supplemented.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The Secretary of the Interior was also directed to establish and implement long-term monitoring programs and activities to ensure that Glen Canyon Dam is operated in a manner consistent with the Grand Canyon Protection Act. These programs include necessary research and studies to determine the effect of management of the dam on the natural, recreational, and cultural downstream resources. These actions will also be undertaken in consultation with other federal agencies, the Governors of the Basin States, Indian Tribes, and the general public, including representatives of academic and scientific communities, environmental organizations, the recreation industry, and contractors for the purchase of federal power produced at Glen Canyon Dam. To accomplish these requirements, the Glen Canyon Dam Adaptive Management Program was established. [http://www.riversimulator.org/Resources/GCDAMP/GCDAMPchronicle/StrategicPlanGCDamp2001.pdf]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Glen Canyon Dam Environmental Impact Statement (1995)==&lt;br /&gt;
The Glen Canyon Dam Environmental Impact Statement (Reclamation 1995) was completed in&lt;br /&gt;
March 1995. Its purpose was to “determine specific options that could be implemented to&lt;br /&gt;
minimize—consistent with law—adverse impacts on the downstream environmental and cultural&lt;br /&gt;
resources and Native American interests in Glen and Grand Canyons.” The Glen Canyon Dam &lt;br /&gt;
Environmental Impact Statement analyzed nine alternatives to allow the Secretary of the Interior&lt;br /&gt;
to balance competing interests and to meet statutory responsibilities for protecting downstream&lt;br /&gt;
resources and producing hydropower, and to protect affected Native American interests. The&lt;br /&gt;
preferred alternative was the Modified Low Fluctuating Flow Alternative.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Establishment of the Grand Canyon Monitoring and Research Center (1995)==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Transition Work Group (1995-1996)==&lt;br /&gt;
The informal group was assembled to act as a bridge between GCES and GCDAMP personnel and methods. It was comprised mostly of soon-to-be GCDAMP stakeholders.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Record of Decision on the Operation of Glen Canyon Dam (1996)==&lt;br /&gt;
On October 9, 1996, the Secretary of the Interior signed the Record of Decision that presented&lt;br /&gt;
the rationale for choosing the Modified Low Fluctuating Flow Alternative. As noted in the Record of Decision:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The goal of selecting a preferred alternative was not to maximize benefits for the most&lt;br /&gt;
resources, but rather to find an alternative dam operating plan that would permit recovery&lt;br /&gt;
and long-term sustainability of downstream resources while limiting hydropower&lt;br /&gt;
capability and flexibility only to the extent necessary to achieve recovery and long-term&lt;br /&gt;
sustainability. [Reclamation 1996:10]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The Record of Decision (Appendix G) included seven environmental and monitoring&lt;br /&gt;
commitments:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* Adaptive Management&lt;br /&gt;
* Monitoring and Protection of Cultural Resources&lt;br /&gt;
* Flood Frequency Reduction Measures&lt;br /&gt;
* Beach/Habitat-Building Flows&lt;br /&gt;
* New Population of Humpback Chub&lt;br /&gt;
* Further Study of Selective Withdrawal&lt;br /&gt;
* Emergency Exception Criteria&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The commitments are explained in detail in the Record of Decision (Reclamation 1996;&lt;br /&gt;
Appendix G) and in the Glen Canyon Dam Environmental Impact Statement (Reclamation&lt;br /&gt;
1995:33-34); however, it should be noted that subsequent work of the Technical Work Group&lt;br /&gt;
and Adaptive Management Work Group have altered some commitments (Technical Work&lt;br /&gt;
Group 1998) with Endangered Species Act and National Environmental Policy Act compliance.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Strategic Planning Subcommittee (1997-2000)==&lt;br /&gt;
Formed at the behest of SOI Bruce Babbitt for the transition from GCES to GCDAMP/AMWG. There were seven members, representing recreation, environmental, tribal, hydropower and Department of the Interior interests. According to Andre Potochnik, it was this group that took the Colorado River trip described in detail by Mary Orton (see 1999, below).&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==AMWG and TWG fully established (1997)==&lt;br /&gt;
In 1997 Secretary of Interior Bruce Babbitt established the Glen Canyon Dam Adaptive Management Work Group (AMWG) as a formal Federal Advisory Committee, under the authority and guidelines of the Federal Advisory Committee Act of 1972. The purpose of AMWG was to monitor implementation of the ROD, provide recommendations to the Secretary regarding its effectiveness, and recommend science-based adjustments to the operation of Glen Canyon Dam to better achieve restoration and maintenance of downstream resources. AMWG held its first meeting on September 10-11, 1997, and officially formed the Glen Canyon Technical Work Group (TWG) as a subgroup to work on tasks charged to them by the AMWG.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==AMWG Colorado River trip (1999)==&lt;br /&gt;
As described in Mary Orton’s oral history interview, this trip through Grand Canyon helped soothe contention among AMWG stakeholders, who had not been working together for very long, and resulted in a Vision Statement for the group. Most oral history interviewees involved in GCDAMP at the time have shared a recollection of the trip or its impact on the program.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Publication of first GCDAMP Strategic Plan (2001)==&lt;br /&gt;
“This strategic plan is a guidance document for the Glen Canyon Dam Adaptive Management Program and was developed by program members. Elements of this plan include the Glen Canyon Dam Adaptive Management Work Group’s vision and mission statements, as well as principles, goals, and management objectives.” (From the Foreword to the Stategic Plan)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Experimental design initiated (2002)==&lt;br /&gt;
Adaptive Management Work Group recommends implementation of the first 2 years of an experimental design proposed by the GCMRC.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Experimental fish programs launched (2003)==&lt;br /&gt;
Experiment begun to remove nonnative fish from the Colorado River in Grand Canyon. Fluctuating nonnative fish suppression releases from January through March implemented and continued through 2005.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==First High Flow Experiment under a new HFE Protocol (2012)==&lt;br /&gt;
“Secretary of the Interior Ken Salazar triggered the first release under the experimental long-term protocol in November 2012. The protocol calls for conducting more frequent high-flow experimental releases and timing them to occur following sediment inputs to the Colorado River downstream from Glen Canyon Dam.” &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==LTEMP EIS (2016)==&lt;br /&gt;
LTEMP “provides the basis for decisions that identify management actions and experimental options that will provide a framework for adaptively managing Glen Canyon Dam operations over the next 20 years.”&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
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*[http://gcdamphistory.org GCDAMP Administrative History website]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://gcdamphistory.org/about/new-member-orientation/ New Member Orientation]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://gcdamphistory.org/archive/key-readings/ Key Readings]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://gcdamphistory.org/archive/oral-histories/ Oral Histories]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://gcdamphistory.org/history/historical-timeline/ Historical Timeline]&lt;br /&gt;
*[[GCDAMP AHAHG Page| Administrative History Ad-Hoc Group (AHAHG) page]]&lt;br /&gt;
*[[GCES Documents| GCES Documents]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
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==GCDAMP Wiki==&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://gcdamp.com/index.php?title=GCDAMP_WIKI_Overview_Questions Link to information on the GCDAMP Wiki]&lt;br /&gt;
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==GCDAMP Administrative History Project==&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://gcdamp.com/index.php?title=BIO_Pages Bio Pages for GCDAMP Stakeholders and their Representatives]&lt;br /&gt;
*[[GCDAMP Representatives- History|  GCDAMP Representatives- History]]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.dropbox.com/sh/o1luou2q20bkwz3/AAD_ugRuHF7BtpOdZtkLTpjXa?dl=0 Interviews dropbox: Mary Orton, Larry Stevens, Cliff Barrett and Dave Wegner]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Interviews===&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://gcdamp.com/index.php?title=Cliff_Barrett-_BIO_PAGE Cliff Barrett]&lt;br /&gt;
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*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/twg/2020-04-15-twg-meeting/20200415-AdministrativeHistoryProjectProgressUpdate-Presentation-508-UCRO.pdf Administrative History Project – Progress Update ]&lt;br /&gt;
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'''2019'''&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/amwg/2019-03-06-amwg-meeting/20190306-AdministrativeHistoryUpdate-Presentation-508-UCRO.pdf Administrative History Project Update Presentation]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''2018'''&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/rm/amp/amwg/mtgs/18feb14/Attach_13.pdf GCDAMP Administrative History Project PPT]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''2017'''&lt;br /&gt;
*[[Media:GCDAMP Administrative History Project Year 1 Report.pdf| First Year Report and Strategic Plan for GCDAMP administrative history]]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/rm/amp/amwg/mtgs/17feb15/AIF%20Admin%20History.pdf GCDAMP Administrative History Project Update ]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/rm/amp/amwg/mtgs/17feb15/Wiki%20Report.pdf GCDAMP Wiki Update ]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''2016'''&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://www.usbr.gov/uc/rm/amp/twg/mtgs/16oct18/Attach_03.pdf Wiki ppt]&lt;br /&gt;
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*[[GCDAMP History Time-Line -Years]]&lt;br /&gt;
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&amp;lt;Span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/Span&amp;gt;&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Cellsworth</name></author>	</entry>

	<entry>
		<id>http://gcdamp.com/index.php?title=GCDAMP_Sediment&amp;diff=11259</id>
		<title>GCDAMP Sediment</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://gcdamp.com/index.php?title=GCDAMP_Sediment&amp;diff=11259"/>
				<updated>2026-09-17T20:30:40Z</updated>
		
		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Cellsworth: &lt;/p&gt;
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[[File:Paria at mainstem.jpg|center|thumbnail|400px|The Paria River flowing into the mainstem Colorado River‎]]&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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==[http://www.gcmrc.gov/research_areas/sediment_geomorphology/sed/Sed_Geomorph_Home_Page.aspx '''Sediment and Geomorphology''']==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Erosion of sandbars (beaches) along the Colorado River in Grand Canyon was first reported in the early 1970s, approximately 10 years after completion of Glen Canyon Dam. Since then, scientific studies have been conducted to monitor changes in sandbars and changes in the amount of sand stored on the bed of the river. One of the outcomes of these studies has been the implementation of flow experiments intended to rebuild eroded sandbars, especially by the release of controlled floods, also called [http://gcdamp.com/index.php?title=The_HFE_Page '''High Flow Experiments, or HFEs,'''] from Glen Canyon Dam. The sediment and geomorphology projects at Grand Canyon Monitoring and Research Center include the collection and processing of data to provide information needed to conduct controlled floods and to evaluate the outcome of each controlled flood and the long-term effects of controlled floods and normal dam operations on sediment-related resources. [https://www.gcmrc.gov/research_areas/sediment_geomorphology/sed/Sed_Geomorph_Home_Page.aspx]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Beginning in 1998, [http://gcdamp.com/index.php?title=RECREATION '''recreational campsite area'''] has also been measured on a subset of the sandbar monitoring sites. Campsite areas are defined as areas that are flat (less than 8 degree slope), smooth (not rocky), and clear of dense vegetation. Monitoring data show that vegetation expansion and sandbar erosion/deposition contribute to reductions in campsite area.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==[http://gcdamp.com/index.php?title=Long-term_Experimental_and_Management_Plan_(LTEMP) '''LTEMP Resource Goal''']== &lt;br /&gt;
Increase and retain fine sediment volume, area, and distribution in&lt;br /&gt;
the Glen, Marble, and Grand Canyon reaches above the elevation of the&lt;br /&gt;
average base flow for ecological, cultural, and recreational purposes. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==[http://gcdamp.com/index.php?title=Portal:Desired_Future_Conditions_-DFCs '''Desired Future Condition''']==&lt;br /&gt;
High elevation open riparian sediment deposits along the Colorado River in sufficient volume, area, and distribution so as to provide habitat to sustain native biota and desired ecosystem processes&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
• Nearshore habitats for native fish&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
• Marsh and riparian habitat for fish (food chain maintenance)&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
• Cultural resource preservation&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
• Maintenance of camping beaches&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==[[Media:USGS GCMRC Status of LTEMP Metrics Report Dec11 2025-508Comp.pdf| '''Metrics''']]==&lt;br /&gt;
Performance Metric: &lt;br /&gt;
*Sand Bar Volume (includes multiple “sub-metrics”, e.g., normalized sandbar volume by type, mean sand bar response to HFEs) &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Surveillance Metrics: &lt;br /&gt;
*Sand Supply By River Segment (Sand Mass Balance) &lt;br /&gt;
*Silt &amp;amp; Clay Retention by River Segment (Turbidity)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
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[[File:SedimentSustainability.PNG|center|thumbnail|500px|https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/twg/2022-01-13-twg-meeting/20220113-AnnualReportingMeeting-ProjectA-StreamflowWaterQualitySedimentTransportBudgetingColoradoRiverEcosystem-508-UCRO.pdf ]] &lt;br /&gt;
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[[File:LongtermDecline.PNG|center|thumbnail|500px|https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/twg/2022-01-13-twg-meeting/20220113-AnnualReportingMeeting-ProjectA-StreamflowWaterQualitySedimentTransportBudgetingColoradoRiverEcosystem-508-UCRO.pdf ]] &lt;br /&gt;
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[[File:SandbarMonitoring2016.jpg|center|thumbnail|500px|[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/rm/amp/twg/mtgs/17jan26/AR3_Grams.pdf https://www.usbr.gov/uc/rm/amp/twg/mtgs/17jan26/AR3_Grams.pdf] ]] &lt;br /&gt;
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[[File:2012 2014 HFE response.jpg|center|thumbnail|500px|[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/rm/amp/twg/mtgs/15jun11/Attach_02,.pdf https://www.usbr.gov/uc/rm/amp/twg/mtgs/15jun11/Attach_02,.pdf] ]] &lt;br /&gt;
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[[File:2016 SedimentSummary.jpg|center|thumbnail|500px|[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/rm/amp/twg/mtgs/16jan26/documents/AR02_Grams.pdf https://www.usbr.gov/uc/rm/amp/twg/mtgs/16jan26/documents/AR02_Grams.pdf] ]] &lt;br /&gt;
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When the discharge of the Colorado River was lower than about 9,000 ft3/s, sand accumulated in the reach in Marble and upper Grand Canyons. At discharges higher than about 9,000 ft3/s, however, sand-transport rates at the Grand Canyon gaging station generally equaled those at the Lees Ferry gaging station, and at discharges higher than about 16,000 ft3/s, sand-transport rates at the Grand Canyon gaging station generally either equaled or exceeded those at the Lees Ferry gaging station. Thus, at discharges greater than about 9,000 ft3/s, sand was either conveyed through or eroded from the reach in Marble and upper Grand Canyons.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
As discharges less than 9,000 ft3/s became less common, the discharge of the river became progressively more conducive to the conveyance of sand through or the erosion of sand from Marble and upper Grand Canyons. [https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/pp1677/pdf/pp1677.pdf]&lt;br /&gt;
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Bedrock-canyon rivers tend to be supply limited because they are efficient transporters of sediment and not because the upstream supply of sediment is small. Following episodic tributary floods that supply finer sand, sand migrates quickly downstream in the form of a wave in which large systematic changes in bed-sand grain size occur. The tributary fine-sediment (i.e., sand, silt, and clay) supply to the Colorado River in our study area is bimodal, with a clay primary mode and a sand-silt secondary mode. The tributary sand supply grades smoothly into the silt-and-clay supply such that the sand-size sediment comprises the coarser part of this secondary mode, which occurs in very fine sand (0.0625–0.125 mm) for the Paria River and in medium silt (0.0156–0.0312 mm) for the LCR. Both tributaries supply more silt and clay to the Colorado River than they do sand. During sediment years 1998–2017, silt and clay comprised 60.6% and 88.1% of the fine sediment supplied by the Paria River and LCR, respectively. Of the total amount of sand supplied since 2011, the Paria River has contributed 57%, the LCR has contributed 21%, and all other tributaries combined have contributed 22%. The largest quantities of sand are supplied by the Paria River and LCR during summer thunderstorm-generated floods that last hours to a day. Large sand loads are rare during winter and spring months on both rivers.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Our late-1990s observations suggested that tributary floods generated sand waves that split into two packets, A and B: packet A was finer than packet B and migrated downstream in the Colorado River with a celerity slightly slower than the water velocity. Packet B migrated much more slowly than packet A; the amalgamated front of packet B had migrated only ∼10 km in the 3 and 10 days after two Paria River floods. The primary peak in QSAND—1/βQ cross covariance decays to background within 7–20 days of a tributary flood at all but the RK49 station, thus indicating that much of packet A exits our study area quickly. The lower celerity of packet B causes the secondary cross-covariance peak to become distinct from the primary peak with increasing distance downstream. '''Following a Paria River flood, the secondary peak (packet B) separates from the primary peak (packet A) between the RK49 and RK99 stations, and it takes ∼198 and ∼290 days for the tail of packet B to respectively reach these stations. Following an LCR flood, packet B separates from packet A upstream from the RK141 station, and it takes ∼261 days for the tail of packet B to reach this station.''' [https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1029/2020JF005565]&lt;br /&gt;
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[http://www.riversimulator.org/Resources/USBR/LTEP/Randle2007.pdf Randle, T.J., Lyons, J.K., Christensen, R.J., and Stephen, R.D., 2007, Colorado River ecosystem sediment augmentation appraisal engineering report: Bureau of Reclamation, Technical Service Center, Sedimentation and River Hydraulics Group, Denver, Colorado, 71 p.]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Grand Canyon sediment augmentation would have two primary purposes:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
#Seasonally increase the turbidity of the Colorado River to provide cover for native and endangered fish during the months of May through December. This is the period when young-of-the year humpback chub emerge from the Little Colorado River and then rear in the Colorado River (U.S. Department of the Interior, Bureau of Reclamation, 1995). These native fish evolved in a turbid environment and may use it for cover from potential predators.&lt;br /&gt;
#Annually increase the sand supply to the Colorado River during beach-building flows to build larger sandbars, especially in Marble Canyon, through fluvial processes. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Sediment slurry pipelines that would deliver sediment from the Navajo Canyon arm of&lt;br /&gt;
Lake Powell to the Colorado River below Glen Canyon Dam or near Lees Ferry are&lt;br /&gt;
believed to be technically feasible. Five sediment augmentation alternatives have been&lt;br /&gt;
formulated and evaluated. Alternatives are available to deliver fine sediment and sand to&lt;br /&gt;
the Colorado River, either below Glen Canyon Dam or near Lees Ferry.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Attempts have been made to formulate each alternative to minimize environmental&lt;br /&gt;
impacts and to avoid cultural resource impacts. No major environmental impacts for any&lt;br /&gt;
of the five alternatives have been identified at this time.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Sediment source areas in Lake Powell seem to be the most logical choice because of cost&lt;br /&gt;
and because the sediments in Lake Powell would have naturally reached the Colorado&lt;br /&gt;
River below the site of Glen Canyon Dam. Sediment source areas in Navajo Canyon are&lt;br /&gt;
much closer to Glen Canyon Dam than other major source areas in Lake Powell.&lt;br /&gt;
Laboratory analysis of one sediment sample from Navajo Canyon did not detect any&lt;br /&gt;
contaminants above background levels. A more intensive sediment sampling program&lt;br /&gt;
would be needed to verify if this finding is applicable to more of the sediments within&lt;br /&gt;
Navajo Canyon.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Although the present and future sedimentation volumes in Navajo Canyon may not be&lt;br /&gt;
enough to sustain a Grand Canyon sediment augmentation program over the long term,&lt;br /&gt;
the volumes should be sufficient for one or two decades (see figure 8). Sediments in&lt;br /&gt;
Navajo Canyon could be dredged first and then the submerged slurry pipelines and&lt;br /&gt;
floating pumping stations could be moved to an upstream source such as the Escalante&lt;br /&gt;
River or San Juan River deltas.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Sediment slurry pipelines can deliver large quantities of sediment, and over long&lt;br /&gt;
distances, much more efficiently and at less cost than barges or trucks. Submerging&lt;br /&gt;
sediment slurry pipelines in Lake Powell appears to be a viable option with much less&lt;br /&gt;
impact than overland routes from major sediment source areas in Lake Powell where no&lt;br /&gt;
direct roads presently exist.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The augmentation of fine sediment should be considered in conjunction with alternatives&lt;br /&gt;
that would increase the summer water temperatures released from Glen Canyon Dam&lt;br /&gt;
(e.g., selective withdrawal of water from Lake Powell). Native and endangered fish in&lt;br /&gt;
Grand Canyon National Park are impacted by less turbidity and colder water&lt;br /&gt;
temperatures in summer compared to natural conditions (U.S. Department of the Interior,&lt;br /&gt;
Bureau of Reclamation, 1995). Turbidity may provide native fish with cover from&lt;br /&gt;
predation. In the absence of turbid conditions, native fish tend not to be active during the&lt;br /&gt;
day (U.S. Department of the Interior, Bureau of Reclamation, 1995). Although, colder&lt;br /&gt;
water temperatures may impact young-of-the-year native fish in summer, the colder&lt;br /&gt;
temperatures may also keep non-native warm-water fish from migrating upstream&lt;br /&gt;
through Grand Canyon National Park. If water temperatures are increased, there is a&lt;br /&gt;
concern that non-native warm-water fish may have the advantage (U.S. Department of&lt;br /&gt;
the Interior, Bureau of Reclamation, 1995). The augmentation of fine sediment may&lt;br /&gt;
provide the necessary cover for native and endangered fish.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
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*[http://www.gcmrc.gov/discharge_qw_sediment/station/GCDAMP/09382000#/ '''Paria River sediment gage'''] Click here to calculate how much sediment has come in from the Paria River.&lt;br /&gt;
*[[GCDAMP The_HFE_Page '''The HFE Page''']] See summaries from past HFEs&lt;br /&gt;
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*[http://gcdamp.com/index.php?title=Portal:GCDAMP_Knowlege_Assessments GCMRC Annual Reports page]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.gcmrc.gov/sandbar/ GCMRC Grand Canyon Sandbar Monitoring]&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://gcdamp.com/index.php?title=The_HFE_Page The High Flow Experiment (HFE) Page]&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://gcdamp.com/index.php?title=RECREATION Recreation Page]&lt;br /&gt;
*[[Aeolian Sand Transport|  Aeolian Sand Transport Page]]&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://gcdamp.com/index.php?title=Turbidity Turbidity Page]&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://gcdamp.com/index.php?title=GCDAMP-_Over-Flights Over Flights Page]&lt;br /&gt;
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&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.gcmrc.gov/sandbar/ Sandbar Monitoring]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.gcmrc.gov/research_areas/sediment_geomorphology/sed/Sed_Geomorph_Camp.aspx Campsite Monitoring]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.gcmrc.gov/discharge_qw_sediment/ Suspended Sediment Transport ]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.gcmrc.gov/research_areas/sediment_geomorphology/sed/Sed_Geomorph_Home_Page.aspx Automated Substrate Classification Using Swath Mapping Systems]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.gcmrc.gov/research_areas/sediment_geomorphology/sed/Sed_Geomorph_storage.aspx Sediment Storage]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.gcmrc.gov/research_areas/sediment_geomorphology/sed/Sed_Geomorph_Home_Page.aspx Underwater Photography to Measure Bed Grain Size ]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! &amp;lt;h2 style=&amp;quot;margin:0; background:#cedff2; font-size:120%; font-weight:bold; border:1px solid #a3b0bf; text-align:left; color:#000; padding:0.2em 0.4em;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;Sediment Gages&amp;lt;/h2&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|style=&amp;quot;color:#000;&amp;quot;|&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.gcmrc.gov/discharge_qw_sediment/station/GCDAMP/GCMRC-GCLT1 Water Holes Canyon above the mouth]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.gcmrc.gov/discharge_qw_sediment/station/GCDAMP/09381800 Paria River near Kanab, UT]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.gcmrc.gov/discharge_qw_sediment/station/GCDAMP/09382000 Paria River at Lees Ferry, AZ]&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://www.gcmrc.gov/discharge_qw_sediment/station/GCDAMP/09380000 Colorado River at Lees Ferry]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.gcmrc.gov/discharge_qw_sediment/station/GCDAMP/GCMRC-MCLT1 Badger Creek below highway 89A near Vermillion Cliffs, AZ]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.gcmrc.gov/discharge_qw_sediment/station/GCDAMP/GCMRC-MCLT2 Tanner Wash below highway 89A near Bitter Springs, AZ]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.gcmrc.gov/discharge_qw_sediment/station/GCDAMP/GCMRC-MCLT3 House Rock Wash above Emmett Wash near Cliff Dwellers, AZ]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.gcmrc.gov/discharge_qw_sediment/station/GCDAMP/GCMRC-MCLT5 North Canyon near Cliff Dwellers, AZ]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.gcmrc.gov/discharge_qw_sediment/station/GCDAMP/GCMRC-MCLT6 Shinumo Wash in Twentynine Mile Canyon near Cedar Ridge, AZ]&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://www.gcmrc.gov/discharge_qw_sediment/station/GCDAMP/09383050 Colorado River near river mile 30]&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://www.gcmrc.gov/discharge_qw_sediment/station/GCDAMP/09383100 Colorado River above Little Colorado River near Desert View, AZ]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.gcmrc.gov/discharge_qw_sediment/station/GCDAMP/09401500 Moenkopi Wash near Cameron, AZ]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.gcmrc.gov/discharge_qw_sediment/station/GCDAMP/09401000 Little Colorado River at Grand Falls, AZ]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.gcmrc.gov/discharge_qw_sediment/station/GCDAMP/09401200 Little Colorado River at Cameron, AZ]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.gcmrc.gov/discharge_qw_sediment/station/GCDAMP/09402000 Little Colorado River near Cameron, AZ]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.gcmrc.gov/discharge_qw_sediment/station/GCDAMP/09402300 Little Colorado River above the mouth near Desert View, AZ]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.gcmrc.gov/discharge_qw_sediment/station/GCDAMP/09402500 Colorado River near Grand Canyon, AZ]&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://www.gcmrc.gov/discharge_qw_sediment/station/GCDAMP/09403000 Bright Angel Creek near Grand Canyon, AZ]&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://www.gcmrc.gov/discharge_qw_sediment/station/GCDAMP/GCMRC-MCLT6 Shinumo Creek]&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://www.gcmrc.gov/discharge_qw_sediment/station/GCDAMP/09403850 Kanab Creek above the mouth near Supai, AZ]&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://www.gcmrc.gov/discharge_qw_sediment/station/GCDAMP/09404115 Havasu Creek above the mouth near Supai, AZ]&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://www.gcmrc.gov/discharge_qw_sediment/station/GCDAMP/09404120 Colorado River above National Canyon near Supai, AZ]&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://www.gcmrc.gov/discharge_qw_sediment/station/GCDAMP/09404200 Colorado River above Diamond Creek near Peach Springs, AZ]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! &amp;lt;h2 style=&amp;quot;margin:0; background:#cedff2; font-size:120%; font-weight:bold; border:1px solid #a3b0bf; text-align:left; color:#000; padding:0.2em 0.4em;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;Sand Mass Balance Reaches in Grand Canyon &amp;lt;/h2&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|style=&amp;quot;color:#000;&amp;quot;|&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://www.gcmrc.gov/discharge_qw_sediment/reach/GCDAMP/09380000/09383050 Upper Marble Canyon]&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://www.gcmrc.gov/discharge_qw_sediment/reach/GCDAMP/09383050/09383100 Lower Marble Canyon] &lt;br /&gt;
*[http://www.gcmrc.gov/discharge_qw_sediment/reach/GCDAMP/09383100/09402500 Eastern Grand Canyon] &lt;br /&gt;
*[http://www.gcmrc.gov/discharge_qw_sediment/reach/GCDAMP/09402500/09404120 East Central Grand Canyon] &lt;br /&gt;
*[http://www.gcmrc.gov/discharge_qw_sediment/reach/GCDAMP/09404120/09404200 West Central Grand Canyon] &lt;br /&gt;
*[http://www.gcmrc.gov/discharge_qw_sediment/reach/GCDAMP/09404200/Pearce%20Ferry Western Grand Canyon and the Lake Mead Delta] &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! &amp;lt;h2 style=&amp;quot;margin:0; background:#cedff2; font-size:120%; font-weight:bold; border:1px solid #a3b0bf; text-align:left; color:#000; padding:0.2em 0.4em;&amp;quot;&amp;gt; Presentations and Papers &amp;lt;/h2&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|style=&amp;quot;color:#000;&amp;quot;|&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''2026'''&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/amwg/2026-02-26-amwg-meeting/uc-gcdamp-amwg-interdisciplinarysediment-508-20260226.pdf Interdisciplinary Sediment, Riparian Vegetation, and Cultural Resource Science]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/amwg/2026-02-26-amwg-meeting/uc-gcdamp-amwg-ltempsandmanagement-508-20260226.pdf Evaluation of LTEMP sand management]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/twg/2026-02-05-twg-meeting/uc-gcdamp-arm-riverbed-sandbarresponse-508-20260205.pdf Riverbed and Sandbar Response to Glen Canyon Dam Operations and High-Flow Experiments]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/twg/2026-02-05-twg-meeting/uc-gcdamp-arm-evaluationsandmanagement-508-20260205.pdf Evaluation of LTEMP sand management]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/twg/2026-02-05-twg-meeting/uc-gcdamp-arm-sandmanagement-508-20260205.pdf Reservoir Operational Strategies for Sustainable Sand Management in the Colorado River]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''2025'''&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/twg/2025-04-10-twg-meeting/uc-gcdamp-twg-arm-goal7metrics-508-20250410.pdf Goal 7 Metrics: Sediment]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/twg/2025-04-10-twg-meeting/uc-gcdamp-twg-arm-projecta-508-20250410.pdf Project A: Streamflow, Water Quality, and Sediment Transport and Budgeting in the Colorado River Ecosystem]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''2024'''&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/amwg/2024-02-29-amwg-meeting/20240229-ProjectB-UpdateRiverbedSandbarResponseDamOperationsHFE-508-UCRO.pdf Project B Update and Riverbed and sandbar response to dam operations and high-flow experiments ]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/amwg/2024-02-29-amwg-meeting/20240229-ProjectA-StreamflowWaterQualitySedimentTransportBudgetingColoradoRiverEcosystem-508-UCRO.pdf Project A: Streamflow, Water Quality, and Sediment Transport and Budgeting in the Colorado River Ecosystem ]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/twg/2024-01-25-twg-meeting/20240125-AnnualReportingMeeting-EffectsDamOperationsVegetationManagementPreservationGeomorphicConditionArchaeologicalSites-508-UCRO.pdf Effects of Reservoirs and Stock Ponds on Surface Water Runoff in the Little Colorado River Basin ]&lt;br /&gt;
*[[Media:Sartain_AGU2023_poster_ARM.pdf| Assessing geomorphic change for 454 river km of the Colorado River in Grand Canyon, AZ via continuous and high-resolution water surface and bed profiles&lt;br /&gt;
]]&lt;br /&gt;
*[[Media:Kaplinski_Glen_canyon_flow_model_poster_20240114.pdf| Hydrodynamic modeling of the Colorado River between Glen Canyon Dam and Lees Ferry, Arizona]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''2024'''&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20231093 Griffiths et al., 2024, Changes in sand storage in the Colorado River in Grand Canyon National Park from July 2017 through June 2020]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/twg/2024-01-25-twg-meeting/20240125-AnnualReportingMeeting-ChannelResponseHighFlowsWesternGrandCanyon-508-UCRO.pdf Channel Response to High Flows in Western Grand Canyon ]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/twg/2024-01-25-twg-meeting/20240125-AnnualReportingMeeting-ProjectAStreamflowWaterQualitySedimentTransportBudgetingColoradoRiverEcosystem-508-UCRO.pdf Project A: Streamflow, Water Quality, and Sediment Transport and Budgeting in the Colorado River Ecosystem ]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/twg.html#:~:text=Project%20B%20Update%20and%20Riverbed%20and%20sandbar%20response%20to%20dam%20operations%20and%20high%2Dflow%20experiments Project B Update and Riverbed and sandbar response to dam operations and high-flow experiments ]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''2023'''&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/twg/2023-01-26-twg-meeting/20230126-AnnualReportingMeeting-AContinuousHigh-ResolutionProfileRiverbedWaterSurface460-kmColoradoRiverGrandCanyon-508-UCRO.pdf A Continuous High-Resolution Profile of the Riverbed and Water Surface for 460-km of the Colorado River in Grand Canyon]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/twg/2023-01-26-twg-meeting/20230126-AnnualReportingMeeting-StreamflowSedimentVegetationDynamics-508-UCRO.pdf Project A: Streamflow, Sediment, and Vegetation Dynamics; Implications for Geomorphic Change in the Colorado River and its Tributaries]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/twg/2023-01-26-twg-meeting/20230126-AnnualReportingMeeting-StreamflowWaterQualitySedimentTransportBudgetingColoradoRiverEcosystem-508-UCRO.pdf Project A: Streamflow, Water Quality, and Sediment Transport and Budgeting in the Colorado River Ecosystem]&lt;br /&gt;
*[[Media:ARM_salter.pdf| Numerical Modeling of Mud Transport, Storage, and Release on the Colorado River, Arizona]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''2022'''&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/amwg/2022-08-18-amwg-meeting/20220818-Grams_Sandbars_AMWG_BAO_508.pdf Multi-Decadal Sandbar Response to Flow Management Downstream from a Large Dam-The Glen Canyon Dam on the Colorado River in Marble and Grand Canyons, AZ ]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/amwg/2022-02-10-amwg-meeting/20220210-SummarySedimentSandbarProjects-508-UCRO.pdf Summary of Sediment and Sandbar Projects GCMRC Projects A and B LTEMP Goal 7 ]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/twg/2022-01-13-twg-meeting/20220113-AnnualReportingMeeting-ProjectA-StreamflowWaterQualitySedimentTransportBudgetingColoradoRiverEcosystem-508-UCRO.pdf Project A: Streamflow, Water Quality, and Sediment Transport and Budgeting in the Colorado River Ecosystem ]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''2021'''&lt;br /&gt;
*[[Media:Glen Canyon Sand Augmentation White Paper.pdf| Argonne. 2021. Evaluation of Sand Augmentation for Stabilizing Recreational Beaches and Storing Sand in Glen Canyon National Recreation Area]]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/twg/2021-10-14-twg-meeting/20211014-MorphodynamicModelEvaluateSandbarRebuilding-Presentation-508-UCRO.pdf A simple morphodynamic model to rapidly evaluate sandbar rebuilding during controlled floods]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://doi.org/10.1029/2020JF005565 Topping et al. 2021, Self-limitation of sand storage in a bedrock-canyon river arising from the interaction of flow and grain size: Journal of Geophysical Research: Earth Surface]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://doi.org/10.1029/2021JF006149 Alvarez et al. 2021, An eddy-resolving numerical model to study turbulent flow, sediment, and bed evolution using detached eddy simulation in a lateral separation zone at the field-scale: Journal of Geophysical Research—Earth Surface]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/amwg/2021-02-11-amwg-meeting/20210211-SandSupplyTransportDeposition-508-UCRO.pdf Sand Supply, Transport and Deposition ]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''2020'''&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://doi.org/10.1029/2019JF005226 Rubin et al., 2020, Causes of variability in suspended‐sand concentration evaluated using measurements in the Colorado River in Grand Canyon: JGR Earth Surface]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/amwg/2020-02-12-amwg-meeting/20200212-GCMRCScienceUpdatesPart3-Presentation-508-UCRO.pdf GCMRC 2019 Annual Reporting Meeting Overview – Part 3 ]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://doi.org/10.1130/B35642.1 Chapman et al., 2020, Estimating the contribution of tributary sand inputs to controlled flood deposits for sandbar restoration using elemental tracers, Colorado River, Grand Canyon National Park, Arizona: GSA Bulletin] [https://doi.org/10.5066/P9C0IN56 Associated data]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/twg/2020-01-13-twg-meeting/20200113-AnnualReportingMeeting-ProjectBEffectsDamReleaseSedimentStorageSandbarDynamics-Presentation-508-UCRO.pdf Project B: Effects of dam releases on in-channel sediment storage and sandbar dynamics ]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://doi.org/10.1029/2019WR025883 Ashley et al., 2020, Estimating bedload from suspended load and water discharge in sand bed rivers: Water Resources Research.]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/twg/2020-01-13-twg-meeting/20200113-AnnualReportingMeeting-GeomorphicChangeBiogeomorphicFeedbacksLittleColoradoRiver-Presentation-508-UCRO.pdf Geomorphic Change and Biogeomorphic Feedbacks in the Little Colorado River, Arizona ]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''2019'''&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://doi.org/10.1130/B35047.1 Dean, D.J., and Topping, D.J., 2019, Geomorphic change and biogeomorphic feedbacks in a dryland river--The Little Colorado River, Arizona, USA: GSA Bulletin ]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''2018'''&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://qcnr.usu.edu/wats/colorado_river_studies/files/documents/Rubin.pdf Sand tells a story]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://doi.org/10.5066/P99TN424 Sankey et al., 2018, Sand classifications along the Colorado River in Grand Canyon derived from 2002, 2009, and 2013 high-resolution multispectral airborne imagery: U.S. Geological Survey data release]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/amwg/2018-08-22-amwg-meeting/Attach_12.pdf GCMRC Science Updates PPT]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://doi.org/10.1002/rra.3349 Hadley et al., 2018, Quantifying geomorphic and vegetation change at sandbar campsites in response to flow regulation and controlled floods, Grand Canyon National Park, Arizona: River Research  and Applications]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/twg/2018-01-25-twg-meeting/AR02.pdf Key drivers of sand transport and storage in the Colorado River Ecosystem PPT]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-22-1767-2018 Voichick, N. et al., 2018, Technical note--False low turbidity readings during high suspended-sediment concentrations: Hydrology and Earth System Sciences]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20181019 Grams et al., 2018, Automated remote cameras for monitoring alluvial sandbars on the Colorado River in Grand Canyon, Arizona: Open-File Report]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''2017'''&lt;br /&gt;
*[[Media:Chapman 2017 Thesis-Determining tributary sediment exp flood deposits Marble Canyon ColRiv.pdf| Chapman, K., 2017, Determining the tributary sediment contribution to experimental flood deposits on the Colorado River in Marble Canyon, Grand Canyon, Arizona: Flagstaff, Northern Arizona University, MS thesis]]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/6635 Hamill, D., 2017, Quantifying riverbed sediment using recreational-grade side scan sonar: Logan, Utah State University, MS thesis]&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/2017JF004302 Buscombe et al., 2017, Compositional signatures in acoustic backscatter over vegetated and unvegetated mixed sand-gravel riverbeds: Journal of Geophysical Research: Earth Surface]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geomorph.2017.08.037 Griffiths and Topping, 2017, Importance of measuring discharge and sediment transport in lesser tributaries when closing sediment budgets: Geomorphology]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20171030 Kaplinski et al. 2017. Channel mapping river miles 29–62 of the Colorado River in Grand Canyon National Park, Arizona, May 2009: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2017–1030]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/twg/2017-01-26-twg-meeting/AR1_Topping.pdf Project 1: Streamflow, Water Quality, Sediment Transport, and Sand Budgets in the Colorado River Ecosystem ]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/twg/2017-01-26-twg-meeting/AR2_Dean.pdf Project 2: Hydrologic Change and the Geomorphic Transformation of the Little Colorado River: Implications for Sediment Delivery to the Grand Canyon ]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/twg/2017-01-26-twg-meeting/AR3_Grams.pdf Sandbars and Sediment Storage in Marble and Grand Canyons: Response to Recent High-flow Experiments and Long-term Trends ]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''2016'''&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/pp1823 Topping et al. 2016. Long-term continuous acoustical suspended-sediment measurements in rivers — Theory, application, bias, and error: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1823]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/amwg/2016-08-24-amwg-meeting/Attach_11a.pdf Sandbar Modeling Project Update]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/amwg/2016-08-24-amwg-meeting/Attach_07b.pdf Status of Sediment Resources – August 2016]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/amwg/2016-08-24-amwg-meeting/Attach_07a.pdf Grand Canyon Monitoring and Research Center Science Updates and PPT (BO Compliance, Trout Updates, Green Sunfish, Fisheries PEP, Partners in Science)]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/twg/2016-02-26-twg-meeting/AR03_Buscombe.pdf Observations of sand dune migration on the Colorado River in Grand Canyon using high-resolution multibeam bathymetry]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/twg/2016-02-26-twg-meeting/AR01_Topping.pdf Project 2: Streamflow,  Water Quality, Sediment Transport, and Sand Budgets in the Colorado River Ecosystem]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/twg/2016-02-26-twg-meeting/AR02_Grams.pdf Sandbars and Sediment Storage in Marble and Grand Canyons: Response to Recent high-flow Experiments and Long-Term Trends]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''2015'''&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://eos.org/features/building-sandbars-in-the-grand-canyon Grams et al. 2015. Building Sandbars in the Grand Canyon, EOS, Trans. Am. Geophys. Union]&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://repository.asu.edu/items/30069 Alvarez. 2015. Turbulence, Sediment Transport, Erosion, and Sandbar Beach Failure Processes in Grand Canyon. Ph.D. Dissertation, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://drive.google.com/file/d/0BwY-Z2c3NTUGeUVIWEwyY1l6RUE/view GCMRC Science Update - Sediment]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/twg/2015-06-11-twg-meeting/Attach_02,.pdf GCMRC Science Update - Sediment]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://drive.google.com/file/d/0BwY-Z2c3NTUGQURtV2s3eWJqRHM/view Updates on 2014 HFE, Paria sediment inputs, and sediment mass balance]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/twg/2015-04-21-twg-meeting/Attach_11.pdf Glen Canyon Tailwater Fishery “Integrating Fish and Channel Mapping”]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/twg/2015-04-21-twg-meeting/Attach_13.pdf GCMRC’s Online Mapping and GIS Resources]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/twg/2015-01-20-twg-meeting/Attach_01.pdf Streamflow, Water Quality, and Sediment Transport in the Colorado River Ecosystem]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/twg/2015-01-20-twg-meeting/Attach_02.pdf Sandbars and Sediment Storage in Marble and Grand Canyons: Response to Recent High-flow Experiments and Long-term Trends]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''2014'''&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/amwg/2014-08-27-amwg-meeting/Attach_04a.pdf Science Updates - Recent Research on Sand, Bugs, and Fish ]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/twg/2014-01-30-twg-meeting/AR_Grams_Sandbar_Storage.pdf Sandbars and Sand Storage in Marble and Grand Canyons (Grams) ]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/twg/2014-01-30-twg-meeting/AR_Griffiths_Processing.pdf Processing fine sediment transport data: procedures, processing, and bottlenecks (Griffiths) ]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''2013'''&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://asu.pure.elsevier.com/en/publications/erosion-of-river-sandbars-by-diurnal-stage-fluctuations-in-the-co Alvarez and Schmeeckle. 2013. Erosion of river sandbars by diurnal stage fluctuations in the Colorado river in the Marble and Grand Canyons: Full-scale laboratory experiments]&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://www.usbr.gov/uc/rm/amp/twg/mtgs/13nov06/Attach_02a.pdf GCMRC Update - Status of Resources and Sediment Conditions]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/amwg/2013-08-08-amwg-meeting/Attach_06d.pdf Present Status of Sediment Resources-August 2013]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/amwg/2013-08-08-amwg-meeting/Attach_06a.pdf Science Updates - Overflights, Riparian Vegetation, and Sediment]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/twg/2013-06-26-twg-meeting/Attach_07a.pdf 2013 Overflight Wrap up]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/twg/2013-06-26-twg-meeting/Attach_07b.pdf GCMRC Science Update on Sediment and Fisheries]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/twg/2013-01-24-twg-meeting/15_Topping.pdf Sediment Monitoring Program: Sediment Delivery from Tributaries and Sediment Transport by Colorado River]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/twg/2013-01-24-twg-meeting/16_Grams.pdf Sandbar Monitoring for November 2012 Controlled Flood]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''2012'''&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/amwg/2012-08-29-amwg-meeting/Attach_04a.pdf GCMRC Updates and Sediment Update ]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/twg/2012-06-20-twg-meeting/Attach_09.pdf E-mail to TWG with Sediment Model Link]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/amwg/2012-02-22-amwg-meeting/Attach_08.pdf GCMRC Updates and PPT]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.gcmrc.gov/about/ka/KA%202%20-%201-31-12/PM%20Talks/Grams%200400-0500.pdf Sandbars and In-Channel Sand Storage: Short-Term Dynamics and Long-Term Trends ]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.gcmrc.gov/about/ka/KA%202%20-%201-31-12/PM%20Talks/Topping%200200-0300.pdf Physical controls on sediment deposition, erosion, and transport ]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.gcmrc.gov/about/ka/KA%202%20-%201-31-12/PM%20Talks/Melis%200300-0400.pdf Geomorphic Framework &amp;amp; Role of Debris Flows Suspended-Sediment Transport and Sandbars Glen Canyon Dam Operations -Post-EIS Summary ]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.gcmrc.gov/about/ka/KA%202%20-%201-31-12/PM%20Talks/Schmidt%200100-0200.pdf A Conversation about Rivers and Dams ]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.gcmrc.gov/about/ka/KA%202%20-%202-1-12/PM%20Talks/Wright%200200-0300%20Modeling%20101.pdf Modeling 101 ]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''2011'''&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/amwg/2011-08-24-amwg-meeting/Attach_06.pdf GCMRC Updates]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/twg/2011-06-28-twg-meeting/Attach_05.pdf Update on Sand Mass Balance with Modeling]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''2010'''&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2010/1133/OFR_2010-1133.pdf Wright, S.A., and Grams, P.E., 2010, Evaluation of Water Year 2011 Glen Canyon Dam flow release scenarios on downstream sand storage along the Colorado River in Arizona: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2010-1133]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/twg/2010-11-15-twg-meeting/Attach_11d.pdf Update on Water Quality and 2010 Sand Input ]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/amwg/2010-08-24-amwg-meeting/Attach_03a.pdf Grand Canyon Monitoring and Research Updates and the Following Open File Reports: 1) Evaluation of Water Year 2011 Glen Canyon Dam Flow Release Scenarios on Downstream Sand Storage Along the Colorado River in Arizona, and 2) An Approach to Modeling Sediment Budgets in Supply-limited Rivers]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/amwg/2010-08-24-amwg-meeting/Attach_03b.pdf Report on Sediment Modeling to Support Development of 2011 Hydrograph]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/amwg/2010-08-24-amwg-meeting/Attach_03c.pdf Update on 2010 Sediment Inputs]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/amwg/2010-08-24-amwg-meeting/Attach_12a.pdf Temperature Control Device and Sediment Augmentation Report]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/amwg/2010-08-24-amwg-meeting/Attach_12b.pdf TWG Chair Temperature Control Device/Sediment Augmentation]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/twg/2010-06-29-twg-meeting/Attach_01b.pdf Minutes from June 21, 2010, TWG Webinar/Conference Call with Memo from John Hamill to Shane Capron dated May 17, 2010, Subject: TWG and stakeholder requests for GCMRC to evaluate the effects of various dam operation scenarios on sediment storage and loss in the Grand Canyon with Open File Report 2010-1133]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/twg/2010-06-29-twg-meeting/Attach_10.pdf Mechanics and Modeling of Flow, Sediment Transport and Morphologic Change in Riverine Lateral Separation Zones]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/twg/2010-03-15-twg-meeting/Attach_07.pdf Sediment and Temperature Modeling Update PPT as presented at January 2010 Annual Reporting Meeting]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/twg/2010-01-21-twg-meeting/Attach_07.pdf AIF: Temperature Control Device and Sediment Augmentation and PPT]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''2009'''&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/twg/2009-09-29-twg-meeting/Attach_14.pdf Selective Withdrawal and Sediment Augmentation Update PPT]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/twg/2009-09-29-twg-meeting/Attach_06.pdf Grand Canyon Monitoring and Research Center Updates]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/twg/2009-06-22-twg-meeting/Attach_04.pdf Sandbar Evolution: Extending the Historical Perspective PPT]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/amwg/2009-04-29-amwg-meeting/Attach_03a.pdf AIF: Grand Canyon Monitoring and Research Center (GCMRC) Update]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/amwg/2009-04-29-amwg-meeting/Attach_03d.pdf Water Quality and Sediment, 2008 High Flow Experiment, and Integrated Flow, Temperature, and Sediment Modeling PPT]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/twg/2009-03-16-twg-meeting/Attach_05.pdf Grand Canyon Monitoring and Research Center updates by Program Managers]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/twg/2009-03-16-twg-meeting/Attach_10.pdf Diamond Creek Gage Discontinuation]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''2008'''&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://www.riversimulator.org/Resources/Hydrology/WrightGSA2008.pdf Is there enough sand? Evaluating the fate of Grand Canyon sandbars]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''2007'''&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://www.riversimulator.org/Resources/USBR/LTEP/Randle2007.pdf Randle et al. 2007. Colorado River Ecosystem Sediment Augmentation Appraisal Engineering Report]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''2003'''&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/pp1677/pdf/pp1677.pdf Topping et al. 2003.  Computation and analysis of the instantaneous-discharge record for the Colorado River at Lees Ferry, Arizona, May 8, 1921 through September 30, 2000: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1677]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''1999'''&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/rm/amp/twg/mtgs/10jun29/Attach_11.pdf Floods and Sandbars in the Grand Canyon, a publication of the Geological Society of America (published in GSA Today, April 1999)]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''1988'''&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1987/0561/report.pdf Schmidt and Graf, 1988, Aggradation and degradation of alluvial sand deposits, 1965 to 1986, OFR 87-561]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! &amp;lt;h2 style=&amp;quot;margin:0; background:#cedff2; font-size:120%; font-weight:bold; border:1px solid #a3b0bf; text-align:left; color:#000; padding:0.2em 0.4em;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;Other Stuff &amp;lt;/h2&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|style=&amp;quot;color:#000;&amp;quot;|&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
----&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
*Eddies occur adjacent to rapids and the flow in the eddy is related to the flow characteristics in the rapid.  Sand bars were typically larger before the dam.(Science Background for HFE Planning- Jack Schmidt, GCMRC_KA 2013)&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://www.usbr.gov/uc/rm/amp/amwg/mtgs/02jan17/Attach_10b.pdf Sediment Presentation- AMWG Jan 2002]&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://www.usbr.gov/uc/rm/amp/amwg/mtgs/02jan17/Attach_10a.pdf Sediment White Paper- AMWG Jan 2002]&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://www.nationalparkstraveler.com/2014/11/high-flows-through-grand-canyon-national-park-met-mixed-reactions25903 The United States Geological Survey estimates that the Colorado River below Glen Canyon Dam only has 6 percent of the sediment that it received before the Glen Canyon Dam was built in the 1960s.]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Flash Flood videos==&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=humwT6ivMt0 Paria River Flash Flood 8/3/16]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sJBl6GXf_EA Buckskin Gulch Flash Flood 8/4/16]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aZp_1KtrzjQ| Buckskin Wash Flash Flood / Debris Flow 2013]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iAw_zIg9BqI Paria River Flash Flood / Debris Flow 8/19/12]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=580HhfKenws Glen Canyon and Page Arizona Flooding May 22 2009] &lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Cellsworth</name></author>	</entry>

	<entry>
		<id>http://gcdamp.com/index.php?title=Turbidity&amp;diff=11258</id>
		<title>Turbidity</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://gcdamp.com/index.php?title=Turbidity&amp;diff=11258"/>
				<updated>2026-09-17T20:30:37Z</updated>
		
		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Cellsworth: &lt;/p&gt;
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Nonnative predatory fish like smallmouth bass, green sunfish, brown trout, and rainbow trout are considered a threat to the threatened humpback chub and other native fish in Grand Canyon. These introduced species eat native fish, but impacts are difficult to assess because predation vulnerability depends on the physical conditions under which predation takes place. The timing, duration, and magnitude of turbidity affects the ability of sight-oriented predators like those fish species listed above to find and prey on fish like humpback chub. Turbidity conditions also impact the ability of these nonnative fish to reproduce and establish in reaches of the Colorado River that still experience turbidity events during the summer monsoon season. &lt;br /&gt;
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|class=&amp;quot;MainPageBG&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;width:55%; border:1px solid #cef2e0; background:#f5faff; vertical-align:top; color:#000;&amp;quot;|&lt;br /&gt;
{|width=&amp;quot;100%&amp;quot; cellpadding=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; cellspacing=&amp;quot;5&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;vertical-align:top; background:#f5faff;&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
! &amp;lt;h2 style=&amp;quot;margin:0; background:#cedff2; font-size:120%; font-weight:bold; border:1px solid #a3bfb1; text-align:left; color:#000; padding:0.2em 0.4em;&amp;quot;&amp;gt; [https://www.usgs.gov/centers/sbsc/science/effects-water-clarity-survival-endangered-humpback-chub?qt-science_center_objects=0#qt-science_center_objects Ward et al. 2016. Effects of Water Clarity on Survival of Endangered Humpback Chub]   &amp;lt;/h2&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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We studied how predation vulnerability of juvenile humpback chub changes in response to turbidity. We exposed hatchery-reared juvenile humpback chub and bonytail (a surrogate for humpback chub) to adult rainbow and brown trout at turbidities ranging from 0 (clear water) to 1,000 formazin nephlometric units (FNU). Turbidity as low as 25 FNU reduced predation of bonytail to rainbow trout and led to a 36% increase in survival compared to trials conducted in clear water. Predation vulnerability of bonytail to brown trout at 25 FNU also decreased with increasing turbidity and resulted in a 25% increase in survival. This research suggests that relatively small changes in turbidity may be sufficient to alter predation dynamics of trout on humpback chub in the Colorado River, and that turbidity manipulation may warrant further investigation as a fisheries management tool. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Background &amp;amp; Importance==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Closure of Glen Canyon dam in 1963 resulted in significant changes to the physical environment of the Colorado River in Grand Canyon, including decreased water temperature and reduced turbidity. These changes allowed introduced fish such as rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) and brown trout (Salmo trutta) to flourish, whereas native species such as humpback chub (Gila cypha) declined in abundance and distribution. Humpback chub was listed by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service in 1967 and was given full protection as an endangered species pursuant to the U.S. Endangered Species Act. As Lake Powell filled with water, an estimated 95% of the sediment supply to the Colorado River through Grand Canyon was cut off and deposited into Lake Powell. These changes in turbidity likely contributed to changes in the fish community.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Predation on juvenile humpback chub by rainbow trout and brown trout within the mainstem Colorado River has been identified as a potential cause for humpback chub population declines in Grand Canyon. Investigations of trout diets within the Colorado River indicate that these species eat juvenile native fish, but impacts of trout predation on native fish populations is difficult to predict because predation vulnerability changes with environmental conditions. Turbidity changes the way visual predators such as trout detect prey. As water becomes more turbid and light decreases, the ability of trout to use contrast to successfully identify and react to prey decreases. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Turbidity varies on both a seasonal and annual basis leading to highly variable incidence of piscivory for trout inhabiting this area of the Colorado River. It has been hypothesized that management actions that increase turbidity within the Colorado River could lead to increases in recruitment of native Colorado River fishes by reducing predation mortality. Understanding the relationship between water clarity and predation vulnerability is therefore critical when evaluating management actions designed to benefit native fish species such as humpback chub within the Colorado River. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==General Methods==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
We conducted laboratory experiments to evaluate how short-term predation vulnerability of humpback chub changes in response to turbidity using juvenile captive-reared humpback chub and bonytail (Gila elegans) as prey and wild caught adult rainbow trout and brown trout as predators. Bonytail were included in the experiment because limited numbers of humpback chub are available for research purposes. Bonytail are closely related to humpback chub, native to the Colorado River and its tributaries, and make good surrogates for humpback chub because of similarities in morphology and life history, especially as juveniles. All fish were maintained in separate holding tanks in a temperature controlled greenhouse at the U.S. Forest Service Rocky Mountain Research Station in Flagstaff, AZ.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Predation trials were conducted in 12 replicate 568-liter (~150 gallons) fiberglass tanks that measured 1.2 m (~4’) long by 0.9 m (~3') wide with a water depth of 30 cm (~1’). Four trout of a given species were placed into each tank and 12 humpback chub or bonytail were placed into a cylinder-shaped mesh basket within each tank at the beginning of the trial. All fish were allowed to recover from capture and handling and to acclimate to the predation tanks for a period of 48 hours. Fine sediments were gathered from the lower Paria River near the confluence with the Colorado River and the Little Colorado River directly above Grand Falls. This sediment was sifted through a 63 micron sieve and blended using a standard kitchen blender to obtain a suspension of fine silt and clay particles. This suspension was added gradually at the beginning of the acclimation period and tested using a Hach® 201 turbidimeter until the turbidity stabilized at each target level. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
After the 48-hour acclimation period, turbidity was measured again and additional sediment was added if needed to reach target turbidity levels. Baskets containing prey fish were then tipped over and removed from the tanks with chub being carefully released into each tank, initiating the predation experiment. Tanks were left undisturbed for 24 hours under natural light. After 24 hours, water in each tank was drained and all surviving fish were captured, counted and measured for total length (TL). Experiments took place from October 2013 to May of 2014 and typically began between 8 AM and 10 AM. A total of 124 individual overnight trials were conducted utilizing 256 rainbow trout (223 – 330 mm (~9-13”) TL) and 208 brown trout (193-399 mm (~8-16”) TL). Prey fish consisted of two sizes of juvenile chub, 120 individual humpback chub (41-64 mm (~1.5-2.5”) TL) and 1008 bonytail (60-73 mm (92.5-3”) TL).&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Important Results==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Initial trials with a wide range of turbidity (0 – 1000 formazin nephlometric units (FNU)) using humpback chub revealed that the greatest changes in predation vulnerability occurred at turbidities &amp;lt; 200 FNU.  Subsequent trials using bonytail, conducted at 0 – 150 FNU, indicated that increased turbidity significantly reduced predation vulnerability of bonytail to both rainbow and brown trout, although increases in survival with increasing turbidity were much more pronounced for rainbow trout than for brown trout. An increase in turbidity from clear water to 150 FNU (with all other factors held constant) resulted in a more than 4 fold increase in juvenile chub survival to predation by both rainbow trout (21% to 91%) and brown trout (7% to 35%). &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Abiotic factors like turbidity can have large impacts on biotic interactions and play an important role in structuring animal communities. Our study suggests that rainbow and brown trout are less effective predators on native chub species as turbidity increases, with turbidity as low as 25 FNU reducing predation vulnerability of bonytail to rainbow and brown trout by 36% and 25%, respectively. Our observed decrease in predation vulnerability associated with increases in turbidity is consistent with other published studies conducted in both laboratory and natural environments. This information may be useful in evaluating the ecological implications of turbidity changes caused by Glen Canyon Dam and in evaluating potential management actions aimed at benefitting humpback chub within Grand Canyon. Relatively small changes in turbidity may be sufficient to alter predation dynamics of rainbow trout on humpback chub in the Grand Canyon. Management actions aimed at augmenting sediment below Glen Canyon Dam have been considered, but not implemented because of high cost. Evaluations of low level silt and clay augmentation only, for the purpose of producing turbidity in the 25-50 FNU range, to reduce predation vulnerability of native fishes may warrant further evaluation and field testing. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! &amp;lt;h2 style=&amp;quot;margin:0; background:#cedff2; font-size:120%; font-weight:bold; border:1px solid #a3b0bf; text-align:left; color:#000; padding:0.2em 0.4em;&amp;quot;&amp;gt; [https://academic.oup.com/tafs/article/154/5/469/8209825 Pine et al. 2025. Assessing the potential for Smallmouth Bass population establishment in Grand Canyon] &amp;lt;/h2&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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The expansion of nonnative Smallmouth Bass Micropterus dolomieu into the Grand Canyon ecosystem downstream of Glen Canyon Dam is widely seen as a potential threat to native fishes, particularly the Humpback Chub Gila cypha, which is listed as threatened under the Endangered Species Act. This concern stems from observations in the Green and upper Colorado rivers, where dam- modified habitats and reservoir introductions have allowed Smallmouth Bass to become established and impact native fish species. Our objective was to compare habitat conditions between a Smallmouth Bass population center in the Green River— where Humpback Chub are rare— and two major Humpback Chub population centers in the Colorado River in Grand Canyon, where Smallmouth Bass invasion is a conservation concern, to help assess invasion risk and inform management actions downstream of Glen Canyon Dam.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Methods== &lt;br /&gt;
We developed a conceptual model of Smallmouth Bass recruitment potential emphasizing the roles of temperature, turbidity, and the timing of these conditions, based on literature for Smallmouth Bass and Largemouth Bass Micropterus nigricans. Using U.S. Geological Survey gauge station data, we summarized daily temperature and turbidity patterns near a known Smallmouth Bass population center in the middle Green River (near Jensen, Utah) and compared those with conditions in the Colorado River in Glen Canyon and Grand Canyon downstream from Glen Canyon Dam. We then used our conceptual model of Smallmouth Bass early life history, along with observed turbidity and temperature patterns, to explore how irregular recruitment could affect Smallmouth Bass population dynamics and individual growth potential using an age- structured population model and a bioenergetics model.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Results== &lt;br /&gt;
Although warm reservoir releases due to low water storage in Lake Powell has made temperature regimes in Glen and Grand canyons more similar to those of the middle Green River, the Colorado River ecosystem in Grand Canyon has a very different turbidity regime from that of the middle Green River. The Colorado River in Grand Canyon becomes very turbid during late summer and fall, when tributaries experience flash floods during the North American monsoon season. These periods of high turbidity coincide with critical early life stages of Smallmouth Bass, likely limiting foraging efficiency, growth, and overwinter survival. Our population model indicates that rapidly growing and sustained Smallmouth Bass populations require successful recruitment at least once every 2 years, but empirical data suggest that these conditions occur only every 5–7 years in Grand Canyon. This would make long- term establishment of self- sustaining Smallmouth Bass populations in Grand Canyon unlikely or at least highly uncertain.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Conclusions==&lt;br /&gt;
Despite the presence of nonnative predators, Humpback Chub populations in Grand Canyon have expanded during the past 10–15 years, very likely due to favorably warm river temperature. While Smallmouth Bass in Glen or Marble canyons (between Glen Canyon Dam and the Little Colorado River) may pose a downstream dispersal risk (and potentially a threat to Humpback Chub populations), high turbidity conditions downstream of the Little Colorado River reduce the likelihood of persistent local Smallmouth Bass recruitment. These results suggest that Smallmouth Bass invasion risk to Humpback Chub is not uniform across the Colorado River basin and should be evaluated in the context of the different site- specific water quality and flow regime conditions, other known risks to Humpback Chub, and Humpback Chub population size in different parts of the basin.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! &amp;lt;h2 style=&amp;quot;margin:0; background:#cedff2; font-size:120%; font-weight:bold; border:1px solid #a3b0bf; text-align:left; color:#000; padding:0.2em 0.4em;&amp;quot;&amp;gt; Increasing Turbidity with Sediment Augmentation &amp;lt;/h2&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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&lt;br /&gt;
[http://www.riversimulator.org/Resources/USBR/LTEP/Randle2007.pdf Randle, T.J., Lyons, J.K., Christensen, R.J., and Stephen, R.D., 2007, Colorado River ecosystem sediment augmentation appraisal engineering report: Bureau of Reclamation, Technical Service Center, Sedimentation and River Hydraulics Group, Denver, Colorado, 71 p.]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Grand Canyon sediment augmentation would have two primary purposes:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
#Seasonally increase the turbidity of the Colorado River to provide cover for native and endangered fish during the months of May through December. This is the period when young-of-the year humpback chub emerge from the Little Colorado River and then rear in the Colorado River (U.S. Department of the Interior, Bureau of Reclamation, 1995). These native fish evolved in a turbid environment and may use it for cover from potential predators.&lt;br /&gt;
#Annually increase the sand supply to the Colorado River during beach-building flows to build larger sandbars, especially in Marble Canyon, through fluvial processes. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Sediment slurry pipelines that would deliver sediment from the Navajo Canyon arm of&lt;br /&gt;
Lake Powell to the Colorado River below Glen Canyon Dam or near Lees Ferry are&lt;br /&gt;
believed to be technically feasible. Five sediment augmentation alternatives have been&lt;br /&gt;
formulated and evaluated. Alternatives are available to deliver fine sediment and sand to&lt;br /&gt;
the Colorado River, either below Glen Canyon Dam or near Lees Ferry.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Attempts have been made to formulate each alternative to minimize environmental&lt;br /&gt;
impacts and to avoid cultural resource impacts. No major environmental impacts for any&lt;br /&gt;
of the five alternatives have been identified at this time.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Sediment source areas in Lake Powell seem to be the most logical choice because of cost&lt;br /&gt;
and because the sediments in Lake Powell would have naturally reached the Colorado&lt;br /&gt;
River below the site of Glen Canyon Dam. Sediment source areas in Navajo Canyon are&lt;br /&gt;
much closer to Glen Canyon Dam than other major source areas in Lake Powell.&lt;br /&gt;
Laboratory analysis of one sediment sample from Navajo Canyon did not detect any&lt;br /&gt;
contaminants above background levels. A more intensive sediment sampling program&lt;br /&gt;
would be needed to verify if this finding is applicable to more of the sediments within&lt;br /&gt;
Navajo Canyon.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Although the present and future sedimentation volumes in Navajo Canyon may not be&lt;br /&gt;
enough to sustain a Grand Canyon sediment augmentation program over the long term,&lt;br /&gt;
the volumes should be sufficient for one or two decades (see figure 8). Sediments in&lt;br /&gt;
Navajo Canyon could be dredged first and then the submerged slurry pipelines and&lt;br /&gt;
floating pumping stations could be moved to an upstream source such as the Escalante&lt;br /&gt;
River or San Juan River deltas.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Sediment slurry pipelines can deliver large quantities of sediment, and over long&lt;br /&gt;
distances, much more efficiently and at less cost than barges or trucks. Submerging&lt;br /&gt;
sediment slurry pipelines in Lake Powell appears to be a viable option with much less&lt;br /&gt;
impact than overland routes from major sediment source areas in Lake Powell where no&lt;br /&gt;
direct roads presently exist.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The augmentation of fine sediment should be considered in conjunction with alternatives&lt;br /&gt;
that would increase the summer water temperatures released from Glen Canyon Dam&lt;br /&gt;
(e.g., selective withdrawal of water from Lake Powell). Native and endangered fish in&lt;br /&gt;
Grand Canyon National Park are impacted by less turbidity and colder water&lt;br /&gt;
temperatures in summer compared to natural conditions (U.S. Department of the Interior,&lt;br /&gt;
Bureau of Reclamation, 1995). Turbidity may provide native fish with cover from&lt;br /&gt;
predation. In the absence of turbid conditions, native fish tend not to be active during the&lt;br /&gt;
day (U.S. Department of the Interior, Bureau of Reclamation, 1995). Although, colder&lt;br /&gt;
water temperatures may impact young-of-the-year native fish in summer, the colder&lt;br /&gt;
temperatures may also keep non-native warm-water fish from migrating upstream&lt;br /&gt;
through Grand Canyon National Park. If water temperatures are increased, there is a&lt;br /&gt;
concern that non-native warm-water fish may have the advantage (U.S. Department of&lt;br /&gt;
the Interior, Bureau of Reclamation, 1995). The augmentation of fine sediment may&lt;br /&gt;
provide the necessary cover for native and endangered fish.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
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{| width=&amp;quot;100%&amp;quot; cellpadding=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; cellspacing=&amp;quot;5&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;vertical-align:top; background:#f5faff;&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
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*[http://gcdamp.com/index.php?title=GCDAMP_Sediment Sediment Page]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://gcdamp.com/index.php/Smallmouth_Bass_Page Smallmouth Bass Page]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://gcdamp.com/index.php/Green_Sunfish_Page Green Sunfish Page]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://gcdamp.com/index.php/Brown_Trout Brown Trout Page]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://gcdamp.com/index.php?title=FISHERY Rainbow Trout Page]&lt;br /&gt;
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*[https://academic.oup.com/tafs/article/154/5/469/8209825 Assessing the potential for Smallmouth Bass population establishment in Grand Canyon]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usgs.gov/centers/sbsc/science/effects-water-clarity-survival-endangered-humpback-chub?qt-science_center_objects=0#qt-science_center_objects Effects of Water Clarity on Survival of Endangered Humpback Chub]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! &amp;lt;h2 style=&amp;quot;margin:0; background:#cedff2; font-size:120%; font-weight:bold; border:1px solid #a3b0bf; text-align:left; color:#000; padding:0.2em 0.4em;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;Turbidity Gages&amp;lt;/h2&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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*[http://www.gcmrc.gov/discharge_qw_sediment/station/GCDAMP/09380000 Colorado River at Lees Ferry]&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://www.gcmrc.gov/discharge_qw_sediment/station/GCDAMP/09383050 Colorado River near river mile 30]&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://www.gcmrc.gov/discharge_qw_sediment/station/GCDAMP/09383100 Colorado River above Little Colorado River near Desert View, AZ]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.gcmrc.gov/discharge_qw_sediment/station/GCDAMP/09402500 Colorado River near Grand Canyon, AZ]&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://www.gcmrc.gov/discharge_qw_sediment/station/GCDAMP/09404120 Colorado River above National Canyon near Supai, AZ]&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://www.gcmrc.gov/discharge_qw_sediment/station/GCDAMP/09404200 Colorado River above Diamond Creek near Peach Springs, AZ]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
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Randle et al. (2007) estimated the cost of sediment augmentation from the delta of Navajo Creek within Lake Powell to be approximately $150 million. This estimate contribute enough fines to meet a “200 FNU” condition in the main channel of Marble / Eastern Grand Canyons. Recent studies have shown that as little as 25 FNU might allow for a substantial increase in chub survival from both rainbow and brown trout [https://www.usgs.gov/centers/sbsc/science/effects-water-clarity-survival-endangered-humpback-chub?qt-science_center_objects=0#qt-science_center_objects]. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
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! &amp;lt;h2 style=&amp;quot;margin:0; background:#cedff2; font-size:120%; font-weight:bold; border:1px solid #a3b0bf; text-align:left; color:#000; padding:0.2em 0.4em;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;Presentations and Papers&amp;lt;/h2&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
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&lt;br /&gt;
'''2018'''&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/twg/2018-01-25-twg-meeting/AR14.pdf Turbidity as a management tool to constrain Rainbow Trout downstream of the Paria River PPT]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/twg/2018-01-25-twg-meeting/AR12.pdf Effects of HFEs on Growth and Population Dynamics of Rainbow Trout in Glen Canyon and Mable Canyon PPT]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-22-1767-2018 Voichick, N. et al., 2018, Technical note--False low turbidity readings during high suspended-sediment concentrations: Hydrology and Earth System Sciences]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''2016'''&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2016/3053/fs20163053.pdf Voichick et al. 2016. Water clarity of the Colorado River—Implications for food webs and fish communities: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2016–3053]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''2007'''&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://www.riversimulator.org/Resources/USBR/LTEP/Randle2007.pdf Randle et al. 2007. Colorado River Ecosystem Sediment Augmentation Appraisal Engineering Report]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''1995'''&lt;br /&gt;
*Valdez and Ryel, 1995&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! &amp;lt;h2 style=&amp;quot;margin:0; background:#cedff2; font-size:120%; font-weight:bold; border:1px solid #a3b0bf; text-align:left; color:#000; padding:0.2em 0.4em;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;Other Stuff&amp;lt;/h2&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|style=&amp;quot;color:#000;&amp;quot;|&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
*Spring 2002 – HBC “911” Emergency Response – fish biologists report declining trend in adult HBC, the finding results in AMWG’s humpback chub ad hoc committee and consideration of a dozen experimental “management strategies” intended to arrest the decline and conserve humpback chub - one of which is to determine feasibility of importing “fine-sediment” from Lake Powell source areas to the CRe, near the Paria River confluence w/ the Colorado River = turbidity cover for native fish when Paria does not contribute enough fines to meet a “200 FNU” condition in the main channel of Marble / Eastern Grand Canyons.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
*2004-5 – Mechanical Removal project reports abrupt decline in rainbow trout throughout Marble and Grand Canyons at start of Year-3 MR treatment, and this step-change (shown in Coggins et al, 2011, Fig 7, p. 468) coincides with long string of Paria and LCR floods / sediment inputs that occurred from mid-September 2004 through January 2005; including the largest winter Paria River flood in January 2005, since December 1966. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
*2007 – Sediment Augmentation - Randle et al. (2007) deliver final technical feasibility report to AMWG, which declares that sources of fine sediment from the delta of Navajo Creek within Lake Powell could, in fact, be transported around Glen Canyon Dam &amp;amp; delivered to the CRe to manage turbidity of Marble and eastern Grand Canyons, but at a cost ranging from $150 (silt/clay only) – $400 (silt/clay/sand) million w/ annual maintenance of ~$9 million if an extra 1 Tg of sand were also to be augmented for sandbars as well. (estimated costs provide a means to value Paria River sediment provided as “ecosystem service” compliments of Mother Nature.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
*Fall 2010 – Non-Native Trout Control EA / SDM Workshop – fish experts identify 19 options for controlling trout below Lees Ferry, with concept of “turbidity curtain” being rated the most effective long-term strategy (see Runge et al., 2011, p. 29, Table 3, hybrid option E [Sediment curtain (single strategies: 3b, 5e, 6, 13): #13 is long-term strategy to emigration; #5 is the short-term strategy to emigration while infrastructure is being built; #3 is needed in short-term to reduce extant RBT population. Assumptions: RBT and BNT limit HBC recovery, Lees Ferry is the source of RBT, removal @ PBR or sediment curtain])&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==[http://hachcompany.custhelp.com/app/answers/answer_view/a_id/1000336/~/what-is-the-difference-between-the-turbidity-units-ntu,-fnu,-ftu,-and-fau%3F-what Measuring turbidity]==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Question: What is the difference between the turbidity units NTU, FNU, FTU, and FAU? What is a JTU?&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Answer:&lt;br /&gt;
*NTU stands for Nephelometric Turbidity Unit and signifies that the instrument is measuring scattered light from the sample at a 90-degree angle from the incident light. &lt;br /&gt;
*FNU stands for Formazin Nephelometric Units and also signifies that the instrument is measuring scattered light from the sample at a 90-degree angle from the incident light. FNU is most often used when referencing the ISO 7027 (European) turbidity method. &lt;br /&gt;
*NTU is most often used when referencing the USEPA Method 180.1 or Standard Methods For the Examination of Water and Wastewater.  &lt;br /&gt;
*When formazin was initially adopted as the primary reference standard for turbidity, units of FTU or Formazin Turbidity Units were used. These units, however, do not specify how the instrument measures the sample. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
FAU or Formazin Attenuation Units signify that the instrument is measuring the decrease in transmitted light through the sample at an angle of 180 degrees to the incident light. This type of measurement is often made in a spectrophotometer or colorimeter and is not considered a valid turbidity measurement by most regulatory agencies. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
A JTU or Jackson Turbidity Unit is a historical unit used when measurements were made visually using a Jackson Candle Turbidimeter. Water was poured into a tube until a flame underneath the tube could no longer be distinguished. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The turbidity units NTU, FNU, FTU, AND FAU are all based on calibrations using the same formazin primary standards. Therefore when a formazin standard is measured, the value for each of these units will be the same, however the value on samples may differ significantly.&lt;br /&gt;
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		<author><name>Cellsworth</name></author>	</entry>

	<entry>
		<id>http://gcdamp.com/index.php?title=Turbidity&amp;diff=11257</id>
		<title>Turbidity</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://gcdamp.com/index.php?title=Turbidity&amp;diff=11257"/>
				<updated>2026-09-17T20:28:44Z</updated>
		
		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Cellsworth: &lt;/p&gt;
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Nonnative predatory fish like smallmouth bass, green sunfish, brown trout, and rainbow trout are considered a threat to the threatened humpback chub and other native fish in Grand Canyon. These introduced species eat native fish, but impacts are difficult to assess because predation vulnerability depends on the physical conditions under which predation takes place. The timing, duration, and magnitude of turbidity affects the ability of sight-oriented predators like those fish species listed above to find and prey on fish like humpback chub. Turbidity conditions also impact the ability of these nonnative fish to reproduce and establish in reaches of the Colorado River that still experience turbidity events during the summer monsoon season. &lt;br /&gt;
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|class=&amp;quot;MainPageBG&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;width:55%; border:1px solid #cef2e0; background:#f5faff; vertical-align:top; color:#000;&amp;quot;|&lt;br /&gt;
{|width=&amp;quot;100%&amp;quot; cellpadding=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; cellspacing=&amp;quot;5&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;vertical-align:top; background:#f5faff;&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
! &amp;lt;h2 style=&amp;quot;margin:0; background:#cedff2; font-size:120%; font-weight:bold; border:1px solid #a3bfb1; text-align:left; color:#000; padding:0.2em 0.4em;&amp;quot;&amp;gt; [https://www.usgs.gov/centers/sbsc/science/effects-water-clarity-survival-endangered-humpback-chub?qt-science_center_objects=0#qt-science_center_objects Ward et al. 2016. Effects of Water Clarity on Survival of Endangered Humpback Chub]   &amp;lt;/h2&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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We studied how predation vulnerability of juvenile humpback chub changes in response to turbidity. We exposed hatchery-reared juvenile humpback chub and bonytail (a surrogate for humpback chub) to adult rainbow and brown trout at turbidities ranging from 0 (clear water) to 1,000 formazin nephlometric units (FNU). Turbidity as low as 25 FNU reduced predation of bonytail to rainbow trout and led to a 36% increase in survival compared to trials conducted in clear water. Predation vulnerability of bonytail to brown trout at 25 FNU also decreased with increasing turbidity and resulted in a 25% increase in survival. This research suggests that relatively small changes in turbidity may be sufficient to alter predation dynamics of trout on humpback chub in the Colorado River, and that turbidity manipulation may warrant further investigation as a fisheries management tool. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Background &amp;amp; Importance==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Closure of Glen Canyon dam in 1963 resulted in significant changes to the physical environment of the Colorado River in Grand Canyon, including decreased water temperature and reduced turbidity. These changes allowed introduced fish such as rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) and brown trout (Salmo trutta) to flourish, whereas native species such as humpback chub (Gila cypha) declined in abundance and distribution. Humpback chub was listed by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service in 1967 and was given full protection as an endangered species pursuant to the U.S. Endangered Species Act. As Lake Powell filled with water, an estimated 95% of the sediment supply to the Colorado River through Grand Canyon was cut off and deposited into Lake Powell. These changes in turbidity likely contributed to changes in the fish community.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Predation on juvenile humpback chub by rainbow trout and brown trout within the mainstem Colorado River has been identified as a potential cause for humpback chub population declines in Grand Canyon. Investigations of trout diets within the Colorado River indicate that these species eat juvenile native fish, but impacts of trout predation on native fish populations is difficult to predict because predation vulnerability changes with environmental conditions. Turbidity changes the way visual predators such as trout detect prey. As water becomes more turbid and light decreases, the ability of trout to use contrast to successfully identify and react to prey decreases. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Turbidity varies on both a seasonal and annual basis leading to highly variable incidence of piscivory for trout inhabiting this area of the Colorado River. It has been hypothesized that management actions that increase turbidity within the Colorado River could lead to increases in recruitment of native Colorado River fishes by reducing predation mortality. Understanding the relationship between water clarity and predation vulnerability is therefore critical when evaluating management actions designed to benefit native fish species such as humpback chub within the Colorado River. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==General Methods==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
We conducted laboratory experiments to evaluate how short-term predation vulnerability of humpback chub changes in response to turbidity using juvenile captive-reared humpback chub and bonytail (Gila elegans) as prey and wild caught adult rainbow trout and brown trout as predators. Bonytail were included in the experiment because limited numbers of humpback chub are available for research purposes. Bonytail are closely related to humpback chub, native to the Colorado River and its tributaries, and make good surrogates for humpback chub because of similarities in morphology and life history, especially as juveniles. All fish were maintained in separate holding tanks in a temperature controlled greenhouse at the U.S. Forest Service Rocky Mountain Research Station in Flagstaff, AZ.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Predation trials were conducted in 12 replicate 568-liter (~150 gallons) fiberglass tanks that measured 1.2 m (~4’) long by 0.9 m (~3') wide with a water depth of 30 cm (~1’). Four trout of a given species were placed into each tank and 12 humpback chub or bonytail were placed into a cylinder-shaped mesh basket within each tank at the beginning of the trial. All fish were allowed to recover from capture and handling and to acclimate to the predation tanks for a period of 48 hours. Fine sediments were gathered from the lower Paria River near the confluence with the Colorado River and the Little Colorado River directly above Grand Falls. This sediment was sifted through a 63 micron sieve and blended using a standard kitchen blender to obtain a suspension of fine silt and clay particles. This suspension was added gradually at the beginning of the acclimation period and tested using a Hach® 201 turbidimeter until the turbidity stabilized at each target level. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
After the 48-hour acclimation period, turbidity was measured again and additional sediment was added if needed to reach target turbidity levels. Baskets containing prey fish were then tipped over and removed from the tanks with chub being carefully released into each tank, initiating the predation experiment. Tanks were left undisturbed for 24 hours under natural light. After 24 hours, water in each tank was drained and all surviving fish were captured, counted and measured for total length (TL). Experiments took place from October 2013 to May of 2014 and typically began between 8 AM and 10 AM. A total of 124 individual overnight trials were conducted utilizing 256 rainbow trout (223 – 330 mm (~9-13”) TL) and 208 brown trout (193-399 mm (~8-16”) TL). Prey fish consisted of two sizes of juvenile chub, 120 individual humpback chub (41-64 mm (~1.5-2.5”) TL) and 1008 bonytail (60-73 mm (92.5-3”) TL).&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Important Results==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Initial trials with a wide range of turbidity (0 – 1000 formazin nephlometric units (FNU)) using humpback chub revealed that the greatest changes in predation vulnerability occurred at turbidities &amp;lt; 200 FNU.  Subsequent trials using bonytail, conducted at 0 – 150 FNU, indicated that increased turbidity significantly reduced predation vulnerability of bonytail to both rainbow and brown trout, although increases in survival with increasing turbidity were much more pronounced for rainbow trout than for brown trout. An increase in turbidity from clear water to 150 FNU (with all other factors held constant) resulted in a more than 4 fold increase in juvenile chub survival to predation by both rainbow trout (21% to 91%) and brown trout (7% to 35%). &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Abiotic factors like turbidity can have large impacts on biotic interactions and play an important role in structuring animal communities. Our study suggests that rainbow and brown trout are less effective predators on native chub species as turbidity increases, with turbidity as low as 25 FNU reducing predation vulnerability of bonytail to rainbow and brown trout by 36% and 25%, respectively. Our observed decrease in predation vulnerability associated with increases in turbidity is consistent with other published studies conducted in both laboratory and natural environments. This information may be useful in evaluating the ecological implications of turbidity changes caused by Glen Canyon Dam and in evaluating potential management actions aimed at benefitting humpback chub within Grand Canyon. Relatively small changes in turbidity may be sufficient to alter predation dynamics of rainbow trout on humpback chub in the Grand Canyon. Management actions aimed at augmenting sediment below Glen Canyon Dam have been considered, but not implemented because of high cost. Evaluations of low level silt and clay augmentation only, for the purpose of producing turbidity in the 25-50 FNU range, to reduce predation vulnerability of native fishes may warrant further evaluation and field testing. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! &amp;lt;h2 style=&amp;quot;margin:0; background:#cedff2; font-size:120%; font-weight:bold; border:1px solid #a3b0bf; text-align:left; color:#000; padding:0.2em 0.4em;&amp;quot;&amp;gt; [https://academic.oup.com/tafs/article/154/5/469/8209825 Pine et al. 2025. Assessing the potential for Smallmouth Bass population establishment in Grand Canyon] &amp;lt;/h2&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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The expansion of nonnative Smallmouth Bass Micropterus dolomieu into the Grand Canyon ecosystem downstream of Glen Canyon Dam is widely seen as a potential threat to native fishes, particularly the Humpback Chub Gila cypha, which is listed as threatened under the Endangered Species Act. This concern stems from observations in the Green and upper Colorado rivers, where dam- modified habitats and reservoir introductions have allowed Smallmouth Bass to become established and impact native fish species. Our objective was to compare habitat conditions between a Smallmouth Bass population center in the Green River— where Humpback Chub are rare— and two major Humpback Chub population centers in the Colorado River in Grand Canyon, where Smallmouth Bass invasion is a conservation concern, to help assess invasion risk and inform management actions downstream of Glen Canyon Dam.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Methods== &lt;br /&gt;
We developed a conceptual model of Smallmouth Bass recruitment potential emphasizing the roles of temperature, turbidity, and the timing of these conditions, based on literature for Smallmouth Bass and Largemouth Bass Micropterus nigricans. Using U.S. Geological Survey gauge station data, we summarized daily temperature and turbidity patterns near a known Smallmouth Bass population center in the middle Green River (near Jensen, Utah) and compared those with conditions in the Colorado River in Glen Canyon and Grand Canyon downstream from Glen Canyon Dam. We then used our conceptual model of Smallmouth Bass early life history, along with observed turbidity and temperature patterns, to explore how irregular recruitment could affect Smallmouth Bass population dynamics and individual growth potential using an age- structured population model and a bioenergetics model.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Results== &lt;br /&gt;
Although warm reservoir releases due to low water storage in Lake Powell has made temperature regimes in Glen and Grand canyons more similar to those of the middle Green River, the Colorado River ecosystem in Grand Canyon has a very different turbidity regime from that of the middle Green River. The Colorado River in Grand Canyon becomes very turbid during late summer and fall, when tributaries experience flash floods during the North American monsoon season. These periods of high turbidity coincide with critical early life stages of Smallmouth Bass, likely limiting foraging efficiency, growth, and overwinter survival. Our population model indicates that rapidly growing and sustained Smallmouth Bass populations require successful recruitment at least once every 2 years, but empirical data suggest that these conditions occur only every 5–7 years in Grand Canyon. This would make long- term establishment of self- sustaining Smallmouth Bass populations in Grand Canyon unlikely or at least highly uncertain.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Conclusions==&lt;br /&gt;
Despite the presence of nonnative predators, Humpback Chub populations in Grand Canyon have expanded during the past 10–15 years, very likely due to favorably warm river temperature. While Smallmouth Bass in Glen or Marble canyons (between Glen Canyon Dam and the Little Colorado River) may pose a downstream dispersal risk (and potentially a threat to Humpback Chub populations), high turbidity conditions downstream of the Little Colorado River reduce the likelihood of persistent local Smallmouth Bass recruitment. These results suggest that Smallmouth Bass invasion risk to Humpback Chub is not uniform across the Colorado River basin and should be evaluated in the context of the different site- specific water quality and flow regime conditions, other known risks to Humpback Chub, and Humpback Chub population size in different parts of the basin.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! &amp;lt;h2 style=&amp;quot;margin:0; background:#cedff2; font-size:120%; font-weight:bold; border:1px solid #a3b0bf; text-align:left; color:#000; padding:0.2em 0.4em;&amp;quot;&amp;gt; Increasing Turbidity with Sediment Augmentation &amp;lt;/h2&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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[http://www.riversimulator.org/Resources/USBR/LTEP/Randle2007.pdf Randle, T.J., Lyons, J.K., Christensen, R.J., and Stephen, R.D., 2007, Colorado River ecosystem sediment augmentation appraisal engineering report: Bureau of Reclamation, Technical Service Center, Sedimentation and River Hydraulics Group, Denver, Colorado, 71 p.]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Grand Canyon sediment augmentation would have two primary purposes:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
#Seasonally increase the turbidity of the Colorado River to provide cover for native and endangered fish during the months of May through December. This is the period when young-of-the year humpback chub emerge from the Little Colorado River and then rear in the Colorado River (U.S. Department of the Interior, Bureau of Reclamation, 1995). These native fish evolved in a turbid environment and may use it for cover from potential predators.&lt;br /&gt;
#Annually increase the sand supply to the Colorado River during beach-building flows to build larger sandbars, especially in Marble Canyon, through fluvial processes. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Sediment slurry pipelines that would deliver sediment from the Navajo Canyon arm of&lt;br /&gt;
Lake Powell to the Colorado River below Glen Canyon Dam or near Lees Ferry are&lt;br /&gt;
believed to be technically feasible. Five sediment augmentation alternatives have been&lt;br /&gt;
formulated and evaluated. Alternatives are available to deliver fine sediment and sand to&lt;br /&gt;
the Colorado River, either below Glen Canyon Dam or near Lees Ferry.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Attempts have been made to formulate each alternative to minimize environmental&lt;br /&gt;
impacts and to avoid cultural resource impacts. No major environmental impacts for any&lt;br /&gt;
of the five alternatives have been identified at this time.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Sediment source areas in Lake Powell seem to be the most logical choice because of cost&lt;br /&gt;
and because the sediments in Lake Powell would have naturally reached the Colorado&lt;br /&gt;
River below the site of Glen Canyon Dam. Sediment source areas in Navajo Canyon are&lt;br /&gt;
much closer to Glen Canyon Dam than other major source areas in Lake Powell.&lt;br /&gt;
Laboratory analysis of one sediment sample from Navajo Canyon did not detect any&lt;br /&gt;
contaminants above background levels. A more intensive sediment sampling program&lt;br /&gt;
would be needed to verify if this finding is applicable to more of the sediments within&lt;br /&gt;
Navajo Canyon.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Although the present and future sedimentation volumes in Navajo Canyon may not be&lt;br /&gt;
enough to sustain a Grand Canyon sediment augmentation program over the long term,&lt;br /&gt;
the volumes should be sufficient for one or two decades (see figure 8). Sediments in&lt;br /&gt;
Navajo Canyon could be dredged first and then the submerged slurry pipelines and&lt;br /&gt;
floating pumping stations could be moved to an upstream source such as the Escalante&lt;br /&gt;
River or San Juan River deltas.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Sediment slurry pipelines can deliver large quantities of sediment, and over long&lt;br /&gt;
distances, much more efficiently and at less cost than barges or trucks. Submerging&lt;br /&gt;
sediment slurry pipelines in Lake Powell appears to be a viable option with much less&lt;br /&gt;
impact than overland routes from major sediment source areas in Lake Powell where no&lt;br /&gt;
direct roads presently exist.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The augmentation of fine sediment should be considered in conjunction with alternatives&lt;br /&gt;
that would increase the summer water temperatures released from Glen Canyon Dam&lt;br /&gt;
(e.g., selective withdrawal of water from Lake Powell). Native and endangered fish in&lt;br /&gt;
Grand Canyon National Park are impacted by less turbidity and colder water&lt;br /&gt;
temperatures in summer compared to natural conditions (U.S. Department of the Interior,&lt;br /&gt;
Bureau of Reclamation, 1995). Turbidity may provide native fish with cover from&lt;br /&gt;
predation. In the absence of turbid conditions, native fish tend not to be active during the&lt;br /&gt;
day (U.S. Department of the Interior, Bureau of Reclamation, 1995). Although, colder&lt;br /&gt;
water temperatures may impact young-of-the-year native fish in summer, the colder&lt;br /&gt;
temperatures may also keep non-native warm-water fish from migrating upstream&lt;br /&gt;
through Grand Canyon National Park. If water temperatures are increased, there is a&lt;br /&gt;
concern that non-native warm-water fish may have the advantage (U.S. Department of&lt;br /&gt;
the Interior, Bureau of Reclamation, 1995). The augmentation of fine sediment may&lt;br /&gt;
provide the necessary cover for native and endangered fish.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
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{| width=&amp;quot;100%&amp;quot; cellpadding=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; cellspacing=&amp;quot;5&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;vertical-align:top; background:#f5faff;&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
! &amp;lt;h2 style=&amp;quot;margin:0; background:#cedff2; font-size:120%; font-weight:bold; border:1px solid #a3b0bf; text-align:left; color:#000; padding:0.2em 0.4em;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;Links&amp;lt;/h2&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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*[http://gcdamp.com/index.php?title=GCDAMP_Sediment Sediment Page]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://gcdamp.com/index.php/Smallmouth_Bass_Page Smallmouth Bass Page]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://gcdamp.com/index.php/Green_Sunfish_Page Green Sunfish Page]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://gcdamp.com/index.php/Brown_Trout Brown Trout Page]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://gcdamp.com/index.php?title=FISHERY Rainbow Trout Page]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
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*[https://academic.oup.com/tafs/article/154/5/469/8209825 Assessing the potential for Smallmouth Bass population establishment in Grand Canyon]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usgs.gov/centers/sbsc/science/effects-water-clarity-survival-endangered-humpback-chub?qt-science_center_objects=0#qt-science_center_objects Effects of Water Clarity on Survival of Endangered Humpback Chub]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! &amp;lt;h2 style=&amp;quot;margin:0; background:#cedff2; font-size:120%; font-weight:bold; border:1px solid #a3b0bf; text-align:left; color:#000; padding:0.2em 0.4em;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;Turbidity Gages&amp;lt;/h2&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://www.gcmrc.gov/discharge_qw_sediment/station/GCDAMP/09380000 Colorado River at Lees Ferry]&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://www.gcmrc.gov/discharge_qw_sediment/station/GCDAMP/09383050 Colorado River near river mile 30]&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://www.gcmrc.gov/discharge_qw_sediment/station/GCDAMP/09383100 Colorado River above Little Colorado River near Desert View, AZ]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.gcmrc.gov/discharge_qw_sediment/station/GCDAMP/09402500 Colorado River near Grand Canyon, AZ]&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://www.gcmrc.gov/discharge_qw_sediment/station/GCDAMP/09404120 Colorado River above National Canyon near Supai, AZ]&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://www.gcmrc.gov/discharge_qw_sediment/station/GCDAMP/09404200 Colorado River above Diamond Creek near Peach Springs, AZ]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
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Randle et al. (2007) estimated the cost of sediment augmentation from the delta of Navajo Creek within Lake Powell to be approximately $150 million. This estimate contribute enough fines to meet a “200 FNU” condition in the main channel of Marble / Eastern Grand Canyons. Recent studies have shown that as little as 25 FNU might allow for a substantial increase in chub survival from both rainbow and brown trout [https://www.usgs.gov/centers/sbsc/science/effects-water-clarity-survival-endangered-humpback-chub?qt-science_center_objects=0#qt-science_center_objects]. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
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! &amp;lt;h2 style=&amp;quot;margin:0; background:#cedff2; font-size:120%; font-weight:bold; border:1px solid #a3b0bf; text-align:left; color:#000; padding:0.2em 0.4em;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;Presentations and Papers&amp;lt;/h2&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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&lt;br /&gt;
'''2018'''&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/twg/2018-01-25-twg-meeting/AR14.pdf Turbidity as a management tool to constrain Rainbow Trout downstream of the Paria River PPT]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/twg/2018-01-25-twg-meeting/AR12.pdf Effects of HFEs on Growth and Population Dynamics of Rainbow Trout in Glen Canyon and Mable Canyon PPT]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-22-1767-2018 Voichick, N. et al., 2018, Technical note--False low turbidity readings during high suspended-sediment concentrations: Hydrology and Earth System Sciences]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''2016'''&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2016/3053/fs20163053.pdf Voichick et al. 2016. Water clarity of the Colorado River—Implications for food webs and fish communities: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2016–3053]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''1995'''&lt;br /&gt;
*Valdez and Ryel, 1995&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! &amp;lt;h2 style=&amp;quot;margin:0; background:#cedff2; font-size:120%; font-weight:bold; border:1px solid #a3b0bf; text-align:left; color:#000; padding:0.2em 0.4em;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;Other Stuff&amp;lt;/h2&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
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&lt;br /&gt;
*Spring 2002 – HBC “911” Emergency Response – fish biologists report declining trend in adult HBC, the finding results in AMWG’s humpback chub ad hoc committee and consideration of a dozen experimental “management strategies” intended to arrest the decline and conserve humpback chub - one of which is to determine feasibility of importing “fine-sediment” from Lake Powell source areas to the CRe, near the Paria River confluence w/ the Colorado River = turbidity cover for native fish when Paria does not contribute enough fines to meet a “200 FNU” condition in the main channel of Marble / Eastern Grand Canyons.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
*2004-5 – Mechanical Removal project reports abrupt decline in rainbow trout throughout Marble and Grand Canyons at start of Year-3 MR treatment, and this step-change (shown in Coggins et al, 2011, Fig 7, p. 468) coincides with long string of Paria and LCR floods / sediment inputs that occurred from mid-September 2004 through January 2005; including the largest winter Paria River flood in January 2005, since December 1966. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
*2007 – Sediment Augmentation - Randle et al. (2007) deliver final technical feasibility report to AMWG, which declares that sources of fine sediment from the delta of Navajo Creek within Lake Powell could, in fact, be transported around Glen Canyon Dam &amp;amp; delivered to the CRe to manage turbidity of Marble and eastern Grand Canyons, but at a cost ranging from $150 (silt/clay only) – $400 (silt/clay/sand) million w/ annual maintenance of ~$9 million if an extra 1 Tg of sand were also to be augmented for sandbars as well. (estimated costs provide a means to value Paria River sediment provided as “ecosystem service” compliments of Mother Nature.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
*Fall 2010 – Non-Native Trout Control EA / SDM Workshop – fish experts identify 19 options for controlling trout below Lees Ferry, with concept of “turbidity curtain” being rated the most effective long-term strategy (see Runge et al., 2011, p. 29, Table 3, hybrid option E [Sediment curtain (single strategies: 3b, 5e, 6, 13): #13 is long-term strategy to emigration; #5 is the short-term strategy to emigration while infrastructure is being built; #3 is needed in short-term to reduce extant RBT population. Assumptions: RBT and BNT limit HBC recovery, Lees Ferry is the source of RBT, removal @ PBR or sediment curtain])&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==[http://hachcompany.custhelp.com/app/answers/answer_view/a_id/1000336/~/what-is-the-difference-between-the-turbidity-units-ntu,-fnu,-ftu,-and-fau%3F-what Measuring turbidity]==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Question: What is the difference between the turbidity units NTU, FNU, FTU, and FAU? What is a JTU?&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Answer:&lt;br /&gt;
*NTU stands for Nephelometric Turbidity Unit and signifies that the instrument is measuring scattered light from the sample at a 90-degree angle from the incident light. &lt;br /&gt;
*FNU stands for Formazin Nephelometric Units and also signifies that the instrument is measuring scattered light from the sample at a 90-degree angle from the incident light. FNU is most often used when referencing the ISO 7027 (European) turbidity method. &lt;br /&gt;
*NTU is most often used when referencing the USEPA Method 180.1 or Standard Methods For the Examination of Water and Wastewater.  &lt;br /&gt;
*When formazin was initially adopted as the primary reference standard for turbidity, units of FTU or Formazin Turbidity Units were used. These units, however, do not specify how the instrument measures the sample. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
FAU or Formazin Attenuation Units signify that the instrument is measuring the decrease in transmitted light through the sample at an angle of 180 degrees to the incident light. This type of measurement is often made in a spectrophotometer or colorimeter and is not considered a valid turbidity measurement by most regulatory agencies. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
A JTU or Jackson Turbidity Unit is a historical unit used when measurements were made visually using a Jackson Candle Turbidimeter. Water was poured into a tube until a flame underneath the tube could no longer be distinguished. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The turbidity units NTU, FNU, FTU, AND FAU are all based on calibrations using the same formazin primary standards. Therefore when a formazin standard is measured, the value for each of these units will be the same, however the value on samples may differ significantly.&lt;br /&gt;
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		<author><name>Cellsworth</name></author>	</entry>

	<entry>
		<id>http://gcdamp.com/index.php?title=GCDAMP_Sediment&amp;diff=11256</id>
		<title>GCDAMP Sediment</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://gcdamp.com/index.php?title=GCDAMP_Sediment&amp;diff=11256"/>
				<updated>2026-09-17T19:54:58Z</updated>
		
		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Cellsworth: &lt;/p&gt;
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[[File:Paria at mainstem.jpg|center|thumbnail|400px|The Paria River flowing into the mainstem Colorado River‎]]&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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==[http://www.gcmrc.gov/research_areas/sediment_geomorphology/sed/Sed_Geomorph_Home_Page.aspx '''Sediment and Geomorphology''']==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Erosion of sandbars (beaches) along the Colorado River in Grand Canyon was first reported in the early 1970s, approximately 10 years after completion of Glen Canyon Dam. Since then, scientific studies have been conducted to monitor changes in sandbars and changes in the amount of sand stored on the bed of the river. One of the outcomes of these studies has been the implementation of flow experiments intended to rebuild eroded sandbars, especially by the release of controlled floods, also called [http://gcdamp.com/index.php?title=The_HFE_Page '''High Flow Experiments, or HFEs,'''] from Glen Canyon Dam. The sediment and geomorphology projects at Grand Canyon Monitoring and Research Center include the collection and processing of data to provide information needed to conduct controlled floods and to evaluate the outcome of each controlled flood and the long-term effects of controlled floods and normal dam operations on sediment-related resources. [https://www.gcmrc.gov/research_areas/sediment_geomorphology/sed/Sed_Geomorph_Home_Page.aspx]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Beginning in 1998, [http://gcdamp.com/index.php?title=RECREATION '''recreational campsite area'''] has also been measured on a subset of the sandbar monitoring sites. Campsite areas are defined as areas that are flat (less than 8 degree slope), smooth (not rocky), and clear of dense vegetation. Monitoring data show that vegetation expansion and sandbar erosion/deposition contribute to reductions in campsite area.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==[http://gcdamp.com/index.php?title=Long-term_Experimental_and_Management_Plan_(LTEMP) '''LTEMP Resource Goal''']== &lt;br /&gt;
Increase and retain fine sediment volume, area, and distribution in&lt;br /&gt;
the Glen, Marble, and Grand Canyon reaches above the elevation of the&lt;br /&gt;
average base flow for ecological, cultural, and recreational purposes. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==[http://gcdamp.com/index.php?title=Portal:Desired_Future_Conditions_-DFCs '''Desired Future Condition''']==&lt;br /&gt;
High elevation open riparian sediment deposits along the Colorado River in sufficient volume, area, and distribution so as to provide habitat to sustain native biota and desired ecosystem processes&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
• Nearshore habitats for native fish&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
• Marsh and riparian habitat for fish (food chain maintenance)&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
• Cultural resource preservation&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
• Maintenance of camping beaches&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==[[Media:USGS GCMRC Status of LTEMP Metrics Report Dec11 2025-508Comp.pdf| '''Metrics''']]==&lt;br /&gt;
Performance Metric: &lt;br /&gt;
*Sand Bar Volume (includes multiple “sub-metrics”, e.g., normalized sandbar volume by type, mean sand bar response to HFEs) &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Surveillance Metrics: &lt;br /&gt;
*Sand Supply By River Segment (Sand Mass Balance) &lt;br /&gt;
*Silt &amp;amp; Clay Retention by River Segment (Turbidity)&lt;br /&gt;
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{|width=&amp;quot;100%&amp;quot; cellpadding=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; cellspacing=&amp;quot;5&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;vertical-align:top; background:#f5faff;&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
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When the discharge of the Colorado River was lower than about 9,000 ft3/s, sand accumulated in the reach in Marble and upper Grand Canyons. At discharges higher than about 9,000 ft3/s, however, sand-transport rates at the Grand Canyon gaging station generally equaled those at the Lees Ferry gaging station, and at discharges higher than about 16,000 ft3/s, sand-transport rates at the Grand Canyon gaging station generally either equaled or exceeded those at the Lees Ferry gaging station. Thus, at discharges greater than about 9,000 ft3/s, sand was either conveyed through or eroded from the reach in Marble and upper Grand Canyons.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
As discharges less than 9,000 ft3/s became less common, the discharge of the river became progressively more conducive to the conveyance of sand through or the erosion of sand from Marble and upper Grand Canyons. [https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/pp1677/pdf/pp1677.pdf]&lt;br /&gt;
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! &amp;lt;h2 style=&amp;quot;margin:0; background:#cedff2; font-size:120%; font-weight:bold; border:1px solid #a3b0bf; text-align:left; color:#000; padding:0.2em 0.4em;&amp;quot;&amp;gt; How long is sand stored on the bed of the river? &amp;lt;/h2&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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Bedrock-canyon rivers tend to be supply limited because they are efficient transporters of sediment and not because the upstream supply of sediment is small. Following episodic tributary floods that supply finer sand, sand migrates quickly downstream in the form of a wave in which large systematic changes in bed-sand grain size occur. The tributary fine-sediment (i.e., sand, silt, and clay) supply to the Colorado River in our study area is bimodal, with a clay primary mode and a sand-silt secondary mode. The tributary sand supply grades smoothly into the silt-and-clay supply such that the sand-size sediment comprises the coarser part of this secondary mode, which occurs in very fine sand (0.0625–0.125 mm) for the Paria River and in medium silt (0.0156–0.0312 mm) for the LCR. Both tributaries supply more silt and clay to the Colorado River than they do sand. During sediment years 1998–2017, silt and clay comprised 60.6% and 88.1% of the fine sediment supplied by the Paria River and LCR, respectively. Of the total amount of sand supplied since 2011, the Paria River has contributed 57%, the LCR has contributed 21%, and all other tributaries combined have contributed 22%. The largest quantities of sand are supplied by the Paria River and LCR during summer thunderstorm-generated floods that last hours to a day. Large sand loads are rare during winter and spring months on both rivers.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Our late-1990s observations suggested that tributary floods generated sand waves that split into two packets, A and B: packet A was finer than packet B and migrated downstream in the Colorado River with a celerity slightly slower than the water velocity. Packet B migrated much more slowly than packet A; the amalgamated front of packet B had migrated only ∼10 km in the 3 and 10 days after two Paria River floods. The primary peak in QSAND—1/βQ cross covariance decays to background within 7–20 days of a tributary flood at all but the RK49 station, thus indicating that much of packet A exits our study area quickly. The lower celerity of packet B causes the secondary cross-covariance peak to become distinct from the primary peak with increasing distance downstream. '''Following a Paria River flood, the secondary peak (packet B) separates from the primary peak (packet A) between the RK49 and RK99 stations, and it takes ∼198 and ∼290 days for the tail of packet B to respectively reach these stations. Following an LCR flood, packet B separates from packet A upstream from the RK141 station, and it takes ∼261 days for the tail of packet B to reach this station.''' [https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1029/2020JF005565]&lt;br /&gt;
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[[File:SedimentSustainability.PNG|center|thumbnail|500px|https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/twg/2022-01-13-twg-meeting/20220113-AnnualReportingMeeting-ProjectA-StreamflowWaterQualitySedimentTransportBudgetingColoradoRiverEcosystem-508-UCRO.pdf ]] &lt;br /&gt;
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[[File:LongtermDecline.PNG|center|thumbnail|500px|https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/twg/2022-01-13-twg-meeting/20220113-AnnualReportingMeeting-ProjectA-StreamflowWaterQualitySedimentTransportBudgetingColoradoRiverEcosystem-508-UCRO.pdf ]] &lt;br /&gt;
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[[File:SandbarMonitoring2016.jpg|center|thumbnail|500px|[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/rm/amp/twg/mtgs/17jan26/AR3_Grams.pdf https://www.usbr.gov/uc/rm/amp/twg/mtgs/17jan26/AR3_Grams.pdf] ]] &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[File:2012 2014 HFE response.jpg|center|thumbnail|500px|[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/rm/amp/twg/mtgs/15jun11/Attach_02,.pdf https://www.usbr.gov/uc/rm/amp/twg/mtgs/15jun11/Attach_02,.pdf] ]] &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[File:2016 SedimentSummary.jpg|center|thumbnail|500px|[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/rm/amp/twg/mtgs/16jan26/documents/AR02_Grams.pdf https://www.usbr.gov/uc/rm/amp/twg/mtgs/16jan26/documents/AR02_Grams.pdf] ]] &lt;br /&gt;
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{| width=&amp;quot;100%&amp;quot; cellpadding=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; cellspacing=&amp;quot;5&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;vertical-align:top; background:#f5faff;&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
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*[http://www.gcmrc.gov/discharge_qw_sediment/station/GCDAMP/09382000#/ '''Paria River sediment gage'''] Click here to calculate how much sediment has come in from the Paria River.&lt;br /&gt;
*[[GCDAMP The_HFE_Page '''The HFE Page''']] See summaries from past HFEs&lt;br /&gt;
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{| width=&amp;quot;100%&amp;quot; cellpadding=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; cellspacing=&amp;quot;5&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;vertical-align:top; background:#f5faff;&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
! &amp;lt;h2 style=&amp;quot;margin:0; background:#cedff2; font-size:120%; font-weight:bold; border:1px solid #a3b0bf; text-align:left; color:#000; padding:0.2em 0.4em;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;Links and Information&amp;lt;/h2&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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*[http://gcdamp.com/index.php?title=Portal:GCDAMP_Knowlege_Assessments GCMRC Annual Reports page]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.gcmrc.gov/sandbar/ GCMRC Grand Canyon Sandbar Monitoring]&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://gcdamp.com/index.php?title=The_HFE_Page The High Flow Experiment (HFE) Page]&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://gcdamp.com/index.php?title=RECREATION Recreation Page]&lt;br /&gt;
*[[Aeolian Sand Transport|  Aeolian Sand Transport Page]]&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://gcdamp.com/index.php?title=Turbidity Turbidity Page]&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://gcdamp.com/index.php?title=GCDAMP-_Over-Flights Over Flights Page]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
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! &amp;lt;h2 style=&amp;quot;margin:0; background:#cedff2; font-size:120%; font-weight:bold; border:1px solid #a3b0bf; text-align:left; color:#000; padding:0.2em 0.4em;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;[https://www.gcmrc.gov/research_areas/sediment_geomorphology/sed/Sed_Geomorph_Home_Page.aspx Projects]&amp;lt;/h2&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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*[https://www.gcmrc.gov/sandbar/ Sandbar Monitoring]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.gcmrc.gov/research_areas/sediment_geomorphology/sed/Sed_Geomorph_Camp.aspx Campsite Monitoring]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.gcmrc.gov/discharge_qw_sediment/ Suspended Sediment Transport ]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.gcmrc.gov/research_areas/sediment_geomorphology/sed/Sed_Geomorph_Home_Page.aspx Automated Substrate Classification Using Swath Mapping Systems]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.gcmrc.gov/research_areas/sediment_geomorphology/sed/Sed_Geomorph_storage.aspx Sediment Storage]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.gcmrc.gov/research_areas/sediment_geomorphology/sed/Sed_Geomorph_Home_Page.aspx Underwater Photography to Measure Bed Grain Size ]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
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! &amp;lt;h2 style=&amp;quot;margin:0; background:#cedff2; font-size:120%; font-weight:bold; border:1px solid #a3b0bf; text-align:left; color:#000; padding:0.2em 0.4em;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;Sediment Gages&amp;lt;/h2&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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*[https://www.gcmrc.gov/discharge_qw_sediment/station/GCDAMP/GCMRC-GCLT1 Water Holes Canyon above the mouth]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.gcmrc.gov/discharge_qw_sediment/station/GCDAMP/09381800 Paria River near Kanab, UT]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.gcmrc.gov/discharge_qw_sediment/station/GCDAMP/09382000 Paria River at Lees Ferry, AZ]&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://www.gcmrc.gov/discharge_qw_sediment/station/GCDAMP/09380000 Colorado River at Lees Ferry]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.gcmrc.gov/discharge_qw_sediment/station/GCDAMP/GCMRC-MCLT1 Badger Creek below highway 89A near Vermillion Cliffs, AZ]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.gcmrc.gov/discharge_qw_sediment/station/GCDAMP/GCMRC-MCLT2 Tanner Wash below highway 89A near Bitter Springs, AZ]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.gcmrc.gov/discharge_qw_sediment/station/GCDAMP/GCMRC-MCLT3 House Rock Wash above Emmett Wash near Cliff Dwellers, AZ]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.gcmrc.gov/discharge_qw_sediment/station/GCDAMP/GCMRC-MCLT5 North Canyon near Cliff Dwellers, AZ]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.gcmrc.gov/discharge_qw_sediment/station/GCDAMP/GCMRC-MCLT6 Shinumo Wash in Twentynine Mile Canyon near Cedar Ridge, AZ]&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://www.gcmrc.gov/discharge_qw_sediment/station/GCDAMP/09383050 Colorado River near river mile 30]&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://www.gcmrc.gov/discharge_qw_sediment/station/GCDAMP/09383100 Colorado River above Little Colorado River near Desert View, AZ]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.gcmrc.gov/discharge_qw_sediment/station/GCDAMP/09401500 Moenkopi Wash near Cameron, AZ]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.gcmrc.gov/discharge_qw_sediment/station/GCDAMP/09401000 Little Colorado River at Grand Falls, AZ]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.gcmrc.gov/discharge_qw_sediment/station/GCDAMP/09401200 Little Colorado River at Cameron, AZ]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.gcmrc.gov/discharge_qw_sediment/station/GCDAMP/09402000 Little Colorado River near Cameron, AZ]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.gcmrc.gov/discharge_qw_sediment/station/GCDAMP/09402300 Little Colorado River above the mouth near Desert View, AZ]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.gcmrc.gov/discharge_qw_sediment/station/GCDAMP/09402500 Colorado River near Grand Canyon, AZ]&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://www.gcmrc.gov/discharge_qw_sediment/station/GCDAMP/09403000 Bright Angel Creek near Grand Canyon, AZ]&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://www.gcmrc.gov/discharge_qw_sediment/station/GCDAMP/GCMRC-MCLT6 Shinumo Creek]&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://www.gcmrc.gov/discharge_qw_sediment/station/GCDAMP/09403850 Kanab Creek above the mouth near Supai, AZ]&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://www.gcmrc.gov/discharge_qw_sediment/station/GCDAMP/09404115 Havasu Creek above the mouth near Supai, AZ]&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://www.gcmrc.gov/discharge_qw_sediment/station/GCDAMP/09404120 Colorado River above National Canyon near Supai, AZ]&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://www.gcmrc.gov/discharge_qw_sediment/station/GCDAMP/09404200 Colorado River above Diamond Creek near Peach Springs, AZ]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! &amp;lt;h2 style=&amp;quot;margin:0; background:#cedff2; font-size:120%; font-weight:bold; border:1px solid #a3b0bf; text-align:left; color:#000; padding:0.2em 0.4em;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;Sand Mass Balance Reaches in Grand Canyon &amp;lt;/h2&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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*[http://www.gcmrc.gov/discharge_qw_sediment/reach/GCDAMP/09380000/09383050 Upper Marble Canyon]&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://www.gcmrc.gov/discharge_qw_sediment/reach/GCDAMP/09383050/09383100 Lower Marble Canyon] &lt;br /&gt;
*[http://www.gcmrc.gov/discharge_qw_sediment/reach/GCDAMP/09383100/09402500 Eastern Grand Canyon] &lt;br /&gt;
*[http://www.gcmrc.gov/discharge_qw_sediment/reach/GCDAMP/09402500/09404120 East Central Grand Canyon] &lt;br /&gt;
*[http://www.gcmrc.gov/discharge_qw_sediment/reach/GCDAMP/09404120/09404200 West Central Grand Canyon] &lt;br /&gt;
*[http://www.gcmrc.gov/discharge_qw_sediment/reach/GCDAMP/09404200/Pearce%20Ferry Western Grand Canyon and the Lake Mead Delta] &lt;br /&gt;
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|-&lt;br /&gt;
! &amp;lt;h2 style=&amp;quot;margin:0; background:#cedff2; font-size:120%; font-weight:bold; border:1px solid #a3b0bf; text-align:left; color:#000; padding:0.2em 0.4em;&amp;quot;&amp;gt; Presentations and Papers &amp;lt;/h2&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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&lt;br /&gt;
'''2026'''&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/amwg/2026-02-26-amwg-meeting/uc-gcdamp-amwg-interdisciplinarysediment-508-20260226.pdf Interdisciplinary Sediment, Riparian Vegetation, and Cultural Resource Science]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/amwg/2026-02-26-amwg-meeting/uc-gcdamp-amwg-ltempsandmanagement-508-20260226.pdf Evaluation of LTEMP sand management]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/twg/2026-02-05-twg-meeting/uc-gcdamp-arm-riverbed-sandbarresponse-508-20260205.pdf Riverbed and Sandbar Response to Glen Canyon Dam Operations and High-Flow Experiments]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/twg/2026-02-05-twg-meeting/uc-gcdamp-arm-evaluationsandmanagement-508-20260205.pdf Evaluation of LTEMP sand management]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/twg/2026-02-05-twg-meeting/uc-gcdamp-arm-sandmanagement-508-20260205.pdf Reservoir Operational Strategies for Sustainable Sand Management in the Colorado River]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''2025'''&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/twg/2025-04-10-twg-meeting/uc-gcdamp-twg-arm-goal7metrics-508-20250410.pdf Goal 7 Metrics: Sediment]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/twg/2025-04-10-twg-meeting/uc-gcdamp-twg-arm-projecta-508-20250410.pdf Project A: Streamflow, Water Quality, and Sediment Transport and Budgeting in the Colorado River Ecosystem]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''2024'''&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/amwg/2024-02-29-amwg-meeting/20240229-ProjectB-UpdateRiverbedSandbarResponseDamOperationsHFE-508-UCRO.pdf Project B Update and Riverbed and sandbar response to dam operations and high-flow experiments ]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/amwg/2024-02-29-amwg-meeting/20240229-ProjectA-StreamflowWaterQualitySedimentTransportBudgetingColoradoRiverEcosystem-508-UCRO.pdf Project A: Streamflow, Water Quality, and Sediment Transport and Budgeting in the Colorado River Ecosystem ]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/twg/2024-01-25-twg-meeting/20240125-AnnualReportingMeeting-EffectsDamOperationsVegetationManagementPreservationGeomorphicConditionArchaeologicalSites-508-UCRO.pdf Effects of Reservoirs and Stock Ponds on Surface Water Runoff in the Little Colorado River Basin ]&lt;br /&gt;
*[[Media:Sartain_AGU2023_poster_ARM.pdf| Assessing geomorphic change for 454 river km of the Colorado River in Grand Canyon, AZ via continuous and high-resolution water surface and bed profiles&lt;br /&gt;
]]&lt;br /&gt;
*[[Media:Kaplinski_Glen_canyon_flow_model_poster_20240114.pdf| Hydrodynamic modeling of the Colorado River between Glen Canyon Dam and Lees Ferry, Arizona]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''2024'''&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20231093 Griffiths et al., 2024, Changes in sand storage in the Colorado River in Grand Canyon National Park from July 2017 through June 2020]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/twg/2024-01-25-twg-meeting/20240125-AnnualReportingMeeting-ChannelResponseHighFlowsWesternGrandCanyon-508-UCRO.pdf Channel Response to High Flows in Western Grand Canyon ]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/twg/2024-01-25-twg-meeting/20240125-AnnualReportingMeeting-ProjectAStreamflowWaterQualitySedimentTransportBudgetingColoradoRiverEcosystem-508-UCRO.pdf Project A: Streamflow, Water Quality, and Sediment Transport and Budgeting in the Colorado River Ecosystem ]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/twg.html#:~:text=Project%20B%20Update%20and%20Riverbed%20and%20sandbar%20response%20to%20dam%20operations%20and%20high%2Dflow%20experiments Project B Update and Riverbed and sandbar response to dam operations and high-flow experiments ]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''2023'''&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/twg/2023-01-26-twg-meeting/20230126-AnnualReportingMeeting-AContinuousHigh-ResolutionProfileRiverbedWaterSurface460-kmColoradoRiverGrandCanyon-508-UCRO.pdf A Continuous High-Resolution Profile of the Riverbed and Water Surface for 460-km of the Colorado River in Grand Canyon]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/twg/2023-01-26-twg-meeting/20230126-AnnualReportingMeeting-StreamflowSedimentVegetationDynamics-508-UCRO.pdf Project A: Streamflow, Sediment, and Vegetation Dynamics; Implications for Geomorphic Change in the Colorado River and its Tributaries]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/twg/2023-01-26-twg-meeting/20230126-AnnualReportingMeeting-StreamflowWaterQualitySedimentTransportBudgetingColoradoRiverEcosystem-508-UCRO.pdf Project A: Streamflow, Water Quality, and Sediment Transport and Budgeting in the Colorado River Ecosystem]&lt;br /&gt;
*[[Media:ARM_salter.pdf| Numerical Modeling of Mud Transport, Storage, and Release on the Colorado River, Arizona]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''2022'''&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/amwg/2022-08-18-amwg-meeting/20220818-Grams_Sandbars_AMWG_BAO_508.pdf Multi-Decadal Sandbar Response to Flow Management Downstream from a Large Dam-The Glen Canyon Dam on the Colorado River in Marble and Grand Canyons, AZ ]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/amwg/2022-02-10-amwg-meeting/20220210-SummarySedimentSandbarProjects-508-UCRO.pdf Summary of Sediment and Sandbar Projects GCMRC Projects A and B LTEMP Goal 7 ]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/twg/2022-01-13-twg-meeting/20220113-AnnualReportingMeeting-ProjectA-StreamflowWaterQualitySedimentTransportBudgetingColoradoRiverEcosystem-508-UCRO.pdf Project A: Streamflow, Water Quality, and Sediment Transport and Budgeting in the Colorado River Ecosystem ]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''2021'''&lt;br /&gt;
*[[Media:Glen Canyon Sand Augmentation White Paper.pdf| Argonne. 2021. Evaluation of Sand Augmentation for Stabilizing Recreational Beaches and Storing Sand in Glen Canyon National Recreation Area]]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/twg/2021-10-14-twg-meeting/20211014-MorphodynamicModelEvaluateSandbarRebuilding-Presentation-508-UCRO.pdf A simple morphodynamic model to rapidly evaluate sandbar rebuilding during controlled floods]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://doi.org/10.1029/2020JF005565 Topping et al. 2021, Self-limitation of sand storage in a bedrock-canyon river arising from the interaction of flow and grain size: Journal of Geophysical Research: Earth Surface]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://doi.org/10.1029/2021JF006149 Alvarez et al. 2021, An eddy-resolving numerical model to study turbulent flow, sediment, and bed evolution using detached eddy simulation in a lateral separation zone at the field-scale: Journal of Geophysical Research—Earth Surface]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/amwg/2021-02-11-amwg-meeting/20210211-SandSupplyTransportDeposition-508-UCRO.pdf Sand Supply, Transport and Deposition ]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''2020'''&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://doi.org/10.1029/2019JF005226 Rubin et al., 2020, Causes of variability in suspended‐sand concentration evaluated using measurements in the Colorado River in Grand Canyon: JGR Earth Surface]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/amwg/2020-02-12-amwg-meeting/20200212-GCMRCScienceUpdatesPart3-Presentation-508-UCRO.pdf GCMRC 2019 Annual Reporting Meeting Overview – Part 3 ]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://doi.org/10.1130/B35642.1 Chapman et al., 2020, Estimating the contribution of tributary sand inputs to controlled flood deposits for sandbar restoration using elemental tracers, Colorado River, Grand Canyon National Park, Arizona: GSA Bulletin] [https://doi.org/10.5066/P9C0IN56 Associated data]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/twg/2020-01-13-twg-meeting/20200113-AnnualReportingMeeting-ProjectBEffectsDamReleaseSedimentStorageSandbarDynamics-Presentation-508-UCRO.pdf Project B: Effects of dam releases on in-channel sediment storage and sandbar dynamics ]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://doi.org/10.1029/2019WR025883 Ashley et al., 2020, Estimating bedload from suspended load and water discharge in sand bed rivers: Water Resources Research.]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/twg/2020-01-13-twg-meeting/20200113-AnnualReportingMeeting-GeomorphicChangeBiogeomorphicFeedbacksLittleColoradoRiver-Presentation-508-UCRO.pdf Geomorphic Change and Biogeomorphic Feedbacks in the Little Colorado River, Arizona ]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''2019'''&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://doi.org/10.1130/B35047.1 Dean, D.J., and Topping, D.J., 2019, Geomorphic change and biogeomorphic feedbacks in a dryland river--The Little Colorado River, Arizona, USA: GSA Bulletin ]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''2018'''&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://qcnr.usu.edu/wats/colorado_river_studies/files/documents/Rubin.pdf Sand tells a story]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://doi.org/10.5066/P99TN424 Sankey et al., 2018, Sand classifications along the Colorado River in Grand Canyon derived from 2002, 2009, and 2013 high-resolution multispectral airborne imagery: U.S. Geological Survey data release]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/amwg/2018-08-22-amwg-meeting/Attach_12.pdf GCMRC Science Updates PPT]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://doi.org/10.1002/rra.3349 Hadley et al., 2018, Quantifying geomorphic and vegetation change at sandbar campsites in response to flow regulation and controlled floods, Grand Canyon National Park, Arizona: River Research  and Applications]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/twg/2018-01-25-twg-meeting/AR02.pdf Key drivers of sand transport and storage in the Colorado River Ecosystem PPT]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-22-1767-2018 Voichick, N. et al., 2018, Technical note--False low turbidity readings during high suspended-sediment concentrations: Hydrology and Earth System Sciences]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20181019 Grams et al., 2018, Automated remote cameras for monitoring alluvial sandbars on the Colorado River in Grand Canyon, Arizona: Open-File Report]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''2017'''&lt;br /&gt;
*[[Media:Chapman 2017 Thesis-Determining tributary sediment exp flood deposits Marble Canyon ColRiv.pdf| Chapman, K., 2017, Determining the tributary sediment contribution to experimental flood deposits on the Colorado River in Marble Canyon, Grand Canyon, Arizona: Flagstaff, Northern Arizona University, MS thesis]]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/6635 Hamill, D., 2017, Quantifying riverbed sediment using recreational-grade side scan sonar: Logan, Utah State University, MS thesis]&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/2017JF004302 Buscombe et al., 2017, Compositional signatures in acoustic backscatter over vegetated and unvegetated mixed sand-gravel riverbeds: Journal of Geophysical Research: Earth Surface]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geomorph.2017.08.037 Griffiths and Topping, 2017, Importance of measuring discharge and sediment transport in lesser tributaries when closing sediment budgets: Geomorphology]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20171030 Kaplinski et al. 2017. Channel mapping river miles 29–62 of the Colorado River in Grand Canyon National Park, Arizona, May 2009: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2017–1030]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/twg/2017-01-26-twg-meeting/AR1_Topping.pdf Project 1: Streamflow, Water Quality, Sediment Transport, and Sand Budgets in the Colorado River Ecosystem ]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/twg/2017-01-26-twg-meeting/AR2_Dean.pdf Project 2: Hydrologic Change and the Geomorphic Transformation of the Little Colorado River: Implications for Sediment Delivery to the Grand Canyon ]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/twg/2017-01-26-twg-meeting/AR3_Grams.pdf Sandbars and Sediment Storage in Marble and Grand Canyons: Response to Recent High-flow Experiments and Long-term Trends ]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''2016'''&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/pp1823 Topping et al. 2016. Long-term continuous acoustical suspended-sediment measurements in rivers — Theory, application, bias, and error: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1823]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/amwg/2016-08-24-amwg-meeting/Attach_11a.pdf Sandbar Modeling Project Update]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/amwg/2016-08-24-amwg-meeting/Attach_07b.pdf Status of Sediment Resources – August 2016]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/amwg/2016-08-24-amwg-meeting/Attach_07a.pdf Grand Canyon Monitoring and Research Center Science Updates and PPT (BO Compliance, Trout Updates, Green Sunfish, Fisheries PEP, Partners in Science)]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/twg/2016-02-26-twg-meeting/AR03_Buscombe.pdf Observations of sand dune migration on the Colorado River in Grand Canyon using high-resolution multibeam bathymetry]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/twg/2016-02-26-twg-meeting/AR01_Topping.pdf Project 2: Streamflow,  Water Quality, Sediment Transport, and Sand Budgets in the Colorado River Ecosystem]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/twg/2016-02-26-twg-meeting/AR02_Grams.pdf Sandbars and Sediment Storage in Marble and Grand Canyons: Response to Recent high-flow Experiments and Long-Term Trends]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''2015'''&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://eos.org/features/building-sandbars-in-the-grand-canyon Grams et al. 2015. Building Sandbars in the Grand Canyon, EOS, Trans. Am. Geophys. Union]&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://repository.asu.edu/items/30069 Alvarez. 2015. Turbulence, Sediment Transport, Erosion, and Sandbar Beach Failure Processes in Grand Canyon. Ph.D. Dissertation, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://drive.google.com/file/d/0BwY-Z2c3NTUGeUVIWEwyY1l6RUE/view GCMRC Science Update - Sediment]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/twg/2015-06-11-twg-meeting/Attach_02,.pdf GCMRC Science Update - Sediment]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://drive.google.com/file/d/0BwY-Z2c3NTUGQURtV2s3eWJqRHM/view Updates on 2014 HFE, Paria sediment inputs, and sediment mass balance]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/twg/2015-04-21-twg-meeting/Attach_11.pdf Glen Canyon Tailwater Fishery “Integrating Fish and Channel Mapping”]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/twg/2015-04-21-twg-meeting/Attach_13.pdf GCMRC’s Online Mapping and GIS Resources]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/twg/2015-01-20-twg-meeting/Attach_01.pdf Streamflow, Water Quality, and Sediment Transport in the Colorado River Ecosystem]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/twg/2015-01-20-twg-meeting/Attach_02.pdf Sandbars and Sediment Storage in Marble and Grand Canyons: Response to Recent High-flow Experiments and Long-term Trends]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''2014'''&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/amwg/2014-08-27-amwg-meeting/Attach_04a.pdf Science Updates - Recent Research on Sand, Bugs, and Fish ]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/twg/2014-01-30-twg-meeting/AR_Grams_Sandbar_Storage.pdf Sandbars and Sand Storage in Marble and Grand Canyons (Grams) ]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/twg/2014-01-30-twg-meeting/AR_Griffiths_Processing.pdf Processing fine sediment transport data: procedures, processing, and bottlenecks (Griffiths) ]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''2013'''&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://asu.pure.elsevier.com/en/publications/erosion-of-river-sandbars-by-diurnal-stage-fluctuations-in-the-co Alvarez and Schmeeckle. 2013. Erosion of river sandbars by diurnal stage fluctuations in the Colorado river in the Marble and Grand Canyons: Full-scale laboratory experiments]&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://www.usbr.gov/uc/rm/amp/twg/mtgs/13nov06/Attach_02a.pdf GCMRC Update - Status of Resources and Sediment Conditions]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/amwg/2013-08-08-amwg-meeting/Attach_06d.pdf Present Status of Sediment Resources-August 2013]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/amwg/2013-08-08-amwg-meeting/Attach_06a.pdf Science Updates - Overflights, Riparian Vegetation, and Sediment]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/twg/2013-06-26-twg-meeting/Attach_07a.pdf 2013 Overflight Wrap up]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/twg/2013-06-26-twg-meeting/Attach_07b.pdf GCMRC Science Update on Sediment and Fisheries]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/twg/2013-01-24-twg-meeting/15_Topping.pdf Sediment Monitoring Program: Sediment Delivery from Tributaries and Sediment Transport by Colorado River]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/twg/2013-01-24-twg-meeting/16_Grams.pdf Sandbar Monitoring for November 2012 Controlled Flood]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''2012'''&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/amwg/2012-08-29-amwg-meeting/Attach_04a.pdf GCMRC Updates and Sediment Update ]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/twg/2012-06-20-twg-meeting/Attach_09.pdf E-mail to TWG with Sediment Model Link]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/amwg/2012-02-22-amwg-meeting/Attach_08.pdf GCMRC Updates and PPT]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.gcmrc.gov/about/ka/KA%202%20-%201-31-12/PM%20Talks/Grams%200400-0500.pdf Sandbars and In-Channel Sand Storage: Short-Term Dynamics and Long-Term Trends ]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.gcmrc.gov/about/ka/KA%202%20-%201-31-12/PM%20Talks/Topping%200200-0300.pdf Physical controls on sediment deposition, erosion, and transport ]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.gcmrc.gov/about/ka/KA%202%20-%201-31-12/PM%20Talks/Melis%200300-0400.pdf Geomorphic Framework &amp;amp; Role of Debris Flows Suspended-Sediment Transport and Sandbars Glen Canyon Dam Operations -Post-EIS Summary ]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.gcmrc.gov/about/ka/KA%202%20-%201-31-12/PM%20Talks/Schmidt%200100-0200.pdf A Conversation about Rivers and Dams ]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.gcmrc.gov/about/ka/KA%202%20-%202-1-12/PM%20Talks/Wright%200200-0300%20Modeling%20101.pdf Modeling 101 ]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''2011'''&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/amwg/2011-08-24-amwg-meeting/Attach_06.pdf GCMRC Updates]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/twg/2011-06-28-twg-meeting/Attach_05.pdf Update on Sand Mass Balance with Modeling]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''2010'''&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2010/1133/OFR_2010-1133.pdf Wright, S.A., and Grams, P.E., 2010, Evaluation of Water Year 2011 Glen Canyon Dam flow release scenarios on downstream sand storage along the Colorado River in Arizona: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2010-1133]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/twg/2010-11-15-twg-meeting/Attach_11d.pdf Update on Water Quality and 2010 Sand Input ]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/amwg/2010-08-24-amwg-meeting/Attach_03a.pdf Grand Canyon Monitoring and Research Updates and the Following Open File Reports: 1) Evaluation of Water Year 2011 Glen Canyon Dam Flow Release Scenarios on Downstream Sand Storage Along the Colorado River in Arizona, and 2) An Approach to Modeling Sediment Budgets in Supply-limited Rivers]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/amwg/2010-08-24-amwg-meeting/Attach_03b.pdf Report on Sediment Modeling to Support Development of 2011 Hydrograph]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/amwg/2010-08-24-amwg-meeting/Attach_03c.pdf Update on 2010 Sediment Inputs]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/amwg/2010-08-24-amwg-meeting/Attach_12a.pdf Temperature Control Device and Sediment Augmentation Report]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/amwg/2010-08-24-amwg-meeting/Attach_12b.pdf TWG Chair Temperature Control Device/Sediment Augmentation]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/twg/2010-06-29-twg-meeting/Attach_01b.pdf Minutes from June 21, 2010, TWG Webinar/Conference Call with Memo from John Hamill to Shane Capron dated May 17, 2010, Subject: TWG and stakeholder requests for GCMRC to evaluate the effects of various dam operation scenarios on sediment storage and loss in the Grand Canyon with Open File Report 2010-1133]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/twg/2010-06-29-twg-meeting/Attach_10.pdf Mechanics and Modeling of Flow, Sediment Transport and Morphologic Change in Riverine Lateral Separation Zones]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/twg/2010-03-15-twg-meeting/Attach_07.pdf Sediment and Temperature Modeling Update PPT as presented at January 2010 Annual Reporting Meeting]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/twg/2010-01-21-twg-meeting/Attach_07.pdf AIF: Temperature Control Device and Sediment Augmentation and PPT]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''2009'''&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/twg/2009-09-29-twg-meeting/Attach_14.pdf Selective Withdrawal and Sediment Augmentation Update PPT]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/twg/2009-09-29-twg-meeting/Attach_06.pdf Grand Canyon Monitoring and Research Center Updates]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/twg/2009-06-22-twg-meeting/Attach_04.pdf Sandbar Evolution: Extending the Historical Perspective PPT]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/amwg/2009-04-29-amwg-meeting/Attach_03a.pdf AIF: Grand Canyon Monitoring and Research Center (GCMRC) Update]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/amwg/2009-04-29-amwg-meeting/Attach_03d.pdf Water Quality and Sediment, 2008 High Flow Experiment, and Integrated Flow, Temperature, and Sediment Modeling PPT]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/twg/2009-03-16-twg-meeting/Attach_05.pdf Grand Canyon Monitoring and Research Center updates by Program Managers]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/twg/2009-03-16-twg-meeting/Attach_10.pdf Diamond Creek Gage Discontinuation]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''2008'''&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://www.riversimulator.org/Resources/Hydrology/WrightGSA2008.pdf Is there enough sand? Evaluating the fate of Grand Canyon sandbars]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''2003'''&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/pp1677/pdf/pp1677.pdf Topping et al. 2003.  Computation and analysis of the instantaneous-discharge record for the Colorado River at Lees Ferry, Arizona, May 8, 1921 through September 30, 2000: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1677]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''1999'''&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/rm/amp/twg/mtgs/10jun29/Attach_11.pdf Floods and Sandbars in the Grand Canyon, a publication of the Geological Society of America (published in GSA Today, April 1999)]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''1988'''&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1987/0561/report.pdf Schmidt and Graf, 1988, Aggradation and degradation of alluvial sand deposits, 1965 to 1986, OFR 87-561]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! &amp;lt;h2 style=&amp;quot;margin:0; background:#cedff2; font-size:120%; font-weight:bold; border:1px solid #a3b0bf; text-align:left; color:#000; padding:0.2em 0.4em;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;Other Stuff &amp;lt;/h2&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|style=&amp;quot;color:#000;&amp;quot;|&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
----&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
*Eddies occur adjacent to rapids and the flow in the eddy is related to the flow characteristics in the rapid.  Sand bars were typically larger before the dam.(Science Background for HFE Planning- Jack Schmidt, GCMRC_KA 2013)&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://www.usbr.gov/uc/rm/amp/amwg/mtgs/02jan17/Attach_10b.pdf Sediment Presentation- AMWG Jan 2002]&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://www.usbr.gov/uc/rm/amp/amwg/mtgs/02jan17/Attach_10a.pdf Sediment White Paper- AMWG Jan 2002]&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://www.nationalparkstraveler.com/2014/11/high-flows-through-grand-canyon-national-park-met-mixed-reactions25903 The United States Geological Survey estimates that the Colorado River below Glen Canyon Dam only has 6 percent of the sediment that it received before the Glen Canyon Dam was built in the 1960s.]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Flash Flood videos==&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=humwT6ivMt0 Paria River Flash Flood 8/3/16]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sJBl6GXf_EA Buckskin Gulch Flash Flood 8/4/16]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aZp_1KtrzjQ| Buckskin Wash Flash Flood / Debris Flow 2013]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iAw_zIg9BqI Paria River Flash Flood / Debris Flow 8/19/12]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=580HhfKenws Glen Canyon and Page Arizona Flooding May 22 2009] &lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Cellsworth</name></author>	</entry>

	<entry>
		<id>http://gcdamp.com/index.php?title=GCDAMP_Planning&amp;diff=11255</id>
		<title>GCDAMP Planning</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://gcdamp.com/index.php?title=GCDAMP_Planning&amp;diff=11255"/>
				<updated>2026-09-17T19:52:27Z</updated>
		
		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Cellsworth: &lt;/p&gt;
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=='''GCDAMP Planning and Guiding Documents'''==&lt;br /&gt;
The GCDAMP is based on an adaptive environmental assessment and management (AEAM)&lt;br /&gt;
approach to natural resources management (Holling, 1978; Walters, 1986), now commonly&lt;br /&gt;
called ―adaptive management. The approach assumes that managed natural resources will&lt;br /&gt;
always change, that scientific understanding of ecosystems is constantly improving, and that&lt;br /&gt;
natural resource managers need the best available information to make decisions. AEAM unites&lt;br /&gt;
the strengths of different scientific disciplines to meet the information needs of resource&lt;br /&gt;
managers. It encourages scientists and managers to work collaboratively to use scientific&lt;br /&gt;
information in the management process.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
AEAM consists of two parts—adaptive assessment and adaptive management. Assessment&lt;br /&gt;
investigates how ecological systems work and evaluates management alternatives to achieve&lt;br /&gt;
goals. Management involves learning by doing and testing, which may include monitoring&lt;br /&gt;
system responses to natural changes (passive adaptive management) or deliberate&lt;br /&gt;
manipulation of key processes (active adaptive management).&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Adaptive management acknowledges that policies must satisfy social objectives, but policies&lt;br /&gt;
also need to adapt to both changes in understanding and changes in managed systems.&lt;br /&gt;
Managers using an AEAM approach learn how a natural system works and how their actions&lt;br /&gt;
affect the system; this knowledge helps them to perform better in complex and uncertain&lt;br /&gt;
environments. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
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! style=&amp;quot;width=20%; background:#cedff2;&amp;quot; | [http://gcdamp.com/index.php?title=Long-term_Experimental_and_Management_Plan_(LTEMP) Long-term Experimental and Management Plan (LTEMP)] &amp;lt;br&amp;gt; The LTEMP provides the basis for decisions that identify management actions and experimental options that will provide a framework for adaptively managing Glen Canyon Dam operations over the next 20 years (2016-2036)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
! style=&amp;quot;width=20%; background:#cedff2;&amp;quot; | [[LTEMP Science Plan]] &amp;lt;br&amp;gt; The LTEMP Science Plan describe a strategy by which monitoring and research data in the natural and social sciences will be collected, analyzed, and provided to DOI, its bureaus, and to the GCDAMP in support of implementation of LTEMP.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
! style=&amp;quot;width=20%; background:#cedff2;&amp;quot; | [[GCDAMP Strategic Plan]] &amp;lt;br&amp;gt; The GCDAMP Strategic Plan (AMPSP) is a long-term plan drafted in August 2001 by GCDAMP and GCMRC participants that identifies the AMWG’s vision, mission, principles, goals, management objectives, information needs, and management actions.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
! style=&amp;quot;width=20%; background:#cedff2;&amp;quot; | [[Strategic Science Plan]] &amp;lt;br&amp;gt; The GCMRC Strategic Science Plan (SSP) identifies general strategies for the next 5 years to provide science information responsive to the goals, management objectives, and priority questions as described in the AMPSP and other planning direction approved by the AMWG.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
! style=&amp;quot;width=20%; background:#cedff2;&amp;quot; | [[Monitoring and Research Plan]] &amp;lt;br&amp;gt; The GCMRC Monitoring and Research Plan (MRP) specifies (1) core monitoring activities, (2) research and development activities, and (3) long-term experimental activities consistent with the strategies and priorities established in this SSP to be conducted over the next 5 years to address some of the strategic science questions associated with AMWG priority questions. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
! style=&amp;quot;width=20%; background:#cedff2;&amp;quot; | [[Core Monitoring Plan]] &amp;lt;br&amp;gt; The GCMRC Core Monitoring Plan (CMP) describes the consistent, long-term, repeated measurements using scientifically accepted protocols to measure status and trends of key resources to answer specific questions. Core monitoring is implemented on a fixed schedule regardless of budget or other circumstances (for example, water year, experimental flows, temperature control, stocking strategy, nonnative control, etc.) affecting target resources.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
! style=&amp;quot;width=20%; background:#cedff2;&amp;quot; | [[GCDAMP Budget|Triennial Work Plan (TWP)]] &amp;lt;br&amp;gt; The GCMRC Triennial Work Plan (TWP) identifies the scope, objectives, and budget for monitoring and research activities planned for a 3-year period. When completed, the triennial work plan will be consistent with the MRP. &lt;br /&gt;
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{|width=&amp;quot;100%&amp;quot; cellpadding=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; cellspacing=&amp;quot;5&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;vertical-align:top; background:#f5faff;&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
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==''' Vision and Mission '''[http://www.riversimulator.org/Resources/GCDAMP/GCDAMPchronicle/StrategicPlanGCDamp2001.pdf] == &lt;br /&gt;
The combined Vision and Mission statement for the Glen Canyon Dam Adaptive Management Program reads as follows:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
*The Grand Canyon is a homeland for some, sacred to many, and a national treasure for all. In honor of past generations, and on behalf of those of the present and future, we envision an ecosystem where the resources and natural processes are in harmony under a stewardship worthy of the Grand Canyon.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
*We advise the Secretary of the Interior on how best to protect, mitigate adverse impacts to, and improve the integrity of the Colorado River ecosystem affected by Glen Canyon Dam, including natural biological diversity (emphasizing native biodiversity), traditional cultural properties’ spiritual values, and cultural, physical, and recreational resources through the operation of Glen Canyon Dam and other means.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
*We do so in keeping with the federal trust responsibilities to Indian tribes, in compliance with applicable federal, state, and tribal laws, including the water delivery obligations of the Law of the River, and with due consideration to the economic value of power resources.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
*This will be accomplished through our long-term partnership utilizing the best available scientific and other information through an adaptive ecosystem management process. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==''' Principles ''' [http://www.riversimulator.org/Resources/GCDAMP/GCDAMPchronicle/StrategicPlanGCDamp2001.pdf]==&lt;br /&gt;
The nine principles of the Glen Canyon Dam Adaptive Management Program are:&lt;br /&gt;
# The goals represent a set of desired outcomes that together will accomplish our vision and achieve the purpose of the Grand Canyon Protection Act. Some of the objectives and actions that fall under these goals may not be the responsibility of the Adaptive Management Program, and may be funded by other sources, but are included here for completeness.&lt;br /&gt;
# The construction of Glen Canyon Dam and the introduction of non-native species have irreversibly changed the Colorado River ecosystem.&lt;br /&gt;
# Much remains unknown about the Colorado River ecosystem below Glen Canyon Dam and how to achieve the Adaptive Management Program goals.&lt;br /&gt;
# The Colorado River ecosystem is a managed ecosystem. An ecosystem management approach, in lieu of an issues, species, or resources approach, will guide our efforts. Management efforts will prevent any further human-induced extirpation or extinction of native species. &lt;br /&gt;
# An adaptive management approach will be used to achieve Adaptive Management Program goals, through experimentation and monitoring, to meet the intent of the Grand Canyon Protection Act, Glen Canyon Dam Environmental Impact Statement, and the Record of Decision. &lt;br /&gt;
# Dam operations and management actions will be tried that attempt to return ecosystem patterns and processes to their range of natural variability. When this is not appropriate, experiments will be conducted to test other approaches.&lt;br /&gt;
# Because management actions to achieve a goal may benefit one resource or value and adversely affect another, those action alternatives that benefit all resources and values will be pursued first. When this is not possible, actions that have a neutral impact, or as a last resort, actions that minimize negative impacts on other resources, will be pursued consistent with the Glen Canyon Dam Environmental Impact Statement and the Record of Decision.&lt;br /&gt;
# If the target of a management objective proves to be inappropriate, unrealistic, or unattainable, the Adaptive Management Program will reevaluate that target and the methods used to attain it.&lt;br /&gt;
# Recognizing the diverse perspectives and spiritual values of the stakeholders, the unique aesthetic value of the Grand Canyon will be respected and enhanced. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=='''Priorities of the GCDAMP'''==&lt;br /&gt;
The GCDAMP priorities are set by the GCPA of 1992, the LTEMP FEIS, and ROD, and related mitigation requirements for endangered species and cultural resources. The GCDAMP priorities include the management and experimental actions; mitigation and environmental commitments; and research and monitoring identified in the L TEMP FEIS and ROD, and these will be the highest priorities for GCDAMP over the term of the LTEMP. [https://ltempeis.anl.gov/documents/docs/LTEMP_ROD.pdf]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==''' GCDAMP Goals ''' ==&lt;br /&gt;
The original 12 goals of the Adaptive Management Program were: &lt;br /&gt;
# Protect or improve the [http://gcdamp.com/index.php?title=FOOD_BASE '''aquatic food base'''] so that it will support viable populations of desired species at higher trophic levels&lt;br /&gt;
# Maintain or attain viable populations of existing [http://gcdamp.com/index.php?title=FISH '''native fish'''], remove jeopardy for [http://gcdamp.com/index.php?title=Humpback_Chub_Page '''humpback chub'''] and [http://gcdamp.com/index.php?title=GCDAMP_RAZU_Fish '''razorback sucker'''], and prevent adverse modification to their critical habitats&lt;br /&gt;
# Restore populations of [http://gcdamp.com/index.php?title=EXTIRPATED '''extirpated species'''], as feasible and advisable&lt;br /&gt;
# Maintain a naturally reproducing population of [http://gcdamp.com/index.php?title=FISHERY '''rainbow trout'''] above the Paria River, to the extent practicable and consistent with the maintenance of viable populations of native fish&lt;br /&gt;
# Maintain or attain viable populations of [http://gcdamp.com/index.php?title=Kanab_Ambersnail-_EP '''Kanab Ambersnail''']&lt;br /&gt;
# Protect or improve the [http://gcdamp.com/index.php?title=ECOSYSTEM '''biotic riparian and spring communities'''], including threatened and endangered species and their critical habitat&lt;br /&gt;
# Establish [http://gcdamp.com/index.php?title=WATER_QUALITY '''water temperature, quality, and flow dynamics'''] to achieve the GCDAMP ecosystem goals&lt;br /&gt;
# Maintain or attain levels of [http://gcdamp.com/index.php?title=GCDAMP_Sediment '''sediment'''] storage within the main channel and along shorelines to achieve the GCDAMP ecosystem goals&lt;br /&gt;
# Maintain or improve the quality of [http://gcdamp.com/index.php?title=RECREATION '''recreational experiences'''] for users of the Colorado River ecosystem, within the framework of the GCDAMP ecosystem goals&lt;br /&gt;
# Maintain [http://gcdamp.com/index.php?title=HYDROPOWER '''power production capacity and energy generation'''], and increase where feasible and advisable, within the framework of the GCDAMP ecosystem goals&lt;br /&gt;
# Preserve, protect, manage, and treat [http://gcdamp.com/index.php?title=CULTURAL '''cultural resources'''] for the inspiration and benefit of past, present, and future generations&lt;br /&gt;
# Maintain a high-quality [http://gcdamp.com/index.php?title=Science_Advisors '''monitoring, research, and adaptive management program'''] [http://www.riversimulator.org/Resources/GCDAMP/GCDAMPchronicle/StrategicPlanGCDamp2001.pdf]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== '''Five Priority Questions''' ==&lt;br /&gt;
In August 2004, the AMWG reviewed these goals and identified five priority questions to help guide the GCDAMP science program:&lt;br /&gt;
# Why are the [http://gcdamp.com/index.php?title=Humpback_Chub_Page '''humpback chub'''] not thriving, and what can we do about it? How many humpback chub are there and how are they doing?&lt;br /&gt;
# Which [http://gcdamp.com/index.php?title=CULTURAL '''cultural resources'''], including traditional cultural properties, are within the area of potential effect, which should we treat, and how do we best protect them? What is the status and trends of cultural resources and what are the agents of deterioration?&lt;br /&gt;
# What is the best [http://gcdamp.com/index.php?title=GCDAMP_Glen_Canyon_Dam '''flow regime''']?&lt;br /&gt;
# What is the impact of [http://gcdamp.com/index.php?title=GCDAMP_Sediment '''sediment'''] loss and what should we do about it?&lt;br /&gt;
# What will happen when a [http://gcdamp.com/index.php?title=TEMPERATURE '''temperature control device'''] is tested or implemented? How should it be operated? Are safeguards needed for management?&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The GCMRC will use these five priority questions as the primary, but not exclusive, basis for designing the science program. &lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
==[https://gcdamp.com/index.php/Portal:Desired_Future_Conditions_-DFCs '''Desired Future Conditions -DFCs''']==&lt;br /&gt;
The 2011 Desired Future Conditions (DFCs) were intended to be used within the Adaptive Management Program (AMP), including by the Adaptive Management Work Group (AMWG), to help guide the development of recommendations concerning management of Glen Canyon Dam operations and related activities, and dam impacts on Grand Canyon National Park (GCNP) and Glen Canyon National Recreation Area (GCNRA). &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== '''Objectives and Resource Goals of the 2016 LTEMP''' [http://ltempeis.anl.gov/documents/final-eis/vol1/Chapter_1-Introduction.pdf (LTEMP FEIS Section 1.4, pages 1-10 to 1-12)]==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
During the LTEMP process, Reclamation and NPS developed resource goals considering public input and [http://gcdamp.com/index.php?title=Portal:Desired_Future_Conditions_-DFCs '''Desired Future Conditions (DFCs)'''] previously adopted by the Adaptive Management Work Group (AMWG). The following resource goals were identified:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
# '''[http://gcdamp.com/index.php?title=CULTURAL Archaeological and Cultural Resources].''' Maintain the integrity of potentially affected NRHP-eligible or listed historic properties in place, where possible, with preservation methods employed on a site-specific basis.&lt;br /&gt;
# '''[http://gcdamp.com/index.php?title=ECOSYSTEM Natural Processes].''' Restore, to the extent practicable, ecological patterns and processes within their range of natural variability, including the natural abundance, diversity, and genetic and ecological integrity of the plant and animal species native to those ecosystems.&lt;br /&gt;
# '''[http://gcdamp.com/index.php?title=Humpback_Chub_Page Humpback Chub].''' Meet humpback chub recovery goals, including maintaining a self-sustaining population, spawning habitat, and aggregations in the Colorado River and its tributaries below the Glen Canyon Dam.&lt;br /&gt;
# '''[http://gcdamp.com/index.php?title=HYDROPOWER Hydropower and Energy].''' Maintain or increase Glen Canyon Dam electric energy generation, load following capability, and ramp rate capability, and minimize emissions and costs to the greatest extent practicable, consistent with improvement and long-term sustainability of downstream resources.&lt;br /&gt;
# '''[http://gcdamp.com/index.php?title=FISH Other Native Fish Species].''' Maintain self-sustaining native fish species populations and their habitats in their natural ranges on the Colorado River and its tributaries. &lt;br /&gt;
# '''[http://gcdamp.com/index.php?title=RECREATION Recreational Experience].''' Maintain and improve the quality of recreational experiences for the users of the Colorado River Ecosystem. Recreation includes, but is not limited to, flatwater and whitewater boating, river corridor camping, and angling in Glen Canyon.&lt;br /&gt;
# '''[http://gcdamp.com/index.php?title=GCDAMP_Sediment Sediment].''' Increase and retain fine sediment volume, area, and distribution in the Glen, Marble, and Grand Canyon reaches above the elevation of the average base flow for ecological, cultural, and recreational purposes.&lt;br /&gt;
# '''[http://gcdamp.com/index.php?title=Tribal_Resources Tribal Resources].''' Maintain the diverse values and resources of traditionally associated Tribes along the Colorado River corridor through Glen, Marble, and Grand Canyons.&lt;br /&gt;
# '''[http://gcdamp.com/index.php?title=FISHERY Rainbow Trout Fishery].''' Achieve a healthy high-quality recreational rainbow trout fishery in GCNRA and reduce or eliminate downstream trout migration consistent with NPS fish management and ESA compliance.&lt;br /&gt;
# '''[http://gcdamp.com/index.php?title=Nonnative_Invasive_Aquatic_Species Nonnative Invasive Species].''' Minimize or reduce the presence and expansion of aquatic nonnative invasive species.&lt;br /&gt;
# '''[http://gcdamp.com/index.php?title=Riparian_Vegetation Riparian Vegetation].''' Maintain native vegetation and wildlife habitat, in various stages of maturity, such that they are diverse, healthy, productive, self-sustaining, and ecologically appropriate.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=='''2016 LTEMP ROD'''==&lt;br /&gt;
The 2016 LTEMP ROD states that DOI will work in consultation with the AMWG to update GCDAMP guiding documents (e.g., GCDAMP strategic plan, vision, mission, and charters) to reflect and be fully consistent with the priorities expressed in the FEIS and in this ROD. The goals and objectives in Section l.4 of the LTEMP FEIS will be carried forward as the goals in the GCDAMP guiding documents. Processes and documents will be evaluated and streamlined or combined as necessary. The DOI, in consultation with the AMWG, will develop monitoring metrics for the goals and objectives using those in Appendix C of the FEIS as a starting point. [https://ltempeis.anl.gov/documents/docs/LTEMP_ROD.pdf]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
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*[http://gcdamp.com/index.php?title=Long-term_Experimental_and_Management_Plan_(LTEMP) 2016 Long-term Experimental and Management Plan (LTEMP)]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://gcdamp.com/index.php/LTEMP_Metrics LTEMP Metrics page]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2017/1006/ofr20171006.pdf 2016 LTEMP Science Plan ]&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://www.riversimulator.org/Resources/NRC/Downstream_NAS_GCDAMP.pdf Downstream- Adaptive Management of Glen Canyon Dam and the Colorado River Ecosystem]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://gcdamp.com/index.php/Core_Monitoring_Plan 2011-2015 Core Monitoring Plan (draft)]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://gcdamp.com/index.php/Strategic_Science_Plan 2007-2011 Strategic Science Plan]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://gcdamp.com/index.php/Monitoring_and_Research_Plan 2003 Monitoring and Research Plan]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://gcdamp.com/index.php/GCDAMP_Strategic_Plan 2001 Strategic Plan]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://gcdamp.com/index.php/GCDAMP_Budget Triennial Budget and Workplans (TWPs) ]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://gcdamp.com/index.php/Portal:GCDAMP_Knowlege_Assessments Knowledge Assessments, Annual Reporting Meetings, and SCORE Reports]&lt;br /&gt;
*[[PEP reviews]]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://gcdamp.com/index.php/Portal:GCDAMP_DOI_Direction DOI Direction]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://gcdamp.com/index.php/Portal:Desired_Future_Conditions_-DFCs Desired Future Conditions (DFCs)]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
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! &amp;lt;h2 style=&amp;quot;margin:0; background:#cedff2; font-size:120%; font-weight:bold; border:1px solid #a3b0bf; text-align:left; color:#000; padding:0.2em 0.4em;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;Science Questions and Information Needs&amp;lt;/h2&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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*[[Media:2012 Core Research Questions.doc| 2012 Core Research Questions]]&lt;br /&gt;
*[[Media:2005 Core Monitoring Information Needs.docx| 2005 Core Monitoring Information Needs]]&lt;br /&gt;
*[[Media:2004 GCDAMP Goals&amp;amp;PriorityQuestions.docx| 2004 GCDAMP Goals and AMWG Priority Questions]]&lt;br /&gt;
*[[Media:Strategic Science Questions.docx| AMWG priority questions and Strategic Science Questions (SSQs)]]&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;  &lt;br /&gt;
*[[Media:Research Information Needs.docx| Research Information Needs]] &amp;lt;br&amp;gt; &lt;br /&gt;
*[[Media:Science Advisors Information Needs.docx| Science Advisors Information Needs]]&amp;lt;br&amp;gt; &lt;br /&gt;
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'''2025'''&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/twg/2024-10-30-twg-meeting/20241030-GlenCanyonDamAdaptiveManagementProgramGuidingDocuments-508-AMWQD.pdf Glen Canyon Dam Adaptive Management Program Guiding Documents]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''2022'''&lt;br /&gt;
*[[Media:Grand Canyon 2022 Question about AMP 2nd version.docx| 2022 AMWG river trip: Question about AMP]]&lt;br /&gt;
*[[Media:Grand Canyon 2022 AMP Vision and Mission fourth version with track changes.docx| 2022 AMWG river trip: Discussions on the AMP Vision and Mission]]&lt;br /&gt;
*[[Media:Grand Canyon 2022 Discussion about the TWG and AMWG second version.docx| 2022 AMWG river trip: Discussion about the TWG and AMWG]]&lt;br /&gt;
*[[Media:Grand Canyon 2022 Small Mouth Bass second version.docx| 2022 AMWG river trip: Discussions on Grand Canyon Smallmouth Bass]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''2018'''&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/amwg/2018-08-22-amwg-meeting/Attach_01.pdf GCDAMP Program Goals PPT]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/rm/amp/twg/mtgs/18apr23/Attach_04.pdf AMWG Desired Future Conditions PPT]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/rm/amp/amwg/mtgs/18feb14/Attach_04a.pdf AMWG Desired Future Conditions PPT]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''2014'''&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://www.usbr.gov/uc/rm/amp/amwg/mtgs/14may27/Attach_02h.pdf Memo from Executive Committee to TWG Chair Dated May 19, 2014, Subject: Preliminary Review Comments on GCMRC Science Plan]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''2012'''&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/rm/amp/amwg/mtgs/12feb22/Attach_04.pdf Desired Future Conditions and Ad Hoc DFC Review Committee Comments]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''2011'''&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/rm/amp/twg/mtgs/11mar08/Attach_09b.pdf A Prospectus to Evaluate Tradeoff and Decision Support Methods for the GCDAMP PPT]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''2010'''&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/rm/amp/twg/mtgs/10nov15/Attach_14.pdf The use of Bayesian networks to guide investments in flow and catchment restoration for impaired river ecosystems by B. Stewart-Koster, et. al.]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/rm/amp/twg/mtgs/10nov15/Attach_15.pdf Causal Criteria Methods Manual - Methods for applying the multiple lines and levels of evidence (MLLE) ecosystems by B. Stewart-Koster.]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/rm/amp/amwg/mtgs/10aug24/Attach_04.pdf Science and Management Presentation and Discussion with Report: &amp;quot;Evaluating Criteria Guiding Transition of Science and Management Activities in Adaptive Management Programs&amp;quot;]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/rm/amp/amwg/mtgs/10aug24/Attach_09b.pdf Morris K. Udall Foundation Brochure on Workable Solutions to Environmental Conflict]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/rm/amp/amwg/mtgs/10feb03/Attach_05b.pdf Glen Canyon Dam Adaptive Management Program Published Research on Experimental Activities]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/rm/amp/amwg/mtgs/10feb03/Attach_17.pdf AIF: Scientific Controls in Adaptive Management and PPT]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/rm/amp/twg/mtgs/10jan21/Attach_08.pdf Evaluating Criteria Guiding Transition of Science Activities to Management Actions in Adaptive Management Programs PPT]&lt;br /&gt;
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'''2008'''&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/amwg/2008-05-22-amwg-meeting/Attach_16.pdf USGS Workshop on Scientific Aspects of a Long-Term Experimental Plan for Glen Canyon Dam, April 10–11, 2007, Flagstaff, Arizona]&lt;br /&gt;
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		<author><name>Cellsworth</name></author>	</entry>

	<entry>
		<id>http://gcdamp.com/index.php?title=Turbidity&amp;diff=11254</id>
		<title>Turbidity</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://gcdamp.com/index.php?title=Turbidity&amp;diff=11254"/>
				<updated>2026-09-17T19:48:34Z</updated>
		
		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Cellsworth: &lt;/p&gt;
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Nonnative predatory fish like smallmouth bass, green sunfish, brown trout, and rainbow trout are considered a threat to the threatened humpback chub and other native fish in Grand Canyon. These introduced species eat native fish, but impacts are difficult to assess because predation vulnerability depends on the physical conditions under which predation takes place. The timing, duration, and magnitude of turbidity affects the ability of sight-oriented predators like those fish species listed above to find and prey on fish like humpback chub. Turbidity conditions also impact the ability of these nonnative fish to reproduce and establish in reaches of the Colorado River that still experience turbidity events during the summer monsoon season. &lt;br /&gt;
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{|width=&amp;quot;100%&amp;quot; cellpadding=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; cellspacing=&amp;quot;5&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;vertical-align:top; background:#f5faff;&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
! &amp;lt;h2 style=&amp;quot;margin:0; background:#cedff2; font-size:120%; font-weight:bold; border:1px solid #a3bfb1; text-align:left; color:#000; padding:0.2em 0.4em;&amp;quot;&amp;gt; [https://www.usgs.gov/centers/sbsc/science/effects-water-clarity-survival-endangered-humpback-chub?qt-science_center_objects=0#qt-science_center_objects Ward et al. 2016. Effects of Water Clarity on Survival of Endangered Humpback Chub]   &amp;lt;/h2&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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We studied how predation vulnerability of juvenile humpback chub changes in response to turbidity. We exposed hatchery-reared juvenile humpback chub and bonytail (a surrogate for humpback chub) to adult rainbow and brown trout at turbidities ranging from 0 (clear water) to 1,000 formazin nephlometric units (FNU). Turbidity as low as 25 FNU reduced predation of bonytail to rainbow trout and led to a 36% increase in survival compared to trials conducted in clear water. Predation vulnerability of bonytail to brown trout at 25 FNU also decreased with increasing turbidity and resulted in a 25% increase in survival. This research suggests that relatively small changes in turbidity may be sufficient to alter predation dynamics of trout on humpback chub in the Colorado River, and that turbidity manipulation may warrant further investigation as a fisheries management tool. &lt;br /&gt;
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==Background &amp;amp; Importance==&lt;br /&gt;
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Closure of Glen Canyon dam in 1963 resulted in significant changes to the physical environment of the Colorado River in Grand Canyon, including decreased water temperature and reduced turbidity. These changes allowed introduced fish such as rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) and brown trout (Salmo trutta) to flourish, whereas native species such as humpback chub (Gila cypha) declined in abundance and distribution. Humpback chub was listed by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service in 1967 and was given full protection as an endangered species pursuant to the U.S. Endangered Species Act. As Lake Powell filled with water, an estimated 95% of the sediment supply to the Colorado River through Grand Canyon was cut off and deposited into Lake Powell. These changes in turbidity likely contributed to changes in the fish community.&lt;br /&gt;
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Predation on juvenile humpback chub by rainbow trout and brown trout within the mainstem Colorado River has been identified as a potential cause for humpback chub population declines in Grand Canyon. Investigations of trout diets within the Colorado River indicate that these species eat juvenile native fish, but impacts of trout predation on native fish populations is difficult to predict because predation vulnerability changes with environmental conditions. Turbidity changes the way visual predators such as trout detect prey. As water becomes more turbid and light decreases, the ability of trout to use contrast to successfully identify and react to prey decreases. &lt;br /&gt;
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Turbidity varies on both a seasonal and annual basis leading to highly variable incidence of piscivory for trout inhabiting this area of the Colorado River. It has been hypothesized that management actions that increase turbidity within the Colorado River could lead to increases in recruitment of native Colorado River fishes by reducing predation mortality. Understanding the relationship between water clarity and predation vulnerability is therefore critical when evaluating management actions designed to benefit native fish species such as humpback chub within the Colorado River. &lt;br /&gt;
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==General Methods==&lt;br /&gt;
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We conducted laboratory experiments to evaluate how short-term predation vulnerability of humpback chub changes in response to turbidity using juvenile captive-reared humpback chub and bonytail (Gila elegans) as prey and wild caught adult rainbow trout and brown trout as predators. Bonytail were included in the experiment because limited numbers of humpback chub are available for research purposes. Bonytail are closely related to humpback chub, native to the Colorado River and its tributaries, and make good surrogates for humpback chub because of similarities in morphology and life history, especially as juveniles. All fish were maintained in separate holding tanks in a temperature controlled greenhouse at the U.S. Forest Service Rocky Mountain Research Station in Flagstaff, AZ.&lt;br /&gt;
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Predation trials were conducted in 12 replicate 568-liter (~150 gallons) fiberglass tanks that measured 1.2 m (~4’) long by 0.9 m (~3') wide with a water depth of 30 cm (~1’). Four trout of a given species were placed into each tank and 12 humpback chub or bonytail were placed into a cylinder-shaped mesh basket within each tank at the beginning of the trial. All fish were allowed to recover from capture and handling and to acclimate to the predation tanks for a period of 48 hours. Fine sediments were gathered from the lower Paria River near the confluence with the Colorado River and the Little Colorado River directly above Grand Falls. This sediment was sifted through a 63 micron sieve and blended using a standard kitchen blender to obtain a suspension of fine silt and clay particles. This suspension was added gradually at the beginning of the acclimation period and tested using a Hach® 201 turbidimeter until the turbidity stabilized at each target level. &lt;br /&gt;
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After the 48-hour acclimation period, turbidity was measured again and additional sediment was added if needed to reach target turbidity levels. Baskets containing prey fish were then tipped over and removed from the tanks with chub being carefully released into each tank, initiating the predation experiment. Tanks were left undisturbed for 24 hours under natural light. After 24 hours, water in each tank was drained and all surviving fish were captured, counted and measured for total length (TL). Experiments took place from October 2013 to May of 2014 and typically began between 8 AM and 10 AM. A total of 124 individual overnight trials were conducted utilizing 256 rainbow trout (223 – 330 mm (~9-13”) TL) and 208 brown trout (193-399 mm (~8-16”) TL). Prey fish consisted of two sizes of juvenile chub, 120 individual humpback chub (41-64 mm (~1.5-2.5”) TL) and 1008 bonytail (60-73 mm (92.5-3”) TL).&lt;br /&gt;
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==Important Results==&lt;br /&gt;
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Initial trials with a wide range of turbidity (0 – 1000 formazin nephlometric units (FNU)) using humpback chub revealed that the greatest changes in predation vulnerability occurred at turbidities &amp;lt; 200 FNU.  Subsequent trials using bonytail, conducted at 0 – 150 FNU, indicated that increased turbidity significantly reduced predation vulnerability of bonytail to both rainbow and brown trout, although increases in survival with increasing turbidity were much more pronounced for rainbow trout than for brown trout. An increase in turbidity from clear water to 150 FNU (with all other factors held constant) resulted in a more than 4 fold increase in juvenile chub survival to predation by both rainbow trout (21% to 91%) and brown trout (7% to 35%). &lt;br /&gt;
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Abiotic factors like turbidity can have large impacts on biotic interactions and play an important role in structuring animal communities. Our study suggests that rainbow and brown trout are less effective predators on native chub species as turbidity increases, with turbidity as low as 25 FNU reducing predation vulnerability of bonytail to rainbow and brown trout by 36% and 25%, respectively. Our observed decrease in predation vulnerability associated with increases in turbidity is consistent with other published studies conducted in both laboratory and natural environments. This information may be useful in evaluating the ecological implications of turbidity changes caused by Glen Canyon Dam and in evaluating potential management actions aimed at benefitting humpback chub within Grand Canyon. Relatively small changes in turbidity may be sufficient to alter predation dynamics of rainbow trout on humpback chub in the Grand Canyon. Management actions aimed at augmenting sediment below Glen Canyon Dam have been considered, but not implemented because of high cost. Evaluations of low level silt and clay augmentation only, for the purpose of producing turbidity in the 25-50 FNU range, to reduce predation vulnerability of native fishes may warrant further evaluation and field testing. &lt;br /&gt;
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! &amp;lt;h2 style=&amp;quot;margin:0; background:#cedff2; font-size:120%; font-weight:bold; border:1px solid #a3b0bf; text-align:left; color:#000; padding:0.2em 0.4em;&amp;quot;&amp;gt; [https://academic.oup.com/tafs/article/154/5/469/8209825 Pine et al. 2025. Assessing the potential for Smallmouth Bass population establishment in Grand Canyon] &amp;lt;/h2&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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The expansion of nonnative Smallmouth Bass Micropterus dolomieu into the Grand Canyon ecosystem downstream of Glen Canyon Dam is widely seen as a potential threat to native fishes, particularly the Humpback Chub Gila cypha, which is listed as threatened under the Endangered Species Act. This concern stems from observations in the Green and upper Colorado rivers, where dam- modified habitats and reservoir introductions have allowed Smallmouth Bass to become established and impact native fish species. Our objective was to compare habitat conditions between a Smallmouth Bass population center in the Green River— where Humpback Chub are rare— and two major Humpback Chub population centers in the Colorado River in Grand Canyon, where Smallmouth Bass invasion is a conservation concern, to help assess invasion risk and inform management actions downstream of Glen Canyon Dam.&lt;br /&gt;
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==Methods== &lt;br /&gt;
We developed a conceptual model of Smallmouth Bass recruitment potential emphasizing the roles of temperature, turbidity, and the timing of these conditions, based on literature for Smallmouth Bass and Largemouth Bass Micropterus nigricans. Using U.S. Geological Survey gauge station data, we summarized daily temperature and turbidity patterns near a known Smallmouth Bass population center in the middle Green River (near Jensen, Utah) and compared those with conditions in the Colorado River in Glen Canyon and Grand Canyon downstream from Glen Canyon Dam. We then used our conceptual model of Smallmouth Bass early life history, along with observed turbidity and temperature patterns, to explore how irregular recruitment could affect Smallmouth Bass population dynamics and individual growth potential using an age- structured population model and a bioenergetics model.&lt;br /&gt;
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==Results== &lt;br /&gt;
Although warm reservoir releases due to low water storage in Lake Powell has made temperature regimes in Glen and Grand canyons more similar to those of the middle Green River, the Colorado River ecosystem in Grand Canyon has a very different turbidity regime from that of the middle Green River. The Colorado River in Grand Canyon becomes very turbid during late summer and fall, when tributaries experience flash floods during the North American monsoon season. These periods of high turbidity coincide with critical early life stages of Smallmouth Bass, likely limiting foraging efficiency, growth, and overwinter survival. Our population model indicates that rapidly growing and sustained Smallmouth Bass populations require successful recruitment at least once every 2 years, but empirical data suggest that these conditions occur only every 5–7 years in Grand Canyon. This would make long- term establishment of self- sustaining Smallmouth Bass populations in Grand Canyon unlikely or at least highly uncertain.&lt;br /&gt;
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==Conclusions==&lt;br /&gt;
Despite the presence of nonnative predators, Humpback Chub populations in Grand Canyon have expanded during the past 10–15 years, very likely due to favorably warm river temperature. While Smallmouth Bass in Glen or Marble canyons (between Glen Canyon Dam and the Little Colorado River) may pose a downstream dispersal risk (and potentially a threat to Humpback Chub populations), high turbidity conditions downstream of the Little Colorado River reduce the likelihood of persistent local Smallmouth Bass recruitment. These results suggest that Smallmouth Bass invasion risk to Humpback Chub is not uniform across the Colorado River basin and should be evaluated in the context of the different site- specific water quality and flow regime conditions, other known risks to Humpback Chub, and Humpback Chub population size in different parts of the basin.&lt;br /&gt;
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*[http://gcdamp.com/index.php?title=GCDAMP_Sediment Sediment Page]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://gcdamp.com/index.php/Smallmouth_Bass_Page Smallmouth Bass Page]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://gcdamp.com/index.php/Green_Sunfish_Page Green Sunfish Page]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://gcdamp.com/index.php/Brown_Trout Brown Trout Page]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://gcdamp.com/index.php?title=FISHERY Rainbow Trout Page]&lt;br /&gt;
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*[https://academic.oup.com/tafs/article/154/5/469/8209825 Assessing the potential for Smallmouth Bass population establishment in Grand Canyon]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usgs.gov/centers/sbsc/science/effects-water-clarity-survival-endangered-humpback-chub?qt-science_center_objects=0#qt-science_center_objects Effects of Water Clarity on Survival of Endangered Humpback Chub]&lt;br /&gt;
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! &amp;lt;h2 style=&amp;quot;margin:0; background:#cedff2; font-size:120%; font-weight:bold; border:1px solid #a3b0bf; text-align:left; color:#000; padding:0.2em 0.4em;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;Turbidity Gages&amp;lt;/h2&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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*[http://www.gcmrc.gov/discharge_qw_sediment/station/GCDAMP/09380000 Colorado River at Lees Ferry]&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://www.gcmrc.gov/discharge_qw_sediment/station/GCDAMP/09383050 Colorado River near river mile 30]&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://www.gcmrc.gov/discharge_qw_sediment/station/GCDAMP/09383100 Colorado River above Little Colorado River near Desert View, AZ]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.gcmrc.gov/discharge_qw_sediment/station/GCDAMP/09402500 Colorado River near Grand Canyon, AZ]&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://www.gcmrc.gov/discharge_qw_sediment/station/GCDAMP/09404120 Colorado River above National Canyon near Supai, AZ]&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://www.gcmrc.gov/discharge_qw_sediment/station/GCDAMP/09404200 Colorado River above Diamond Creek near Peach Springs, AZ]&lt;br /&gt;
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Randle et al. (2007) estimated the cost of sediment augmentation from the delta of Navajo Creek within Lake Powell to be approximately $150 million. This estimate contribute enough fines to meet a “200 FNU” condition in the main channel of Marble / Eastern Grand Canyons. Recent studies have shown that as little as 25 FNU might allow for a substantial increase in chub survival from both rainbow and brown trout [https://www.usgs.gov/centers/sbsc/science/effects-water-clarity-survival-endangered-humpback-chub?qt-science_center_objects=0#qt-science_center_objects]. &lt;br /&gt;
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*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/twg/2018-01-25-twg-meeting/AR14.pdf Turbidity as a management tool to constrain Rainbow Trout downstream of the Paria River PPT]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/twg/2018-01-25-twg-meeting/AR12.pdf Effects of HFEs on Growth and Population Dynamics of Rainbow Trout in Glen Canyon and Mable Canyon PPT]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-22-1767-2018 Voichick, N. et al., 2018, Technical note--False low turbidity readings during high suspended-sediment concentrations: Hydrology and Earth System Sciences]&lt;br /&gt;
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'''2016'''&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2016/3053/fs20163053.pdf Voichick et al. 2016. Water clarity of the Colorado River—Implications for food webs and fish communities: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2016–3053]&lt;br /&gt;
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*Valdez and Ryel, 1995&lt;br /&gt;
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*Spring 2002 – HBC “911” Emergency Response – fish biologists report declining trend in adult HBC, the finding results in AMWG’s humpback chub ad hoc committee and consideration of a dozen experimental “management strategies” intended to arrest the decline and conserve humpback chub - one of which is to determine feasibility of importing “fine-sediment” from Lake Powell source areas to the CRe, near the Paria River confluence w/ the Colorado River = turbidity cover for native fish when Paria does not contribute enough fines to meet a “200 FNU” condition in the main channel of Marble / Eastern Grand Canyons.&lt;br /&gt;
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*2004-5 – Mechanical Removal project reports abrupt decline in rainbow trout throughout Marble and Grand Canyons at start of Year-3 MR treatment, and this step-change (shown in Coggins et al, 2011, Fig 7, p. 468) coincides with long string of Paria and LCR floods / sediment inputs that occurred from mid-September 2004 through January 2005; including the largest winter Paria River flood in January 2005, since December 1966. &lt;br /&gt;
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*2007 – Sediment Augmentation - Randle et al. (2007) deliver final technical feasibility report to AMWG, which declares that sources of fine sediment from the delta of Navajo Creek within Lake Powell could, in fact, be transported around Glen Canyon Dam &amp;amp; delivered to the CRe to manage turbidity of Marble and eastern Grand Canyons, but at a cost ranging from $150 (silt/clay only) – $400 (silt/clay/sand) million w/ annual maintenance of ~$9 million if an extra 1 Tg of sand were also to be augmented for sandbars as well. (estimated costs provide a means to value Paria River sediment provided as “ecosystem service” compliments of Mother Nature.&lt;br /&gt;
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*Fall 2010 – Non-Native Trout Control EA / SDM Workshop – fish experts identify 19 options for controlling trout below Lees Ferry, with concept of “turbidity curtain” being rated the most effective long-term strategy (see Runge et al., 2011, p. 29, Table 3, hybrid option E [Sediment curtain (single strategies: 3b, 5e, 6, 13): #13 is long-term strategy to emigration; #5 is the short-term strategy to emigration while infrastructure is being built; #3 is needed in short-term to reduce extant RBT population. Assumptions: RBT and BNT limit HBC recovery, Lees Ferry is the source of RBT, removal @ PBR or sediment curtain])&lt;br /&gt;
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==[http://hachcompany.custhelp.com/app/answers/answer_view/a_id/1000336/~/what-is-the-difference-between-the-turbidity-units-ntu,-fnu,-ftu,-and-fau%3F-what Measuring turbidity]==&lt;br /&gt;
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Question: What is the difference between the turbidity units NTU, FNU, FTU, and FAU? What is a JTU?&lt;br /&gt;
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Answer:&lt;br /&gt;
*NTU stands for Nephelometric Turbidity Unit and signifies that the instrument is measuring scattered light from the sample at a 90-degree angle from the incident light. &lt;br /&gt;
*FNU stands for Formazin Nephelometric Units and also signifies that the instrument is measuring scattered light from the sample at a 90-degree angle from the incident light. FNU is most often used when referencing the ISO 7027 (European) turbidity method. &lt;br /&gt;
*NTU is most often used when referencing the USEPA Method 180.1 or Standard Methods For the Examination of Water and Wastewater.  &lt;br /&gt;
*When formazin was initially adopted as the primary reference standard for turbidity, units of FTU or Formazin Turbidity Units were used. These units, however, do not specify how the instrument measures the sample. &lt;br /&gt;
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FAU or Formazin Attenuation Units signify that the instrument is measuring the decrease in transmitted light through the sample at an angle of 180 degrees to the incident light. This type of measurement is often made in a spectrophotometer or colorimeter and is not considered a valid turbidity measurement by most regulatory agencies. &lt;br /&gt;
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A JTU or Jackson Turbidity Unit is a historical unit used when measurements were made visually using a Jackson Candle Turbidimeter. Water was poured into a tube until a flame underneath the tube could no longer be distinguished. &lt;br /&gt;
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The turbidity units NTU, FNU, FTU, AND FAU are all based on calibrations using the same formazin primary standards. Therefore when a formazin standard is measured, the value for each of these units will be the same, however the value on samples may differ significantly.&lt;br /&gt;
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		<author><name>Cellsworth</name></author>	</entry>

	<entry>
		<id>http://gcdamp.com/index.php?title=Turbidity&amp;diff=11253</id>
		<title>Turbidity</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://gcdamp.com/index.php?title=Turbidity&amp;diff=11253"/>
				<updated>2026-09-17T19:11:36Z</updated>
		
		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Cellsworth: &lt;/p&gt;
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Nonnative predatory fish like smallmouth bass, green sunfish, brown trout, and rainbow trout are considered a threat to the threatened humpback chub and other native fish in Grand Canyon. These introduced species eat native fish, but impacts are difficult to assess because predation vulnerability depends on the physical conditions under which predation takes place. The timing, duration, and magnitude of turbidity affects the ability of sight-oriented predators like those fish species listed above to find and prey on fish like humpback chub. Turbidity conditions also impact the ability of these nonnative fish to reproduce and establish in reaches of the Colorado River that still experience turbidity events during the summer monsoon season. &lt;br /&gt;
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{|width=&amp;quot;100%&amp;quot; cellpadding=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; cellspacing=&amp;quot;5&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;vertical-align:top; background:#f5faff;&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
! &amp;lt;h2 style=&amp;quot;margin:0; background:#cedff2; font-size:120%; font-weight:bold; border:1px solid #a3bfb1; text-align:left; color:#000; padding:0.2em 0.4em;&amp;quot;&amp;gt; [https://www.usgs.gov/centers/sbsc/science/effects-water-clarity-survival-endangered-humpback-chub?qt-science_center_objects=0#qt-science_center_objects Ward et al. 2016. Effects of Water Clarity on Survival of Endangered Humpback Chub]   &amp;lt;/h2&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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We studied how predation vulnerability of juvenile humpback chub changes in response to turbidity. We exposed hatchery-reared juvenile humpback chub and bonytail (a surrogate for humpback chub) to adult rainbow and brown trout at turbidities ranging from 0 (clear water) to 1,000 formazin nephlometric units (FNU). Turbidity as low as 25 FNU reduced predation of bonytail to rainbow trout and led to a 36% increase in survival compared to trials conducted in clear water. Predation vulnerability of bonytail to brown trout at 25 FNU also decreased with increasing turbidity and resulted in a 25% increase in survival. This research suggests that relatively small changes in turbidity may be sufficient to alter predation dynamics of trout on humpback chub in the Colorado River, and that turbidity manipulation may warrant further investigation as a fisheries management tool. &lt;br /&gt;
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==Background &amp;amp; Importance==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Closure of Glen Canyon dam in 1963 resulted in significant changes to the physical environment of the Colorado River in Grand Canyon, including decreased water temperature and reduced turbidity. These changes allowed introduced fish such as rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) and brown trout (Salmo trutta) to flourish, whereas native species such as humpback chub (Gila cypha) declined in abundance and distribution. Humpback chub was listed by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service in 1967 and was given full protection as an endangered species pursuant to the U.S. Endangered Species Act. As Lake Powell filled with water, an estimated 95% of the sediment supply to the Colorado River through Grand Canyon was cut off and deposited into Lake Powell. These changes in turbidity likely contributed to changes in the fish community.&lt;br /&gt;
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Predation on juvenile humpback chub by rainbow trout and brown trout within the mainstem Colorado River has been identified as a potential cause for humpback chub population declines in Grand Canyon. Investigations of trout diets within the Colorado River indicate that these species eat juvenile native fish, but impacts of trout predation on native fish populations is difficult to predict because predation vulnerability changes with environmental conditions. Turbidity changes the way visual predators such as trout detect prey. As water becomes more turbid and light decreases, the ability of trout to use contrast to successfully identify and react to prey decreases. &lt;br /&gt;
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Turbidity varies on both a seasonal and annual basis leading to highly variable incidence of piscivory for trout inhabiting this area of the Colorado River. It has been hypothesized that management actions that increase turbidity within the Colorado River could lead to increases in recruitment of native Colorado River fishes by reducing predation mortality. Understanding the relationship between water clarity and predation vulnerability is therefore critical when evaluating management actions designed to benefit native fish species such as humpback chub within the Colorado River. &lt;br /&gt;
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==General Methods==&lt;br /&gt;
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We conducted laboratory experiments to evaluate how short-term predation vulnerability of humpback chub changes in response to turbidity using juvenile captive-reared humpback chub and bonytail (Gila elegans) as prey and wild caught adult rainbow trout and brown trout as predators. Bonytail were included in the experiment because limited numbers of humpback chub are available for research purposes. Bonytail are closely related to humpback chub, native to the Colorado River and its tributaries, and make good surrogates for humpback chub because of similarities in morphology and life history, especially as juveniles. All fish were maintained in separate holding tanks in a temperature controlled greenhouse at the U.S. Forest Service Rocky Mountain Research Station in Flagstaff, AZ.&lt;br /&gt;
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Predation trials were conducted in 12 replicate 568-liter (~150 gallons) fiberglass tanks that measured 1.2 m (~4’) long by 0.9 m (~3') wide with a water depth of 30 cm (~1’). Four trout of a given species were placed into each tank and 12 humpback chub or bonytail were placed into a cylinder-shaped mesh basket within each tank at the beginning of the trial. All fish were allowed to recover from capture and handling and to acclimate to the predation tanks for a period of 48 hours. Fine sediments were gathered from the lower Paria River near the confluence with the Colorado River and the Little Colorado River directly above Grand Falls. This sediment was sifted through a 63 micron sieve and blended using a standard kitchen blender to obtain a suspension of fine silt and clay particles. This suspension was added gradually at the beginning of the acclimation period and tested using a Hach® 201 turbidimeter until the turbidity stabilized at each target level. &lt;br /&gt;
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After the 48-hour acclimation period, turbidity was measured again and additional sediment was added if needed to reach target turbidity levels. Baskets containing prey fish were then tipped over and removed from the tanks with chub being carefully released into each tank, initiating the predation experiment. Tanks were left undisturbed for 24 hours under natural light. After 24 hours, water in each tank was drained and all surviving fish were captured, counted and measured for total length (TL). Experiments took place from October 2013 to May of 2014 and typically began between 8 AM and 10 AM. A total of 124 individual overnight trials were conducted utilizing 256 rainbow trout (223 – 330 mm (~9-13”) TL) and 208 brown trout (193-399 mm (~8-16”) TL). Prey fish consisted of two sizes of juvenile chub, 120 individual humpback chub (41-64 mm (~1.5-2.5”) TL) and 1008 bonytail (60-73 mm (92.5-3”) TL).&lt;br /&gt;
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==Important Results==&lt;br /&gt;
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Initial trials with a wide range of turbidity (0 – 1000 formazin nephlometric units (FNU)) using humpback chub revealed that the greatest changes in predation vulnerability occurred at turbidities &amp;lt; 200 FNU.  Subsequent trials using bonytail, conducted at 0 – 150 FNU, indicated that increased turbidity significantly reduced predation vulnerability of bonytail to both rainbow and brown trout, although increases in survival with increasing turbidity were much more pronounced for rainbow trout than for brown trout. An increase in turbidity from clear water to 150 FNU (with all other factors held constant) resulted in a more than 4 fold increase in juvenile chub survival to predation by both rainbow trout (21% to 91%) and brown trout (7% to 35%). &lt;br /&gt;
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Abiotic factors like turbidity can have large impacts on biotic interactions and play an important role in structuring animal communities. Our study suggests that rainbow and brown trout are less effective predators on native chub species as turbidity increases, with turbidity as low as 25 FNU reducing predation vulnerability of bonytail to rainbow and brown trout by 36% and 25%, respectively. Our observed decrease in predation vulnerability associated with increases in turbidity is consistent with other published studies conducted in both laboratory and natural environments. This information may be useful in evaluating the ecological implications of turbidity changes caused by Glen Canyon Dam and in evaluating potential management actions aimed at benefitting humpback chub within Grand Canyon. Relatively small changes in turbidity may be sufficient to alter predation dynamics of rainbow trout on humpback chub in the Grand Canyon. Management actions aimed at augmenting sediment below Glen Canyon Dam have been considered, but not implemented because of high cost. Evaluations of low level silt and clay augmentation only, for the purpose of producing turbidity in the 25-50 FNU range, to reduce predation vulnerability of native fishes may warrant further evaluation and field testing. &lt;br /&gt;
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! &amp;lt;h2 style=&amp;quot;margin:0; background:#cedff2; font-size:120%; font-weight:bold; border:1px solid #a3b0bf; text-align:left; color:#000; padding:0.2em 0.4em;&amp;quot;&amp;gt; [https://academic.oup.com/tafs/article/154/5/469/8209825 Pine et al. 2025. Assessing the potential for Smallmouth Bass population establishment in Grand Canyon] &amp;lt;/h2&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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The expansion of nonnative Smallmouth Bass Micropterus dolomieu into the Grand Canyon ecosystem downstream of Glen Canyon Dam is widely seen as a potential threat to native fishes, particularly the Humpback Chub Gila cypha, which is listed as threatened under the Endangered Species Act. This concern stems from observations in the Green and upper Colorado rivers, where dam- modified habitats and reservoir introductions have allowed Smallmouth Bass to become established and impact native fish species. Our objective was to compare habitat conditions between a Smallmouth Bass population center in the Green River— where Humpback Chub are rare— and two major Humpback Chub population centers in the Colorado River in Grand Canyon, where Smallmouth Bass invasion is a conservation concern, to help assess invasion risk and inform management actions downstream of Glen Canyon Dam.&lt;br /&gt;
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==Methods== &lt;br /&gt;
We developed a conceptual model of Smallmouth Bass recruitment potential emphasizing the roles of temperature, turbidity, and the timing of these conditions, based on literature for Smallmouth Bass and Largemouth Bass Micropterus nigricans. Using U.S. Geological Survey gauge station data, we summarized daily temperature and turbidity patterns near a known Smallmouth Bass population center in the middle Green River (near Jensen, Utah) and compared those with conditions in the Colorado River in Glen Canyon and Grand Canyon downstream from Glen Canyon Dam. We then used our conceptual model of Smallmouth Bass early life history, along with observed turbidity and temperature patterns, to explore how irregular recruitment could affect Smallmouth Bass population dynamics and individual growth potential using an age- structured population model and a bioenergetics model.&lt;br /&gt;
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==Results== &lt;br /&gt;
Although warm reservoir releases due to low water storage in Lake Powell has made temperature regimes in Glen and Grand canyons more similar to those of the middle Green River, the Colorado River ecosystem in Grand Canyon has a very different turbidity regime from that of the middle Green River. The Colorado River in Grand Canyon becomes very turbid during late summer and fall, when tributaries experience flash floods during the North American monsoon season. These periods of high turbidity coincide with critical early life stages of Smallmouth Bass, likely limiting foraging efficiency, growth, and overwinter survival. Our population model indicates that rapidly growing and sustained Smallmouth Bass populations require successful recruitment at least once every 2 years, but empirical data suggest that these conditions occur only every 5–7 years in Grand Canyon. This would make long- term establishment of self- sustaining Smallmouth Bass populations in Grand Canyon unlikely or at least highly uncertain.&lt;br /&gt;
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==Conclusions==&lt;br /&gt;
Despite the presence of nonnative predators, Humpback Chub populations in Grand Canyon have expanded during the past 10–15 years, very likely due to favorably warm river temperature. While Smallmouth Bass in Glen or Marble canyons (between Glen Canyon Dam and the Little Colorado River) may pose a downstream dispersal risk (and potentially a threat to Humpback Chub populations), high turbidity conditions downstream of the Little Colorado River reduce the likelihood of persistent local Smallmouth Bass recruitment. These results suggest that Smallmouth Bass invasion risk to Humpback Chub is not uniform across the Colorado River basin and should be evaluated in the context of the different site- specific water quality and flow regime conditions, other known risks to Humpback Chub, and Humpback Chub population size in different parts of the basin.&lt;br /&gt;
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*[http://gcdamp.com/index.php?title=GCDAMP_Sediment Sediment Page]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://gcdamp.com/index.php/Smallmouth_Bass_Page Smallmouth Bass Page]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://gcdamp.com/index.php/Green_Sunfish_Page Green Sunfish Page]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://gcdamp.com/index.php/Brown_Trout Brown Trout Page]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://gcdamp.com/index.php?title=FISHERY Rainbow Trout Page]&lt;br /&gt;
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*[https://academic.oup.com/tafs/article/154/5/469/8209825 Assessing the potential for Smallmouth Bass population establishment in Grand Canyon]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usgs.gov/centers/sbsc/science/effects-water-clarity-survival-endangered-humpback-chub?qt-science_center_objects=0#qt-science_center_objects Effects of Water Clarity on Survival of Endangered Humpback Chub]&lt;br /&gt;
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*[http://www.gcmrc.gov/discharge_qw_sediment/station/GCDAMP/09380000 Colorado River at Lees Ferry]&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://www.gcmrc.gov/discharge_qw_sediment/station/GCDAMP/09383050 Colorado River near river mile 30]&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://www.gcmrc.gov/discharge_qw_sediment/station/GCDAMP/09383100 Colorado River above Little Colorado River near Desert View, AZ]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.gcmrc.gov/discharge_qw_sediment/station/GCDAMP/09402500 Colorado River near Grand Canyon, AZ]&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://www.gcmrc.gov/discharge_qw_sediment/station/GCDAMP/09404120 Colorado River above National Canyon near Supai, AZ]&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://www.gcmrc.gov/discharge_qw_sediment/station/GCDAMP/09404200 Colorado River above Diamond Creek near Peach Springs, AZ]&lt;br /&gt;
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Randle et al. (2007) estimated the cost of sediment augmentation from the delta of Navajo Creek within Lake Powell to be approximately $150 million. This estimate contribute enough fines to meet a “200 FNU” condition in the main channel of Marble / Eastern Grand Canyons. Recent studies have shown that as little as 25 FNU might allow for a substantial increase in chub survival from both rainbow and brown trout [https://www.usgs.gov/centers/sbsc/science/effects-water-clarity-survival-endangered-humpback-chub?qt-science_center_objects=0#qt-science_center_objects]. What would be cost estimate for doing sediment augmentation to reach this reduced turbidity target?&lt;br /&gt;
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'''2018'''&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/twg/2018-01-25-twg-meeting/AR14.pdf Turbidity as a management tool to constrain Rainbow Trout downstream of the Paria River PPT]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/twg/2018-01-25-twg-meeting/AR12.pdf Effects of HFEs on Growth and Population Dynamics of Rainbow Trout in Glen Canyon and Mable Canyon PPT]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-22-1767-2018 Voichick, N. et al., 2018, Technical note--False low turbidity readings during high suspended-sediment concentrations: Hydrology and Earth System Sciences]&lt;br /&gt;
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'''2016'''&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2016/3053/fs20163053.pdf Voichick et al. 2016. Water clarity of the Colorado River—Implications for food webs and fish communities: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2016–3053]&lt;br /&gt;
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'''1995'''&lt;br /&gt;
*Valdez and Ryel, 1995&lt;br /&gt;
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*Spring 2002 – HBC “911” Emergency Response – fish biologists report declining trend in adult HBC, the finding results in AMWG’s humpback chub ad hoc committee and consideration of a dozen experimental “management strategies” intended to arrest the decline and conserve humpback chub - one of which is to determine feasibility of importing “fine-sediment” from Lake Powell source areas to the CRe, near the Paria River confluence w/ the Colorado River = turbidity cover for native fish when Paria does not contribute enough fines to meet a “200 FNU” condition in the main channel of Marble / Eastern Grand Canyons.&lt;br /&gt;
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*2004-5 – Mechanical Removal project reports abrupt decline in rainbow trout throughout Marble and Grand Canyons at start of Year-3 MR treatment, and this step-change (shown in Coggins et al, 2011, Fig 7, p. 468) coincides with long string of Paria and LCR floods / sediment inputs that occurred from mid-September 2004 through January 2005; including the largest winter Paria River flood in January 2005, since December 1966. &lt;br /&gt;
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*2007 – Sediment Augmentation - Randle et al. (2007) deliver final technical feasibility report to AMWG, which declares that sources of fine sediment from the delta of Navajo Creek within Lake Powell could, in fact, be transported around Glen Canyon Dam &amp;amp; delivered to the CRe to manage turbidity of Marble and eastern Grand Canyons, but at a cost ranging from $150 (silt/clay only) – $400 (silt/clay/sand) million w/ annual maintenance of ~$9 million if an extra 1 Tg of sand were also to be augmented for sandbars as well. (estimated costs provide a means to value Paria River sediment provided as “ecosystem service” compliments of Mother Nature.&lt;br /&gt;
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*Fall 2010 – Non-Native Trout Control EA / SDM Workshop – fish experts identify 19 options for controlling trout below Lees Ferry, with concept of “turbidity curtain” being rated the most effective long-term strategy (see Runge et al., 2011, p. 29, Table 3, hybrid option E [Sediment curtain (single strategies: 3b, 5e, 6, 13): #13 is long-term strategy to emigration; #5 is the short-term strategy to emigration while infrastructure is being built; #3 is needed in short-term to reduce extant RBT population. Assumptions: RBT and BNT limit HBC recovery, Lees Ferry is the source of RBT, removal @ PBR or sediment curtain])&lt;br /&gt;
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==[http://hachcompany.custhelp.com/app/answers/answer_view/a_id/1000336/~/what-is-the-difference-between-the-turbidity-units-ntu,-fnu,-ftu,-and-fau%3F-what Measuring turbidity]==&lt;br /&gt;
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Question: What is the difference between the turbidity units NTU, FNU, FTU, and FAU? What is a JTU?&lt;br /&gt;
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Answer:&lt;br /&gt;
*NTU stands for Nephelometric Turbidity Unit and signifies that the instrument is measuring scattered light from the sample at a 90-degree angle from the incident light. &lt;br /&gt;
*FNU stands for Formazin Nephelometric Units and also signifies that the instrument is measuring scattered light from the sample at a 90-degree angle from the incident light. FNU is most often used when referencing the ISO 7027 (European) turbidity method. &lt;br /&gt;
*NTU is most often used when referencing the USEPA Method 180.1 or Standard Methods For the Examination of Water and Wastewater.  &lt;br /&gt;
*When formazin was initially adopted as the primary reference standard for turbidity, units of FTU or Formazin Turbidity Units were used. These units, however, do not specify how the instrument measures the sample. &lt;br /&gt;
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FAU or Formazin Attenuation Units signify that the instrument is measuring the decrease in transmitted light through the sample at an angle of 180 degrees to the incident light. This type of measurement is often made in a spectrophotometer or colorimeter and is not considered a valid turbidity measurement by most regulatory agencies. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
A JTU or Jackson Turbidity Unit is a historical unit used when measurements were made visually using a Jackson Candle Turbidimeter. Water was poured into a tube until a flame underneath the tube could no longer be distinguished. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The turbidity units NTU, FNU, FTU, AND FAU are all based on calibrations using the same formazin primary standards. Therefore when a formazin standard is measured, the value for each of these units will be the same, however the value on samples may differ significantly.&lt;br /&gt;
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&amp;lt;Span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/Span&amp;gt;&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Cellsworth</name></author>	</entry>

	<entry>
		<id>http://gcdamp.com/index.php?title=2027-2028_Operating_Guidelines&amp;diff=11252</id>
		<title>2027-2028 Operating Guidelines</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://gcdamp.com/index.php?title=2027-2028_Operating_Guidelines&amp;diff=11252"/>
				<updated>2026-09-11T17:26:33Z</updated>
		
		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Cellsworth: &lt;/p&gt;
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==2027-2028 Operating Guidelines==&lt;br /&gt;
Several reservoir and water management decisional documents and agreements that govern the operation of Colorado River facilities and management of the Colorado River are scheduled to expire at the end of 2026. These include the 2007 Colorado River Interim Guidelines for Lower Basin Shortages and Coordinated Operations for Lake Powell and Lake Mead (2007 Interim Guidelines), the 2019 Drought Contingency Plans, as well as international agreements between the United States and Mexico pursuant to the United States-Mexico Treaty on Utilization of Waters of the Colorado and Tijuana Rivers and of the Rio Grande (1944 Water Treaty).&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The Post-2026 process was a multi-year NEPA process that set out to develop long-term successor operating guidelines for Lake Powell and Lake Mead to replace expiring agreements. The process was formally initiated in June 2023 with the Notice of Intent to prepare an Environmental Impact Statement (EIS). Throughout the process, extensive stakeholder engagement occurred, with a particular focus on developing a range of alternatives over a two‑and‑a‑half‑year period. Six alternatives were developed and evaluated to capture a broad range of operational concepts and potential environmental impacts, though consensus on long‑term operations was not reached. After the publication of the Final EIS on July 31, 2026, the process is concluding with issuance of the Record of Decision on August 21, 2026, which adopts the Preferred Alternative’s &amp;quot;Decision Framework.&amp;quot; Pursuant to the Record of Decision, the first set of guidelines—the 2027–2028 Operating Guidelines—were also issued.[https://www.usbr.gov/ColoradoRiverBasin/post2026/index.html]&lt;br /&gt;
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==Lake Powell operations:==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
For the August 24-Month study, perform Exhibit Runs using the following potential release volumes [with LTEMP monthly volumes] in descending order to determine an initial Water Year release volume that maintains a minimum Lake Powell elevation of 3510' throughout the WY. [[File:LakePowellOperations.png|right|400px]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Upper Elevation Range: ===&lt;br /&gt;
If the October 1 elevation is at or above 3565' start with a release volume of 8.23 maf &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Mid-Elevation Range: ===&lt;br /&gt;
If between 3540' and 3565' start with release volumes of 8.0 maf, then 7.5 maf, then 7.0 maf the release volume will be the first that maintains 3510' throughout the WY&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Low Elevation Infrastructure Protection Range: ===&lt;br /&gt;
If below 3540' start with a release volume of 7.0 maf&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
If the August 24-Month study with a release volume of 7.0 maf shows elevations below 3510' during the WY follow the Determinations Table:&lt;br /&gt;
*Release volume will be between 6.0 and 7.0 maf&lt;br /&gt;
*Move monthly volumes from October through April to May through September to maintain at least 3510' in March of the current WY&lt;br /&gt;
*Run two 24-Month Studies for release volumes of 6.0 maf and 7.0 maf &lt;br /&gt;
*In the 6.0 maf run, include supplemental releases from CRSP Upper Initial Units for May of the current year through April of the following year &lt;br /&gt;
*Determine March elevation for the 7.0 maf run&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
If the March elevation is: &lt;br /&gt;
* &amp;gt;3510' then the release is 7.0 maf and there are no releases from the CRSP upper units&lt;br /&gt;
* &amp;lt;3510' then determine what releases from the CRSP upper units coupled with reductions in Powell releases (down to 6.0 maf) will keep the March elevation above 3510'&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
From October to April, evaluate monthly projections.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
*Adjust release volume down to no less than 6.0 maf to avoid falling below 3510' through March of the following WY &lt;br /&gt;
*Adjust release volume up if projected to end the current WY is above 3565' such that half the difference in volume from the projected September 30 Lake Powell storage at elevation 3565' is added to the release.&lt;br /&gt;
		&lt;br /&gt;
===Extraordinary Circumstances:===&lt;br /&gt;
If Lake Powell is projected to decline below 3500' in March of the following year (see Sec. 5.1.D)&lt;br /&gt;
		&lt;br /&gt;
Consult with Basin States&lt;br /&gt;
*If the volume needed to protect 3500' in March of the following year is &amp;gt;2.0 maf&lt;br /&gt;
*If any Basin State believes there is inequity between volumes available in the CRSP Upper Units and reductions in Powell releases&lt;br /&gt;
*If Powell releases &amp;lt;6.0 maf are needed to maintain 3500' in March of the following year&lt;br /&gt;
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==Lake Mead operations:==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Elevation between 1125' and 1220' (full pool)===&lt;br /&gt;
If the most probable rises above 1125' in the next 12 months[[File:LakeMeadOperations.png|right|700px]]&lt;br /&gt;
*Consult to increase apportionment above 6.25 maf&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Shortage Condition Determination and Lower Basin Reductions: Elevation between 1010' and 1125'===&lt;br /&gt;
Lower Basin Reductions&lt;br /&gt;
*Apportion 6.25 maf (1.25 maf reduction)&lt;br /&gt;
*Conserve an additional 700 kaf voluntarily&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Elevation between 895' (dead pool), 950' (minimum power pool), and 1010'===&lt;br /&gt;
If the most probable falls below 1010' in the next 12 months&lt;br /&gt;
*Consult to consider potential actions&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Intentionally Created Surplus (ICS)===&lt;br /&gt;
Extended through 2028&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
In the year ICS is created&lt;br /&gt;
*0% deduction of the volume&lt;br /&gt;
*3% annual evaporation assessment until delivered&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
No ICS delivery if Mead is less than 1000'&lt;br /&gt;
*Consultation if Mead is between 1000' than 1025'&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
ICS delivery is limited to 800 kaf (2026-2028)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Limits on annual creation, delivery, and accumulation (see table)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Federally Managed Water Resources Pool (FMWRP)===&lt;br /&gt;
*Indian Water Rights Settlement&lt;br /&gt;
*450 kaf within ICS&lt;br /&gt;
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*[https://www.usbr.gov/ColoradoRiverBasin/post2026/index.html Reclamation Site: Colorado River Post-2026 Operations]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/ColoradoRiverBasin/post2026/decision-doc/2027-2028OperatingGuidelines_Final.pdf Colorado River Guidelines for Coordinated Operations of Lake Powell and Lake Mead for Operating Years 2027 and 2028]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/ColoradoRiverBasin/post2026/decision-doc/P26_BiologicalOpinion_Final.pdf Biological Opinion for Glen Canyon Dam Operations (2026–2036)]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/ColoradoRiverBasin/post2026/decision-doc/P26_RecordofDecision_Final.pdf ROD-Decision Framework for Colorado River Guidelines: Coordinated Operations of Lake Powell and Lake Mead (2027–2036)]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/ColoradoRiverBasin/post2026/final-eis/index.html Post-2026 Operational Guidelines and Strategies for Lake Powell and Lake Mead – Final Environmental Impact Statement]&lt;br /&gt;
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*[https://www.usbr.gov/ColoradoRiverBasin/interimguidelines/seis/index.html 2024 Supplemental Environmental Impact Statement (SEIS) for Near-term Colorado River Operations]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/ColoradoRiverBasin/dcp/index.html Drought Contingency Plans]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://gcdamp.com/index.php/Interim_Guidelines 2007 Interim Guidelines for Lower Basin Shortages]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/lc/region/pao/pdfiles/opcriter.pdf 1970 Long-Range Operating Criteria (LROC)]&lt;br /&gt;
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*[https://www.usbr.gov/lc/region/g4000/riverops/coriver-projections.html Colorado River System Projections Overview]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://www.usbr.gov/ColoradoRiverBasin/post2026/decision-doc/FutureColoradoOperations_Factsheet.pdf Future Colorado River Operations Fact Sheet]&lt;br /&gt;
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&amp;lt;Span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/Span&amp;gt;&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Cellsworth</name></author>	</entry>

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