View source for GCDAMP Sediment

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[[File:Paria at mainstem.jpg|center|thumbnail|400px|The Paria River flowing into the mainstem Colorado River‎]]<br>


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==[http://www.gcmrc.gov/research_areas/sediment_geomorphology/sed/Sed_Geomorph_Home_Page.aspx '''Sediment and Geomorphology''']==

Erosion of sandbars (beaches) along the Colorado River in Grand Canyon was first reported in the early 1970s, approximately 10 years after completion of Glen Canyon Dam. Since then, scientific studies have been conducted to monitor changes in sandbars and changes in the amount of sand stored on the bed of the river. One of the outcomes of these studies has been the implementation of flow experiments intended to rebuild eroded sandbars, especially by the release of controlled floods, also called [http://gcdamp.com/index.php?title=The_HFE_Page '''High Flow Experiments, or HFEs,'''] from Glen Canyon Dam. The sediment and geomorphology projects at Grand Canyon Monitoring and Research Center include the collection and processing of data to provide information needed to conduct controlled floods and to evaluate the outcome of each controlled flood and the long-term effects of controlled floods and normal dam operations on sediment-related resources. [https://www.gcmrc.gov/research_areas/sediment_geomorphology/sed/Sed_Geomorph_Home_Page.aspx]

Beginning in 1998, [http://gcdamp.com/index.php?title=RECREATION '''recreational campsite area'''] has also been measured on a subset of the sandbar monitoring sites. Campsite areas are defined as areas that are flat (less than 8 degree slope), smooth (not rocky), and clear of dense vegetation. Monitoring data show that vegetation expansion and sandbar erosion/deposition contribute to reductions in campsite area.

==[http://gcdamp.com/index.php?title=Long-term_Experimental_and_Management_Plan_(LTEMP) '''LTEMP Resource Goal for Sediment''']== 
Increase and retain fine sediment volume, area, and distribution in
the Glen, Marble, and Grand Canyon reaches above the elevation of the
average base flow for ecological, cultural, and recreational purposes. 

==[http://gcdamp.com/index.php?title=Portal:Desired_Future_Conditions_-DFCs '''Desired Future Condition for  Sediment-Related Resources''']==
High elevation open riparian sediment deposits along the Colorado River in sufficient volume, area, and distribution so as to provide habitat to sustain native biota and desired ecosystem processes<br>
• Nearshore habitats for native fish<br>
• Marsh and riparian habitat for fish (food chain maintenance)<br>
• Cultural resource preservation<br>
• Maintenance of camping beaches<br>
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! <h2 style="margin:0; background:#cedff2; font-size:120%; font-weight:bold; border:1px solid #a3bfb1; text-align:left; color:#000; padding:0.2em 0.4em;">Updates</h2>

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[[File:SandbarMonitoring2016.jpg|center|thumbnail|500px|[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/rm/amp/twg/mtgs/17jan26/AR3_Grams.pdf https://www.usbr.gov/uc/rm/amp/twg/mtgs/17jan26/AR3_Grams.pdf] ]] 

[[File:2012 2014 HFE response.jpg|center|thumbnail|500px|[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/rm/amp/twg/mtgs/15jun11/Attach_02,.pdf https://www.usbr.gov/uc/rm/amp/twg/mtgs/15jun11/Attach_02,.pdf] ]] 

[[File:2016 SedimentSummary.jpg|center|thumbnail|500px|[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/rm/amp/twg/mtgs/16jan26/documents/AR02_Grams.pdf https://www.usbr.gov/uc/rm/amp/twg/mtgs/16jan26/documents/AR02_Grams.pdf] ]] 

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! <h2 style="margin:0; background:#cedff2; font-size:120%; font-weight:bold; border:1px solid #a3b0bf; text-align:left; color:#000; padding:0.2em 0.4em;"> Sediment transport and river discharge </h2>
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When the discharge of the Colorado River was lower than about 9,000 ft3/s, sand accumulated in the reach in Marble and upper Grand Canyons. At discharges higher than about 9,000 ft3/s, however, sand-transport rates at the Grand Canyon gaging station generally equaled those at the Lees Ferry gaging station, and at discharges higher than about 16,000 ft3/s, sand-transport rates at the Grand Canyon gaging station generally either equaled or exceeded those at the Lees Ferry gaging station. Thus, at discharges greater than about 9,000 ft3/s, sand was either conveyed through or eroded from the reach in Marble and upper Grand Canyons.

As discharges less than 9,000 ft3/s became less common, the discharge of the river became progressively more conducive to the conveyance of sand through or the erosion of sand from Marble and upper Grand Canyons. [https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/pp1677/pdf/pp1677.pdf]

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! <h2 style="margin:0; background:#cedff2; font-size:120%; font-weight:bold; border:1px solid #a3b0bf; text-align:left; color:#000; padding:0.2em 0.4em;">Information</h2>
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*[http://www.gcmrc.gov/discharge_qw_sediment/station/GCDAMP/09382000#/ '''Paria River sediment gage'''] Click here to calculate how much sediment has come in from the Paria River.
*[[GCDAMP The_HFE_Page '''The HFE Page''']] See summaries from past HFEs

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! <h2 style="margin:0; background:#cedff2; font-size:120%; font-weight:bold; border:1px solid #a3b0bf; text-align:left; color:#000; padding:0.2em 0.4em;">Links and Information</h2>
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*[https://www.gcmrc.gov/sandbar/ GCMRC Grand Canyon Sandbar Monitoring]
*[http://gcdamp.com/index.php?title=The_HFE_Page The High Flow Experiment (HFE) Page]
*[http://gcdamp.com/index.php?title=RECREATION Recreation Page]
*[[Aeolian Sand Transport|  Aeolian Sand Transport Page]]
*[http://gcdamp.com/index.php?title=Turbidity Turbidity Page]

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! <h2 style="margin:0; background:#cedff2; font-size:120%; font-weight:bold; border:1px solid #a3b0bf; text-align:left; color:#000; padding:0.2em 0.4em;">[https://www.gcmrc.gov/research_areas/sediment_geomorphology/sed/Sed_Geomorph_Home_Page.aspx Projects]</h2>
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*[https://www.gcmrc.gov/sandbar/ Sandbar Monitoring]
*[https://www.gcmrc.gov/research_areas/sediment_geomorphology/sed/Sed_Geomorph_Camp.aspx Campsite Monitoring]
*[https://www.gcmrc.gov/discharge_qw_sediment/ Suspended Sediment Transport ]
*[https://www.gcmrc.gov/research_areas/sediment_geomorphology/sed/Sed_Geomorph_Home_Page.aspx Automated Substrate Classification Using Swath Mapping Systems]
*[https://www.gcmrc.gov/research_areas/sediment_geomorphology/sed/Sed_Geomorph_storage.aspx Sediment Storage]
*[https://www.gcmrc.gov/research_areas/sediment_geomorphology/sed/Sed_Geomorph_Home_Page.aspx Underwater Photography to Measure Bed Grain Size ]

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! <h2 style="margin:0; background:#cedff2; font-size:120%; font-weight:bold; border:1px solid #a3b0bf; text-align:left; color:#000; padding:0.2em 0.4em;">Sediment Gages</h2>
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*[https://www.gcmrc.gov/discharge_qw_sediment/station/GCDAMP/GCMRC-GCLT1 Water Holes Canyon above the mouth]
*[http://www.gcmrc.gov/discharge_qw_sediment/station/GCDAMP/09382000#/ Paria River at Lees Ferry] 
*[http://www.gcmrc.gov/discharge_qw_sediment/station/GCDAMP/09380000 Colorado River at Lees Ferry]
*[http://www.gcmrc.gov/discharge_qw_sediment/station/GCDAMP/09383050 Colorado River at 30 mile]
*[http://www.gcmrc.gov/discharge_qw_sediment/station/GCDAMP/09383100 Colorado River above LCR]
*[http://www.gcmrc.gov/discharge_qw_sediment/station/GCDAMP/09403000 Bright Angel Creek]
*[http://www.gcmrc.gov/discharge_qw_sediment/station/GCDAMP/GCMRC-MCLT6 Shinumo Creek]
*[http://www.gcmrc.gov/discharge_qw_sediment/station/GCDAMP/09402352 Colorado River abv Lava Canyon rm66]
*[http://www.gcmrc.gov/discharge_qw_sediment/station/GCDAMP/09403270 Colorado River bl rm127]
*[http://www.gcmrc.gov/discharge_qw_sediment/station/GCDAMP/09403850 Kanab Creek]
*[http://www.gcmrc.gov/discharge_qw_sediment/station/GCDAMP/09404115 Havasu Creek]
*[http://www.gcmrc.gov/discharge_qw_sediment/station/GCDAMP/09404120 Colorado River abv National Canyon]
*[http://www.gcmrc.gov/discharge_qw_sediment/station/GCDAMP/09404200 Colorado River bl Diamond Creek]
*[http://www.gcmrc.gov/discharge_qw_sediment/station/GCDAMP/09404220 Colorado River abv Spencer rm246]

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! <h2 style="margin:0; background:#cedff2; font-size:120%; font-weight:bold; border:1px solid #a3b0bf; text-align:left; color:#000; padding:0.2em 0.4em;">Sand Mass Balance Reaches in Grand Canyon </h2>
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*[http://www.gcmrc.gov/discharge_qw_sediment/reach/GCDAMP/09380000/09383050 Upper Marble Canyon]
*[http://www.gcmrc.gov/discharge_qw_sediment/reach/GCDAMP/09383050/09383100 Lower Marble Canyon] 
*[http://www.gcmrc.gov/discharge_qw_sediment/reach/GCDAMP/09383100/09402500 Eastern Grand Canyon] 
*[http://www.gcmrc.gov/discharge_qw_sediment/reach/GCDAMP/09402500/09404120 East Central Grand Canyon] 
*[http://www.gcmrc.gov/discharge_qw_sediment/reach/GCDAMP/09404120/09404200 West Central Grand Canyon] 
*[http://www.gcmrc.gov/discharge_qw_sediment/reach/GCDAMP/09404200/Pearce%20Ferry Western Grand Canyon and the Lake Mead Delta] 

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! <h2 style="margin:0; background:#cedff2; font-size:120%; font-weight:bold; border:1px solid #a3b0bf; text-align:left; color:#000; padding:0.2em 0.4em;"> Presentations and Papers </h2>
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'''2020'''
*[https://doi.org/10.1029/2019WR025883 Ashley et al., 2020, Estimating bedload from suspended load and water discharge in sand bed rivers: Water Resources Research.]

'''2019'''
*[https://doi.org/10.1130/B35047.1 Dean, D.J., and Topping, D.J., 2019, Geomorphic change and biogeomorphic feedbacks in a dryland river--The Little Colorado River, Arizona, USA: GSA Bulletin ]

'''2018'''
*[https://qcnr.usu.edu/wats/colorado_river_studies/files/documents/Rubin.pdf Sand tells a story]
*[https://doi.org/10.5066/P99TN424 Sankey et al., 2018, Sand classifications along the Colorado River in Grand Canyon derived from 2002, 2009, and 2013 high-resolution multispectral airborne imagery: U.S. Geological Survey data release]
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/amwg/2018-08-22-amwg-meeting/Attach_12.pdf GCMRC Science Updates PPT]
*[https://doi.org/10.1002/rra.3349 Hadley et al., 2018, Quantifying geomorphic and vegetation change at sandbar campsites in response to flow regulation and controlled floods, Grand Canyon National Park, Arizona: River Research  and Applications]
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/twg/2018-01-25-twg-meeting/AR02.pdf Key drivers of sand transport and storage in the Colorado River Ecosystem PPT]
*[https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-22-1767-2018 Voichick, N. et al., 2018, Technical note--False low turbidity readings during high suspended-sediment concentrations: Hydrology and Earth System Sciences]
*[https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20181019 Grams et al., 2018, Automated remote cameras for monitoring alluvial sandbars on the Colorado River in Grand Canyon, Arizona: Open-File Report]

'''2017'''
*[[Media:Chapman 2017 Thesis-Determining tributary sediment exp flood deposits Marble Canyon ColRiv.pdf| Chapman, K., 2017, Determining the tributary sediment contribution to experimental flood deposits on the Colorado River in Marble Canyon, Grand Canyon, Arizona: Flagstaff, Northern Arizona University, MS thesis]]
*[https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/6635 Hamill, D., 2017, Quantifying riverbed sediment using recreational-grade side scan sonar: Logan, Utah State University, MS thesis]
*[http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/2017JF004302 Buscombe et al., 2017, Compositional signatures in acoustic backscatter over vegetated and unvegetated mixed sand-gravel riverbeds: Journal of Geophysical Research: Earth Surface]
*[https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geomorph.2017.08.037 Griffiths and Topping, 2017, Importance of measuring discharge and sediment transport in lesser tributaries when closing sediment budgets: Geomorphology]
*[https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20171030 Kaplinski et al. 2017. Channel mapping river miles 29–62 of the Colorado River in Grand Canyon National Park, Arizona, May 2009: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2017–1030]
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/twg/2017-01-26-twg-meeting/AR1_Topping.pdf Project 1: Streamflow, Water Quality, Sediment Transport, and Sand Budgets in the Colorado River Ecosystem ]
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/twg/2017-01-26-twg-meeting/AR2_Dean.pdf Project 2: Hydrologic Change and the Geomorphic Transformation of the Little Colorado River: Implications for Sediment Delivery to the Grand Canyon ]
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/twg/2017-01-26-twg-meeting/AR3_Grams.pdf Sandbars and Sediment Storage in Marble and Grand Canyons: Response to Recent High-flow Experiments and Long-term Trends ]

'''2016'''
*[https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/pp1823 Topping et al. 2016. Long-term continuous acoustical suspended-sediment measurements in rivers — Theory, application, bias, and error: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1823]
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/amwg/2016-08-24-amwg-meeting/Attach_11a.pdf Sandbar Modeling Project Update]
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/amwg/2016-08-24-amwg-meeting/Attach_07b.pdf Status of Sediment Resources – August 2016]
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/amwg/2016-08-24-amwg-meeting/Attach_07a.pdf Grand Canyon Monitoring and Research Center Science Updates and PPT (BO Compliance, Trout Updates, Green Sunfish, Fisheries PEP, Partners in Science)]
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/twg/2016-02-26-twg-meeting/AR03_Buscombe.pdf Observations of sand dune migration on the Colorado River in Grand Canyon using high-resolution multibeam bathymetry]
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/twg/2016-02-26-twg-meeting/AR01_Topping.pdf Project 2: Streamflow,  Water Quality, Sediment Transport, and Sand Budgets in the Colorado River Ecosystem]
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/twg/2016-02-26-twg-meeting/AR02_Grams.pdf Sandbars and Sediment Storage in Marble and Grand Canyons: Response to Recent high-flow Experiments and Long-Term Trends]

'''2015'''
*[https://eos.org/features/building-sandbars-in-the-grand-canyon Grams et al. 2015. Building Sandbars in the Grand Canyon, EOS, Trans. Am. Geophys. Union]
*[http://repository.asu.edu/items/30069 Alvarez. 2015. Turbulence, Sediment Transport, Erosion, and Sandbar Beach Failure Processes in Grand Canyon. Ph.D. Dissertation, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ]
*[https://drive.google.com/file/d/0BwY-Z2c3NTUGeUVIWEwyY1l6RUE/view GCMRC Science Update - Sediment]
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/twg/2015-06-11-twg-meeting/Attach_02,.pdf GCMRC Science Update - Sediment]
*[https://drive.google.com/file/d/0BwY-Z2c3NTUGQURtV2s3eWJqRHM/view Updates on 2014 HFE, Paria sediment inputs, and sediment mass balance]
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/twg/2015-04-21-twg-meeting/Attach_11.pdf Glen Canyon Tailwater Fishery “Integrating Fish and Channel Mapping”]
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/twg/2015-04-21-twg-meeting/Attach_13.pdf GCMRC’s Online Mapping and GIS Resources]
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/twg/2015-01-20-twg-meeting/Attach_01.pdf Streamflow, Water Quality, and Sediment Transport in the Colorado River Ecosystem]
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/twg/2015-01-20-twg-meeting/Attach_02.pdf Sandbars and Sediment Storage in Marble and Grand Canyons: Response to Recent High-flow Experiments and Long-term Trends]

'''2014'''
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/amwg/2014-08-27-amwg-meeting/Attach_04a.pdf Science Updates - Recent Research on Sand, Bugs, and Fish ]
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/twg/2014-01-30-twg-meeting/AR_Grams_Sandbar_Storage.pdf Sandbars and Sand Storage in Marble and Grand Canyons (Grams) ]
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/twg/2014-01-30-twg-meeting/AR_Griffiths_Processing.pdf Processing fine sediment transport data: procedures, processing, and bottlenecks (Griffiths) ]

'''2013'''
*[https://asu.pure.elsevier.com/en/publications/erosion-of-river-sandbars-by-diurnal-stage-fluctuations-in-the-co Alvarez and Schmeeckle. 2013. Erosion of river sandbars by diurnal stage fluctuations in the Colorado river in the Marble and Grand Canyons: Full-scale laboratory experiments]
*[http://www.usbr.gov/uc/rm/amp/twg/mtgs/13nov06/Attach_02a.pdf GCMRC Update - Status of Resources and Sediment Conditions]
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/amwg/2013-08-08-amwg-meeting/Attach_06d.pdf Present Status of Sediment Resources-August 2013]
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/amwg/2013-08-08-amwg-meeting/Attach_06a.pdf Science Updates - Overflights, Riparian Vegetation, and Sediment]
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/twg/2013-06-26-twg-meeting/Attach_07a.pdf 2013 Overflight Wrap up]
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/twg/2013-06-26-twg-meeting/Attach_07b.pdf GCMRC Science Update on Sediment and Fisheries]
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/twg/2013-01-24-twg-meeting/15_Topping.pdf Sediment Monitoring Program: Sediment Delivery from Tributaries and Sediment Transport by Colorado River]
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/twg/2013-01-24-twg-meeting/16_Grams.pdf Sandbar Monitoring for November 2012 Controlled Flood]

'''2012'''
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/amwg/2012-08-29-amwg-meeting/Attach_04a.pdf GCMRC Updates and Sediment Update ]
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/twg/2012-06-20-twg-meeting/Attach_09.pdf E-mail to TWG with Sediment Model Link]
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/amwg/2012-02-22-amwg-meeting/Attach_08.pdf GCMRC Updates and PPT]
*[https://www.gcmrc.gov/about/ka/KA%202%20-%201-31-12/PM%20Talks/Grams%200400-0500.pdf Sandbars and In-Channel Sand Storage: Short-Term Dynamics and Long-Term Trends ]
*[https://www.gcmrc.gov/about/ka/KA%202%20-%201-31-12/PM%20Talks/Topping%200200-0300.pdf Physical controls on sediment deposition, erosion, and transport ]
*[https://www.gcmrc.gov/about/ka/KA%202%20-%201-31-12/PM%20Talks/Melis%200300-0400.pdf Geomorphic Framework & Role of Debris Flows Suspended-Sediment Transport and Sandbars Glen Canyon Dam Operations -Post-EIS Summary ]
*[https://www.gcmrc.gov/about/ka/KA%202%20-%201-31-12/PM%20Talks/Schmidt%200100-0200.pdf A Conversation about Rivers and Dams ]
*[https://www.gcmrc.gov/about/ka/KA%202%20-%202-1-12/PM%20Talks/Wright%200200-0300%20Modeling%20101.pdf Modeling 101 ]

'''2011'''
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/amwg/2011-08-24-amwg-meeting/Attach_06.pdf GCMRC Updates]
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/twg/2011-06-28-twg-meeting/Attach_05.pdf Update on Sand Mass Balance with Modeling]

'''2010'''
*[https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2010/1133/OFR_2010-1133.pdf Wright, S.A., and Grams, P.E., 2010, Evaluation of Water Year 2011 Glen Canyon Dam flow release scenarios on downstream sand storage along the Colorado River in Arizona: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2010-1133]
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/twg/2010-11-15-twg-meeting/Attach_11d.pdf Update on Water Quality and 2010 Sand Input ]
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/amwg/2010-08-24-amwg-meeting/Attach_03a.pdf Grand Canyon Monitoring and Research Updates and the Following Open File Reports: 1) Evaluation of Water Year 2011 Glen Canyon Dam Flow Release Scenarios on Downstream Sand Storage Along the Colorado River in Arizona, and 2) An Approach to Modeling Sediment Budgets in Supply-limited Rivers]
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/amwg/2010-08-24-amwg-meeting/Attach_03b.pdf Report on Sediment Modeling to Support Development of 2011 Hydrograph]
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/amwg/2010-08-24-amwg-meeting/Attach_03c.pdf Update on 2010 Sediment Inputs]
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/amwg/2010-08-24-amwg-meeting/Attach_12a.pdf Temperature Control Device and Sediment Augmentation Report]
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/amwg/2010-08-24-amwg-meeting/Attach_12b.pdf TWG Chair Temperature Control Device/Sediment Augmentation]
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/twg/2010-06-29-twg-meeting/Attach_01b.pdf Minutes from June 21, 2010, TWG Webinar/Conference Call with Memo from John Hamill to Shane Capron dated May 17, 2010, Subject: TWG and stakeholder requests for GCMRC to evaluate the effects of various dam operation scenarios on sediment storage and loss in the Grand Canyon with Open File Report 2010-1133]
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/twg/2010-06-29-twg-meeting/Attach_10.pdf Mechanics and Modeling of Flow, Sediment Transport and Morphologic Change in Riverine Lateral Separation Zones]
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/twg/2010-03-15-twg-meeting/Attach_07.pdf Sediment and Temperature Modeling Update PPT as presented at January 2010 Annual Reporting Meeting]
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/twg/2010-01-21-twg-meeting/Attach_07.pdf AIF: Temperature Control Device and Sediment Augmentation and PPT]

'''2009'''
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/twg/2009-09-29-twg-meeting/Attach_14.pdf Selective Withdrawal and Sediment Augmentation Update PPT]
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/twg/2009-09-29-twg-meeting/Attach_06.pdf Grand Canyon Monitoring and Research Center Updates]
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/twg/2009-06-22-twg-meeting/Attach_04.pdf Sandbar Evolution: Extending the Historical Perspective PPT]
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/amwg/2009-04-29-amwg-meeting/Attach_03a.pdf AIF: Grand Canyon Monitoring and Research Center (GCMRC) Update]
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/amwg/2009-04-29-amwg-meeting/Attach_03d.pdf Water Quality and Sediment, 2008 High Flow Experiment, and Integrated Flow, Temperature, and Sediment Modeling PPT]
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/twg/2009-03-16-twg-meeting/Attach_05.pdf Grand Canyon Monitoring and Research Center updates by Program Managers]
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/twg/2009-03-16-twg-meeting/Attach_10.pdf Diamond Creek Gage Discontinuation]

'''2003'''
*[https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/pp1677/pdf/pp1677.pdf Topping et al. 2003.  Computation and analysis of the instantaneous-discharge record for the Colorado River at Lees Ferry, Arizona, May 8, 1921 through September 30, 2000: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1677]

'''1999'''
*[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/rm/amp/twg/mtgs/10jun29/Attach_11.pdf Floods and Sandbars in the Grand Canyon, a publication of the Geological Society of America (published in GSA Today, April 1999)]

'''1988'''
*[https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1987/0561/report.pdf Schmidt and Graf, 1988, Aggradation and degradation of alluvial sand deposits, 1965 to 1986, OFR 87-561]

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*Eddies occur adjacent to rapids and the flow in the eddy is related to the flow characteristics in the rapid.  Sand bars were typically larger before the dam.(Science Background for HFE Planning- Jack Schmidt, GCMRC_KA 2013)
*[http://www.usbr.gov/uc/rm/amp/amwg/mtgs/02jan17/Attach_10b.pdf Sediment Presentation- AMWG Jan 2002]
*[http://www.usbr.gov/uc/rm/amp/amwg/mtgs/02jan17/Attach_10a.pdf Sediment White Paper- AMWG Jan 2002]
*[http://www.nationalparkstraveler.com/2014/11/high-flows-through-grand-canyon-national-park-met-mixed-reactions25903 The United States Geological Survey estimates that the Colorado River below Glen Canyon Dam only has 6 percent of the sediment that it received before the Glen Canyon Dam was built in the 1960s.]

==Flash Flood videos==
*[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=humwT6ivMt0 Paria River Flash Flood 8/3/16]
*[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sJBl6GXf_EA Buckskin Gulch Flash Flood 8/4/16]
*[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aZp_1KtrzjQ| Buckskin Wash Flash Flood / Debris Flow 2013]
*[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iAw_zIg9BqI Paria River Flash Flood / Debris Flow 8/19/12]
*[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=580HhfKenws Glen Canyon and Page Arizona Flooding May 22 2009] 
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