Socioeconomics Background History Page - Revision history

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@@ Line 167: / Line 167: @@
 Financial analysis of experimental releases conducted at Glen Canyon Dam during water years 1997 through 2005. Veselka, T. D. ; Poch, L. A. ; Palmer, C. S. ; Loftin, S. ; Osiek, B. Report/Report Section ANL/DIS-10-7 ;April 2010
 Revised financial analysis of experimental releases conducted at Glen Canyon Dam during water years 1997 through 2005. Veselka, T. D. ; Poch, L. A. ; Palmer, C. S. ; Loftin, S. ; Osiek, B. Report/Report Section, ANL/DIS-11-1 ;January 2011
 , August-September – On August 31 and September 1, 2011, GCMRC hosts an independent review of the GTMax model.  This review is conducted in response to recommendations of the 2009 expert panel and the SEAHG.  The SEAHG advocates using the GTMax model for various hydropower-related assessments in the future.  The purpose of the review is to explore the strengths and weaknesses of the GTMax model and assess its applicability for the types of analyses being proposed by the SEAHG. A report on the GTMax model review is completed in November 2011 and is released to the AMWG in January 2013.  See 2013 entry below for a link to the final report.

@@ Line 11: / Line 11: @@
 *GCMRC Library Call Number: 120.01 ENV-2.00 G558 23918
-----
 Title: '''Glen Canyon Dam Releases and Downstream Recreation: An analysis of user preferences and economic values'''
@@ Line 19: / Line 19: @@
 *Link(s): [http://www.gcmrc.gov/library/reports/cultural/Recreation/Bishop1987.pdf http://www.gcmrc.gov/library/reports/cultural/Recreation/Bishop1987.pdf]
-----
 *Title: '''GCES Non-Use Value Study: GCES Non-Use Values Final Study Summary Report'''
@@ Line 27: / Line 27: @@
 *Link(s): [http://www.gcmrc.gov/library/reports/GCES/Economics/Welsh1995b.pdf http://www.gcmrc.gov/library/reports/GCES/Economics/Welsh1995b.pdf]
-----
 '''1995 – The Grand Canyon Monitoring and Research Center (GCMRC) is officially  established''' in November, 1995.
 *Dr. David Garrett is appointed as the first Chief of the GCMRC. A professor of economics and former dean of Northern Arizona University’s School of Forestry, Dr. Garrett fills the economist role at GCMRC during the first three years of GCMRC’s existence.
-----
 *'''1998-1999 - An independent review of the GCMRC strategic plan is conducted by the National Research Council'''.
@@ Line 42: / Line 42: @@
 *Link: [http://www.gcmrc.gov/library/reports/Adaptive_Management/NRC1999.pdf http://www.gcmrc.gov/library/reports/Adaptive_Management/NRC1999.pdf]
-----
 *'''1998 – Dr. Garrett retires and is replaced by Dr. Barry Gold,''' the GCMRC’s biology program manager.
@@ Line 86: / Line 86: @@
 *When Fairley arrives at GCMRC, the budget for Fiscal Year 2004 is already planned and does not include funding for recreation or socioeconomic research.
 *Dr. Denny Fenn, the third Chief of GCMRC (2002-2003), advises Fairley to evaluate  stakeholder interest in pursuing additional socioeconomic research in future years.
-----
-−
 *'''2005, Spring – GCMRC conducts a “knowledge assessment” workshop'''
 *to examine what is known about dam-controlled flow effects to all classes of resources, including hydropower and recreation.
@@ Line 94: / Line 93: @@
 *Workshop participants conclude that the magnitude of economic effects to recreation and non-use values are somewhat known from studies conducted in the mid-1980s and early 1990s, but these studies are 10-20 years out of date:
+-
 *Title: '''2005 Knowledge Assessment of the Effects of Glen Canyon Dam on the Colorado River Ecosystem: An Experimental Planning Support Document'''
 *Year: 2006
@@ Line 101: / Line 99: @@
 See also:  [http://www.usbr.gov/uc/rm/amp/twg/mtgs/05nov29/Attach_09.pdf http://www.usbr.gov/uc/rm/amp/twg/mtgs/05nov29/Attach_09.pdf]
 ----
 *2005, Summer – An '''independent panel is convened by GCMRC’s Sociocultural Program manager to review monitoring protocols and research needs related to recreation'''.
 *The panel’s final report includes several recommendations for improving socioeconomic information related to recreational use of the river.
@@ Line 111: / Line 108: @@
 *Draft LTEP documents are presented to TWG at their November 2006 meeting. See documents at the link below:
 *LINK: [http://www.usbr.gov/uc/rm/amp/twg/mtgs/06nov08/index.html http://www.usbr.gov/uc/rm/amp/twg/mtgs/06nov08/index.html]
-*Attachment 10a: '''Assessment of the Estimated Effects of Four Experimental Options on Resources Below Glen Canyon Dam Draft Report dated Oct. 27, 2006; Attachment 10b: Assessment of the Estimated Effects of Four Experimental Options on Resources Below Glen Canyon Dam Executive Summary; Attachment 10c: Assessment of the Estimated Effects of Four Experimental Options on Resources Below Glen Canyon Dam PPT; Attachment 10d: A Review of the Western Area Power Administration Report on "Economic Analysis of Power System Impacts of GCD Long-Term Experimental Options"; Attachment 10e: A Brief Introduction to SLCA/IP Rate Setting and CRSP Basin Fund Liquidity PPT; Attachment 10f: A Review of the GCMRC Report on an "Analysis of Biophysical and Socio-Cultural Impacts of Four Experimental Options
+*Attachment 10a: '''Assessment of the Estimated Effects of Four Experimental Options on Resources Below Glen Canyon Dam Draft Report dated Oct. 27, 2006; *Attachment 10b: Assessment of the Estimated Effects of Four Experimental Options on Resources Below Glen Canyon Dam Executive Summary;
-–GCMRC, in collaboration with the TWG, organizes and hosts an “Information Needs Workshop”.  The purpose of this workshop is to confirm, or if necessary, revise, key information needs (INs) previously identified in the Glen Canyon Dam Adaptive Management Program (GCDAMP) Strategic Plan (2001), in anticipation of using these INs to guide future research and monitoring.  The workshop participants suggest several revisions to previously identified INs for hydropower and recreation. This recommendation leads to a decision to host a more complete and formal review of GCDAMP socioeconomic information needs.  A brief summary of the IN workshop is at:  http://www.usbr.gov/uc/rm/amp/twg/mtgs/07oct02/Attach_03d.pdf
+*2007 –GCMRC, in collaboration with the TWG, organizes and hosts an “Information Needs Workshop”.
-(A written report on the IN workshop is also available and can be provided by GCMRC.)
+*The purpose of this workshop is to confirm, or if necessary, revise, key information needs (INs) previously identified in the Glen Canyon Dam Adaptive Management Program (GCDAMP) Strategic Plan (2001), in anticipation of using these INs to guide future research and monitoring.
--2009 - As an outgrowth of discussions by TWG and AMWG following the April 2007 workshop, GCMRC works with stakeholders (NPS and Western) and the Science Advisors (Dr. Garrett) to organize a comprehensive review of past socioeconomic research and assess stakeholder needs for future socioeconomic information. A prospectus for this workshop is presented to AMWG at their August 2009 meeting:
+*2008-2009 - As an outgrowth of discussions by TWG and AMWG following the April 2007 workshop, GCMRC works with stakeholders (NPS and Western) and the Science Advisors (Dr. Garrett) to organize a '''comprehensive review of past socioeconomic research and assess stakeholder needs for future socioeconomic information. A prospectus for this workshop is presented to AMWG at their August 2009 meeting:
 http://www.usbr.gov/uc/rm/amp/amwg/mtgs/09aug12/Attach_08i.pdf

@@ Line 3: / Line 3: @@
 == GCMRC Socioeconomics Program: A Brief History ==  (Credits: Helen Fairley)
-*'''1996''' –'''The Record of Decision (ROD) for the 1995 Environmental Impact Study (EIS) on Operations of Glen Canyon Dam''' is published.
+'''1996''' –'''The Record of Decision (ROD) for the 1995 Environmental Impact Study (EIS) on Operations of Glen Canyon Dam''' is published.
 *The analysis of economic effects to hydropower from changes to dam operations forms a significant component of the 1995 EIS. In addition to the hydropower analyses undertaken for the EIS, the Glen Canyon Environmental Studies (GCES) program sponsors several independent socioeconomic research projects leading up to publication of the 1995 EIS and 1996 ROD.  Key studies completed for the EIS include the following:
-*Title: '''River Resource Management in the Grand Canyon'''
+Title: '''River Resource Management in the Grand Canyon'''
 *Year: '''1996'''
 *Authors: National Research Council
@@ Line 13: / Line 13: @@
 ----
-*Title: '''Glen Canyon Dam Releases and Downstream Recreation: An analysis of user preferences and economic values'''
+Title: '''Glen Canyon Dam Releases and Downstream Recreation: An analysis of user preferences and economic values'''
 *Year: '''1987'''
 *Authors: Richard C. Bishop and others

@@ Line 50: / Line 50: @@
 *'''1999-2002 –GCMRC’s Sociocultural Program manager, Ruth Lambert, initiates several socioeconomic studies through contracts and agreements with outside economists'''
-*Specific focus is placed on studies documenting economic effects to recreation and hydropower from the 2001 Low Summer Steady Flow (LSSF) Experiment. The following publications and unpublished reports are produced during this period:
+*Specific focus is placed on studies documenting economic effects to recreation and hydropower from the 2001 Low Summer Steady Flow (LSSF) Experiment.
 *Title: '''Preferences of Recreation User Groups of the Colorado River in the Grand Canyon'''
@@ Line 83: / Line 84: @@
 *'''2003 – Ruth Lambert resigns, and Helen Fairley is hired to lead GCMRC’s Sociocultural Program'''
-*When Fairley arrives at GCMRC, the budget for Fiscal Year 2004 is already planned and does not include funding for recreation or socioeconomic research. Dr. Denny Fenn, the third Chief of GCMRC (2002-2003), advises Fairley to evaluate  stakeholder interest in pursuing additional socioeconomic research in future years.
+*When Fairley arrives at GCMRC, the budget for Fiscal Year 2004 is already planned and does not include funding for recreation or socioeconomic research.
 ----
 *'''2005, Spring – GCMRC conducts a “knowledge assessment” workshop'''
 *to examine what is known about dam-controlled flow effects to all classes of resources, including hydropower and recreation.
-*Workshop participants conclude that the direction of effect to hydropower value is known for different flows but not the magnitude of those effects.  Magnitude is uncertain because the model used by Western Area Power Administration (Western) to estimate economic values for hydropower under varying flow regimes is unknown (i.e., the model is not published or publically available for independent peer-review.)  Workshop participants conclude that the magnitude of economic effects to recreation and non-use values are somewhat known from studies conducted in the mid-1980s and early 1990s, but these studies are 10-20 years out of date:
+*Workshop participants conclude that the direction of effect to hydropower value is known for different flows but not the magnitude of those effects.
+-
@@ Line 103: / Line 107: @@
 ----
+*2005-2006 – At the request of the AMWG, Dr. Garrett (in his capacity as Executive Director of the GCDAMP Science Advisory Board) '''convenes a Science Planning Group (SPG) composed of Technical Work Group (TWG) members and GCMRC scientists for the purpose of developing a new experimental science plan'''.
--2006 – At the request of the AMWG, Dr. Garrett (in his capacity as Executive Director of the GCDAMP Science Advisory Board) convenes a Science Planning Group (SPG) composed of Technical Work Group (TWG) members and GCMRC scientists for the purpose of developing a new experimental science plan.  This effort evolves into a draft EA for a new Long Term Experimental Plan (LTEP).  Draft LTEP documents are presented to TWG at their November 2006 meeting. See documents at the link below:
+*This effort evolves into a draft EA for a new Long Term Experimental Plan (LTEP).
-http://www.usbr.gov/uc/rm/amp/twg/mtgs/06nov08/index.html
+*Draft LTEP documents are presented to TWG at their November 2006 meeting. See documents at the link below:
-Attachment 10a: Assessment of the Estimated Effects of Four Experimental Options on Resources Below Glen Canyon Dam Draft Report dated Oct. 27, 2006; Attachment 10b: Assessment of the Estimated Effects of Four Experimental Options on Resources Below Glen Canyon Dam Executive Summary; Attachment 10c: Assessment of the Estimated Effects of Four Experimental Options on Resources Below Glen Canyon Dam PPT; Attachment 10d: A Review of the Western Area Power Administration Report on "Economic Analysis of Power System Impacts of GCD Long-Term Experimental Options"; Attachment 10e: A Brief Introduction to SLCA/IP Rate Setting and CRSP Basin Fund Liquidity PPT; Attachment 10f: A Review of the GCMRC Report on an "Analysis of Biophysical and Socio-Cultural Impacts of Four Experimental Options
+*LINK: [http://www.usbr.gov/uc/rm/amp/twg/mtgs/06nov08/index.html http://www.usbr.gov/uc/rm/amp/twg/mtgs/06nov08/index.html]
 –GCMRC, in collaboration with the TWG, organizes and hosts an “Information Needs Workshop”.  The purpose of this workshop is to confirm, or if necessary, revise, key information needs (INs) previously identified in the Glen Canyon Dam Adaptive Management Program (GCDAMP) Strategic Plan (2001), in anticipation of using these INs to guide future research and monitoring.  The workshop participants suggest several revisions to previously identified INs for hydropower and recreation. This recommendation leads to a decision to host a more complete and formal review of GCDAMP socioeconomic information needs.  A brief summary of the IN workshop is at:  http://www.usbr.gov/uc/rm/amp/twg/mtgs/07oct02/Attach_03d.pdf

@@ Line 80: / Line 80: @@
 *Ralston, B.E., 2011, '''Summary report of responses of key resources to the 2000 Low Steady Summer Flow experiment''', along the Colorado River downstream from Glen Canyon Dam, *Arizona: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2011-1220, 129 p.
 *Link(s): [http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2011/1220/ http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2011/1220/]
 ----
 *'''2003 – Ruth Lambert resigns, and Helen Fairley is hired to lead GCMRC’s Sociocultural Program'''
 *When Fairley arrives at GCMRC, the budget for Fiscal Year 2004 is already planned and does not include funding for recreation or socioeconomic research. Dr. Denny Fenn, the third Chief of GCMRC (2002-2003), advises Fairley to evaluate  stakeholder interest in pursuing additional socioeconomic research in future years.
 ----
@@ Line 97: / Line 95: @@
 *Authors: Theodore S. Melis and others
 *Link(s): [http://www.gcmrc.gov/files/1198/w-1198_2011-03-31-01-33-40-577_Attach_10b.pdf
-See also:  http://www.usbr.gov/uc/rm/amp/twg/mtgs/05nov29/Attach_09.pdf
+See also:  [http://www.usbr.gov/uc/rm/amp/twg/mtgs/05nov29/Attach_09.pdf http://www.usbr.gov/uc/rm/amp/twg/mtgs/05nov29/Attach_09.pdf]
 -2006 – At the request of the AMWG, Dr. Garrett (in his capacity as Executive Director of the GCDAMP Science Advisory Board) convenes a Science Planning Group (SPG) composed of Technical Work Group (TWG) members and GCMRC scientists for the purpose of developing a new experimental science plan.  This effort evolves into a draft EA for a new Long Term Experimental Plan (LTEP).  Draft LTEP documents are presented to TWG at their November 2006 meeting. See documents at the link below:

@@ Line 3: / Line 3: @@
 == GCMRC Socioeconomics Program: A Brief History ==  (Credits: Helen Fairley)
-*'''1996''' –'''The Record of Decision (ROD) for the 1995 Environmental Impact Study (EIS) on Operations of Glen Canyon Dam''' is published.  The analysis of economic effects to hydropower from changes to dam operations forms a significant component of the 1995 EIS. In addition to the hydropower analyses undertaken for the EIS, the Glen Canyon Environmental Studies (GCES) program sponsors several independent socioeconomic research projects leading up to publication of the 1995 EIS and 1996 ROD.  Key studies completed for the EIS include the following:
+*'''1996''' –'''The Record of Decision (ROD) for the 1995 Environmental Impact Study (EIS) on Operations of Glen Canyon Dam''' is published.
 *Title: '''River Resource Management in the Grand Canyon'''
@@ Line 28: / Line 29: @@
 ----
-'''1995 – The Grand Canyon Monitoring and Research Center (GCMRC) is officially  established''' in November, 1995. Dr. David Garrett is appointed as the first Chief of the GCMRC. A professor of economics and former dean of Northern Arizona University’s School of Forestry, Dr. Garrett fills the economist role at GCMRC during the first three years of GCMRC’s existence.
+'''1995 – The Grand Canyon Monitoring and Research Center (GCMRC) is officially  established''' in November, 1995.
 ----
-*'''1998-1999 - An independent review of the GCMRC strategic plan is conducted by the National Research Council'''. NRC notes the lack of socioeconomic elements in the plan and discusses the need for this information (see pp. 109-114 of the following report):
+*'''1998-1999 - An independent review of the GCMRC strategic plan is conducted by the National Research Council'''.
 *Title: Downstream : Adaptive Management of Glen Canyon Dam and the Colorado River Ecosystem
 *Year: '''1999'''
@@ Line 41: / Line 44: @@
 ----
-– Dr. Garrett retires and is replaced by Dr. Barry Gold, the GCMRC’s biology program manager.  Dr. Gold transfers responsibility for socioeconomic research to GCMRC’s sociocultural program.
+*'''1998 – Dr. Garrett retires and is replaced by Dr. Barry Gold,''' the GCMRC’s biology program manager.
--2002 –GCMRC’s Sociocultural Program manager, Ruth Lambert, initiates several socioeconomic studies through contracts and agreements with outside economists. Specific focus is placed on studies documenting economic effects to recreation and hydropower from the 2001 Low Summer Steady Flow (LSSF) Experiment. The following publications and unpublished reports are produced during this period:
+----
-Title: Preferences of Recreation User Groups of the Colorado River in the Grand Canyon
+*'''1999-2002 –GCMRC’s Sociocultural Program manager, Ruth Lambert, initiates several socioeconomic studies through contracts and agreements with outside economists'''
-Year: 2000
+*Specific focus is placed on studies documenting economic effects to recreation and hydropower from the 2001 Low Summer Steady Flow (LSSF) Experiment. The following publications and unpublished reports are produced during this period:
-Authors: William P. Stewart
-GCMRC Library Call Number: 120.00 LND-8.00 s852p
-Link(s): http://www.gcmrc.gov/library/reports/cultural/Recreation/Stewart2000.pdf
-Title: Economic Impacts of Low Summer Steady Flows on Recreation
-Year: 2002
-Authors: Evan Hjerpe
-GCMRC Library Call Number: 120.00 LND-8.00 H677e
-Link(s): http://www.gcmrc.gov/library/reports/cultural/Recreation/LSSF_Report.pdf
-Title: An Overview of Various Impacts to Grand Canyon River Experiences, with a Focus on Intergroup Encounters, Flow levels, and the 2000 Low Summer Steady Flow Experiment
+*Title: '''Preferences of Recreation User Groups of the Colorado River in the Grand Canyon'''
-Year: 2002
+*Year: 2000
-Authors: Lilian M. Jonas, William P. Stewart
+*Authors: William P. Stewart
-GCMRC Library Call Number: 715.00 LND-8.00 J76o
+*GCMRC Library Call Number: 120.00 LND-8.00 s852p
-Link(s): http://www.gcmrc.gov/library/reports/GrandCanyon/Recreation/Jonas2002.pdf
+*Link(s): [http://www.gcmrc.gov/library/reports/cultural/Recreation/Stewart2000.pdf http://www.gcmrc.gov/library/reports/cultural/Recreation/Stewart2000.pdf]
+*Title: '''Economic Impacts of Low Summer Steady Flows on Recreation'''
-Title: The Financial Impacts of the Low Summer Steady Flow Experiment at Glen Canyon Dam
+*Year: 2002
-Year: 2004
+*Authors: Evan Hjerpe
-Authors: S. Clayton Palmer, Clark Burbidge, Heather Patno
+*GCMRC Library Call Number: 120.00 LND-8.00 H677e
-GCMRC Library Call Number: 440.00 RES-5.00 P176f
+*Link(s): [http://www.gcmrc.gov/library/reports/cultural/Recreation/LSSF_Report.pdf http://www.gcmrc.gov/library/reports/cultural/Recreation/LSSF_Report.pdf]
 Link(s): http://www.gcmrc.gov/library/reports/Other/GlenCanyonDam/Palmer2004b.pdf
-See also the following synthesis of results of the LSSF experiment:
+*(See also the following synthesis of results of the LSSF experiment:
-Ralston, B.E., 2011, Summary report of responses of key resources to the 2000 Low Steady Summer Flow experiment, along the Colorado River downstream from Glen Canyon Dam, Arizona: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2011-1220, 129 p.
+*Ralston, B.E., 2011, '''Summary report of responses of key resources to the 2000 Low Steady Summer Flow experiment''', along the Colorado River downstream from Glen Canyon Dam, *Arizona: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2011-1220, 129 p.
-Link(s): http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2011/1220/
+*Link(s): [http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2011/1220/ http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2011/1220/]
-– Ruth Lambert resigns, and Helen Fairley is hired to lead GCMRC’s Sociocultural Program.  When Fairley arrives at GCMRC, the budget for Fiscal Year 2004 is already planned and does not include funding for recreation or socioeconomic research. Dr. Denny Fenn, the third Chief of GCMRC (2002-2003), advises Fairley to evaluate  stakeholder interest in pursuing additional socioeconomic research in future years.
+----
 , Spring – GCMRC conducts a “knowledge assessment” workshop to examine what is known about dam-controlled flow effects to all classes of resources, including hydropower and recreation.  Workshop participants conclude that the direction of effect to hydropower value is known for different flows but not the magnitude of those effects.  Magnitude is uncertain because the model used by Western Area Power Administration (Western) to estimate economic values for hydropower under varying flow regimes is unknown (i.e., the model is not published or publically available for independent peer-review.)  Workshop participants conclude that the magnitude of economic effects to recreation and non-use values are somewhat known from studies conducted in the mid-1980s and early 1990s, but these studies are 10-20 years out of date:

@@ Line 3: / Line 3: @@
 == GCMRC Socioeconomics Program: A Brief History ==  (Credits: Helen Fairley)
-*'''1996''' –The Record of Decision (ROD) for the 1995 Environmental Impact Study (EIS) on Operations of Glen Canyon Dam is published.  The analysis of economic effects to hydropower from changes to dam operations forms a significant component of the 1995 EIS. In addition to the hydropower analyses undertaken for the EIS, the Glen Canyon Environmental Studies (GCES) program sponsors several independent socioeconomic research projects leading up to publication of the 1995 EIS and 1996 ROD.  Key studies completed for the EIS include the following:
+*'''1996''' –'''The Record of Decision (ROD) for the 1995 Environmental Impact Study (EIS) on Operations of Glen Canyon Dam''' is published.  The analysis of economic effects to hydropower from changes to dam operations forms a significant component of the 1995 EIS. In addition to the hydropower analyses undertaken for the EIS, the Glen Canyon Environmental Studies (GCES) program sponsors several independent socioeconomic research projects leading up to publication of the 1995 EIS and 1996 ROD.  Key studies completed for the EIS include the following:
-*Title: River Resource Management in the Grand Canyon
+*Title: '''River Resource Management in the Grand Canyon'''
 *Year: '''1996'''
 *Authors: National Research Council
@@ Line 12: / Line 12: @@
 ----
-*Title: Glen Canyon Dam Releases and Downstream Recreation: An analysis of user preferences and economic values
+*Title: '''Glen Canyon Dam Releases and Downstream Recreation: An analysis of user preferences and economic values'''
 *Year: '''1987'''
 *Authors: Richard C. Bishop and others
@@ Line 20: / Line 20: @@
 ----
-*Title: GCES Non-Use Value Study: GCES Non-Use Values Final Study Summary Report
+*Title: '''GCES Non-Use Value Study: GCES Non-Use Values Final Study Summary Report'''
-Year: 1995
+*Year: 1995
-Authors: Michael P. Welsh, Richard C. Bishop, Marcia L. Phillips, Robert M. Baumgartner
+*Authors: Michael P. Welsh, Richard C. Bishop, Marcia L. Phillips, Robert M. Baumgartner
-GCMRC Library Call Number: 810.00 WTR-3.00 G558 23566 v.2
+*GCMRC Library Call Number: 810.00 WTR-3.00 G558 23566 v.2
-Link(s): http://www.gcmrc.gov/library/reports/GCES/Economics/Welsh1995b.pdf
+*Link(s): [http://www.gcmrc.gov/library/reports/GCES/Economics/Welsh1995b.pdf http://www.gcmrc.gov/library/reports/GCES/Economics/Welsh1995b.pdf]
-– The Grand Canyon Monitoring and Research Center (GCMRC) is officially  established in November, 1995. Dr. David Garrett is appointed as the first Chief of the GCMRC. A professor of economics and former dean of Northern Arizona University’s School of Forestry, Dr. Garrett fills the economist role at GCMRC during the first three years of GCMRC’s existence.
--1999 - An independent review of the GCMRC strategic plan is conducted by the National Research Council. NRC notes the lack of socioeconomic elements in the plan and discusses the need for this information (see pp. 109-114 of the following report):
+----
-Title: Downstream : Adaptive Management of Glen Canyon Dam and the Colorado River Ecosystem
+'''1995 – The Grand Canyon Monitoring and Research Center (GCMRC) is officially  established''' in November, 1995. Dr. David Garrett is appointed as the first Chief of the GCMRC. A professor of economics and former dean of Northern Arizona University’s School of Forestry, Dr. Garrett fills the economist role at GCMRC during the first three years of GCMRC’s existence.
 Year: 1999
-Authors: National Research Council
+----
 GCMRC Library Call Number: 120.01 ENV-2.00 G558d
-Link: http://www.gcmrc.gov/library/reports/Adaptive_Management/NRC1999.pdf
+*'''1998-1999 - An independent review of the GCMRC strategic plan is conducted by the National Research Council'''. NRC notes the lack of socioeconomic elements in the plan and discusses the need for this information (see pp. 109-114 of the following report):
 – Dr. Garrett retires and is replaced by Dr. Barry Gold, the GCMRC’s biology program manager.  Dr. Gold transfers responsibility for socioeconomic research to GCMRC’s sociocultural program.