Difference between revisions of "GCDAMP Budget"

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==Project 1. Lake Powell and Glen Canyon Dam Release Water-Quality Monitoring==
 
==Project 1. Lake Powell and Glen Canyon Dam Release Water-Quality Monitoring==
Investigators <br>
 
Project Summary <br>
 
Background  <br>
 
*Scientific Background 
 
*Management Background 
 
*Key Monitoring and Research Questions Addressed in this project 
 
Proposed Work  <br>
 
*Project Elements 
 
*Personnel and Collaborations 
 
*Deliverables 
 
*Productivity from Past Work 
 
*Completed Publications 
 
*Publications in progress 
 
*Presentations at professional meetings 
 
References  <br>
 
Budget  <br>
 
  
 
==Project 2. Stream Flow, Water Quality, and Sediment Transport in the Colorado River Ecosystem==
 
==Project 2. Stream Flow, Water Quality, and Sediment Transport in the Colorado River Ecosystem==
Investigators
+
 
Project Summary  <br>
+
This project makes the basic measurements that link dam operations and reservoir releases
Background  <br>
+
to the physical, biological, and sociocultural resources of the Colorado River ecosystem (CRe)
*Scientific Background
+
downstream from Glen Canyon Dam. This project conducts the monitoring of stage, discharge,
*Management Background
+
water quality (water temperature, specific conductance, turbidity, dissolved oxygen), suspended
* Monitoring and Research Questions Posed by Stakeholders that Are Addressed in This Project
+
sediment, and bed sediment. Measurements are made at gaging stations located in Glen Canyon
*Scientific Questions that have Emerged from Past Work and That Are Addressed in This Project
+
National Recreation Area, Grand Canyon National Park, the Navajo Reservation, and the
Proposed Work  <br>
+
Hualapai Reservation and on lands administered by the Bureau of Land Management. The data
*Project Elements
+
collected by this project provide the stream-flow, sediment-transport, sediment-mass-balance,
*Personnel and Collaborations
+
water-temperature, and water-quality data that are required to link dam operations with the status
*Deliverables
+
of the CRe. In addition, the data collected by this project are used to implement and evaluate the
Productivity from Past Work (during FY 13–14) <br>
+
High Flow Experiment (HFE) Protocol and in evaluations of alternatives being assessed by the
*Data Products
+
Long-Term Experimental and Management Plan (LTEMP) EIS. The data collected by this
*Completed Publications
+
project are also used in other physical, ecological, and socio-cultural projects described
*Publications in progress
+
elsewhere in this Triennial Work Plan. Other project funds support interpretation of basic data.
*Presentations at GCDAMP meetings
+
* Presentations at professional meetings
+
References  <br>
+
Budget  <br>
+
  
 
==Project 3. Sandbars and Sediment Storage Dynamics: Long-term Monitoring and Research at the Site, Reach, and Ecosystem Scales==  
 
==Project 3. Sandbars and Sediment Storage Dynamics: Long-term Monitoring and Research at the Site, Reach, and Ecosystem Scales==  
Investigators <br>
+
 
Project Summary  <br>
+
This project consists of a set of integrated studies that (a) track the effects of individual High-
Background  <br>
+
Flow Experiments (HFEs, or “controlled floods”) on sandbars and within-channel sediment
*Scientific Background
+
storage, (b) monitor the cumulative effect of successive HFEs and intervening operations, and (c)
*Management Background
+
advance general understanding of sediment transport and eddy sandbar dynamics. While the first
*Key Monitoring and Research Questions Addressed in this project  
+
two efforts are focused on monitoring, the latter effort is focused on improving capacity to
Proposed Work <br>
+
predict the effects of dam operations, because management of the Colorado River downstream
*Outline of Monitoring Strategy
+
from Glen Canyon Dam requires that managers balance the objective to achieve fine-sediment
*Project Elements
+
conservation with other management objectives. Such balancing of objectives requires
*Personnel and Collaborations
+
comparing predicted outcomes of different dam operation scenarios, such as has been pursued in
*Deliverables
+
the Long-Term Experimental and Management Plan (LTEMP) Environmental Impact Statement
Productivity from Past Work (during FY 13–14) <br>
+
(EIS) process.
*Data Products
+
 
*Completed Publications 
+
The effort to achieve fine-sediment conservation in the Colorado River ecosystem in Marble
*Publications in progress
+
and Grand Canyons (CRe) is greatly constrained by the limited annual supply of fine sediments
*Presentations at GCDAMP meetings
+
to the Colorado River from ephemeral tributaries. The challenge of rehabilitating sandbars when
*Presentations at professional meetings
+
most of the fine-sediment once supplied to the CRe is now stored in Lake Powell reservoir has
References  <br>
+
been described in many scientific articles and management documents. More than a decade of
Budget  <br>
+
monitoring and research has demonstrated that eddy sandbars accumulate sand, as well as small
 +
amounts of clay and silt (hereafter referred to as mud), during short periods of relatively high
 +
flow, but these same sandbars typically erode during flows that occur in the months to years
 +
between the high flows requisite for sandbar building. Adoption of the HFE Protocol in 2012
 +
established a formal procedure whereby seasonal sand and mud (together referred to as fine
 +
sediment) inflows are measured, and high flows are released from Glen Canyon Dam with the
 +
purpose of redistributing that sand and mud from the channel bed to eddies. The long-term effect
 +
of the HFE Protocol depends on the relative “gain” to eddy sandbars that occurs during the short
 +
controlled floods and the intervening “loss” that occurs during other times. The Environmental
 +
Assessment for Development and Implementation of a Protocol for High-Flow Experimental
 +
Releases from Glen Canyon Dam (hereafter referred to as the HFE Protocol EA) asked, "Can
 +
sandbar building during HFEs exceed sandbar erosion during periods between HFEs, such that
 +
sandbar size can be increased and maintained over several years?" In other words, does the
 +
volume of sand aggraded into eddies and onto sandbars during controlled floods exceed the
 +
volume eroded from sandbars during intervening dam operations?
 +
 
 +
Thus, one of the most important objectives of this project is to monitor the changes in
 +
sandbars over many years, including a period that contains several controlled floods, in order to
 +
compile the information required to answer the fundamental question of the HFE Protocol EA.
 +
The monitoring program described here continues the program implemented in the FY13–14
 +
Biennial Work Plan and is based on annual measurements of sandbars, using conventional
 +
topographic surveys supplemented with daily measurements of sandbar change using ‘remote
 +
cameras’ that autonomously and repeatedly take photographs. Because these long-term
 +
monitoring sites represent only a small proportion of the total number of sandbars in Marble and
 +
Grand Canyons, this project also includes (1) the analysis of a much larger sample of sandbars,
 +
using airborne remote-sensing data of the entire CRe collected every 4 years, and (2) periodic
 +
measurements of nearly all sandbars within individual 50 to 130 km river segments.
 +
 
 +
Another critical piece of information that will be needed to evaluate the outcome of the HFE
 +
Protocol and the LTEMP EIS will be the change in total sand storage in long river segments.
 +
HFEs build sandbars by redistributing sand from the low-elevation portion of the channel to
 +
sandbars in eddies and on the banks. The sand available for bar building is the sand that is in
 +
storage within the channel, which is the sum of the sand contributed by the most recent tributary
 +
inputs, all the sand that has accumulated during the decades since Glen Canyon Dam was
 +
completed, and any sand that remains from the pre-dam era. The goal of the HFE protocol is to
 +
accomplish sandbar building by mobilizing only as much sand as is most recently contributed by
 +
the Paria River. Some of the mobilized sand is deposited in eddies where it maintains and builds
 +
eddy sandbars. Some of the sand is eventually transported downstream to Lake Mead reservoir.
 +
The most efficient floods for the purposes of sandbar building are those that maximize eddy
 +
sandbar aggradation yet minimize the amount of sand transported far downstream, thus
 +
minimizing losses to sand storage. Dam operations between HFEs also transport sand
 +
downstream, causing decreases in sand storage. If sand storage is maintained or increased,
 +
scientists expect the response to future HFEs to be similar to or better than that observed
 +
following recent HFEs. In contrast, depleted conditions of fine sediment in the active channel are
 +
potentially irreversible and threaten the long-term ability to rehabilitate eddy sandbars. Although
 +
the total amount of sand in the active channel is not known and may never be known, changes in
 +
the topography of the channel measured in this project reveal where fine sediment accumulates,
 +
where it becomes depleted, and whether or not older fine sediment deposits are being
 +
progressively eroded by HFEs and other parts of the flow regime.
 +
 
 +
This project also includes five research and development components: (1) improving
 +
methods for making sandbar surveys rapidly and at low cost; (2) investigating bedload sand
 +
transport; (3) developing a method to estimate the thickness of submerged sand deposits, (4)
 +
developing a method to map submerged aquatic vegetation, and (5) developing of a new largescale
 +
sandbar deposition/erosion model. These projects are, respectively, designed to improve
 +
monitoring methods, improve estimates of sand transport, develop a new tool to estimate total
 +
sand storage, develop a new tool to map submerged aquatic vegetation and improve acoustic bed
 +
sediment classifications, and develop new tools for predicting how management actions
 +
including HFEs and daily dam operations affect resources.
  
 
==Project 4. Connectivity along the fluvial-aeolian-hillslope continuum: Quantifying the relative importance of river-related factors that influence upland geomorphology and archaeological site stability ==  
 
==Project 4. Connectivity along the fluvial-aeolian-hillslope continuum: Quantifying the relative importance of river-related factors that influence upland geomorphology and archaeological site stability ==  
Investigators  <br>
+
 
Project Summary  <br>
+
The rate and magnitude of wind transport of sand from active channel sandbars to higher
Background  <br>
+
elevation valley margins potentially affects the stability of archaeological sites and the
*Scientific Background
+
characteristics of other cultural and natural resources. The degree to which valley margin areas
*Management Background
+
are affected by upslope wind redistribution of sand is called “connectivity”. Connectivity is
*Key Monitoring and Research Questions Addressed in this project  
+
affected by several factors including the sand source as well as physical and vegetative barriers
Proposed Work  <br>
+
to sand transport. The primary hypothesis of this project is that high degrees of connectivity lead
*Project Elements
+
to potentially greater archaeological site stability.
*Personnel and Collaborations
+
 
*Deliverables
+
This project is responsive to recommendations from stakeholders in the Glen Canyon Dam
Productivity from Past Work (during FY13–14)   <br>
+
Adaptive Management Program. The Bureau of Reclamation, the National Park Service, and the
*Data Products
+
tribes, collectively have identified the need for science that will improve understanding of how
*Completed Publications 
+
cultural resources are linked to modern river processes. This project proposal is composed of two
*Publications in progress
+
integrated elements; the first (4.1) is a research element, and the second (4.2) is a monitoring
*Presentations at GCDAMP meetings
+
element. The research element (4.1) consists of three sub-elements that are landscape scale
*Presentations at professional meetings
+
analyses that will examine the connectivity between attributes of the active channel and
References  <br>
+
geomorphic processes and patterns at higher elevations (above the 45,000 ft3/s stage) at several
Budget  <br>
+
temporal and geographic scales. In the monitoring element (4.2), a year (2015) will be invested
 +
to develop and draft a long-term monitoring plan to evaluate if and how much the interactions
 +
between fluvial, aeolian, and hillslope processes affect the condition of cultural resource sites in
 +
the Colorado River corridor. The monitoring plan will be drafted by USGS scientists with close
 +
collaboration from tribes, National Park Service, and Bureau of Reclamation. The monitoring
 +
plan will be implemented in years 2 and 3 (2016 and 2017, respectively) of the triennial workplan
 +
effort.
  
 
==Project 5. Foodbase Monitoring and Research==  
 
==Project 5. Foodbase Monitoring and Research==  
Investigators  <br>
+
 
Project Summary  <br>
+
The productivity of the aquatic foodbase, particularly invertebrates, fuels production and
Background  <br>
+
growth of fishes in the Colorado River. However, recent studies by Kennedy and collaborators
*Scientific Background
+
have shown that the productivity of this foodbase is low. Further, the foodbase in Grand Canyon
*Management Background
+
is dominated by only two groups of invertebrates: midges and blackflies, both of which are
*Key Monitoring and Research Questions Addressed
+
small-bodied, relatively low-quality prey. Larger, more nutritious aquatic insects such as
*Hypotheses Explaining Aquatic Invertebrate Productivity and Diversity
+
mayflies, stoneflies, and caddisflies (hereafter, EPT), are virtually absent throughout Glen,
Proposed Work
+
Marble, and Grand Canyons. These conditions of low invertebrate productivity and the absence
*Project Elements
+
of high quality invertebrate prey have resulted in a fishery throughout Glen, Marble, and Grand
*Personnel and Collaborations
+
Canyons that is food-limited, negatively affecting the abundance of native fishes such as
*Deliverables
+
humpback chub (Gila cypha), as well as the growth of recreationally-important non-native
Productivity from Past Work (during FY 13–14)
+
rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). If the factors and stressors affecting this low foodbase
*Data Product
+
productivity and diversity can be isolated, adaptive management experimentation intended to
*Completed Publications
+
ameliorate these stressors, and benefit the productivity and diversity of the aquatic foodbase,
*Publications in progress
+
could be considered.
*Presentations at GCDAMP meetings
+
 
*Presentations at professional meetings
+
In this proposal, we describe a multi-faceted approach to better understanding the conditions
References  <br>
+
effecting the low productivity and diversity of the foodbase in the Colorado River, as well as an
Budget
+
experiment to potentially improve these conditions. We focus principally on two methods:
 +
sampling emergent aquatic insect adults on land, and sampling aquatic invertebrate larvae in the
 +
drift. Sampling emergent insects allows for the observation of large-scale patterns in insect
 +
dynamics through time and over large spatial scales, such as throughout the entire Colorado
 +
River in Grand Canyon. In contrast, sampling invertebrate drift allows us to understand the finescale
 +
factors affecting invertebrate populations, particularly during a phase (drifting in the water
 +
column) in which these invertebrates are most available to fish. To a lesser extent, we also
 +
describe the continuation of a monitoring effort to estimate algae production in the Colorado
 +
River, which represents the base of the entire aquatic food web and the food resources available
 +
to these invertebrate populations.
 +
 
 +
Many of the studies we propose here are logical continuations of projects initiated in FY13–
 +
14, such as an expansion of the citizen science monitoring of emergent insects and the
 +
development of a more mechanistic understanding of the factors controlling invertebrate drift. In
 +
addition, we intend to synthesize published datasets to explore the factors affecting invertebrate
 +
productivity, diversity, and EPT abundance throughout tailwaters in the Intermountain West. We
 +
will couple this synthesis with natural history observations and lab studies of invertebrates in the
 +
Colorado River and adjacent ecosystems. The goal of those studies is to better understand how
 +
the specific insects present in the Colorado River and its tributaries in Glen, Marble, and Grand
 +
Canyons respond to environmental conditions such as altered temperature regimes and daily
 +
hydropeaking. We also propose to carry out insect emergence and drift studies in other Colorado
 +
River Basin tailwaters and in Cataract Canyon to better characterize aquatic foodbase conditions
 +
in reference ecosystems, and to determine whether the foodbase downstream of Glen Canyon is
 +
unique, or broadly similar to other river segments in the region. Finally, based on logic described
 +
below, we identify recruitment limitation of insects as a primary stressor limiting both
 +
invertebrate production and the colonization of EPT in the Colorado River in Glen, Marble, and
 +
Grand Canyons. Accordingly, we outline a flow experiment that could be implemented in FY15–
 +
17 involving weekend summer steady flows that may mitigate this recruitment limitation. If
 +
successful, this experiment would improve the short- and long-term productivity and diversity of
 +
the aquatic foodbase and, ultimately, the condition of fish populations and the stability of food
 +
webs in the Colorado River.
  
 
==Project 6. Mainstem Colorado River Humpback Chub Aggregations and Fish Community Dynamics==
 
==Project 6. Mainstem Colorado River Humpback Chub Aggregations and Fish Community Dynamics==
Investigators  <br>
+
 
Project Summary  <br>
+
Native and nonnative fish populations in Glen and Grand Canyons are key resources of
Background
+
concern influencing decisions on both the operation of Glen Canyon Dam and non-flow actions.
*Scientific Background
+
To inform these decisions, it is imperative that accurate and timely information on the status of
*Key Monitoring and Research Questions Addressed in this project
+
fish populations, particularly the endangered humpback chub (Gila cypha), be available to
*Key management goals and objectives addressed in this project
+
managers. A suite of adaptive experimental management actions are either underway or being
Proposed Work
+
contemplated to better understand the mechanisms controlling the population dynamics of fish in
*Project Elements
+
the Colorado River in Glen and Grand Canyons and to identify policies that are consistent with
*Personnel and Collaborations
+
the attainment of management goals. Much effort has been and continues to be focused on
*Deliverables
+
humpback chub and rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) both in the reach of the Colorado
Productivity from Past Work (during FY 13–14)
+
River from Glen Canyon Dam to the Little Colorado River (LCR) confluence and in the LCR
*Data Products
+
itself (see Projects 7 and 9). While this work is important and meets critical information needs, it
*Publications in progress
+
is also important to have robust monitoring of mainstem fish populations downstream of the
*Presentations at GCDAMP meetings
+
LCR confluence. Status and trend information is needed to further understand mechanisms
*Presentations at professional meetings
+
controlling native and nonnative fish population dynamics, determine the effects of dam
References  <br>
+
operations and other management actions, and identify evolving threats presented by expansion
Budget
+
in range or numbers of nonnative predators. This type of information is also potentially useful in
 +
assessing changes to the Federal Endangered Species Act listing status of humpback chub in
 +
Grand Canyon.
 +
 
 +
Sampling mainstem humpback chub aggregations has been conducted periodically over the
 +
last two decades. Fish were sampled by hoop and trammel nets at aggregations first described by
 +
Valdez and Ryel (1995). Most captures of humpback chub in the mainstem Colorado River have
 +
been downstream of the LCR (Persons and others, in preparation). Continuing to sample for
 +
humpback chub in the mainstem river outside of the LCR and the LCR confluence area is
 +
important for monitoring the status of the Grand Canyon population of this endangered species
 +
and determining the effects of management actions like dam operations and translocations.
 +
During the last few years the first 75 miles of the Colorado River downstream of Glen
 +
Canyon Dam has been sampled extensively for fish by several projects including the following
 +
projects in the USGS Grand Canyon Monitoring and Research Center’s (GCMRC) FY11–12 and
 +
FY13–14 work plans:
 +
 
 +
*E.2 Juvenile Chub Monitoring Project near the LCR confluence Near Shore Ecology Project; BIO 2.R15.11 in FY11–12; and Project Element F.3 in FY13–14,
 +
*H.2 Rainbow Trout Movement Project, a.k.a. the Rainbow Trout Natal Origins Project; Project Element BIO 2.E18 in FY11–12; and Project Element F.6 in FY13–14,
 +
*D.4 System Wide Electrofishing Projectl; Project Element BIO 2.M4 in FY11–12; and Project Element F.1 in FY13–14
 +
*H.1 Lees Ferry Trout Monitoring Project; Project Element BIO 4.M2 in FY11–12; and Project Element F.2 in FY13–14
 +
*D.7 Rainbow Trout Early Life Stage Survey Project; RTELSS, Project Element BIO 4.M2 in FY11–12; and Project Element F.2.2 in FY13–14
 +
 
 +
The remaining portion of the Colorado River downstream of Glen Canyon Dam (between
 +
approximately the LCR and Lake Mead) has been sampled using standardized methods since
 +
2000 as described in Project 6.4, the System Wide Electrofishing Project and since 2010 as
 +
described in Project 6.1, the Mainstem Humpback Chub Aggregation Monitoring Project. In
 +
order to improve efficiencies and to reduce duplication of effort, GCMRC and cooperating
 +
agencies conducting fisheries monitoring and research propose to coordinate and/or combine
 +
several project elements in GCRMC’s FY15–17 work plan. These include the Juvenile Chub
 +
Monitoring project and System Wide Electrofishing effort (see Project Elements 7.2 and 6.4) as
 +
well as the Rainbow Trout Natal Origins study and Lees Ferry Trout Monitoring (see Project
 +
Elements 9.1 and 9.2). In general, this will mean a reduction of electrofishing effort in the first
 +
70 miles of the Colorado River downstream of Glen Canyon Dam and a focus on obtaining
 +
abundance estimates rather than catch per unit effort (CPUE) indices through the updated Lees
 +
Ferry Rainbow Trout Monitoring project (see Project Elements 9.1 and 9.2). Systematic
 +
sampling of the mainstem Colorado River downstream of the Juvenile Chub Monitoring (see
 +
Project Element 7.2) reference site (River Mile (RM) 63-64.5) will continue under Project
 +
Elements 6.1, 6.2, and 6.4 (see Section 4) and will continue to collect and analyze species
 +
composition and CPUE data.
 +
 
 +
Project 6 is comprised of eight Project Elements and includes monitoring and research
 +
projects in the mainstem Colorado River, with particular emphasis on humpback chub
 +
aggregations. Over the last several years humpback chub in the LCR aggregation have increased
 +
in abundance (Coggins and Walters, 2009; Van Haverbeke and others, 2013; Yackulic and
 +
others, 2014). Humpback chub at many other aggregations have also increased in abundance, and
 +
some aggregations appear to have increased their distribution (Persons and others, in
 +
preparation). Recruitment to aggregations may come from local reproduction (e.g. 30 Mile
 +
aggregation; Andersen and others, 2010; Middle Granite Gorge Aggregation; Douglas and
 +
Douglas, 2007), the LCR aggregation, and translocations to Shinumo and Havasu Creeks.
 +
Annual monitoring of the status and trends of the mainstem humpback chub aggregations has
 +
been identified as a conservation measure in a recent Biological Opinion (U.S. Fish and Wildlife
 +
Service, 2011) and will continue to be monitored in Project Element 6.1, although effort will be
 +
reduced to a single trip per year down from two trips annually in the FY13–14 work plan. We
 +
will also continue to sample in conjunction with the National Park Service (NPS) near Shinumo
 +
Creek and Havasu Creek to assess contribution of translocated humpback chub to mainstem
 +
aggregations.
 +
 
 +
Understanding recruitment at aggregations continues to be an area of uncertainty. Humpback
 +
chub otolith microchemistry (Hayden and others, 2012; Limburg and others, 2013) was proposed
 +
as a method to determine sources of humpback chub recruitment in the FY13–14 Work Plan.
 +
However, due to Tribal concerns about directed take of humpback chub we were unable to
 +
collect the otoliths necessary for these analyses. During FY15–16 we plan to further evaluate the
 +
use of otolith microchemistry to identify surrogate fish hatched in Shinumo Creek, Havasu
 +
Creek, 30-Mile springs or other locations in Project Element 6.2. We will work with NPS staff to
 +
collect water samples and otoliths from brown trout (Salmo trutta), rainbow trout, and other
 +
fishes sacrificed as part of their trout removal activities. We will also make use of any humpback
 +
chub incidentally killed during other sampling efforts. Further, we will place additional emphasis
 +
on catching and marking juvenile humpback chub to assist in determining sources of recruitment
 +
to aggregations. During FY15–16 we propose to evaluate slow shocking and seining as methods
 +
to capture and mark more juvenile humpback chub with passive integrated transponder (PIT)
 +
tags in order to assess juvenile humpback chub survival and recruitment to aggregations. This
 +
will also provide a possible method to assess dispersal of juvenile humpback chub marked in the
 +
LCR with visible implant elastomer (VIE) and PIT tags (see Project Element 7.3).
 +
 
 +
Project Element 6.3 will continue efforts that began in the FY13–14 work plan to locate
 +
additional aggregations by standardized sampling and by the use of remotely deployed PIT-tag
 +
antennas. GCMRC has had success in deploying relatively portable PIT-tag antennas in the LCR
 +
and proposes to work with NPS and U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) personnel to
 +
develop antenna systems that can be deployed at mainstem aggregations and other locations to
 +
detect PIT-tagged fish. If successful, these systems will provide an opportunity for collaborative
 +
citizen science with commercial and scientific river trips whereby river guides could deploy
 +
antennas overnight at camp sites in an attempt to detect PIT-tagged fish in areas not sampled
 +
during mainstem fish monitoring trips.
 +
 
 +
The System Wide Electrofishing Project (Project Element 6.4) will continue to collect longterm
 +
monitoring data following the methods described in Makinster and others, (2010) and will
 +
evaluate the efficacy of a mark-recapture approach downstream of the LCR confluence. To
 +
eliminate duplicative efforts, we propose that sampling be conducted in areas not sampled by the
 +
Rainbow Trout Natal Origins and the Juvenile Chub Monitoring projects (Project Elements 7.2
 +
and 9.2). We will also increase sampling effort downstream of Diamond Creek to monitor for
 +
native and non-native fishes. Continued concerns over upstream movement of non-native
 +
warmwater predatory species such as striped bass (Morone saxatilis), largemouth bass
 +
(Micropterus salmoides), channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus) and walleye (Sander vitreus)
 +
from Lake Mead highlight the need to continue to monitor the river for non-native fishes.
 +
Electrofishing is effective at capturing bass species, sunfishes (Centrarchidae), and walleye, so
 +
this sampling should detect upstream movements of these species. Channel catfish on the other
 +
hand, are not effectively captured by electrofishing, so monitoring of catfish distribution by
 +
standardized angling (Persons and others, 2013) will continue during electrofishing trips.
 +
Standardized electrofishing sampling is also effective at capturing native sucker species
 +
including flannelmouth sucker (Catostomus latipinnis), bluehead sucker (Catostomus
 +
discobolus), and razorback sucker (Xyrauchen texanus). Recent captures of razorback sucker
 +
downstream of Diamond Creek by this project have been widely publicized and ongoing
 +
monitoring will help document if this once extirpated species continues its apparent recolonization
 +
of Grand Canyon.
 +
 
 +
Nonnative brown trout are effective fish predators known to preferentially prey on native
 +
Colorado River fishes including humpback chub (Yard and others, 2011). Determining the
 +
source or sources of this species in Grand Canyon will help scientists and managers better target
 +
efforts aimed at controlling this threat to native fish populations (see Project Element 8.1).
 +
Project Element 6.5 will conduct research on the use of brown trout pigment patterns to identify
 +
natal origins of brown trout; data and images will be collected during the System Wide
 +
Electrofishing Project and other projects that encounter brown trout.
 +
One risk to the Grand Canyon humpback chub population is that it includes only one selfsustaining
 +
spawning population, the LCR aggregation. The USFWS has identified the
 +
establishment of a second self-sustaining spawning population of humpback chub as an
 +
important step towards recovery of this endangered species (U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service
 +
1995). Project Element 6.6 will develop plans and conduct necessary compliance activities to
 +
experimentally translocate humpback chub from the LCR to a mainstem aggregation in 2016 or
 +
later.
 +
 
 +
The Rainbow Trout Early Life Stage Survey (Project Element 6.7 - RTELLS) seasonally
 +
monitors rainbow trout egg deposition and population early life history dynamics, particularly
 +
age-0 survival in Glen Canyon. This project in particular, provides managers with an initial
 +
indication of the annual cohort strength of rainbow trout recruiting into the population. Findings
 +
from this also have relevance to the Natal Origin research project (see Project Element 9.2).
 +
The Lees Ferry Creel Survey (Project Element 6.8) monitors the health of the rainbow trout
 +
fishery and provides information on the influence of Glen Canyon Dam operations, other
 +
management actions, and natural disturbances on recreational fishing. Information on the levels
 +
of direct harvest as well as angler use and satisfaction of the important recreational fishery is also
 +
provided.
  
 
==Project 7. Population Ecology of Humpback Chub in and around the Little Colorado River==
 
==Project 7. Population Ecology of Humpback Chub in and around the Little Colorado River==
Investigators  <br>
 
Project Summary  <br>
 
Background
 
*Scientific Background
 
*Management Background
 
*Key Monitoring and Research Questions Addressed in this project
 
Proposed Work
 
*Project Elements
 
*Personnel and Collaborations
 
*Deliverables
 
Productivity from Past Work (during FY 13–14)
 
*Data Products
 
*Completed Publications
 
*Publications in progress
 
*Presentations at GCDAMP meetings
 
*Presentations at professional meetings
 
References  <br>
 
Budget
 
  
 
==Project 8. Experimental Actions to Increase Abundance and Distribution of Native Fishes in Grand Canyon==
 
==Project 8. Experimental Actions to Increase Abundance and Distribution of Native Fishes in Grand Canyon==
Investigators  <br>
 
Project Summary  <br>
 
Background
 
*Management Background
 
*Key Monitoring and Research Questions Addressed in this Project
 
Proposed Work
 
*Project Elements
 
*Personnel and Collaborations
 
*Deliverables
 
Productivity from Past Work (during FY 13–14)
 
*Data Products
 
*Publications in progress
 
*Presentations at GCDAMP meetings
 
*Presentations at professional meetings
 
References  <br>
 
Budget
 
  
 
==Project 9. Understanding the Factors Determining Recruitment, Population Size, Growth, and Movement of Rainbow Trout in Glen and Marble Canyons ==
 
==Project 9. Understanding the Factors Determining Recruitment, Population Size, Growth, and Movement of Rainbow Trout in Glen and Marble Canyons ==
Investigators  <br>
 
Project Summary  <br>
 
Background
 
*Scientific Background
 
*Key Monitoring and Research Questions Addressed in this Project
 
Proposed Work- Monitoring and Research Projects
 
*Project Elements- Research
 
*Personnel and Collaborations
 
*Deliverables
 
Productivity from Past Work (during FY 13–14)
 
*Completed Publications
 
*Publications in progress
 
*Presentations at GCDAMP meetings
 
*Presentations at professional meetings
 
References  <br>
 
Budget
 
  
 
==Project 10. Where does the Glen Canyon Dam rainbow trout tailwater fishery end? - Integrating Fish and Channel Mapping Data below Glen Canyon Dam ==
 
==Project 10. Where does the Glen Canyon Dam rainbow trout tailwater fishery end? - Integrating Fish and Channel Mapping Data below Glen Canyon Dam ==
Investigators  <br>
 
Project Summary  <br>
 
Background
 
*Scientific Background
 
*Management Background
 
*Key Monitoring and Research Questions Addressed in this project
 
Proposed Work
 
*Project Elements
 
*Personnel and Collaborations
 
*Deliverables
 
Productivity from Past Work (during FY 13–14)
 
*Data Products
 
*Completed Publications
 
*Publications in progress
 
*Presentations at GCDAMP meetings
 
*Presentations at professional meetings
 
References    <br>
 
Budget
 
  
 
==Project 11. Riparian Vegetation Monitoring and Analysis of Riparian Vegetation, Landform Change and Aquatic-Terrestrial linkages to Faunal Communities ==
 
==Project 11. Riparian Vegetation Monitoring and Analysis of Riparian Vegetation, Landform Change and Aquatic-Terrestrial linkages to Faunal Communities ==
Investigators  <br>
 
Project Summary  <br>
 
Background
 
*Scientific Background
 
*Management Background
 
*Key Monitoring and Research Questions Addressed in this project
 
Proposed Work
 
*Project Elements
 
*Personnel and Collaborations
 
*Deliverables
 
Productivity from Past Work (during FY 13–14)
 
*Data Products
 
*Completed Publications
 
*Publications in progress
 
*Presentations at GCDAMP meetings
 
*Presentations at professional meetings
 
References    <br>
 
Budget
 
  
 
==Project 12. Changes in the Distribution and Abundance of Culturally-Important Plants in the Colorado River Ecosystem: A Pilot Study to Explore Relationships between Vegetation Change and Traditional Cultural Values==
 
==Project 12. Changes in the Distribution and Abundance of Culturally-Important Plants in the Colorado River Ecosystem: A Pilot Study to Explore Relationships between Vegetation Change and Traditional Cultural Values==
Investigators    <br>
 
Project Summary    <br>
 
Background
 
*Scientific Background
 
*DFCs and Key Monitoring and Research Questions Addressed by this project
 
Proposed Work
 
*Project Elements
 
*Personnel and Collaborations
 
*Linkages to other projects
 
*Deliverables
 
References    <br>
 
Budget
 
  
 
==Project 13. Socioeconomic Monitoring and Research==
 
==Project 13. Socioeconomic Monitoring and Research==
Investigators    <br>
 
Project Summary    <br>
 
Background
 
*Scientific Background
 
*Key Monitoring and Research Questions Addressed in this project
 
Proposed Work
 
*Project Elements
 
*Personnel and Collaborations
 
*Deliverables
 
References    <br>
 
Budget
 
  
 
==Project 14. Geographic Information Systems (GIS) Services and Support ==
 
==Project 14. Geographic Information Systems (GIS) Services and Support ==
Investigators    <br>
 
Project Summary    <br>
 
Background
 
*Scientific Background
 
*Management Background
 
*Key Monitoring and Research Questions Addressed in this project
 
Proposed Work
 
*Project Elements
 
*Personnel and Collaborations
 
*Deliverables
 
Productivity from Past Work (during FY 13–14)
 
*Data Products
 
*Presentations at GCDAMP meetings
 
*Presentations at professional meetings
 
Budget
 
  
 
==Project 15. Administration==  
 
==Project 15. Administration==  
Budget  <br>
 
  
 
==Appendices==
 
==Appendices==

Revision as of 17:46, 27 July 2016


MonopolyMan.jpg

The goal of the Triennial Workplan and Budget (TWP) is to reduce the effort expended on the budget process while improving the effectiveness of the Grand Canyon Monitoring and Research Center (GCMRC), Technical Work Group (TWG), and AMWG. The GCDAMP will develop a TWP the first year of the process. Then, in the second year the GCDAMP would implement the year-two budget and make relatively minor corrections primarily related to changes in CPI and needs at GCMRC and the Bureau of Reclamation. In the third year the GCDAMP would consider minor changes to the year three budget to allow for changes in projects or potential important new starts not envisioned during the development of the triennial budget.

The major components of the TWP would include:

  • Three-year budget spreadsheets, work plans, and hydrographs,
  • Modifications of the year-three budget based on specific criteria,
  • Fiscal reporting, including expenditures for the previous fiscal year (mid-year and end end-of year reports),
  • Project progress reports, including an annual reporting meeting in January, and
  • Utilization of the Budget Ad Hoc Group (BAHG) to interface with Reclamation and GCMRC in developing a draft TWP, and to help the TWG develop budget recommendations for AMWG consideration.
GCDAMP Strategic Plan
The GCDAMP Strategic Plan (AMPSP) is a long-term plan drafted in August 2001 by GCDAMP and GCMRC participants that identifies the AMWG’s vision, mission, principles, goals, management objectives, information needs, and management actions.
Strategic Science Plan
The GCMRC Strategic Science Plan (SSP) identifies general strategies for the next 5 years to provide science information responsive to the goals, management objectives, and priority questions as described in the AMPSP and other planning direction approved by the AMWG.
Core Monitoring Plan
The GCMRC Core Monitoring Plan (CMP) describes the consistent, long-term, repeated measurements using scientifically accepted protocols to measure status and trends of key resources to answer specific questions. Core monitoring is implemented on a fixed schedule regardless of budget or other circumstances (for example, water year, experimental flows, temperature control, stocking strategy, nonnative control, etc.) affecting target resources.
Monitoring and Research Plan
The GCMRC Monitoring and Research Plan (MRP) specifies (1) core monitoring activities, (2) research and development activities, and (3) long-term experimental activities consistent with the strategies and priorities established in this SSP to be conducted over the next 5 years to address some of the strategic science questions associated with AMWG priority questions.
Triennial Work Plan (TWP)
The GCMRC Triennial Work Plan (TWP) identifies the scope, objectives, and budget for monitoring and research activities planned for a 3-year period. When completed, the triennial work plan will be consistent with the MRP.


Triennial Budget and Work Plan

Chapter 1. Introduction

Adaptive Management Work Group Costs
AMWG Member Travel Reimbursement
AMWG Reclamation Travel
AMWG Facilitation Contract
Public Outreach
AMWG Other

TWG Costs
TWG Member Travel Reimbursement
TWG Reclamation Travel
TWG Chair Reimbursement/Facilitation
TWG Other

Administrative Support for NPS Permitting
Contract Administration
Science Advisor Contract
Experimental Fund
Installation of Acoustic Flow Meters in Glen Canyon Dam Bypass Tubes
Native Fish Conservation Contingency Fund

Cultural Resources Work Plan
Integrated Tribal Resources Monitoring
Tribal Participation in the GCDAMP

Chapter 2. U.S. Geological Survey, Southwest Biological Science Center, Grand Canyon Monitoring and Research Center Triennial Budget and Work Plan—Fiscal Years 2015–2017

Introduction
Purpose
Administrative Guidance that Informs the FY15–17 Triennial Work Plan
Overview of the FY 15–17 Triennial Work Plan
Allocation of the FY15–17 Budget
References

Project 1. Lake Powell and Glen Canyon Dam Release Water-Quality Monitoring

Project 2. Stream Flow, Water Quality, and Sediment Transport in the Colorado River Ecosystem

This project makes the basic measurements that link dam operations and reservoir releases to the physical, biological, and sociocultural resources of the Colorado River ecosystem (CRe) downstream from Glen Canyon Dam. This project conducts the monitoring of stage, discharge, water quality (water temperature, specific conductance, turbidity, dissolved oxygen), suspended sediment, and bed sediment. Measurements are made at gaging stations located in Glen Canyon National Recreation Area, Grand Canyon National Park, the Navajo Reservation, and the Hualapai Reservation and on lands administered by the Bureau of Land Management. The data collected by this project provide the stream-flow, sediment-transport, sediment-mass-balance, water-temperature, and water-quality data that are required to link dam operations with the status of the CRe. In addition, the data collected by this project are used to implement and evaluate the High Flow Experiment (HFE) Protocol and in evaluations of alternatives being assessed by the Long-Term Experimental and Management Plan (LTEMP) EIS. The data collected by this project are also used in other physical, ecological, and socio-cultural projects described elsewhere in this Triennial Work Plan. Other project funds support interpretation of basic data.

Project 3. Sandbars and Sediment Storage Dynamics: Long-term Monitoring and Research at the Site, Reach, and Ecosystem Scales

This project consists of a set of integrated studies that (a) track the effects of individual High- Flow Experiments (HFEs, or “controlled floods”) on sandbars and within-channel sediment storage, (b) monitor the cumulative effect of successive HFEs and intervening operations, and (c) advance general understanding of sediment transport and eddy sandbar dynamics. While the first two efforts are focused on monitoring, the latter effort is focused on improving capacity to predict the effects of dam operations, because management of the Colorado River downstream from Glen Canyon Dam requires that managers balance the objective to achieve fine-sediment conservation with other management objectives. Such balancing of objectives requires comparing predicted outcomes of different dam operation scenarios, such as has been pursued in the Long-Term Experimental and Management Plan (LTEMP) Environmental Impact Statement (EIS) process.

The effort to achieve fine-sediment conservation in the Colorado River ecosystem in Marble and Grand Canyons (CRe) is greatly constrained by the limited annual supply of fine sediments to the Colorado River from ephemeral tributaries. The challenge of rehabilitating sandbars when most of the fine-sediment once supplied to the CRe is now stored in Lake Powell reservoir has been described in many scientific articles and management documents. More than a decade of monitoring and research has demonstrated that eddy sandbars accumulate sand, as well as small amounts of clay and silt (hereafter referred to as mud), during short periods of relatively high flow, but these same sandbars typically erode during flows that occur in the months to years between the high flows requisite for sandbar building. Adoption of the HFE Protocol in 2012 established a formal procedure whereby seasonal sand and mud (together referred to as fine sediment) inflows are measured, and high flows are released from Glen Canyon Dam with the purpose of redistributing that sand and mud from the channel bed to eddies. The long-term effect of the HFE Protocol depends on the relative “gain” to eddy sandbars that occurs during the short controlled floods and the intervening “loss” that occurs during other times. The Environmental Assessment for Development and Implementation of a Protocol for High-Flow Experimental Releases from Glen Canyon Dam (hereafter referred to as the HFE Protocol EA) asked, "Can sandbar building during HFEs exceed sandbar erosion during periods between HFEs, such that sandbar size can be increased and maintained over several years?" In other words, does the volume of sand aggraded into eddies and onto sandbars during controlled floods exceed the volume eroded from sandbars during intervening dam operations?

Thus, one of the most important objectives of this project is to monitor the changes in sandbars over many years, including a period that contains several controlled floods, in order to compile the information required to answer the fundamental question of the HFE Protocol EA. The monitoring program described here continues the program implemented in the FY13–14 Biennial Work Plan and is based on annual measurements of sandbars, using conventional topographic surveys supplemented with daily measurements of sandbar change using ‘remote cameras’ that autonomously and repeatedly take photographs. Because these long-term monitoring sites represent only a small proportion of the total number of sandbars in Marble and Grand Canyons, this project also includes (1) the analysis of a much larger sample of sandbars, using airborne remote-sensing data of the entire CRe collected every 4 years, and (2) periodic measurements of nearly all sandbars within individual 50 to 130 km river segments.

Another critical piece of information that will be needed to evaluate the outcome of the HFE Protocol and the LTEMP EIS will be the change in total sand storage in long river segments. HFEs build sandbars by redistributing sand from the low-elevation portion of the channel to sandbars in eddies and on the banks. The sand available for bar building is the sand that is in storage within the channel, which is the sum of the sand contributed by the most recent tributary inputs, all the sand that has accumulated during the decades since Glen Canyon Dam was completed, and any sand that remains from the pre-dam era. The goal of the HFE protocol is to accomplish sandbar building by mobilizing only as much sand as is most recently contributed by the Paria River. Some of the mobilized sand is deposited in eddies where it maintains and builds eddy sandbars. Some of the sand is eventually transported downstream to Lake Mead reservoir. The most efficient floods for the purposes of sandbar building are those that maximize eddy sandbar aggradation yet minimize the amount of sand transported far downstream, thus minimizing losses to sand storage. Dam operations between HFEs also transport sand downstream, causing decreases in sand storage. If sand storage is maintained or increased, scientists expect the response to future HFEs to be similar to or better than that observed following recent HFEs. In contrast, depleted conditions of fine sediment in the active channel are potentially irreversible and threaten the long-term ability to rehabilitate eddy sandbars. Although the total amount of sand in the active channel is not known and may never be known, changes in the topography of the channel measured in this project reveal where fine sediment accumulates, where it becomes depleted, and whether or not older fine sediment deposits are being progressively eroded by HFEs and other parts of the flow regime.

This project also includes five research and development components: (1) improving methods for making sandbar surveys rapidly and at low cost; (2) investigating bedload sand transport; (3) developing a method to estimate the thickness of submerged sand deposits, (4) developing a method to map submerged aquatic vegetation, and (5) developing of a new largescale sandbar deposition/erosion model. These projects are, respectively, designed to improve monitoring methods, improve estimates of sand transport, develop a new tool to estimate total sand storage, develop a new tool to map submerged aquatic vegetation and improve acoustic bed sediment classifications, and develop new tools for predicting how management actions including HFEs and daily dam operations affect resources.

Project 4. Connectivity along the fluvial-aeolian-hillslope continuum: Quantifying the relative importance of river-related factors that influence upland geomorphology and archaeological site stability

The rate and magnitude of wind transport of sand from active channel sandbars to higher elevation valley margins potentially affects the stability of archaeological sites and the characteristics of other cultural and natural resources. The degree to which valley margin areas are affected by upslope wind redistribution of sand is called “connectivity”. Connectivity is affected by several factors including the sand source as well as physical and vegetative barriers to sand transport. The primary hypothesis of this project is that high degrees of connectivity lead to potentially greater archaeological site stability.

This project is responsive to recommendations from stakeholders in the Glen Canyon Dam Adaptive Management Program. The Bureau of Reclamation, the National Park Service, and the tribes, collectively have identified the need for science that will improve understanding of how cultural resources are linked to modern river processes. This project proposal is composed of two integrated elements; the first (4.1) is a research element, and the second (4.2) is a monitoring element. The research element (4.1) consists of three sub-elements that are landscape scale analyses that will examine the connectivity between attributes of the active channel and geomorphic processes and patterns at higher elevations (above the 45,000 ft3/s stage) at several temporal and geographic scales. In the monitoring element (4.2), a year (2015) will be invested to develop and draft a long-term monitoring plan to evaluate if and how much the interactions between fluvial, aeolian, and hillslope processes affect the condition of cultural resource sites in the Colorado River corridor. The monitoring plan will be drafted by USGS scientists with close collaboration from tribes, National Park Service, and Bureau of Reclamation. The monitoring plan will be implemented in years 2 and 3 (2016 and 2017, respectively) of the triennial workplan effort.

Project 5. Foodbase Monitoring and Research

The productivity of the aquatic foodbase, particularly invertebrates, fuels production and growth of fishes in the Colorado River. However, recent studies by Kennedy and collaborators have shown that the productivity of this foodbase is low. Further, the foodbase in Grand Canyon is dominated by only two groups of invertebrates: midges and blackflies, both of which are small-bodied, relatively low-quality prey. Larger, more nutritious aquatic insects such as mayflies, stoneflies, and caddisflies (hereafter, EPT), are virtually absent throughout Glen, Marble, and Grand Canyons. These conditions of low invertebrate productivity and the absence of high quality invertebrate prey have resulted in a fishery throughout Glen, Marble, and Grand Canyons that is food-limited, negatively affecting the abundance of native fishes such as humpback chub (Gila cypha), as well as the growth of recreationally-important non-native rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). If the factors and stressors affecting this low foodbase productivity and diversity can be isolated, adaptive management experimentation intended to ameliorate these stressors, and benefit the productivity and diversity of the aquatic foodbase, could be considered.

In this proposal, we describe a multi-faceted approach to better understanding the conditions effecting the low productivity and diversity of the foodbase in the Colorado River, as well as an experiment to potentially improve these conditions. We focus principally on two methods: sampling emergent aquatic insect adults on land, and sampling aquatic invertebrate larvae in the drift. Sampling emergent insects allows for the observation of large-scale patterns in insect dynamics through time and over large spatial scales, such as throughout the entire Colorado River in Grand Canyon. In contrast, sampling invertebrate drift allows us to understand the finescale factors affecting invertebrate populations, particularly during a phase (drifting in the water column) in which these invertebrates are most available to fish. To a lesser extent, we also describe the continuation of a monitoring effort to estimate algae production in the Colorado River, which represents the base of the entire aquatic food web and the food resources available to these invertebrate populations.

Many of the studies we propose here are logical continuations of projects initiated in FY13– 14, such as an expansion of the citizen science monitoring of emergent insects and the development of a more mechanistic understanding of the factors controlling invertebrate drift. In addition, we intend to synthesize published datasets to explore the factors affecting invertebrate productivity, diversity, and EPT abundance throughout tailwaters in the Intermountain West. We will couple this synthesis with natural history observations and lab studies of invertebrates in the Colorado River and adjacent ecosystems. The goal of those studies is to better understand how the specific insects present in the Colorado River and its tributaries in Glen, Marble, and Grand Canyons respond to environmental conditions such as altered temperature regimes and daily hydropeaking. We also propose to carry out insect emergence and drift studies in other Colorado River Basin tailwaters and in Cataract Canyon to better characterize aquatic foodbase conditions in reference ecosystems, and to determine whether the foodbase downstream of Glen Canyon is unique, or broadly similar to other river segments in the region. Finally, based on logic described below, we identify recruitment limitation of insects as a primary stressor limiting both invertebrate production and the colonization of EPT in the Colorado River in Glen, Marble, and Grand Canyons. Accordingly, we outline a flow experiment that could be implemented in FY15– 17 involving weekend summer steady flows that may mitigate this recruitment limitation. If successful, this experiment would improve the short- and long-term productivity and diversity of the aquatic foodbase and, ultimately, the condition of fish populations and the stability of food webs in the Colorado River.

Project 6. Mainstem Colorado River Humpback Chub Aggregations and Fish Community Dynamics

Native and nonnative fish populations in Glen and Grand Canyons are key resources of concern influencing decisions on both the operation of Glen Canyon Dam and non-flow actions. To inform these decisions, it is imperative that accurate and timely information on the status of fish populations, particularly the endangered humpback chub (Gila cypha), be available to managers. A suite of adaptive experimental management actions are either underway or being contemplated to better understand the mechanisms controlling the population dynamics of fish in the Colorado River in Glen and Grand Canyons and to identify policies that are consistent with the attainment of management goals. Much effort has been and continues to be focused on humpback chub and rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) both in the reach of the Colorado River from Glen Canyon Dam to the Little Colorado River (LCR) confluence and in the LCR itself (see Projects 7 and 9). While this work is important and meets critical information needs, it is also important to have robust monitoring of mainstem fish populations downstream of the LCR confluence. Status and trend information is needed to further understand mechanisms controlling native and nonnative fish population dynamics, determine the effects of dam operations and other management actions, and identify evolving threats presented by expansion in range or numbers of nonnative predators. This type of information is also potentially useful in assessing changes to the Federal Endangered Species Act listing status of humpback chub in Grand Canyon.

Sampling mainstem humpback chub aggregations has been conducted periodically over the last two decades. Fish were sampled by hoop and trammel nets at aggregations first described by Valdez and Ryel (1995). Most captures of humpback chub in the mainstem Colorado River have been downstream of the LCR (Persons and others, in preparation). Continuing to sample for humpback chub in the mainstem river outside of the LCR and the LCR confluence area is important for monitoring the status of the Grand Canyon population of this endangered species and determining the effects of management actions like dam operations and translocations. During the last few years the first 75 miles of the Colorado River downstream of Glen Canyon Dam has been sampled extensively for fish by several projects including the following projects in the USGS Grand Canyon Monitoring and Research Center’s (GCMRC) FY11–12 and FY13–14 work plans:

  • E.2 Juvenile Chub Monitoring Project near the LCR confluence Near Shore Ecology Project; BIO 2.R15.11 in FY11–12; and Project Element F.3 in FY13–14,
  • H.2 Rainbow Trout Movement Project, a.k.a. the Rainbow Trout Natal Origins Project; Project Element BIO 2.E18 in FY11–12; and Project Element F.6 in FY13–14,
  • D.4 System Wide Electrofishing Projectl; Project Element BIO 2.M4 in FY11–12; and Project Element F.1 in FY13–14
  • H.1 Lees Ferry Trout Monitoring Project; Project Element BIO 4.M2 in FY11–12; and Project Element F.2 in FY13–14
  • D.7 Rainbow Trout Early Life Stage Survey Project; RTELSS, Project Element BIO 4.M2 in FY11–12; and Project Element F.2.2 in FY13–14

The remaining portion of the Colorado River downstream of Glen Canyon Dam (between approximately the LCR and Lake Mead) has been sampled using standardized methods since 2000 as described in Project 6.4, the System Wide Electrofishing Project and since 2010 as described in Project 6.1, the Mainstem Humpback Chub Aggregation Monitoring Project. In order to improve efficiencies and to reduce duplication of effort, GCMRC and cooperating agencies conducting fisheries monitoring and research propose to coordinate and/or combine several project elements in GCRMC’s FY15–17 work plan. These include the Juvenile Chub Monitoring project and System Wide Electrofishing effort (see Project Elements 7.2 and 6.4) as well as the Rainbow Trout Natal Origins study and Lees Ferry Trout Monitoring (see Project Elements 9.1 and 9.2). In general, this will mean a reduction of electrofishing effort in the first 70 miles of the Colorado River downstream of Glen Canyon Dam and a focus on obtaining abundance estimates rather than catch per unit effort (CPUE) indices through the updated Lees Ferry Rainbow Trout Monitoring project (see Project Elements 9.1 and 9.2). Systematic sampling of the mainstem Colorado River downstream of the Juvenile Chub Monitoring (see Project Element 7.2) reference site (River Mile (RM) 63-64.5) will continue under Project Elements 6.1, 6.2, and 6.4 (see Section 4) and will continue to collect and analyze species composition and CPUE data.

Project 6 is comprised of eight Project Elements and includes monitoring and research projects in the mainstem Colorado River, with particular emphasis on humpback chub aggregations. Over the last several years humpback chub in the LCR aggregation have increased in abundance (Coggins and Walters, 2009; Van Haverbeke and others, 2013; Yackulic and others, 2014). Humpback chub at many other aggregations have also increased in abundance, and some aggregations appear to have increased their distribution (Persons and others, in preparation). Recruitment to aggregations may come from local reproduction (e.g. 30 Mile aggregation; Andersen and others, 2010; Middle Granite Gorge Aggregation; Douglas and Douglas, 2007), the LCR aggregation, and translocations to Shinumo and Havasu Creeks. Annual monitoring of the status and trends of the mainstem humpback chub aggregations has been identified as a conservation measure in a recent Biological Opinion (U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, 2011) and will continue to be monitored in Project Element 6.1, although effort will be reduced to a single trip per year down from two trips annually in the FY13–14 work plan. We will also continue to sample in conjunction with the National Park Service (NPS) near Shinumo Creek and Havasu Creek to assess contribution of translocated humpback chub to mainstem aggregations.

Understanding recruitment at aggregations continues to be an area of uncertainty. Humpback chub otolith microchemistry (Hayden and others, 2012; Limburg and others, 2013) was proposed as a method to determine sources of humpback chub recruitment in the FY13–14 Work Plan. However, due to Tribal concerns about directed take of humpback chub we were unable to collect the otoliths necessary for these analyses. During FY15–16 we plan to further evaluate the use of otolith microchemistry to identify surrogate fish hatched in Shinumo Creek, Havasu Creek, 30-Mile springs or other locations in Project Element 6.2. We will work with NPS staff to collect water samples and otoliths from brown trout (Salmo trutta), rainbow trout, and other fishes sacrificed as part of their trout removal activities. We will also make use of any humpback chub incidentally killed during other sampling efforts. Further, we will place additional emphasis on catching and marking juvenile humpback chub to assist in determining sources of recruitment to aggregations. During FY15–16 we propose to evaluate slow shocking and seining as methods to capture and mark more juvenile humpback chub with passive integrated transponder (PIT) tags in order to assess juvenile humpback chub survival and recruitment to aggregations. This will also provide a possible method to assess dispersal of juvenile humpback chub marked in the LCR with visible implant elastomer (VIE) and PIT tags (see Project Element 7.3).

Project Element 6.3 will continue efforts that began in the FY13–14 work plan to locate additional aggregations by standardized sampling and by the use of remotely deployed PIT-tag antennas. GCMRC has had success in deploying relatively portable PIT-tag antennas in the LCR and proposes to work with NPS and U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) personnel to develop antenna systems that can be deployed at mainstem aggregations and other locations to detect PIT-tagged fish. If successful, these systems will provide an opportunity for collaborative citizen science with commercial and scientific river trips whereby river guides could deploy antennas overnight at camp sites in an attempt to detect PIT-tagged fish in areas not sampled during mainstem fish monitoring trips.

The System Wide Electrofishing Project (Project Element 6.4) will continue to collect longterm monitoring data following the methods described in Makinster and others, (2010) and will evaluate the efficacy of a mark-recapture approach downstream of the LCR confluence. To eliminate duplicative efforts, we propose that sampling be conducted in areas not sampled by the Rainbow Trout Natal Origins and the Juvenile Chub Monitoring projects (Project Elements 7.2 and 9.2). We will also increase sampling effort downstream of Diamond Creek to monitor for native and non-native fishes. Continued concerns over upstream movement of non-native warmwater predatory species such as striped bass (Morone saxatilis), largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides), channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus) and walleye (Sander vitreus) from Lake Mead highlight the need to continue to monitor the river for non-native fishes. Electrofishing is effective at capturing bass species, sunfishes (Centrarchidae), and walleye, so this sampling should detect upstream movements of these species. Channel catfish on the other hand, are not effectively captured by electrofishing, so monitoring of catfish distribution by standardized angling (Persons and others, 2013) will continue during electrofishing trips. Standardized electrofishing sampling is also effective at capturing native sucker species including flannelmouth sucker (Catostomus latipinnis), bluehead sucker (Catostomus discobolus), and razorback sucker (Xyrauchen texanus). Recent captures of razorback sucker downstream of Diamond Creek by this project have been widely publicized and ongoing monitoring will help document if this once extirpated species continues its apparent recolonization of Grand Canyon.

Nonnative brown trout are effective fish predators known to preferentially prey on native Colorado River fishes including humpback chub (Yard and others, 2011). Determining the source or sources of this species in Grand Canyon will help scientists and managers better target efforts aimed at controlling this threat to native fish populations (see Project Element 8.1). Project Element 6.5 will conduct research on the use of brown trout pigment patterns to identify natal origins of brown trout; data and images will be collected during the System Wide Electrofishing Project and other projects that encounter brown trout. One risk to the Grand Canyon humpback chub population is that it includes only one selfsustaining spawning population, the LCR aggregation. The USFWS has identified the establishment of a second self-sustaining spawning population of humpback chub as an important step towards recovery of this endangered species (U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service 1995). Project Element 6.6 will develop plans and conduct necessary compliance activities to experimentally translocate humpback chub from the LCR to a mainstem aggregation in 2016 or later.

The Rainbow Trout Early Life Stage Survey (Project Element 6.7 - RTELLS) seasonally monitors rainbow trout egg deposition and population early life history dynamics, particularly age-0 survival in Glen Canyon. This project in particular, provides managers with an initial indication of the annual cohort strength of rainbow trout recruiting into the population. Findings from this also have relevance to the Natal Origin research project (see Project Element 9.2). The Lees Ferry Creel Survey (Project Element 6.8) monitors the health of the rainbow trout fishery and provides information on the influence of Glen Canyon Dam operations, other management actions, and natural disturbances on recreational fishing. Information on the levels of direct harvest as well as angler use and satisfaction of the important recreational fishery is also provided.

Project 7. Population Ecology of Humpback Chub in and around the Little Colorado River

Project 8. Experimental Actions to Increase Abundance and Distribution of Native Fishes in Grand Canyon

Project 9. Understanding the Factors Determining Recruitment, Population Size, Growth, and Movement of Rainbow Trout in Glen and Marble Canyons

Project 10. Where does the Glen Canyon Dam rainbow trout tailwater fishery end? - Integrating Fish and Channel Mapping Data below Glen Canyon Dam

Project 11. Riparian Vegetation Monitoring and Analysis of Riparian Vegetation, Landform Change and Aquatic-Terrestrial linkages to Faunal Communities

Project 12. Changes in the Distribution and Abundance of Culturally-Important Plants in the Colorado River Ecosystem: A Pilot Study to Explore Relationships between Vegetation Change and Traditional Cultural Values

Project 13. Socioeconomic Monitoring and Research

Project 14. Geographic Information Systems (GIS) Services and Support

Project 15. Administration

Appendices

Appendix 2-A. Fiscal Year 2015 Funding Recommendation
Appendix 2-B. Fiscal Year 2015 Budget
Appendix 2-C. Fiscal Year 2016 Budget
Appendix 2-D. Fiscal Year 2017 Budget
Appendix 3. Logistics and Schedules of River Trips and Field Work
Appendix 4. TWG Triennial Budget Input FY15–17 Consensus by full TWG on April 9, 2014


Documents and Links

Science Questions and Information Needs

Papers and Presentations

2015

2014

2013

2012

2011

Other Stuff

  • Experimental fund: Monitoring and Research Plan page 8: In 2003, the GCDAMP established a fund to pay for experimental research projects so that they can be conducted without financially impacting other aspects of the science program. The current balance of the experimental fund at the end of the FY2007 is anticipated to be approximately $900,000. An additional $500,000 will be set aside by the GCMRC annually in an account at Reclamation to fund the BHBF tests and other research related to experimental efforts.1 Deposits to the experimental account will cease when the balance reaches $2.5 million.