Difference between revisions of "GCDAMP RAZU Fish"
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| − | == | + | ==Razorback sucker (''Xyrauchen texanus'')== |
Three to 5 million years ago, a unique-looking fish with a sharp-edged hump “razorback” behind its head swam the Colorado River and its tributaries. The razorback sucker is an endangered, native fish of the Colorado River and the only member of the genus Xyrauchen. It has a dark, brownish-green upper body with a yellow to white-colored belly and an abrupt, bony hump on its back shaped like an upside-down boat keel. | Three to 5 million years ago, a unique-looking fish with a sharp-edged hump “razorback” behind its head swam the Colorado River and its tributaries. The razorback sucker is an endangered, native fish of the Colorado River and the only member of the genus Xyrauchen. It has a dark, brownish-green upper body with a yellow to white-colored belly and an abrupt, bony hump on its back shaped like an upside-down boat keel. | ||
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Research shows that young razorback sucker can remain in floodplain wetlands where they grow to adult size. As they mature, razorback sucker leave the wetlands in search of deep eddies and backwaters where they remain relatively sedentary, staying mostly in quiet water near the shore. | Research shows that young razorback sucker can remain in floodplain wetlands where they grow to adult size. As they mature, razorback sucker leave the wetlands in search of deep eddies and backwaters where they remain relatively sedentary, staying mostly in quiet water near the shore. | ||
| − | In the spring, razorback sucker return to the spawning bar, often quite a long distance away, to begin the life cycle again. | + | In the spring, razorback sucker return to the spawning bar, often quite a long distance away, to begin the life cycle again.[http://www.coloradoriverrecovery.org/general-information/the-fish/razorback-sucker.html] |
| + | ==Razorback suckers in Grand Canyon== | ||
| + | |||
| + | The razorback sucker was thought to be extirpated, or locally extinct, from Grand Canyon until 2012 when several adult razorback suckers were captured in the western Grand Canyon during surveying work. Prior to these occurrences, razorback suckers were last found in Grand Canyon more than 20 years ago. Recently, they have been found spawning in the Colorado River inflow at the upper end of Lake Mead. The National Park Service is currently planning studies to determine the status of the species in Grand Canyon. | ||
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| + | Prior to the constructions of dams on the Colorado River and other human-caused alternations to their habitat, razorback suckers were widely distributed in the Colorado River and its major tributaries, and were typically found in calm flat-water reaches. There are at least ten historical records of razorback suckers caught in Grand Canyon, including a specimen caught in Bright Angel Creek in 1944. Today, the largest population, and possibly only population of wild reproducing razorback suckers, is in Lake Mead. | ||
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| + | The species was listed as endangered in 1991. Critical habitat, including all of Grand Canyon National Park, for the species was determined in 1994.[https://www.nps.gov/grca/learn/nature/fish-razorback-sucker.htm] | ||
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| − | + | ==Status and distribution== | |
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*Listed as endangered and given full protection under the Endangered Species Act in 1991. | *Listed as endangered and given full protection under the Endangered Species Act in 1991. | ||
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*Historically, the razorback sucker was widespread and abundant in the Colorado River and its tributaries. | *Historically, the razorback sucker was widespread and abundant in the Colorado River and its tributaries. | ||
| − | Today all populations of razorback sucker are supplemented with stocked fish except for the Lake Mead population. Lakes Mead and Mohave are the only population with wild fish. | + | Today all populations of razorback sucker are supplemented with stocked fish except for the Lake Mead population. Lakes Mead and Mohave are the only population with wild fish.[http://www.coloradoriverrecovery.org/general-information/the-fish/razorback-sucker.html ] |
| − | + | ==Working to recover the species== | |
Actions being taken to recover the razorback sucker include: | Actions being taken to recover the razorback sucker include: | ||
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Razorback sucker raised at these facilities are stocked in the Colorado, Green, and Gunnison rivers. Efforts to reestablish populations through stocking demonstrate success as stocked fish survive to sexual maturity and reproduce. Fish stocked in the Colorado and Green rivers have been recaptured in reproductive condition and often in spawning groups. Captures of larvae in the Green and Gunnison rivers document reproduction and their survival through the first year is evidenced by subsequent captures of juveniles. | Razorback sucker raised at these facilities are stocked in the Colorado, Green, and Gunnison rivers. Efforts to reestablish populations through stocking demonstrate success as stocked fish survive to sexual maturity and reproduce. Fish stocked in the Colorado and Green rivers have been recaptured in reproductive condition and often in spawning groups. Captures of larvae in the Green and Gunnison rivers document reproduction and their survival through the first year is evidenced by subsequent captures of juveniles. | ||
| − | Stocked fish are moving between the Green, Colorado, and Gunnison rivers. This exchange of individuals between rivers suggests that razorback sucker may eventually form a network of populations or subpopulations. | + | Stocked fish are moving between the Green, Colorado, and Gunnison rivers. This exchange of individuals between rivers suggests that razorback sucker may eventually form a network of populations or subpopulations.[http://www.coloradoriverrecovery.org/general-information/the-fish/razorback-sucker.html ] |
| − | + | ==Recovery goals== | |
Razorback sucker will be considered eligible for downlisting from “endangered” to “threatened” and for removal from Endangered Species Act protection (delisting) when all of the following conditions are met: | Razorback sucker will be considered eligible for downlisting from “endangered” to “threatened” and for removal from Endangered Species Act protection (delisting) when all of the following conditions are met: | ||
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*Other identifiable threats that could significantly affect the population are removed. | *Other identifiable threats that could significantly affect the population are removed. | ||
| + | '''Downlisting Criteria''' <br> | ||
| + | Over a 5-year monitoring period: | ||
| + | *Maintain reestablished populations in Green River subbasin and EITHER in upper Colorado River subbasin or in San Juan River, each > 5,800 adults | ||
| + | *Maintain established genetic refuge* of adults in Lake Mohave | ||
| + | *Maintain two reestablished populations in lower basin, each > 5,800 adults | ||
| + | |||
| + | '''Delisting Criteria''' <br> | ||
| + | For 3 years beyond downlisting: | ||
| + | *Maintain populations in Green River subbasin and EITHER in upper Colorado River subbasin or in San Juan River, each > 5,800 adults | ||
| + | *Maintain genetic* refuge of adults in Lake Mohave | ||
| + | *Maintain two populations in lower basin, each > 5,800 adults [http://www.coloradoriverrecovery.org/general-information/the-fish/razorback-sucker.html ] | ||
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| + | {| width="100%" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="5" style="vertical-align:top; background:#f5faff;" | ||
| + | ! <h2 style="margin:0; background:#cedff2; font-size:120%; font-weight:bold; border:1px solid #a3b0bf; text-align:left; color:#000; padding:0.2em 0.4em;"> Links </h2> | ||
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| + | *[http://www.coloradoriverrecovery.org/index.html Upper Colorado River Endangered Fish Recovery Program] | ||
| + | *[https://www.fws.gov/southwest/sjrip/ San Juan River Basin Recovery Implementation Program] | ||
| + | *[https://www.lcrmscp.gov/fish/razorback_sucker.html Lower Colorado River Multi-Species Conservation Program] | ||
| + | *[http://www.nativefishlab.net/?cat=7 Native Fish Lab of Marsh & Associates LLC] | ||
|- | |- | ||
| − | ! <h2 style="margin:0; background:#cedff2; font-size:120%; font-weight:bold; border:1px solid #a3b0bf; text-align:left; color:#000; padding:0.2em 0.4em;"> | + | ! <h2 style="margin:0; background:#cedff2; font-size:120%; font-weight:bold; border:1px solid #a3b0bf; text-align:left; color:#000; padding:0.2em 0.4em;"> Documents </h2> |
|- | |- | ||
|style="color:#000;"| | |style="color:#000;"| | ||
| − | + | *[http://www.coloradoriverrecovery.org/documents-publications/foundational-documents/recoverygoals/Razorbacksucker%20SSA%20FINAL%20Aug%202018.pdf 2018 Razorback Sucker Species Status Assessment] | |
| − | *[http://www. | + | *[http://www.coloradoriverrecovery.org/documents-publications/foundational-documents/recoverygoals/2018_Razorback_sucker_5-year_Final.pdf 2018 Razorback Sucker 5-Year Review] |
| − | *[http://www. | + | *[http://www.coloradoriverrecovery.org/documents-publications/foundational-documents/recoverygoals/RBS5-yearStatusReview.pdf 2012 Razorback Sucker 5-Year Review] |
| − | *[ | + | *[https://www.fws.gov/southwest/sjrip/pdf/DOC_Recovery_Goals_Razorback_sucker_2002.pdf?bcsi_scan_16614fa24ff8c4a5=0&bcsi_scan_filename=DOC_Recovery_Goals_Razorback_sucker_2002.pdf 2002 Razorback Sucker Recovery Goals] |
| + | *[https://www.fws.gov/southwest/es/arizona/Documents/RecoveryPlans/Razorback_Sucker_98.pdf 1998 Razorback Sucker Recovery Plan] | ||
| − | + | |- | |
| − | + | ! <h2 style="margin:0; background:#cedff2; font-size:120%; font-weight:bold; border:1px solid #a3b0bf; text-align:left; color:#000; padding:0.2em 0.4em;"> Reports and Publications </h2> | |
| − | + | |- | |
| − | + | |style="color:#000;"| | |
| + | '''2023''' | ||
| + | *[[Media:2023 Biowest Razorback Sucker Monitoring Annual Report.pdf| Razorback Sucker Xyrauchen texanus Research and Monitoring in the Colorado River Inflow Area of Lake Mead and the Lower Grand Canyon, Arizona and Nevada 2023 FINAL ANNUAL REPORT]] | ||
| + | |||
| + | '''2022''' | ||
| + | *[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/twg/2022-10-13-twg-meeting/20221013-AssessmentPotentialAugmentationManagementStrategiesRazorbackSucker-508-UCRO.pdf HIGHLIGHTS OF: Assessment of Potential Augmentation and Management Strategies for Razorback Sucker Xyrauchen texanusin Lake Mead and Grand Canyon: A 2021 Science Panel Summary ] | ||
| + | *[[Media:Razorback Sucker Monitoring Annual Report 2022.pdf| Razorback Sucker Xyrauchen texanus Research and Monitoring in the Colorado River Inflow Area of Lake Mead and the Lower Grand Canyon, Arizona and Nevada 2022 FINAL ANNUAL REPORT]] | ||
| + | |||
| + | '''2021''' | ||
| + | *[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/twg/2021-01-22-twg-meeting/20210122-TWGMeeting-LTEMPBiologicalOpinionConservationMeasuresUpdate-508-UCRO.pdf Long-Term Experimental and Management Plan Biological Opinion Conservation Measures Update ] | ||
| + | |||
| + | '''2019''' | ||
| + | *[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/twg/2019-05-01-twg-meeting/20190501-RazorbackSuckerSSA5-yearReview-Presentation-508-UCRO.pdf Razorback Sucker SSA and 5-year Review Presentation ] | ||
| + | *[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/amwg/2019-03-06-amwg-meeting/20190306-ProposedDownlistingHumpbackChubRazorbackSuckerUpdate-Presentation-508-UCRO.pdf Proposed Downlisting of the Humpback Chub and Razorback Sucker Update] | ||
| + | |||
| + | '''2018''' | ||
| + | *[[Media:2018 RBS CRI LGC.pdf| Razorback Sucker Xyrauchen texanus Research and Monitoring in the Colorado River Inflow Area of Lake Mead and the Lower Grand Canyon, Arizona and Nevada 2018 FINAL ANNUAL REPORT]] | ||
| + | *[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UKxERIqySEE&feature=youtu.be Razorback & Flannelmouth Sucker Hybridization] | ||
| + | *[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/twg/2018-01-25-twg-meeting/AR19.pdf Razorback Sucker Xyrauchen texanus research and monitoring in the Colorado River inflow area of Lake Mead and Grand Canyon, Arizona and Nevada PPT] | ||
| + | *[[Media:ALBRECHT.PDF| Albrecht et al., 2018, Use of inflow areas in two Colorado River basin reservoirs by the endangered razorback sucker (Xyrauchen texanus), Western North American Naturalist]] | ||
| + | |||
| + | '''2017''' | ||
| + | *[https://watershed.ucdavis.edu/education/classes/files/content/page/RBrennan_GrandCanyon_Razorback_Sucker-Revised.pdf Conservation Status of the Razorback Sucker in the Colorado River Basin] | ||
| + | *[[Media:CRI LGC 2017 Final.pdf| BioWest-Razorback Sucker 2017 Final Report]] | ||
| + | *[http://www.bioone.org/doi/10.1894/0038-4909-62.3.227 Kegerries et al. 2017. Occurrence and Reproduction by Razorback Sucker (Xyrauchen texanus) in the Grand Canyon, Arizona. Southwest Naturalist.] | ||
| + | *[[Media:2017 Razorback Sucker Science Panel Review Final 4-2017.pdf| Three-Year Review of Razorback Sucker Xyrauchen texanus Research in Grand Canyon and Colorado River Inflow to Lake Mead: A Science Panel Report]] | ||
| + | *[[Media:CRI LGC Aug 17 (1).docx| MONTHLY PROGRESS REPORT August 2017: Razorback Sucker Research & Monitoring Work - Lower Grand Canyon & Colorado River ]] | ||
| + | *[[Media:CRI LGC July 17 (1).docx| MONTHLY PROGRESS REPORT July 2017: Razorback Sucker Research & Monitoring Work - Lower Grand Canyon & Colorado River ]] | ||
| + | *[https://www.lcrmscp.gov/crab/presentations/2017/crab17_30.pdf Razorback Sucker Research and Monitoring in the Colorado River Inflow Area of Lake Mead and the Lower Grand Canyon] | ||
| + | *[https://www.lcrmscp.gov/crab/presentations/2017/crab17_31.pdf Increased Upstream Detection of Larval Razorback Sucker, Colorado River in Grand Canyon, 2016] | ||
| + | |||
| + | '''2015''' | ||
| + | *[[Media:CRI LGC 15 FINAL.docx| 2015 FINAL ANNUAL REPORT: Razorback Sucker Xyrauchen texanus Research and Monitoring in the Colorado River Inflow Area of Lake Mead and the Lower Grand Canyon, Arizona and Nevada ]] | ||
| + | *[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/twg/2015-04-21-twg-meeting/Attach_04a.pdf Razorback Sucker in Lower Grand Canyon and the Lake Mead Inflow Area--A History of the Species and Biological Opinions] | ||
| + | *[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/twg/2015-04-21-twg-meeting/Attach_04b.pdf Razorback Sucker Monitoring and Research in Lower Grand Canyon and the Colorado River Inflow Area of Lake Mead] | ||
| + | *[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/twg/2015-04-21-twg-meeting/Attach_04c.pdf Razorback Sucker ''Xyrauchen texanus'' Research and Monitoring in the Colorado River Inflow Area of Lake Mead and the Lower Grand Canyon, Arizona and Nevada] | ||
| + | |||
| + | '''2014''' | ||
| + | *[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/twg/2014-10-28-twg-meeting/Attach_14b.pdf New Information on Razorback Sucker in Western Grand Canyon and Lake Powell ] | ||
| + | *[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/amwg/2014-08-27-amwg-meeting/Attach_09.pdf New Information on Razorback Sucker in Western Grand Canyon ] | ||
| + | *[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/twg/2014-01-30-twg-meeting/AR_Healy_NF&RBS.pdf Native Fish Population Trends – Grand Canyon Tributaries Razorback Sucker: Status and Habitat Use (Healy)] | ||
| + | |||
| + | '''2012''' | ||
| + | *[https://www.lcrmscp.gov/crab/presentations/2012/crab12_recovery_goals_razorback_bonytail.pdf Recovery Planning for the Razorback Sucker and Bonytail in the Lower Colorado River Basin] | ||
| + | *[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/twg/2012-10-24-twg-meeting/Attach_06a.pdf The Potential of Habitat for the Razorback Sucker in the Lower Grand Canyon Report and PPT] | ||
| + | *[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/twg/2012-10-24-twg-meeting/Attach_06b.pdf Strategy for Establishing the Razorback Sucker in the Lower Grand Canyon and Lake Mead Inflow Report] | ||
| + | *[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/twg/2012-10-24-twg-meeting/Attach_06c.pdf Review and Summary of Razorback Sucker Habitat in the Colorado River System Report] | ||
| + | *[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/twg/2012-10-24-twg-meeting/Attach_06d.pdf Razorback Sucker in Lake Mead, Lake Powell and Lower Grand Canyon - What's New and What's Next PPT] | ||
| + | |||
| + | '''2009''' | ||
| + | *[https://www.fws.gov/endangered/news/bulletin-spring2009/the-razorback-sucker.html The Razorback Sucker: Back from the Brink] | ||
| + | *[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/amwg/2009-08-12-amwg-meeting/Attach_12a.pdf 2007 and 2008 Conservation Measures and Conservation Measures Razorback Sucker PPT] | ||
| + | *[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/amwg/2009-04-29-amwg-meeting/Attach_05a.pdf 2007 and 2008 Biological Opinions Conservation Measures Update] | ||
| + | *[https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/amwg/2009-04-29-amwg-meeting/Attach_05b.pdf Conservation Measures Razorback Sucker PPT] | ||
|- | |- | ||
| − | ! <h2 style="margin:0; background:#cedff2; font-size:120%; font-weight:bold; border:1px solid #a3b0bf; text-align:left; color:#000; padding:0.2em 0.4em;"> | + | ! <h2 style="margin:0; background:#cedff2; font-size:120%; font-weight:bold; border:1px solid #a3b0bf; text-align:left; color:#000; padding:0.2em 0.4em;"> LTEMP BiOp Conservation Measures for Razorback Sucker [https://www.fws.gov/southwest/es/arizona/Documents/Biol_Opin/120059_LTEMP%20BiOp_11-25-16.pdf] (2016) </h2> |
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| − | + | Ongoing actions: | |
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| − | + | ||
| − | + | Reclamation would continue to assist the NPS, FWS, and the GCDAMP in funding '''larval and small-bodied fish monitoring''' in order to: | |
| − | * | + | *Determine the extent of hybridization in flannelmouth and razorback sucker collected in the western Grand Canyon. |
| + | *Determine habitat use and distribution of different life stages of razorback sucker to assist in future management of flows that may help conserve the species. Sensitive habitats to flow fluctuations could be identified and prioritized for monitoring. | ||
| + | |||
| + | *Assess the effects of TMFs and other dam operations on razorback sucker. | ||
| + | |||
| + | |- | ||
| + | ! <h2 style="margin:0; background:#cedff2; font-size:120%; font-weight:bold; border:1px solid #a3b0bf; text-align:left; color:#000; padding:0.2em 0.4em;">Other Stuff</h2> | ||
| + | |- | ||
| + | |style="color:#000;"| | ||
| + | |||
| + | *[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pHJl5JWEzsY Endangered fish, razorback sucker spawning] | ||
| + | *[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Hrx54ikrJqs Razorback Sucker Underwater Footage] | ||
| + | *[[Media:Razorback Sucker- LStevens.m4a|Audio]] | ||
| + | *[[Razorback Sucker- EP| Script ]] | ||
| + | |||
| + | ---- | ||
| + | |||
| + | *Larvae collected as far upstream as Havasu Creek [https://www.usbr.gov/uc/rm/amp/twg/mtgs/18jan25/AR19.pdf] | ||
| + | *Radio-tagged adult migrated upstream from Diamond Creek to just below Bright Angel Creek (2016) [https://www.usbr.gov/uc/rm/amp/twg/mtgs/18jan25/AR19.pdf] | ||
| + | *[http://biographic.com/posts/sto/in-search-of-suckers High Country News: Canyon’s depths—but will the razorback sucker stick around?] | ||
| + | *[http://azdailysun.com/news/local/razorback-sucker-turns-up-in-grand-canyon-after-years/article_c394491f-3afa-5ff7-870d-a5aa5cdb90c1.html?comment_form=true AZ Daily News: Razorback Sucker turns up in Grand Canyon after 20 years] | ||
| + | **The last one recorded had been caught in 1990. | ||
| + | **Caught October 9th, lower part of Grand Canyon believed to have traveled upstream some 50 miles from Lake Mead. | ||
|} | |} | ||
Latest revision as of 10:56, 15 December 2023
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Razorback sucker (Xyrauchen texanus)Three to 5 million years ago, a unique-looking fish with a sharp-edged hump “razorback” behind its head swam the Colorado River and its tributaries. The razorback sucker is an endangered, native fish of the Colorado River and the only member of the genus Xyrauchen. It has a dark, brownish-green upper body with a yellow to white-colored belly and an abrupt, bony hump on its back shaped like an upside-down boat keel. One of the largest suckers in North America, the razorback sucker can grow to 3 feet in length and can live for more than 40 years. Razorback sucker can reproduce at 3 to 4 years of age. Depending on water temperature, spawning can occur as early as November or as late as June. In the Upper Colorado River Basin razorback sucker typically spawn between mid-April and mid-June. Razorback sucker eat insects, plankton, and plant matter on the bottom of the river. To complete its life cycle, the razorback sucker moves between adult, spawning, and nursery habitats. Spawning occurs during high spring flows when razorback sucker migrate to cobble bars to lay their eggs. Larvae drift from the spawning areas and enter backwaters or floodplain wetlands that provide a nursery environment with quiet, warm, and shallow water. Research shows that young razorback sucker can remain in floodplain wetlands where they grow to adult size. As they mature, razorback sucker leave the wetlands in search of deep eddies and backwaters where they remain relatively sedentary, staying mostly in quiet water near the shore. In the spring, razorback sucker return to the spawning bar, often quite a long distance away, to begin the life cycle again.[1] Razorback suckers in Grand CanyonThe razorback sucker was thought to be extirpated, or locally extinct, from Grand Canyon until 2012 when several adult razorback suckers were captured in the western Grand Canyon during surveying work. Prior to these occurrences, razorback suckers were last found in Grand Canyon more than 20 years ago. Recently, they have been found spawning in the Colorado River inflow at the upper end of Lake Mead. The National Park Service is currently planning studies to determine the status of the species in Grand Canyon. Prior to the constructions of dams on the Colorado River and other human-caused alternations to their habitat, razorback suckers were widely distributed in the Colorado River and its major tributaries, and were typically found in calm flat-water reaches. There are at least ten historical records of razorback suckers caught in Grand Canyon, including a specimen caught in Bright Angel Creek in 1944. Today, the largest population, and possibly only population of wild reproducing razorback suckers, is in Lake Mead. The species was listed as endangered in 1991. Critical habitat, including all of Grand Canyon National Park, for the species was determined in 1994.[2] |
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Fish Species of the Colorado River in Lower Glen Canyon and Grand Canyon |
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