CULTURAL

Cultural and Archaeological Resources The lower reaches of Glen Canyon and the river corridor through Grand Canyon National Park, Arizona, have been used by humans for at least 13,000 years. Today, at least nine contemporary Native American Tribes claim traditional cultural ties to this area. Grand Canyon National Park contains more than 4,000 documented prehistoric and historic sites, and about 420 of these sites are located in proximity to the Colorado River. The lower reaches of Glen Canyon contain an additional 55 sites. In addition to archaeological sites, cultural resources along the Colorado River corridor include historic structures and other types of historic properties, as well as biological and physical resources that are of traditional cultural importance to Native American peoples such as springs, unique landforms, mineral deposits, native plant concentrations, and various animal species. LTEMP Resource Goal for Archaeological and Cultural Resources Maintain the integrity of potentially affected NRHP-eligible or listed historic properties in place, where possible, with preservation methods employed on a site-specific basis. Desired Future Condition for Cultural Resources Prehistoric Archaeological Sites and Historic Sites: To the extent feasible, maintain significance and integrity through preservation in place. • If preservation in place is not feasible or reasonable, then implementation of appropriate preservation treatments will be implemented to ensure reduction or elimination of threats consistent with NPS management policies, tribal traditional values and historic preservation law. • Public access to historic properties on tribal lands is managed by the respective tribes. On lands administered by the NPS, access to some sites for users of the river corridor is maintained as long as integrity of the sites in not compromised.

Tribal Ecological Knowledge	Cultural Resources Library	Tribal Perspectives

Updates https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/twg/2022-01-13-twg-meeting/20220113-AnnualReportingMeeting-2021LTEMPArchaeologicalSiteSection106Monitoring-508-UCRO.pdf https://www.usbr.gov/uc/progact/amp/twg/2022-01-13-twg-meeting/20220113-AnnualReportingMeeting-2021LTEMPArchaeologicalSiteSection106Monitoring-508-UCRO.pdf https://www.usbr.gov/uc/rm/amp/twg/mtgs/17jan26/AR5_Sankey.pdf https://www.usbr.gov/uc/rm/amp/twg/mtgs/17jan26/AR5_Sankey.pdf

Information and Links GCMRC Annual Reports page 2006 Colorado River Management Plan Grand Canyon National Park Archeological Resources page Grand Canyon River Archeology Virtual Tour USGS-GCMRC Cultural Resources Link Cultural Resources (CRAHG) AdHoc Group Tribal Resources Page 2017 LTEMP Programmatic Agreement 2018 LTEMP Historic Preservation Plan Draft plan for monitoring effects of geomorphic processes at archaeological sites in Grand & Glen Canyon. 10/7/15 Over Flights Page Cultural Projects Aeolian Sand Transport Project Stakeholder Questions Does aeolian sand transport research support the use of anthropogenic sand bar building as a means to provide a source of aeolian sands to preserve and protect archaeological sites or would current stabilization measures carried out by the NPS be more likely to be successful, predictable, and immediate at protecting archaeological sites? Collin et al. 2016: Aeolian deposition was found at 4 of 13 sites (30%) where partial infilling occurred preventing further erosion. “Despite this promise for archaeological site preservation, our observations show that gully annealing can only occur under a specific set of conditions related to fluvial sand availability and wind transport direction.” Papers and Presentations 2024 River management influences on archaeological site preservation: Results of more than a decade of monitoring geomorphic change along the Colorado River 2023' Section 106 of the National Historic Preservation Act Archaeological Sites are Eroding in Grand Canyon Owing to Six Decades of Glen Canyon Dam Operations: Floods, Low Flows and Vegetation Management Can Help 2022 Glen Canyon’s LTEMP Annual Cultural PA Meeting 2022 Caster et al., 2022, Terrestrial lidar monitoring of the effects of Glen Canyon Dam operations on the geomorphic condition of archaeological sites in Grand Canyon National Park, 2010–2020 NPS and USGS Archaeological Site Monitoring and Research 2021 LTEMP Archaeological Site Section 106 Monitoring Cultural Benefits Action Opportunity Framework 2020 GCMRC 2019 Annual Reporting Meeting Overview – Part 3 2018 Historic Preservation Plan Update 2015 Cultural Site Monitoring in Glen and Grand Canyons 2014 Cultural Resources Ad Hoc Group Report Landscape-scale management implications of cultural resource studies (Fairley) 2013 Memorandum of Understanding Among the U.S. Department of Defense, U.S. Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, U.S Dept. of Energy, and the Advisory Council on Historic Preservation Regarding Interagency Coordination and Collaboration for the Protection of Indian Sacred Sites Summary of 2012 Accomplishments for Cultural Monitoring R&D Project, New Knowledge Gained, and Future Research Directions for FY2013-14 2012 AIF: Glen Canyon Dam National Historic Preservation Act (NHPA) Compliance Update Arch Site Context 2011 AIF: National Park Service Colorado River Resource Monitoring and Mitigation Report and PPT 2010 Update on the Cultural Monitoring Research and Development Project GCMRC Cultural Program Update “Review of Geoarchaeological Investigation and an Archaeological Treatment Plan for 151 Sites in the Grand Canyon, Arizona” by the GCDAMP Science Advisors dated July 2009 USGS/GCMRC Cultural Program Updates AIF: Report on Cultural Program and PPT, and DOI-DOE Guidance on Tribal Consultation for the Glen Canyon Dam Adaptive Management Program Dated December 16, 2009 2009 AIF: Treatment Plan Update and Geoarchaeology Project Update PPT Report on the Cultural Monitoring Research and Development Project PPT Letter from Martha Hahn (NPS) dated May 18, 2009, stating NPS "...would not approve FY07-11 Archeological Sites and Development Project" Report on Current Status and Phase I Results of the Cultural Monitoring R&D Project PPT Grand Canyon National Park Cultural Resources Program Annual Budget Estimate for Support of 106 Treatment Program AIF: Grand Canyon Monitoring and Research Center (GCMRC) Update Update on the Cultural Monitoring R&D Project PPT AIF: Archaeological Sites Analysis with HEC-RAS Model Analysis of Virtual Shorelines in Relation to Archaeological Sites in the Colorado River Ecosystem PPT Archaeological Sites Analysis TWG Actions Grand Canyon Monitoring and Research Center updates by Program Managers AIF: River Stage and Archaeological Sites An Evaluation of Selected Erosional Factors on Grand Canyon Archaeological Sites (prepared by M. Berry) Potential of Glen Canyon Releases to Inundate Cultural Sites in Grand Canyon National Park: A GIS Analysis Using Modeled Virtual Shorelines and Canyon-wide Topographic Data PPT (prepared by Hoda Sondossi) Geoarchaeological investigations and an archaelogical treatment plan for 151 sites in Grand Canyon, Arizona Analysis of Virtual Shorelines in Relation to Archaeological Sites in the Colorado river Ecosystem PPT Other Stuff