2017 Water Quality PEP

Desired Future Condition for Water Quality Water quality with regards to dissolved oxygen, nutrient concentrations and cycling, turbidity, temperature, etc., is sufficient to support natural ecosystem functions, visitor safety and visitor experience to the extent feasible and consistent with the life history requirements of focal aquatic species. • Ecosystem-sustaining nutrient distribution, flux, and cycling. • Hydro-physical conditions and characteristics of the CRE necessary to sustain aquatic biota. • Acceptable water quality for human health and visitor experience.

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Findings and Recommendations Shift emphasis from Lake Powell to downstream over the next few years. Employ water quality-ecosystem models in Lake Powell and the Colorado River to link Glen Canyon Dam (GCD) operations and physical/chemical/ecosystem responses in a timely manner using the best information available. Work with other programs in the Grand Canyon Monitoring and Research Center (GCMRC) Biological Resources Program in the integration of results to allow decision-making by the Technical Working Group (TWG) and the Adaptive Management Working Group (AMWG) by linking operations of GCD to various ecosystem responses. Develop a “proactive” long-range water quality monitoring strategy to evaluate current and future water management actions at Glen Canyon Dam. GCMRC should work with the TWG to improve the Management Objectives/ Information Needs (MO/INs) process. Lake Powell forebay station should be changed to the White Category. It is imperative that the GCMRC provide critical information in a timely manner to allow cost-effective and environmentally effective decisions for the Adaptive Management Program (AMP). Agenda and Prospectus 2017 Water Quality PEP Agenda 2017 Water Quality PEP Prospectus

Links and Information Water Quality page 2017 Water Quality PEP Agenda 2017 Water Quality PEP Prospectus 2017 Water Quality PEP Report 6/4/18 Final 2017 Water Quality PEP Suggested Priority Reading List 2017 Water Quality PEP Memorandum Final report of the 2001 Protocol Evaluation Panel for the Grand Canyon Monitoring and Research Center Integrated Water Quality Program (IWQP) Reading List Adaptive Management Melis et al. 2015. Surprise and Opportunity for Learning in Grand Canyon: the Glen Canyon Dam Adaptive Management Program. Ecology and Society 20(3):22. Calcite Coprecipitation Cohen et al. 2013. Diel phosphorus variation and the stoichiometry of ecosystem metabolism in a large spring-fed river. Ecological Monographs, Vol. 83, No. 2 (May 2013), pp. 155-176 Corman et al. 2015. Stoichiometric impact of calcium carbonate deposition on nitrogen and phosphorus supplies in three montane streams. Biogeochemistry. Corman et al. 2016. Calcium carbonate deposition drives nutrient cycling in a calcareous headwater stream. Ecological Monographs, 86(4), 2016, pp. 448–461 Hamilton et al. 2008. Biogenic calcite–phosphorus precipitation as a negative feedback to lake eutrophication. Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. 66: 343–350 Otsuki and Wtzel. 1972. Coprecipitation of phosphate with carbonates in a marl lake. Reynolds and Johnson. 1974. Major element geochemistry of Lake Powell. Lake Powell Research Project Bulletin #5. Reynolds. 1978. Polyphenol inhibition of calcite precipitation in Lake Powell. Limnol. Oceanogr., 23(4), 1978, 585-597. CE-QUAL Modeling ERM’s review of the Lake Powell CE-QUAL-W2 Model Williams, N.T., 2007, Modeling dissolved oxygen in Lake Powell using CE-QUAL-W2: Provo, Brigham Young University, thesis. Williams, N.T., 2007, Projecting Temperature in Lake Powell and the Glen Canyon Dam Tailrace. Proceedings of the Colorado River Basin Science and Resource Management Symposium Contaminants Hart et al. 2005. Physical and chemical characteristics of Knowles, Forgotten, and Moqui Canyons, and effects of recreational use on water quality, Lake Powell, Arizona and Utah: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2004–5120, 43 p. Schonauer. 2014. The presence and distribution of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and inorganic elements in water and lakebed materials and the potential for bioconcentration in biota at established sampling sites on Lake Powell, Utah and Arizona: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2013–1299, 28 p. Waddell and Wiens. 1993. Reconnaissance study of trace elements in water, sediment, and biota of Lake Powell. Walters. 2015. Mercury and selenium accumulation in the Colorado River food web, Grand Canyon, USA. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, Vol. 34, No. 10, pp. 2385–2394, 2015 General Lake Powell Limnology Gloss. 1980. Advective control of nutrient dynamics in the epilimnion of a large reservoir. Limnol. Oceanogr., 25(2), 1980, 219-228 Johnson and Page. 1981. Oxygen depleted waters: Origin and distribution in Lake Powell, Utah - Arizona. Proceedings of the Symposium on surface water impediments. American Society of Civil Engineers, NY. Johnson and Merritt. 1979. Convective and Advective Circulation of Lake Powell, Utah-Arizona, During 1972-1975. Water Resources Research. 15:4 Stanford and Ward. 1990. Limnology of Lake Powell and the Chemistry of the Colorado River. Colorado River Ecology and Dam Management: Proceedings of a Symposium May 24-25, 1990 Santa Fe, New Mexico. Chap 5. Wildman and Vernieu. 2017. Turbid releases from Glen Canyon Dam, Arizona, following rainfall-runoff events of September 2013, Lake and Reservoir Management Long-term Water Quality Trends Kelly 2001. Influence of reservoirs on solute transport: A regional-scale approach. Hydrol. Process. 15, 1227–1249 Stets. 2014. Long-term trends in alkalinity in large rivers of the conterminous US in relation to acidification, agriculture, and hydrologic modification. Sci Total Environ. 2014 Aug 1;488-489:280-9 P Biogeochemistry Wildman et al. 2011. Physical, Chemical, and Mineralogical Characteristics of a Reservoir Sediment Delta (Lake Powell, USA) and Implications for Water Quality during Low Water Level. J Environ Qual. 2011 Mar-Apr;40(2):575-86. Bostrom et al. 1988. Exchange of phosphorus across the sediment-water interface. Hydrobiologia 170: 229-244 Hering and Wildman. A study of the dynamics of phosphorus associated with suspended and deposited sediments in the Colorado River delta, Lake Powell, Utah. Kinsman-Costello et al. 2014. Re-flooding a Historically Drained Wetland Leads to Rapid Sediment Phosphorus Release. Ecosystems 17: 641–656 Kinsman-Costello et al. 2016. Phosphorus release from the drying and reflooding of diverse shallow sediments Mayer and Gloss. 1980. Buffering of silica and phosphate in a turbid river. Limnol. Oceanogr., 25(l), 12-22 Wildman and Hering. 2011. Potential for release of sediment phosphorus to Lake Powell (Utah and Arizona) due to sediment resuspension during low water level. Lake and Reservoir Management, 27:4, 365-375 USGS Data Series, Circulars, and other Reports GCDAMP FY 2017 Knowledge Assessment: Final Report from the Executive Coordinator for the Science Advisors Program Glen Canyon Dam Adaptive Management Program Triennial Budget and Work Plan— Fiscal Years 2018–2020 USGS Workshop on Scientific Aspects of a Long-Term Experimental Plan for Glen Canyon Dam, April 10–11, 2007, Flagstaff, Arizona Final report of the 2001 Protocol Evaluation Panel for the Grand Canyon Monitoring and Research Center Integrated Water Quality Program (IWQP) Historical Physical and Chemical Data for Water in Lake Powell and from Glen Canyon Dam Releases, Utah-Arizona, 1964–2013 The State of the Colorado River Ecosystem in Grand Canyon: A report of the Grand Canyon Monitoring and Research Center 1991-2004 Biological Data for Water in Lake Powell and from Glen Canyon Dam Releases, Utah and Arizona, 1990–2009 Water Quality and Glen Canyon Dam Management Hueftle and Stevens. 2001. Experimental flood effects on the limnology of Lake Powell Reservoir, Southwestern USA. Ecological Applications, 11(3), pp. 644–656 Effects of the 2008 High-Flow Experiment on Water Quality in Lake Powell and Glen Canyon Dam Releases, Utah-Arizona Water Quality and Metabolism in the Colorado River below Glen Canyon Dam Water quality investigation of seventeen Grand Canyon tributaries: July 2004 - May 2005 Hall et al. 2015. Turbidity, light, temperature, and hydropeaking control primary productivity in the Colorado River, Grand Canyon. Limnol. Oceanogr. 60, 512–526 Hall et al. 2012. Air–water oxygen exchange in a large whitewater river. Limnology and Oceanography: Fluids and Environments Larned et al. 2004. Mass-transfer–limited nitrogen and phosphorus uptake by stream periphyton: A conceptual model and experimental evidence. Limnol. Oceanogr., 49(6), 1992–2000 Payn et al. 2017. A coupled metabolic-hydraulic model and calibration scheme for estimating whole-river metabolism during dynamic flow conditions. Limnol. Oceanogr. Other Stuff